REDUCTION OF NOX COMPOUND IN IC ENGINE BY

CHANGING COMBUSTION CHAMBER DESIGN

ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
SAHIN REJA (78)

SOURAV SINGH (87)

SAYAN DALAL (89)

SHAILESH KUMAR CHOUDHARY (91)

SOUMIK DASGUPTA (98)
SOUMYA DUTTA (102)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. SUJAY SAHA
 INTRODUCTION

• In this project we try to make different types of models of combustion chamber in ansys.

• Evaluating this models in different condition of flow analysis.

• Checking the result and recirculation zone.

• We will going to compare stream function, wall stress, centre line velocity, static pressure of
all the designs.

• We also check how NOx compound reduced in exhaust of combustion chamber.

 SOFTWARE USED
ANSYS
ANSYS Is A general purpose software, used to simulate interactions of all disciplines of
physics, structural, vibration, fluid dynamics, heat transfer and electromagnetic for
engineers. ...

Ansys can import cad data and also enables to build a geometry with its "preprocessing"
abilities.
 SOFTWARE USED
FLUENT

ANSYS FLUENT Software contains the broad physical modeling capabilities needed to
model flow, turbulence, heat transfer, and reactions for industrial applications ranging from air
flow over an aircraft wing to combustion in A furnace, from bubble columns to oil platforms.
We are going to analyze the designs in ansys fluent.
 EMISSION OF NOX COMPOUND
• High temperature combustion of fuels where the temperature is hot enough (above about 1300°C/ 2370°F) to oxidise
some of the nitrogen in air to Nox gases.

• 1. Nitrous oxide (N2O), also known as 'laughing gas'. - It is a serious greenhouse gas, and is defined as being 298
times as bad as CO2 because of its radiative effect, and the time taken to break it down. Used as an anaesthetic and
generally considered to be non-toxic. It does react with vitamin B12, which may be a problem for those who are
deficient. It is broken down in the stratosphere, and catalyses the breakdown of ozone. Ozone in the upper atmosphere
is vital for absorbing UV rays; at the earth’s surface, it is harmful.
• 2. Nitric oxide (NO) - Readily oxidised in the atmosphere to nitrogen dioxide. Non-toxic in small quantities, infact it
serves a vital role as a regulator within the human body.

• 3. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) - A major pollutant and component of smog. Its brown fumes may be familiar from school
chemistry experiments. It reacts with water to produce nitric acid, which is why it is so irritating to the eyes and
respiratory tract.
 FLUID FLOW PARAMETERS
• THE FUEL WE USE IS GASOLINE. THE AIR-FUEL MIXTURE RATIO IS 14:1.
SO AVERAGE DENSITY AT 14:1 RATIO IS = 49.123 KG/M3

AVERAGE VISCOSITY AT 14:1 RATIO IS = 5.69 X 10 -5 KG/M-S

• BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

I) AT THE WALLS: NO SLIP CONDITION IS USED, I.E., U=0,V=0

II) AT THE INLET: VELOCITY IS NORMAL TO THE INLET SURFACE (U= 1 M/S)

I.E ( ∂U)/( ∂X)=0

III) AT THE EXIT: ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS SPECIFIED AT THE EXIT.

REYNOLDS NUMBER, R=2000 ( LAMINAR FLOW)

 COMPRESSION- EXPANSION
TYPE COMBUSTION CHAMBER

We are going to change the aspect ratio in every design by 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and
keeping all parameters constant.
Here this is A sample design that we are going to follow.
Combustion chamber with A central restriction.
Now aspect ratio for this design is = 1/5=0.2
 RESULT & DISCUSSION
1.VARIATION IN STREAM FUNCTION-
For aspect ratio 0.4 the recirculation zone is big and maximum where for aspect ratio 0.8 recirculation
zone is minimum and very low. Recirculation zone in 0.4 aspect is more prominent than 0.2 aspect
ratio.

ASPECT RATIO 0.2 ASPECT RATIO 0.4

ASPECT RATIO 0.6 ASPECT RATIO 0.8
2. VARIATION IN WALL STRESS
ASPECT RATIO -0.2

For upper wall it goes to

1.8 pascal and lower wall
stress is 2.5 pascal.
But the stress we got is
quite high. The other peak of
the graph after 12 position is
due to recirculation zone. UPPER WALL STRESS LOWER WALL STRESS

ASPECT RATIO -0.4

For upper wall it goes to 0.3

pascal and lower wall
stress goes to 0.5 pascal.
But here the importance
of the graph is that the
stress are quite low than
previous model.
UPPER WALL STRESS LOWER WALL STRESS
2. VARIATION IN WALL STRESS
ASPECT RATIO -0.6

For upper wall it goes to

0.18 pascal and lower wall
stress is 0.16 pascal.
But the stress we got is lower
than previous graphs.

UPPER WALL STRESS LOWER WALL STRESS

ASPECT RATIO -0.8

For upper wall it goes to 0.12

pascal and lower wall
stress goes to 0.10 pascal.
But here the importance
of the graph is that we got low stress
than the previous design.

UPPER WALL STRESS LOWER WALL STRESS

3. CENTER LINE VELOCITY –
ASPECT RATIO -0.2
The inlet velocity is 1m/S. Here the outlet velocity is 4 m/S.
At the staring of restriction velocity goes up to 6.8 m/s.
At the ending of restriction the velocity is 6.2 m/s.
So the velocity increases a lot. Its denotes A really good
Mixing of air-fuel.

ASPECT RATIO -0.4

The inlet velocity is 1m/s. Here the outlet velocity is nearly 3.25 m/s.
At the staring of restriction the center line velocity goes to 3.75 m/s.
At the ending of restriction the velocity is nearly 3.5 m/s. Velocity
Increase is less than the previous one. But here it’s a good center line
Velocity with good amount of mixture.
3. CENTER LINE VELOCITY –
ASPECT RATIO -0.6
The inlet velocity is 1m/S. Here the outlet velocity is 2.15 m/S.
At the staring of restriction velocity goes up to 2.40 m/s.
At the ending of restriction the velocity is 2.25 m/s.
Velocity increase is only 2 times of the inlet one.
So its very low compare to other models.

ASPECT RATIO -0.8

The inlet velocity is 1m/s. Here the outlet velocity is nearly 1.3 m/s.
At the staring of restriction the center line velocity goes to 1.55 m/s.
At the ending of restriction the velocity is nearly 1.4 m/s. Velocity
Increase is very low .
4. STATIC PRESSURE-
ASPECT RATIO - 0.2
At the inlet the pressure is maximum and its 900 pascal.
At the starting of the restriction pressure drops at -700 pascal.

After the restriction ends the goes up and then its 0 pascal. As the

output is velocity ends so pressure at end will be zero. As pressure

Drop is large, we get good mixture of air- fuel.

ASPECT RATIO – 0.4

At the inlet the pressure is maximum and its 225 pascal.

At the starting of the restriction pressure drops at -200 pascal.

After the restriction ends the goes up and then its 0 pascal. As the
output is velocity ends so pressure at end will be zero.
4. STATIC PRESSURE-

ASPECT RATIO - 0.6

At the inlet the pressure is maximum and its 70 pascal.
At the starting of the restriction pressure drops at -100 pascal.
After the restriction ends the goes up and then its 0 pascal. Compare
With previous models pressure drops is very low.

ASPECT RATIO – 0.8

At the inlet the pressure is maximum and its 10 pascal.
At the starting of the restriction pressure drops at -55 pascal.
After the restriction ends the goes up and then its 0 pascal. As pressure
Drops low means low turbulence and its means low mixiting of
Air-fuel.
5. VARIATION IN TURBULENCE ENERGY
ASPECT RATIO – 0.2

Before the restriction the turbulence energy is 0 and at the moment of

restriction its goes to 1.9 m2/s2. After that the energy falls to 0.6 m2/s2 at

the end of restriction. In the outlet the energy is 0.6 m2/s2.

So as the aspect ratio is 0.2, more turbulence creates so

its energy is also higher.

ASPECT RATIO – 0.4

Before the restriction the turbulence energy is 0 and at the moment of

restriction its goes to 0.68 m2/s2. After that the energy falls to 0.2 m2/s2 at
the end of restriction. In the outlet the energy is 0.35 m2/s2.
So as the aspect ratio is 0.4 its energy is higher but lower than 0.2 aspect.
5. VARIATION IN TURBULENCE ENERGY
ASPECT RATIO – 0.6

Before the restriction the turbulence energy is 0 and at the moment of

restriction its goes to 0.23 m2/s2. After that the energy falls to 0.08 m2/s2

At the end of restriction. In the outlet the energy is 0.18 m2/s2.

So as the aspect ratio is 0.6, turbulence create is low so its energy is lower.

ASPECT RATIO – 0.8

Before the restriction the turbulence energy is 0 and at the moment of

restriction its goes to 0.11 m2/s2. After that the energy falls to 0.06 m2/s2
at the end of restriction. In the outlet the energy is 0.035 m2/s2.
So as the aspect ratio is 0.8 its turbulence energy is lowest.
 CONCLUSION

• By observing the stream function its clear the in aspect ratio 0.2 & 0.4 we get good recirculation zone. So
proper mixing occur. But for aspect 0.2 flow separation is quite more than aspect 0.4.

• By observing wall stress aspect 0.2 stress is much more than other. If stress is high it can damage the
combustion chamber. So we choose aspect ratio 0.4 as our main design.

• By observing center line velocity, static pressure, and turbulence energy aspect ratio 0.2 is more good than
0.4. But due to flow separation and high wall stress aspect 0.4 is best aspect ratio for us.

• For 0.6 and 0.8 aspect all the result are not good and mainly recirculation zone is low in aspect 0.4 and for
0.8 there is no recirculation zone.
 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
• As for 0.4 aspect good recirculation creates so proper mixing occur in between air and fuel.

• Due to proper mixing fuel tries to burn completely and efficiency of the engine increases.

• On the central restriction zone the pressure drops as a result temperature also drops so production
of NOx will be low.

• Production of NOx gases are exothermic reaction so if we can reduce the production of NOx then
engine will not loose heat in that so overall efficiency increase.

• So emission of NOx reduces and cost of catalytic converter also reduce.

THANK YOU