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Equal Friction Method of Designing Ducts
Given:
Duct system for general office (Layout on next slide).
Total air quantity = 5400 cfm, 0.15in.wg SP at each outlet
Radius elbows, R/D = 1.25
Find:
1. Initial duct velocity, area, size and friction rate in the
duct section from the fan to the first branch.
2. Size of remaining duct runs.
3. Total equivalent length of duct run with highest
resistance.
4. Total static pressure required at fan discharge
DUCT LAYOUT
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Solution:
1. From table 7 select an initial velocity of 1500 fpm.
Duct area = 5400 cfm = 3.60 sq ft
1500 fpm
From table 6, select a duct size ‐ 24 in. x 24 in.
Initial friction rate is determined from Chart 7
using the air quantity (5400), and the equivalent
round duct diameter from Table 6. Equivalent
round duct diameter = 24.1 in.
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Friction rate= 0.145 in. wg per 100 ft of
equivalent length.
2. The duct areas, are calculated using Table 13 and
duct sizes are determined from Table 6. The
following tabulates the design information:
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•Percent of cfm = air quantity in duct section
total air quantity
† Duct area = percent of area times initial duct area
(fan to A)
Duct sections B thru 12 and A thru 6 have the same
dimension as the corresponding duct sections in B thru
18.
3. It appears that the duct run from the fan to
terminal 18 has the highest resistance. Tables 10 and
12 are used to determine the losses thru the fittings.
The following list is a tabulation of the total
equivalent length in this duct run:
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To A Duct 60
Elbow / 12
A-B Duct 20
B – 13 Duct 30
-- Elbow 7
13 – 14 Duct 20
14 – 15 Duct 20
15 – 16 Duct 20
16 – 17 Duct 20
17 – 18 Duct 20
4. The total friction loss in the ductwork from the
fan to last terminal 18 is shown in the following:
Loss= total equiv length x friction rate
= 229 x 0.145 in. wg = 0.332 in.wg
100 ft
Total static pressure required at fan discharge is
the sum of the terminal operating pressure and
the loss in the ductwork. Credit can be taken for
the velocity regain between the first and last
sections of duct
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Velocity in initial section = 1700 fpm
Velocity in last section = 590 fpm
Using a 75 % regain coefficient
Regain = 0.75 [(1700/ 4000)2 – (590/4000)2]
= 0.75 ( 0.18 ‐ 0.02 ) = 0.12 in. wg
Therefore, the total static pressure at fan discharge:
= duct fiction + terminal pressure – regain
= 0.33 + 0.15 ‐ 0.12
= 0.36 in. wg