Refrigerator

1. Give some background information on how people would keep food cold before the invention
of the modern day refrigerator.
In the summer you had to salt it to make sure that it doesn’t spoil and in the winter you
had to shove it into the snow and hope that animals didn’t find it before you need it.

2. Explain in a simple manner how refrigeration preserves food.

It evaporates the water inside of the food and and that water takes the heat with it. Also
bacteria are in moist environments.

3. What parts are inside a modern day refrigerator and explain how they work together to keep
your food chilled.
Compressor, Heat-exchanging pipes, Expansion Valve, Refrigerant.
The compressor takes the ammonia gas (refrigerant) and makes it heats it up by compressing it.
The coils absorbs the heat and lets the heat dissipate. As heat is taken out it cools down and
condenses into a liquid due to the high pressure. Now the liquid goes through the expansion
valve that takes the high-pressure ammonia and puts it into a low pressure area made by the
compressor. The liquid ammonia boils and vaporizes into a gas that cools the inside of the
fridge. Now that cold gas gets taken by the compressor and the process repeats.

4. Do your best to explain the complicated science behind the refrigeration cycle.
Ammonia boils at -27F. The ammonia is in a gas from that changes into a liquid through
compression. It slowly loses heat using pipes that absorb said heat very easily. Then the
ammonia goes into a low pressure area allowing it to boil and expand at -27F. It now spread
through the inside and cools everything down,

5. Explain how other types of coolers work. (examples may include cold packs,solar coolers and
propane refrigerators)
“Named after the French 19th century physicist who discovered it, you can create the
Peltier effect yourself using a battery, two pieces of copper wire, and a piece of bismuth or iron
wire. Attach the copper wires to the two poles of the battery, and then connect the bismuth or
iron wire between the two pieces of copper wire. (The bismuth/iron and copper have to be
touching -- it's this connection that causes the Peltier effect.)
The junction where current flows from copper to bismuth will start to get hot, and the junction
where current flows from bismuth to the copper junction will get cold. The maximum
temperature drop is about 40 degrees Fahrenheit (22.2 degrees Celsius) from the ambient
temperature at the hot junction.” Taken From https://home.howstuffworks.com/refrigerator6.htm

Alternating Current/Direct Current Motors

1. Which parts are in a modern Electric motor?

Armature or Rotor, Commutator, Brushes, Axle, Field Magnet, DC Power Supply

2. How do electromagnets work?

 When you supply a metal with enough current it will become a magnet and when you
take away said current it will lose its magnetic properties.

3. How do the parts of an electric motor work together to turn electrical current into motion?
(axle,armature,commutator and brushes)
“The axle holds the armature and the commutator. The armature is a set of
electromagnets, in this case three. The armature in this motor is a set of thin metal plates
stacked together, with thin copper wire coiled around each of the three poles of the armature.
The two ends of each wire (one wire for each pole) are soldered onto a terminal, and then each
of the three terminals is wired to one plate of the commutator.
The final piece of any DC electric motor is the field magnet. The field magnet in this motor is
formed by the can itself plus two curved permanent magnets.”
Taken From https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/motor3.htm

4. How does a brushless motor work?

You put the permanent magnets onto the rotor and remove the brushes.

Heating Elements

1. What is resistance and how does a heating element use it to create heat?
Resistance is how easy/hard it is for electricity to move throughout a substance. An
element has a large amount of resistance causing not all of the electricity to be able to get
through and gets shoved out as heat.

2. What is the difference between a heating element and the filament in an incandescent light
bulb?
A heating element is made to produce heat and an off product is making a red light.
Filament has a resistance that is made for making more light instead of heat, heat is still a by
product though.

3. Name at least 10 common household items that all use a heating element.
Dryer, Hair Dryer, Stove, Oven, Toaster, A/C, Toaster Oven, Iron, Heater

Microwave Oven

1. What are the different types of energy waves and where do microwaves fit into this
spectrum?
Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible LIght, Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma Rays. 2.
Microwaves use Microwaves to cook food, I know what a shocker.

2. Explain the process by which microwaves excite food molecules and what is the result?
The waves are tossed into the oven and are absorbed by water, fats, and sugars.
The waves then create atomic motion inside the object. Heat is the product of how fast atoms in
the object are moving so greater atomic motion makes the object even hotter.
3. Explain why microwaves are good at reheating some sorts of food and poor at reheating
others.
Some foods are rich in sugars, fats, or water. Those allow microwaves to easily move
about the object heating it all evenly. When the food is thick and dry the waves can’t get into it
as easily and creates a warm outside but a cold inside. It can also cause warm spots in different
areas due to uneven spreading.

4. What is your favorite microwave recipe?

Its either you make ramen on a stove or in a microwave. Im a microwave person.

Part 2

In the second part of this assignment you will explore how to develop effective diagrams.

1. After answering the questions in part one, I expect that you are relatively knowledgeable
about each topic, but not expert enough to explain in detail how each system works.
2. It is your job to pick one of four systems above and develop your own teaching diagram
explaining step by step how the system works.
3. When you are through, anyone should be able to follow your instructions to build the
system themselves.
4. Finally, you will present your diagram to the rest of the class in a five minute
presentation explaining every detail of the process.