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column design
General column design by PROKON. (GenCol Ver W3.0.12 - 12 Dec 2016)

Design code : BS8110 - 1997

BS8110 - 1997 Y
General design parameters:
Given:
Lo = 3.500 m 400
fcu = 25 MPa
fy = 450 MPa 300
Ac = 159196 mm²
X X
200
Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable. 100
(2) The specified design axial loads include
the self-weight of the column.
0
(3) The design axial loads are taken constant
over the height of the column.
-100

-100

100

200

300

400

500
Y

0
Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) An area of reinforcement is chosen.
(2) The column design charts are constructed.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment are determined .
(5) The design axial force and moment capacity is checked on
the relevant design chart.
(6) The safety factor is calculated for this load case.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Design axis:
At the top end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
The column is unbraced.

Effective length factor ß = 1.50 Table 3.19

Effective column height:

le = ß . Lo
= 1.5 ×3.5
= 5.250 m

Column slenderness about weakest axis:

le
max_s140l=
h
5.25
=
.4
= 13.125
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Where h is an equivalent column depth derived from the radius of gyration*square root of 12

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity: 3.8.2.4
Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending:
Use emin = 20mm

Mmin = emin. N
= .02 ×65
= 1.300 kNm

Check if the column is slender: 3.8.1.3

le/h = 13.2 > 10
\ The column is slender.

Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.7

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

\ Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 0.0 kNm

The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

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The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.7

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

\ Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 0.0 kNm

Deflection induced moments: 3.8.3.1

Design ultimate capacity of section under axial load only:

1 . .
Nuz = 0.45 . f cu. Ac + f y Asc
1.15
1
= 0.45 ×25 ×159.2 + ×450 ×.80425
1.15
= 2 105.707 kN

Maximum allowable stress and strain:

Allowable compression stress in steel

1 .
f sc = fy
1.15
1
= ×450
1.15
= 391.304 MPa

Allowable tensile stress in steel

1 .
f st = fy
1.15
1
= ×450
1.15
= 391.304 MPa
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Allowable tensile strain in steel

f st
ey =
Es
391.3
=
200000
= 0.0020

Allowable compressive strain in concrete

ec = 0.0035

For bending about the weakest axis:

Weakest axis lies at an angle of -90.00° to the X-X axis
Overall dimension perpendicular to weakest axis h = 400mm

Nuz - N
K=
Nuz - Nbal
2106×103 - 65000
=
2106×103 - 975644
= 1.806

The value of K is limited to 1.0, therefore K = 1.0

1 .
ßa = max_sl2
2000
1
= ×13.175 2
2000
= 0.0868

Where max_sl is the maximum slenderness ratio of the column as an equivalent rectangular column.

Therefore:

Madd = N. ßa. K. h
= 65 ×.08678 ×1 ×.4
= 2.256 kNm

\ Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm

\ Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = 2.3 kNm
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Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 65.0 kN

Moments as a result of imperfections added about Design axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.7
(a) 3.8.3.2

M = M2 + Madd
=0 +0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

(d) 3.8.3.2

M = eminx. N
= .02 ×65
= 1.300 kNm

Thus 3.8.3.2

M = 1.3 kNm

Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=0.0 kNm
Mxtop=0.0 kNm Mxmin=1.3 kNm

+ =

Mxbot=0.0 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Moments as a result of imperfections added about Design axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.7
(a) 3.8.3.2

M = M2 + Madd
= 0 + 2.2564
= 2.256 kNm
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(d) 3.8.3.2

M = eminy. N
= .02 ×65
= 1.300 kNm

Thus 3.8.3.2

M = 2.3 kNm

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=2.3 kNm
Mytop=0.0 kNm Mymin=1.3 kNm

+ =

Mybot=0.0 kNm
Initial Additional Design

Design of column section for ULS:

The column is checked for applied moment about the design axis.
Through inspection: the critical section lies at the bottom end of the column.
The design axis for the critical load case 1 lies at an angle of 90.00° to the X-axis
The safety factor for the critical load case 1 is 26.89
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For bending about the design axis:

Interaction Diagram

Moment max = 145.3kNm @ 881 kN

2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
Axial load (kN)

1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
-80.0

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

200
-140

-120

-100

2 kNm 0.00

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100

120

140
100 65 kN
-100
-200

Bending moment (kNm)

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the design axis:

The final design moments were calculated as the vector sum of the X- and Y- moments
of the critical load case. This also determined the design axis direction

At the top, Mx = 2.3 kNm

Near mid-height, Mx = 1.3 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 2.3 kNm

Stresses at the bottom end of the column for the critical load case 1
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BS8110 - 1997 Y
D
M

400
90.0°
300
90.0°
X X
200

100

-100
-100

100

200

300

400

500

M
D
Y
0

Summary of design calculations:

Design table for critical load case:

Moments and Reinforcement for LC 1:uls

Top Middle Bottom
Madd-x (kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0
Madd-y (kNm) -2.3 0.0 2.3
Mx (kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0
My (kNm) 2.3 0.0 -2.3
Mmin (kNm) 1.3 0.0 1.3
M-design (kNm) 2.3 1.3 2.3
Design axis (°) 90.00 90.00 90.00
Safety factor 26.89 28.95 26.89
Asc (mm²) 804 804 804
Percentage 0.50 % 0.50 % 0.50 %
AsNom (mm²) 637 637 637
Critical load case: LC 1

Design results for all load cases:

Safety
Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm)
factor
Load case 1 X-X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
65.0 Bottom 2.3 26.893
uls Y-Y 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.3 2.3
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