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nozzles
Introduc)on
to
Aeronau)cal
Engineering
Ir.
Nando
Timmer
Second
form
of
the
isentropic
rela4ons
Total
temperature
Total
pressure
Compressibility
1
0.9
For
M
<
0.3
the
change
in
density
is
less
than
5%
0.8 Thus:
For
M
<
0.3
the
flow
can
be
treated
as
incompressible
0.7
0.6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
M
Supersonic
wind
tunnel
Reservoir Test section
p0 Throat
T0 M >1 Pts
M<1 Tts
V≈0 M=1
Subsonic Supersonic
flow flow
Con4nuity
equa4on
Area-‐velocity
rela4on
Area-‐velocity
rela4on
(2)
Area-‐velocity
rela4on
(3)
Case
1:
Case
2:
Case
3:
Case
3:
M
=
1
M
1
x→
1 1
Supersonic
nozzles