ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

1 Solution:
a) No line limits:
G1 will supply the total load of 500 MW, since it is cheaper of the two.
Hence, LMP1=LMP2=LMP3=LMP4=10 $/MWh
b) To determine the line flows, consider the two loads separately:
Case 1: with load 320 MW

320 MW

1 2
2z

z z-path z
5z-path

2z
3 4

320 MW

Case 2: with load 180 MW

180 MW

180 MW

1 2
2z

2z-path
z z
4z-path

2z
3 4

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

Taking a superposition of the two flows, we have,

500 MW

180 MW

1 2
173.33 MW
2z
326.67 z z
MW 6.67 MW
2z
6.67 MW
3 4

320 MW

c) Line flow limit: 250 MW on all lines:

When the line flow limit is imposed, G1 will not be able to support all the power, G4 needs to be
scheduled. G4 will generate that much power, such that a counter-flow is produced to keep P13
line flow within limits.
PG1=500-x

1 2
2z

3z-path
z z
3z-path

2z
3 4

PG4=x

If PG4=x MW

counter flow is produced.

And to help P13 within the limits, the counter-flow required is,

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

( )

Or, x=153.34 MW generation at G4

And 500-x=346.66 MW generation at G1.

Now, LMP1=10$/MWh : 1MW extra load at Bus-1 is served by G1

LMP4=20 $/MWh : 1MW extra load at Bus-4 is served by G4

For 1 MW extra load at Bus-3:

Solving, we have: PG1=-2/3 MW, PG4=5/3 MW

For 1MW extra load at Bus-2:

Solving, we have: PG1=1/3 MW, PG4=2/3 MW

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

2 Solution:
The social welfare is defined as,

( ) ( ) ( )

We consider the objective ―-SW‖ for minimization,

Min, ( ) ( ) ( )

Or

( ) ( ) ( )

Now given that

̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅

thus, the Y-Bus matrix is:

[ ]

And accordingly, the susceptance matrix [B] is,

[ ]

The dc load flow equations are given by

[ ] [ ][ ]

that is,

[ ] [ ][ ]

Considering Bus-1 as the reference bus, i.e., δ1=0, we have,

( )

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

Thus, the Lagrangian function is formulated as,

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )

The KKT conditions so obtained are,

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

From (3) we have, = 4.25 $/MWh, and (4) gives = 4.25 $/MWh

Substituting and in (5), we get = 4.25 $/MWh.

Thus, from (1) and (2) we have,

MW, and MW

From (6), we have,

and from (7), we get,

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

Finally, from (8),

MW

Now the line flows can be obtained as,

( )

( )

We see that line 1—3 is congested, thus the new Lagrangian, considering line flow limit on line
1—3, is given by:

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

The KKT conditions so obtained are,

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

Using matrix to solve (1) – (9): [A][x]=[b]

[ ][ ] [ ]

then, [x]=[A]-1[b] gives:

[ ] [ ]

Power Flows:

( )

( )

******************************************************************************

The problem can also be solved in the previous method (as used for the case of without line
limits):

From (3) and (4), $/MWh.

From (9), rad, and then (6) gives MW, and (2) gives MW.
Thus, from (1), $/MWh, and from (5) $/MWh.
From (7), rad, and thus, from (8), MW.

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

3 Solution:

a) Perfect competition, Demand = 500MW

( ) ( ) ( )

b) East: , ; West: , .
With no transmission limit: All generators and demands work as a single system.

Similarly,

With transmission limit:

a. West side:
( ) ( )
Solving, we get:

b. East side:
Solving, we get:

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

4 Solution:
a)

With no transmission limit:

b) With transmission limit: Line 2-1 is congested. So the market is split as East and West,
where Area-2 as East and Areas 1 and 3 as West.

 East side:

Solving, we get:

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

 West side:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Solving, we get:

c)
( )
( )

Customer-Y pays $1465.65/h

( )

Customer-X receives $1,465.65/h

*********************************************************************
5 Solution:
;

$/MWh
MW ; MW

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

6 Solution:
a)

( ) ( )

b) Power flows from Region-2 to Region-1 = 75.38 MW

c) Maximum line capacity = 50 MW
Region-1

; ;
Region-2

; ;
Congestion rent: ( )

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

7 Solution:

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

ii) Congestion charge for customer at bus-3 = (30 – 20)*200 = 2000 $/h
FTR credit = 200*(30 – 20) = 2000 $/h
Net payment = 0 $/MWh

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

8 Solution:

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

East side:

DFEE = 1; GSFE = 0 (as East is the reference).

( )

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

West side

FTR credit = FTR amount * ( ) ( )

Total benefit to E and F = 1210.4 – 1068 = $ 142.4
Customer D:
No congestion rent.
FTR credit = FTR amount * ( ) ( )
Customer D will receive $ 1602 from transmission operator.

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

9 Solution:
a)

 With no transmission limit:

 With transmission limit:

o West side:

( )
Solving, we get:

o East side:

( ) ( )
Solving, we get:

b)
( )

( )

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

( )

Customer-X receives $1,079/hr

10 Solution:

Available Loading Capacity System or Area-1 to

System or Network
on Limiting Facility (ALC), Path ATC, Area-4
Path Response (%)
MW MW ATC
Area-1 5 70 1400
Area-2 10 200 2000
Area-3 14 130 928.6
Area-4 11 175 1590.9
Tie 1-2 20 400 2000 928.6 MW
Tie 1-3 80 1200 1500
Tie 2-3 15 250 1666.67
Tie 2-4 10 200 2000
Tie 3-4 90 900 1000

a) The transaction of 1000 MW between Area-1 to Area-4 is not feasible.

b) The ATC for the interconnection is 928.6 MW and the limiting facility of Area-3
determines the ATC.

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

11 Solution:

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ECE 666 Assignment 2 Solution Winter 2014

ii) ACE for both the areas will be zero as all generators are on AGC.
Thus, the loss of load in Area-A will be taken care of generators in that area, and generation in
area A will be 2900 MW with 3400 MW of load, while area B generation and loads, and the tie-
line power flow will remain unchanged.

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