CAVITE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School

Chief E. Martin St. Caridad, Cavite City

Name: ______________________________________ Track-Strand: ________________

Teacher: Miss Katherine A. Taboso

English for Academic and Professional Purposes Hand out #03

Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Outlining

Summarizing - shortening a passage or a write-up without changing its meaning but by using different
words and sentences (dictionary.com)

- the brief account/ shorter version of a particular text containing only the main ideas and
key points

Outline - is used to present the main points and ideas of a subjects. In outlining, we take the important
details from the text that answer the 5Ws and 1H (who, what, where, when, why, how)
Paraphrasing - is the process to rephrase or rewrite sentences and paragraphs without changing its meaning.

Most Common Techniques in Paraphrasing

1. Synonyms – change/replace word/words from the original text with words having the same meaning of
the word (synonyms)
Example:
Original: The U.S. government declared that the AIDS crisis poses a national security threat. The
announcement followed an intelligence report that found high rates of HIV infection could lead to
widespread political destabilization.

Paraphrase: The government of the United States announced that AIDS could harm the nation's
security. The government warned the population after an important governmental study concluded
that political problems could result from large numbers of people infected with HIV (Snell, 2005).

2. Change word order: this might include changing from active to passive voice or moving modifiers to
different positions.
Example:
Passive Voice: The entrance exam was failed by over one-third of the applicants.
Active Voice: Over one-third of the applicants failed the entrance exam.

3. Changing direct quotations into indirect statements

Example:
Direct quotation: “I was under the influence of drugs and alcohol when I killed and raped them.”
Ibañez told the reporters.
Indirect Statement (and paraphrased): Ibañez said in an interview that he was under the
influence of drugs and liquor when he murdered and raped them.