Extreme Loading of Structures CVEN90026 (2019)

Supplementary lecture slides on impact

Modelling of beams and slabs for plastic behaviour
Collision of Heavy Object on a Light Beam

Vo
Vo

D
 Collapse of a cantilever
From Kinetic Energy
To Absorbed Energy :
mass m
D
Pf
Vo 1
mV02 = M P = Pf D
2
L D=
mV02
2 Pf
where
 Pf =
MP
MP L
 Collapse of a cantilever
From Kinetic Energy
To Absorbed Energy :

MP mass m
Vo 1
mV02 + mgD = M P = Pf D
2

mass of beam neglected
mV02
D=
2(Pf − mg )
D
where
MP
Pf =
Pf L

L
 Collapse of Beams
mass of all the beams have been neglected

mV02 M Vo
D= ; Pf = P
2(Pf − mg ) L
MP D
L Pf
mV02 4M P
D= ; Pf =
2(Pf − mg ) L
Vo
D
MP
Pf
L
 Collapse of Beams
mass of all the beams have been neglected

MP Vo
D MP
D=
mV02
; Pf =
8M P MP
2(Pf − mg ) L Pf
L

MP Vo
D
D=
mV02
; Pf =
6M P MP
2(Pf − mg ) L
Pf
L
 Collapse of Plate with Simple Supports
mass of plate has been neglected
A
mV02
D= MP
2(Pf − mg ) MP
2D
Pf .D = 4 2aM P . ; Pf = 8M P 2a
2a
where M P is moment per unit length 2a
Would you be able to proof the formular 2a
by considering the geometry of deformation ?
2  2a 2a
A

2D D Note, the estimated

2a value of Pf and D is
Pf independent of the size
of the plate !!
Section A-A
 Collapse of Plate with
A
Fixed Supports
mass of plate has been neglected

MP
mV02 MP
D= ; Pf = 16M P
2(Pf − mg )
where M P is moment per unit length 2a

Would you be able to proof the formular 2a

By considering the geometry of deformation ? 2a
2a
2  2a

2D D Note, the estimated

2a value of Pf and D is
Pf independent of the size
of the plate !!
Section A-A
Collision of Light Object on a Heavy Member

D
Vo
Vo
D
 Contributions by Inertia of Beam
D
m

V From Kinetic Energy

Mass of object

To Absorbed Energy :
Conservation of angular 1 2 MP
Pf =
momentum about support : I  = Pf D L
2
Vo
m.V0 .L = I .
2
AL3  V 
 
I  2 3 L
AL3  V D= ;D =
where I = ; = 2 Pf 2 Pf
3 L  
L (AL )V 2  m 
 AL3 V D= where V = 
 AL
V0
m.V0 L = . 6 Pf
 3


3 L Or
MP   2  
 m  mV0  m 
V = V0 D=
 AL  2 Pf  AL 

 3  3 

1/𝝀
approx. equal to 1/1+ 𝝀 for 𝝀 >> 1
 Contributions by Inertia of Beam
From Kinetic Energy
MP Mass of object m To Absorbed Energy :
1  2 (AL )g =
MP
I + D=PD Pf
Vo 2

2
f L

 D
2
AL3  V 
 
I  2 3  L 
D= ;D =

2 Pf −
( AL )g  
2 Pf −
(AL )g 
 
 2   2 
V  
L (AL )V 2  m 
D= where V =  V0

6 P −
(AL )g   AL 
 f   3 
 2 
m.V0 .L = I .
Or
Conservation of AL 3
V  
angular momentum where I = ; = mV0  m
2

3 L D=
about support : AL3 V  ALg   AL 

m.V0 L = . 2 Pf −  3 
3 L  2 
 
 m 
V =
AL V0 1/𝝀
  approx. equal to 1/1+ 𝝀 for 𝝀 >> 1
 3
 Contributions by Inertia of Beam
From Kinetic Energy
Mass of object m to Absorbed Energy :

Vo 1  2 (AL )g Pf =
4M P
I  + D = Pf D L
2 2
 ( )
D
2
V 
3
mL  
MP 2 2
 L 
I  2 3
 2
D= ;D =
Mass of beam : m kg per unit length 
2 Pf −
(AL )g  
2 Pf −
(AL )g 
 
 2   2 
L ALV 2
L m
= I . D= where V = V
m.V0 
6 Pf −
( AL )g  AL 0
2  3
Conservation of where I = 2
( 2 ) ; = V
mL
3  2 
Or
angular momentum 3 L  
 m 
2 2
mV0
about support :
( ) .V
A L 2
3 D=
 ( AL )g   AL 

m.V0 L = 2
2 L
2 Pf −  3 
3
2  2 
m
V =
AL 0
V 1/𝝀
3 approx. equal to 1/1+ 𝝀 for 𝝀 >> 1
 Contributions by Beam Inertia
1/𝝀
  approx. equal to 1/1+ 𝝀 for 𝝀 >> 1
Summary mV0
2
 m 
D=
 ( AL )g   AL 
 1/3 of total beam mass
2 Pf −  3 
Mass of object m  2 
6M P
MP Pf =
Pf = Vo L
L
 D D
D
Mass of beam : m kg per unit length

L L
8M P
4M P Pf =
Pf = L
L

D D

L L
 Contributions by Plate (Slab) Inertia
Rotational Inertia of one Triangular Quadrant
MP a a


=  t x(a − y )2 dy =  t
 (2 y )(a − y )2 dy
I
4
0 0
a


I
=  t 2 y 3 − 4ay 2 + 2a 2 y.dy
4
0
a
I  2 y 4 4ay 3 2a 2 y 2 
= t  − + 
4  4 3 2 
0

I  2 a 4 4 a 4 2 a 4   a 4t
2a 2a = t  − + =
4  4 3 2  6
 
Y=0

Rotational Inertia of Entire Slab

X = 2Y
2  a 4t Y=a
I =
3
 Contributions by Plate (Slab) Inertia
Conservation of angular
Slab Rotational Inertia
MP momentum about support :
2  a 4t m.V0 a = I .
I =
3 2 a 4 t  V
where I = ; =
3 a
2 a 4 t V
m.V0 a = .
3 a
m
V = V
2 a 2 t 0
3
From Kinetic Energy to Absorbed Energy :
2a 2a I  +
(
1  2 4 a 2t g
D = Pf D
)
2 3
Pf = 8 MP 2 a 4 t  V 
2
(Mp is moment of  
I  2 3 a
( ) ( )
resistance per unit D= ;D =
 4 a 2t g   4 a 2t g 

2 Pf − 
2 Pf −
length)  3   3 
   
D mV02

 m 


( )
D=
  2   2 a 2t 
2 Pf −
4 a t g  3 


3 
 1/𝝀
 Contributions by Plate (Slab) Inertia
Summary
Mass of object = m
MP
V0
D
Mass of slab : m kg per unit area

2a 2a
mV02  m 
D=  
 4 a 2tg   2 a 2t  1/𝝀
2a 2 Pf −   3 
2a  3 
1/6 of total slab mass

Pf = 8M P for simply - supported slab

MP Pf = 16M P for slab with fixed supports
M p is moment of resistance per unit length
 Summary of Points
• Generalised Mass 𝝀m for Elastic Behaviour
Simply-Supported beam : 𝝀m = ½ of total mass of beam approx.
Cantilever beam : 𝝀m = ¼ of total mass of beam approx.
Fixed-end beam : 𝝀m = 2/5 of total mass of beam approx.
Square and Rectangular Slab : 𝝀m = ¼ of total slab mass approx.
• Generalised (Equivalent) Stiffness k for Elastic Behaviour
Beams considered above and square slab : k approx. equal to static stiffness
• Generalised Mass 𝝀m for Rigid Perfectly Plastic Behaviour
Beams considered above : 𝝀m = 1/3 of total beam mass
Square and Rectangular Slab : 𝝀m = 1/6 of total slab mass
   m 
mV02  m  mV02  
D=  AL  or  a >> 1
4 a tg   2 a t 
  
assuming that
  
2
2 Pf − ALg 2

 2  3  2 Pf −   3 
 3 
beams 1/𝝀 square slabs 1/𝝀
Let g = 0 for horizontal impact
End of Session
supplementary lecture slides on impact