ABSTRACT

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF STUDENTS WHOSE FAMILIES ARE

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM BENIFICIARIES

By: DANLHERY S. GREGORIOUS

MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION
There are number of students at Metro Manila College whose families are 4P’s beneficiaries who are willing to
share their lived experiences. Hence the researcher aimed to explore an in-depth analysis on their lived experiences
specifically on the insights and implications of the program. The result of the study would help in gathering data that
can be used as bases in enhancing the program effectiveness, policy development and management. The
phenomenological approach was used and samples were chosen through convenience sampling from the list of
beneficiaries. The co-researchers were informed personally from their respective classes to be part of this undertaking.
A consent letter was also secured from their parents since majority of the co-researchers are minors. The essential
requirements needed to be a bonafide beneficiaries such as attending family development sessions and seminars found
to be a quality time to bond with each family member; health check-ups and class attendance. Some benefits they get
from this program are use for education as this is the primary objective and able to buy simple things. Through this
program the beneficiaries became more intact and lived harmoniously. Parents of the beneficiaries took this opportunity
to alleviate their way-of-life by using the CCT wisely. Despite all struggles the beneficiaries had gone through, they find
simple ways to enjoy their life to the fullest. The 4Ps’ have a remarkable impact on the lives of the beneficiaries
particularly on education and health. The 4p’s helped many families especially in their day-to-day living and also a big
help for the country to alleviate poverty. The researcher is recommending this program of the government through the
DSWD and barangay to continue and institutionalize; and to provide more livelihood programs that help families not to
be dependent on CCT.

Key words : Conditional Cash grant( CCT) beneficiaries, Lived Experiences, Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program, Phenomenology, insights.

In the Philippines poverty has always remained a critical social

problem that calls to be addressed. Philippines' latest poverty line for
2014 marks a per capita income of 10,534 pesos a year. According to the
data collected by the National Statistical Coordination Board, more than
one-quarter (25.8%) of the population fell below the poverty line the first
semester of 2014, an approximate 4 per cent increase since 2013.
Tackling the worsening poverty situation is one of the
current government’s main anchors along with good governance.
The Philippine government in 2007 implemented the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program or well known as the 4P’s. The said program would
reach Filipinos below poverty line in order to help poor families and be
able to send their children at school and give them proper health service.
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4P’s is a human
development measure of the national government that provides
conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health,
nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18.(DSWD, n.d).

The number of students whose families are 4P’s beneficiaries at

Metro Manila College moved me to study their lived experience. In order
to found out the phenomena exist, as these Grade 12 students being in
their last year as beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer of the
government. Hence the researcher aimed to explore and make an in -
depth analysis on the lived experience of students belonging to the family
beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to gain insights that
may help to gather benchmark data that could be used as bases in
enhancing the program effectiveness, policy development and
management.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to explore and describe the lived experience of
students who belong to the family beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program
Specifically , it sought answers to the following questions;
1. What are the lived experiences of students who belonging to the family
beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program?
2. What insights can be drawn from their experiences?
3. What implications may the findings offer for the 4P’s policy
development and management?
RESEARCH DESIGN
The phenomenological approach is used for this study.
Phenomenology, rooted deep in the works of philosophers such as Kant,
Hegel and Mach, was formally introduced by Edmund Husserl at the
beginning of the twentieth century (Moran, 2000; Guignon, 2006).
Husserl became known as the founder, or pioneer, of phenomenology
(Moran, 2000; Moustakas, 1994) with a desire to convert philosophy into
a strict science (Guignon, 2006). Husserl believed the key to separating
science from philosophy was to direct attention toward meanings that
connect our experience of objects (Guignon, 2006). Phenomenological
principles assert that scientific investigation is valid when the information
gained comes about through rich description that allows for
understanding of the essences of experience (Moustakas, 1994).
Phenomenological research is a qualitative strategy in which the
researcher identifies the essence of human experiences about a
phenomenon as described by participants in a study (Creswell, 2009). In
this approach, the researcher focuses on a concept or phenomenon and
seeks to understand the meaning of experiences of individuals who have
experienced or “lived” the phenomenon. Phenomenology also employs
the use of bracketing where a researcher sets aside his or her knowledge
of and experiences related to the subject in order to “see things as they
appear, free from prejudgments and preconceptions” (Moustakas,1994).
The researcher is also present in the research in that he or she introduces
his or her personal understandings into the study.
Phenomenological research (Waters, 2016) describes a lived
experience of a phenomenon. As this is a qualitative analysis of narrative
data, methods, to analyze its data is quite different from more traditional
or quantitative method of research. Furthermore, Phenomenology
focused on the subjectivity of reality, continually pointing out the need of
to understand how humans view themselves and the world around them
(Willis, 2007).
SELECTION OF CO-RESEACHERS
The selection of co-researchers was done through Purposive
Sampling which is considered by Patton (2015) as the logic and power of
purposeful sampling lie in selecting information-rich cases for in-depth
study. Information-rich cases are those from which one can learn a great
deal about issues of central importance to the purpose of the inquiry.
Studying information-rich cases yields insights and in-depth
understanding. Patton (2015) further specifies that, according to his use
of the term, purposeful sampling applies specifically to qualitative
research,This involves identifying and selecting individuals or groups of
individuals that are especially knowledgeable about or experienced with a
phenomenon of interest (Cresswell & Plano Clark, 2011). In addition to
knowledge and experience, Bernard (2002) and Spradley (1979) note the
importance of availability and willingness to participate, and the ability to
communicate experiences and opinions in an articulate, expressive, and
reflective manner. This method is useful if a researcher wants to study “a
small subset of a larger population in which many members of the subset
are easily identified but the enumeration of all is nearly impossible”
(Babbie 1990). The researcher is then able to select co-researchers
based on internal knowledge of said characteristic.

RESEARCHER’S REFLECTION
The following themes emerged from the rigorous analysis of the
gathered data and they were supported with direct quotations from my
co-researchers
1. Hand-to-mouth existence. A hand-to-mouth existence is a
way of life in which you have hardly enough food or money to live on. The
worst-paid live a hand-to-mouth existence without medical or other
benefits. Most of the co-researchers experience the hardship in their
earliest part of their life where in they do not know where to lean on.
Co Researcher I caught my sympathy when she share her experience
before she was granted as 4P’s beneficiaries and said that she
experience to eat junk foods as their viands. Co- researcher B expound
what was life before in their province and how difficult for them to survive
each day. Co- researcher C recounts her story as being the oldest in the
family and as the youngest among siblings she experience hardships
since her father was the only one in the family who works for the. As they
experience to borrow money their aunt and grandma for the daily
expenses. Since her father’s income was exact or sometimes lacked for
their daily needs.
Co-Researcher D remember the time before they become 4P’s
beneficiary and said that their housing were evacuate because they were
informal settlers but since there houses were get demolished they need
to moved from a relocation site. And what they get there,was a house like
scrap since their walls were just sheet of galvanized metal.

Co-Researcher E narrated me the hardship of his parents.

when we were not yet a beneficiary of 4P’s my
mom would borrow money from different
persons since she did not have work. While my
father was a tricycle driver, and I knew his
hardships on how we get for living.
Co-Researcher H also experience hardships before although they
have for their basic needs such but they do not have savings for their
future Co-Researcher A and I added that they experience not to go to
school because of lack of allowances before. There were times that they
cannot went to school because they do not have money for allowances.
This was also the reason of Co-researcher A why he was frequently
absent before there were times that he will end up not going to school
since he do not have pocket money.
Co researcher J recounts the tragedy in there life when he remember
the hardship of life when the typhoon “Ondoy” hits them. His parents
were so depressed by that time and because of that he was not able to
go to school because they were very poor by that time since only his
mother had a job. His parents used to exchange words since they did not
have money then it lessen when we became 4P’s beneficiary

2. Close family ties.

Close family ties have become one of the most outlandish cultural
values of the Filipinos, one of their most precious traits. The Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program provides not just financial support but also
making the Filipino family beneficiaries to bond and promotes harmony at
home.
Co-Researcher C explicated that in terms of their family relationship,
were now more close to each other like best friends unlike before that
they do not have enough money they were times that there parents
quarrel to ecah other. Co Reseacher F added that because of the the
family development sessions they were able to be close to his father
Since he was not as close to each other he realized that he need to let
them feel that he loved them. 4P’s was not just for helps them to be
financial literate but it gives them emotionally and intellectually supports.
Co- Researcher G said that when it comes to family relationship they
were even get close since they have conversation regarding with his
studies which is important to the parents as they will uplift there status in
life.
Co-researcher H emphasized that within the family they were able to
have more bonding especially when they get the money. Sometimes after
they withdraw from the ATM her parents used to treat them and eat
outside.
While most of the family able to bond and getting closer to each other
by eating together outside when the money was release Co- Researcher
A share the things they used to do inside their home as he helped his
parents to decide and give suggestions to the family needs which is
unorthodox way to bond as a family.

3. Compliance to Conditional Cash Transfer.

The Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by
making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. The
government (or a charity) only transfers the money to persons who meet
certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public
schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving
vaccinations, or the like. These were the things that my co-researchers
and their family have done in order to sustain the benefits they had as
4P’s beneficiaries
Co-Researcher D said before her mother get the cash she need to
maintain her grades and was be able to have complete attendance so
that she could get the whole cash or even more than of it if my academic
performance was good and it serves a lot of motivation for them to have
money.
Co-Researcher B recounts the advantage of having conditional cash
transfer that help her to buy the school materials she needed and told me
how does her classmates envy her for her new school materials.
Co Researcher C and Co Researcher G said in her interview the things
they have done after getting the conditional cash transfer and Co
Researcher C explained that in every two months they were able to get
the money then after a week they went to clinic for the check-up, since
someone says that if they failed to do so the money they would receive
would be reduce.
Co Researcheer G explained that in exchange to the cash given they
need to comply with perfect attendance and be able to have check-up.
Co-Researcher F said that most of the money they received would go
to their daily needs such as for food and educational assistance and he
also noted that her mother also went to seminars or what they called
Family Development Session(FDS) since this was also part of the
conditionalities of the program. Co-Researcher H emphasized the
importance of the 4P’s by citing that the government just ask you to went
to school in return of their conditional cash transfer.
 4. Stepping-Stone
The road may be rough, the journey may be tough and the
experience may be bitter, but they are stepping stones to our future
thrones. Bamigboye Olurotimi. The co-researchers used this
opportunity to uplift their social status and even boost their
confidence.
Co-researcher B aforesaid that in their family huge changes came in
terms of the status in life because their parents used the money wisely.
Co-researcher C said that when the 4P’s came, they somewhat meets
their daily needs such as for their nutrition, health and education
assistance. Co Researcher E narrated that every two (2) months they
received money from the 4P’s and his mom do not spent that money until
she got capital to raise a mini sari sari store. Co Researcher H said when
they become 4P’s recipients he was able to join and participate in the
field trips. Then when she was on her11th grade I was also able to buy
books with the money allotted by 4P’s
Co Researcher I explicated that since there were beneficiaries it was a
great relief on their part since the government subsidies money that they
used for everyday needs. Co- Researcher J recounts when they were
become 4P’s beneficiary their life changed and slowly but surely
recovered because of the cash given to them.
Meanwhile Co-Researcher A used this opportunity not just for his
financial status but also to develop his personal skills and he added that
There were seminars that one of the topic includes socialization. These
seminars were not just for them to gain knowledge what was the 4P’s
and its purpose, it also a way for them, beneficiaries to develop there
very own skills because of these seminars given by the 4P’s they were
trained in public speaking and even represent his community in giving
reflections about 4Ps.

5. Change tack. To employ a different method or approach in

addressing a particular situation. My Co-researchers need to adjust
themselves to the environment they were since all of them were used to
be the public schools were in almost everything were free of charges.
Co- researcher B recounts her fear as she was going to transfer here
in Manila and this was her first time to study in a private school that is
why she was so nervous since then when she was here in Manila she
have so many what ifs in my mind that they said to me that the
curriculum is quite different from the school where she study before but
she was thinking that it was just time management and good study habit
that could help her to adjust not to mentioned the learning she have
learned in the seminars given by the 4Ps.
Co-researcher C told that patience is a virtue in the times where they
have nothing and the only thing they could do is to wait and borrow cash
from their relatives. Co researcher D emphasized that being 4P’s
beneficiary is not a lifelong experience so should think about your future
and prepared for it. For the 4P’s beneficiaries not to take it for granted
being a beneficiary is not for life-long it was a limited chance for them to
change the quality of life they have right now. It was not as always the
government would subsidized them and rely from them they should take
action for them to have a better life.
On the other hand Co researcher A and Co Researcher F said that it
was not just hard for themselves to adjust since thanks to the seminars
they undertaken as 4P’s beneficiary . Co Research G share that in order
for her to survive sometime as a senior high student she did not spent
her allowance just to buy a book. Co researcher H and Co
Researcher I told me the difference right now as to compared before that
everything in the public school was free of charge but now the books
were need to be paid of. Co Researcher J explained that even though
that he was in the private school the 4P’s still enabling him to survive his
studies.
6.Proper allocation of Resources. My co researchers able to tell
how their parents allocate properly the cash given to them and also share
some experiences that their fellow 4P’s beneficiary mi allocated the fund
and using it for their personal vices.
Co- researcher A told me an experience where in he advised his
fellow 4P’s not to use the money for his wants but rather use it in the
meaningful way. Co Researcher B told me how blessed they were that the
money was properly allocated to them unlike to other parents on their
area wherein it was used for gambling and other vices.
Co Researcher C and Co Researcher D has the same story on how
they allocated the money given to their family. Now that they were in
senior high school, it was a huge relief on their part since they used the
money for our expenses, pocket money and for transportation allowance.
It was really a big helped to them and to their siblings to finance their
education. Co-researcher E shares his mom able to save the money for
his education. That was why she conclude that the 4P’s have positive
impact to them since some of her expenses they rely it on the cash that
was given to their family.
Co Researcher G said that the 4P’s was a huge assistance for
them because when her mother receives the cash their allowances
increase and it helps her to save money. …Then when it comes to her
education she was able to buy new school materials.
7.Simple happiness. The co-researchers despite of the hardships
they encountered in their lives they still search for happiness. The
happiness that may be seen not in material things but in simple things
that matter them most. No matter what comes at you in life, find joy in
simplicity
 Co Researcher A told in his interview that happiness is seeing
someone appreciate you and making new friends from all walks in life. He
also explained that helping other friends in 4P’s makes him happily
satisfied. There were many joys in being 4P’s beneficiary for example was
you would be able to meet and greet different persons from all walks of
life and you would also know yourself others would appreciate you and
tell that you were good enough. The feeling is very different when you
help others, when you impart knowledge to them. Helping each other
would be the thing I would miss most because I was happy with that
setting.
Co researcher B said that the joy of being in the 4P’s was when they
release the money from the 4P’s my mother used to buy delicious dishes,
because knowing her she was so strict in budgeting our expenses that is
why I was very happy because we were be able to eat hearty.
Everyone is happy also even the motorist they earn a lot because many of
us beneficiaries would went to town to buy groceries and you can see
that everyone is happy
Co Researcher D with joys in her eyes explained me that the joy of
being a 4P’s beneficiary was very skin-deep because every time their
mother gets the cash she always buys in Jollibee because she knows that
was her favorite food. Aside from that she could saw in their community
that they were very happy and they were hand in hand went to Deparo to
get what they called “dutdot” (the locals used to call the 4P’s cash). ]
Co Researcher F said that the 4P’s is not just the all about the
money itself but the happiness that brought out by the family
activities that brings them more intact in his perspective that was a
simple thing but a great source of happiness.
Co Researcher G share one of the best thing that 4P’s gave to their
life was to have a sack of rice. That for some was nothing but everything
for those families who can just afford a half or one kilo of rice.
Meanwhile Co Reseacher H was happy to be the part of the
community development of their place since 4P’s was not just for the
family per se but also to the social development and uplifting the social
condition of its community.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Based from the experiences narrated and after thorough analysis of
the data I hereby present the summary of my findings.
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries were part
of the poorest of the poor before they have been part of the said
program. It was shown to their lived experiences that they experiences
hardships in their life. A “hand-to-mouth existence” was a thing that my
co-researchers experience since the income of their family is just enough
or sometimes even insufficient for there primary needs such as food,
water, shelter and education.
It was found out that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
affects positively the family orientation of Filipino families. It was part of
Filipino culture that slowly gone due to the fact that in order to survive
from the daily needs parents wer required to have a job in order to
sustain financial needs of the family forgetting the emotional and mora
needs of the children. On the other hand due to the Family Development
Sessions and seminars given to the beneficiaries they found quality time
to bond together with their family members.
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries were
able to comply with the conditions given to them by the government.
Basically their mother was the one who attended the Family Development
Sessions and the students were sometimes substitutes to their mothers.
The students also went to clinics for their check-ups, and of course they
also have one to three absences only in term of attendance in the class.
The beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
used this opportunity to uplift there social status in their community.
Huge changes may be seen on their way of living nowadays as to
compare before they were part of the said program.
The students were enabling to adapt in sudden changes in
terms of their financial needs. Since before they were used to be in the
public schools were in they do not need to paid off for their books, tuition
fees, and other school needs but now they need to budget for their books
since in private school where they were enrolled it was not free. Then of
course since the school is far from their houses some of them need also
to adjust for their transportation allowances.
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program students together
with their parents used the money for the education of their children
which was really part of the program. The money they received was
intended to the education support of the students because of that the
students able to buy books, school supplies and they have extra
allowances for their food and transportation. Meanwhile some of them
notice that the other beneficiaries was not able to allocate properly their
conditional cash transfer because they used that in gambling and other
vices which my co researcher thank because their parents was not to
used with that.
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries was
not really after the money they just receive but to the happiness they
acquire during the time the government gives them the conditional cash
transfer wherein they appreciate the extended hand of the
administration. They were happy on the simple things like foods which
they cannot afford to buy before they become beneficiaries.
SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION

I choose a ballet dancer to be the symbol of my study. I can

describe my co-researchers as what are characteristics of a ballet dancer.
We will start with the most obvious first: the external. A dancer must
have the proper physical build. Dancers are slender and swan-like, with
long, lean limbs and perfect proportions. They cannot be too tall or too
short. Basically, they are perfect. As like what my co-researchers in their
early days they were part of the vaccinations, dental check ups and
feeding programs. It was for my co-researchers for them to be able to
perform well in their elementary days since health is wealth.
There are other, not-so-obvious physical traits that ballet demands:
flexibility turnout, or outward rotation of the hips, and supple, beautifully
arched feet… every dancer knows how important it is to have “good feet”.
Being in the private school my co-researchers learn how to be flexible. It
was a great experience at this early part of their life so that it would be
easy for them to adjust in the latter part of their life. Furthermore
determination means that defeat is eliminated from your vocabulary. You
understand deep in your core that you will never give up. Just like what
my co-researchers did, that despite of the hardships, depression and
stress they encountered, here they are that it was the determination
that’s keeps them on going no matter what.
Discipline means applying yourself, training by regular instruction
and exercise or to bring about a state of order and control. Both are true
for ballet dancers as same with my co-researchers. Discipline keeps them
going on track and makes them still beneficiaries because they need to
comply with the conditions of the conditional cash transfer of Department
of Social Welfare and Development.
The final piece of success is an action plan. Once a dancer decides to
pursue to a career (usually during the early teens that most of my
co-researchers starts to be part of 4P’s) it’s time to map that plan. Of
course, the plan can change over time and often does. First choose a
professional ballet school. My co-researchers choose Metro Manila
College as their alma mater for Senior High School which helps them
provide quality education which they needed and helps them to provide a
brighter future.
The ballet dancers will not be able to dance without this
characteristics so as my co-researchers cannot sustain the
conditionalities given to them. Just put it in your mind that what ever
hardships that the world puts you be a ballet dancer. A ballet dancer that
is able to dance the challenges of life with just proper dose of
determination and discipline.

IMPLICATIONS
Based on the summary of findings, the following implications
are drawn.
Living in poverty affects every aspect of people’s lives –
their health, wellbeing and quality of life.The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program beneficiaries before were part of the poorest of the poor and
was not able to attend and/or buy school supplies which were essentials
for their studies.
Close family ties is a pillar of a strong and progressive society.
It contributes to an upright society and community. The activities that
integrated to the program make the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
beneficiaries more intact and lived with harmony. The 4P’s students were
able to communicate with their parents openly regarding to their school
needs.
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) as conditional cash
transfer (CCT) program that transfers cash to beneficiary families if they
follow the conditionalities. Just like other CCT programs, the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program aims in reducing and alleviating existing
povertyby supplementing the income of the poor to address their current
consumption poverty, especially in the education and health of their
family members while making them follow certain conditionalities that
can boost their human development investment and ensure its
compliance so that they can have more opportunities in breaking
theintergenerational cycle of poverty in the long run. The Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries’ students as well as parents
compliance to the conditions shows their cooperation to the government.
Since non-compliance to the conditionalities of the program means no
grant at all.
The parents of students whose families are Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program beneficiaries used this opportunity to come up with their
social status in life and able to make their life more convenient before by
using the cash given to them and allocate it properly and used it for the
future of their children.
Adjustments to the everyday needs make the 4P’s students more
matured enough and flexibility was the key to some situations wherein
they need to be resourceful. The adjustments done by the students at
this part of their life makes them more prepared in future.
The parents of students’ beneficiaries of 4P’s were able to allocate
the money and spent it to the education and health of their children. The
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program through the Family Development
Sessions taught the parents how to budget for their everyday needs.
Happiness is a choice not an option for the students. Despite of
the hardships and problems they encounter the students whose families
are Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries find ways in simple
things how to enjoy their life to the fullest. It was not just through
material things that make them smile it was just through the benefits
they received that makes them inspired.

RECOMMENDATION
Th following are hereby recommended based on the given implications
Student-beneficiaries of 4p’s, for them to continue their efforts in
uplifting their social status by going to school and perform well in their
studies.
Faculty members, should take extra effort to study the
disposition of their students under the 4Ps. Seminars or a collection of
academic resources my help to understand these student’s nature.
4P’s Parents, to continue allocated the cash given to them to the
financial needs of the family and not use the cash in vices and personal
use that this may affect their status as beneficiary.
School Administrators, should provide programs that would
help not only the students but also parents of the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program for their future careers and give deserving students to be
part of their institution.
Barangay Officials, come up with long term plan that would
eliminate or reduce by half the poverty in their respective community and
also giving more seminars that would help the families to lived in their
own.
 Department of Social Welfare and Development , for
them to provide more livelihood program that would help the families not
to be more dependent to the conditional cash transfer.
Policy-makers, for them seriously studied for institutionalization in
law as a major commitment of the national government, regardless of
whose administration.
Future researchers, conduct a follow up study about the students
or families involved in this study and find out the long term impact of 4p’s
on the lives of the families and learners under the said program.

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