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A. Background
Processing cow manure into a friendly alternative biogas energy the
processing cow manure into alternative biogas energy is the production of organic
fertilizer for plants. Biogas is produced by bacteria from organic materials under
conditions without oxygen (anaerobic process). This process takes place during
processing or fermentation. The gas produced consists mainly of CH4 and CO2. If
the CH4 gas content is more than 50%, then this gas mixture is young, the CH4
60%. The ideal temperature for the fermentation process for biogas formation is
reducing the cost of fertilizer, and pesticides saving energy, reducing energy costs
In recent years, however, this focus has rapidly shifted, and biological studies can
now be easily carried out at the molecular level. Molecular biology is the study of
life at the molecular level. This rapidly expanding field is based on the ability to
genetic material from one organism and combining it with that of another
organism. Most often, genomic manipulation begins with isolating plasmid DNA
and foreign DNA and cutting them with the same restriction enzyme. The foreign
DNA inserts itself into the plasmid and the recombinant plasmid is introduced into
a bacterium. The bacteria are then grown and screened to select the desired gene.
hormones. which are normally obtained only in their natural state. Genetically
engineered organisms also help produce vaccines and antibiotic substances and
disputes, and it was used to identify the bones of Czar Nicholas, the last Russian
czar, and his family. This technology is also used extensively in criminology as a
B. Purpose
biogas components are as follows: ± 60% CH4 (methane), ± 38% CO2 (carbon
dioxide) and ± 2% N2, O2, H2, & H2S. Biogas can be burned like LPG, on a
large scale biogas can be used as an electric energy generator, so it can be used as
main biogas energy sources are cattle, buffalo, pig and horse manure
Biogas is playing a key role in the emerging market for renewable energy.
It is estimated that a major part of the EU-27 renewable energy target by 2020
will be met by bioenergy, at least 25% of which will be biogas . In addition, the
global capacity for power generation from commercial biogas facilities will more
than double over the next decade, from 14.5 gigawatts (GW) in 2012 to 29.5 GW
consists mainly of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The substrate used,
fermentation technology and collection method can all affect the production and
composition of raw biogas. Besides CH4 and CO2, raw biogas also contains small
(O2), nitrogen (N2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The typical properties of biogas
generated from anaerobic digestionplants and landfill sites are summarised and
compared with those of natural gas. Some of the impurities may have significant
negative impacts on the utilisation system, such as corrosion, increased emissions
and hazards for human health. In order to increase the calorific value and reduce
unwanted components, e.g. CO2 and H2S, which are harmful to utilisation
biomethane is one of the technologies that attract great interest in the bioenergy
industry. For example, in Europe, the total installed capacity for biogas upgrading
grew from less than 10,000 N m3 /h (raw gas) in 2001 to over 160,000 N m3 /h
(raw gas) in 2011 In Sweden, biogas upgraded to vehicle fuel increased from less
than 20% of total biogas production in 2006 to about 50% in 2011. Reviewed the
biomethane. Biogas cleaning and upgrading has also been a highlighted topic in
the importance for upgrading bio-oil from biomass fast pyrolysis in order to
achieve the synergy between CO2 utilisation and biomass production. Xiu and
Shahbazi summarised the state of the art for producing and upgrading bio-oil,
with the focus on the hydrothermal liquefaction process. Reviewed the upgrading
and Boivin reviewed biogas purification with the focus on the removal of
Bekkering et al. analysed the current status and future options of biogas supply,
including biogas upgrading. reviewed various techniques for biogas cleaning and
Huge quantities of floral waste are available from famous temples across
India. These flowers have a short lifespan and the floral waste is seldom used for
in nearby water sources or in the landfill. Both the methods create environmental
pollution and emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere due to aerobic
friendly and energy efficient solution to the problem of floral waste disposal.
process of organic waste materials has a potential to produce useful biogas with
Besides this, according to the Kyoto Protocol, methane is one of the key
greenhouse gases with global warming potential 25 times more than the carbon
Anaerobic digestion process has four different operational aspects which include
(Kulkarni, 2019).
engineering science help for better understanding and process control of the
anaerobic digestion phenomen. The total biogas production in India is 2.07 billion
m3 /year, which is very less compared to its estimated potential of 29– 48 billion
different waste materials, the methods used for improving biogas output and co-
materials, like animal dungs, kitchen wastes and waste flowers. Improvement in
biogas production has been obtained from rice straw using sodium carbonate
solids is obtained by using 0.5 Molar sodium carbonate at 110o C for 2 h duration.
Untreated rice straw produced 130 ml of CH4 per gram of volatile solids, with an
pretreatment can help to prevent a drop in pH during the acidogenesis step. Biogas
140o C. But the attempts for improvement in biogas production, use of a variety of
pretreatment cost are not seen from the literature. Also, the techniques for
improving biogas yield such as co-digestion with other substrates and solar
heating of the digester are not experimented with floral waste feedstock. The
research related to these aspects is still in an early stage and there is a need to
biogas from floral waste. The objective of this study is addressed to evaluate the
energy in India. The study further aims to get improved biogas production from
floral waste by using novel alkaline pretreatment, solar heating of digester and
codigestion with food waste. The details regarding the same are discussed in the
amount of raw material for making biogas which can be utilized. Besides the
amount a lot, the raw material for making biogas also easy to find. As an example,
even animal droppings, even cows, can used as raw material in making biogas.
Biogas made from cow dung very potential as fuel because has methane content.
Biogas has also been done began to be developed and utilized by some industries
as alternative fuels substitute for oil. But the biogas derived from this cow dung
Therefore biogas needs to be purified before used as fuel. At present, the use of
biogas in developed countries has increased. Biogas produced both from liquid
waste and solid waste or generated from the system mechanical biology
processing in place waste treatment. In addition to processing waste that has the
the energy sources environmentally friendly. This study aims to get good quality
biogas through purification by using nylon membrane to reduce the CO2 high
enough so that biogas will be obtained with high methane quality. With high
levels of methane in biogas, then the higher the quality of the biogas produced and
able to enter a recipient cell and become incorporated into a homologous area on
the recipient cell’s genome. Historically, transformation had its origin in the
an avirulent nonencapsulated rough (R) strain and then injected into mice, the
result was fatal. Subsequent isolation of the organisms from the tissues of the dead
mice revealed that the rough avirulent strain had been converted to a smooth,
In the environment even when a host and pathogen are well established in
the same place and time, disease will not develop without a favorable
disease outbreaks, even attributing disease itself to bad air (miasmas) or to excess
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY EXPERIMENT
University
1. Tools
2. Materials
a. Water
d. gasoline faucet
C. Work Procedure
Water hyacinth was Manure of goat and Water
destroyed hyacinth was united
A. Observation Result
1. Goar manure
2. Water hyacinth
3. Water
B. Discussion
In this lab used water hyacinth and goat manure in the biogas
manufacturing process. in the waters of the lake, Eceng Gondok grows on the
(floating net cages), water transportation waste and waste agriculture. One of the
most prospective efforts to overcome the Eceng Gondok weeds in the waters is by
using the Eceng Gondok plant as a biogas feedstock. Eceng Gondok can be used
as raw material for biogas because it contains methane (CH4), Carbon Dioxide
(CO2), Nitrogen (N2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen Sulfide
as microbes, fungi and bacteria are carried outOrganic waste from the results of
market activities is one of the alternative ingredients for making organic fertilizer
(compost) and biogas. Some of the benefits of biogas include reducing the volume
fuels.
The use of water hyacinth is very useful in the form of utilizing water
hyacinth as a raw material for biogas which is an alternative fuel. The use of water
hyacinth will not be detrimental, besides being able to help absorb toxins in the
waters, it can be used for processing into biogas which later can be a source of
amount and quality of the biogas produced varies depending on the type and
amount of raw materials used, the composition of inputs and the time of
fermentation. The variables that became object in this study were the types of
intestine, comparison of levels of organic waste with dirty water which had been
diluted (30: 70, 50: 50, 70: 30) and fermentation time ie 5 days, 9 days, 12 days,
15 days, 18 days and 21 days. The results showed that organic waste from cow
intestine produced biogas with better quality compared to vegetable waste. Biogas
be airtight. Stuff Raw Material Raw materials in the form of organic materials
such as livestock manure, agricultural waste, waste materials, and organic waste
that are protected from inorganic materials. The filling material must contain 7-
balance contained in organic matter greatly determines the life and activity of
optimum degree of acidity for the life of microorganisms is 6.8 - 7.8. Temperature
Biogas production will decline rapidly due to sudden temperature changes in the
installations in the soil. Starter Starters are needed to speed up the process of
available microorganisms that have been sold can also be used as organic
matter (closed from free air) to produce gas which is mostly in the form of
methane gas (which has flammability) and carbon dioxide, this gas is called
biogas. The anaerobic decomposition process is aided by a number of
capturing methane gas from the location of the waste pile without having to make
special digester.
accumulation, this accordance with the theory that Anaerobic digestion process of
organic waste materials has a potential to produce useful biogas with considerable
this, according to the Kyoto Protocol, methane is one of the key greenhouse gases
with global warming potential 25 times more than the carbon dioxide potential.
needs and also a reduction in the methane emission into the atmosphere. In
sector creates impact on environment, social and hygienic issues (Kulkarni, 2019)
Reducing the volume or weight of the waste disposed Reducing pollutant
and renewable fuels Biogas can be used for various use Environmental Benefits
water sources economic benefits More economical than other processes in terms
of process cycles. The main part of the biogas production process is a closed tank
called a digester. The design of the digester varies according to the type of raw
A. Conclussion
Based in this practicum we can conlude that Generally all types of organic
materials are processed to produce biogas. Eceng Gondok can be used as raw
bacteria are carried out. It remains only that homogeneous, both on and liquid
organic materials are suitable for the biogas system simple. When organic waste
decay methane gas will be produced (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), however
B. Suggestion
In the next practicum the experiment can better so we can get the good
value
BIBLIOGRAPHY