GPWS CBT

CONTROLS & NORMAL ABNORMAL
GPWS 1 of 35 OVERVIEW
INDICATORS OPERATION OPERATION
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Welcome to this presentation

of the A320 Series Ground
Proximity Warning System
(GPWS).
The system is designed to

avoid controlled flight into
terrain and to give the crew
enough time to perform an
avoidance maneuver.
Let’s start with a quick

overview of the system.
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SECTION - OVERVIEW MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The GPWS includes the basic

Ground Proximity Warning
System (GPWS) plus
“enhanced” features.
For simplicity, we will refer to

the entire system as GPWS
throughout this lesson.
The enhanced features are

independent of the basic
GPWS. Therefore, the basic
GPWS will function even if a
fault exists that effects the
enhanced features.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Excessive terrain closure rate Excessive rate of descent
The basic GPWS relies heavily BAD BAD

upon radio altitude to provide “Terrain, Terrain” “Sink Rate”
aural and visual warnings for
its protection modes.
WORSE WORSE
For this reason, the basic “Pull Up” “Pull Up”
GPWS is limited in its
protection capability. It cannot
predict rapidly rising terrain
Unsafe terrain clearance when not in the landing
ahead of the aircraft in a timely
configuration
manner.
BAD BAD
Some of the basic GPWS
“Too Low Gear” “Too Low Flaps”
warnings are listed here.
WORSE WORSE
Click on any GPWS “Too Low Terrain” “Too Low Terrain”
warning on this slide to
hear an audio sample.
Altitude loss after takeoff or Descent below glideslope
go around
BAD
“Glideslope”
“Don’t Sink”
WORSE
“GLIDESLOPE!”
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The enhanced features are

predictive. The system “looks
ahead” to provide the crew
with early awareness of a
potential terrain conflict.
Instead of relying solely on

radio altitude, the enhanced
GPWS uses an improved
altitude calculation that
predicts terrain conflicts in a
more timely manner.
Terrain information is visually

displayed on each ND, similar
to a weather radar display.
The image is color coded

based upon the relative height
of terrain above or below the
aircraft’s altitude.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The enhanced GPWS uses

position information from FMGC
1 and an internal worldwide
terrain database to predict
conflicts.
The enhanced features include:

• Terrain Awareness Display
• Terrain Clearance Floor
• Runway Field Clearance Floor
We will take a closer look at

these features in the NORMAL
OPERATION section.
That concludes the OVERVIEW

section. Lets’ look at some
controls and indicators.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
GPWS controls are located on

the overhead panel.
Before flight, the GPWS panel

should be “lights out”. This
indicates that the system is
functioning normally.
The pbs on this panel are used

to deactivate or modify certain
warnings.
Let’s take a closer look at

these pbs.
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SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The TERR pb allows the crew

to deactivate the enhanced
features.
Keep in mind that the

enhanced features are
independent of the basic
GPWS.
Selecting the TERR pb OFF

only deactivates the enhanced
features. It does not affect the
basic GPWS.
We will now select the TERR
pb OFF.
The white OFF light illuminates

in the TERR pb and a NAV
GPWS TERR DET FAULT
message is displayed on the
E/WD.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The SYS pb is used to

deactivate the basic GPWS
modes.
All basic GPWS modes are

available with the pb in a lights
out condition.
Selecting the SYS pb OFF

deactivates the basic GPWS.
We will now select the SYS pb

OFF.
All basic GPWS warnings are

now deactivated.
NOTE: If ILS receiver 1

fails, glideslope warnings
are deactivated. The
FAULT light does not
illuminate and a GPWS
FAULT is not triggered.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The G/S MODE pb is used to

inhibit nuisance glideslope
warnings (e.g., glideslope
NOTAM’d unreliable).
Selecting the G/S MODE pb

OFF deactivate the glideslope
warnings.
We will now select the G/S

MODE pb OFF.
Glideslope warnings are now

deactivated.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Due to certain malfunctions, it

may be necessary to land with
the flaps in an abnormal
position.
Selecting the FLAP MODE pb

OFF deactivates all flap
position related warnings.
We will now select the FLAP

MODE pb OFF.
Flap warnings are now

deactivated and the FLAP
MODE OFF memo is
displayed on the E/WD.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The LDG FLAP 3 pb is used if

the crew intends to land
FLAPS 3.
This modifies the flap warning

to occur based on FLAPS 3
instead of FLAPS FULL.
We will now select the LDG

FLAP 3 pb ON.
The white ON light illuminates

in the LDG FLAP 3 pb and the
GPWS FLAP 3 memo is
displayed on the E/WD.
If the crew attempts to land in

a configuration other than
FLAPS 3, a warning will be
generated.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The red PULL UP or amber

GPWS lights on the forward
instrument panel illuminate if a
warning occurs.
Light illumination is dependent

upon the type of warning.
Certain warnings cause the

PULL UP lights to illuminate.
Certain other warnings cause

the GPWS lights to illuminate.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Both lights are also pbs. A test

of the system can be initiated
by pushing either pb.
Pushing a button briefly

causes the lights to illuminate
and some of the aural
warnings to sound.
If a pb is pushed and held, all

of the aural warnings will
sound.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Two loudspeakers, located on

the lower outboard side of
each pilot’s instrument panel,
broadcast aural warnings.
These warnings are provided

even if the loudspeaker
volume is turned off.
The audio volume of these

messages cannot be
controlled using the
loudspeaker volume knobs.
It is important to note that

crews should react
immediately to any GPWS
warning without attempting to
assess its validity.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The enhanced features

provide the ability to display
terrain images on the NDs.
Terrain is selected for display

on the respective ND using the
TERR ON ND pbs on each
side of the forward instrument
panel.
If a terrain caution or warning

occurs, terrain is displayed on
the NDs automatically, even if
the TERR ON ND pbs were
not selected ON.
We will cover the terrain

display on the NDs in the
NORMAL OPERATION
section. And that’s where
we’re going now.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In the NORMAL OPERATION

section, we will discuss GPWS
caution and warning messages.
We will also learn more about

the system’s enhanced
features.
We are inflight and taking in

some interesting scenery.
Let’s take a look at how this

terrain might be displayed on
the ND.
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SECTION - NORMAL OPERATION MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
We have selected the TERR

ON ND pb ON for you.
The terrain display appears

similar to the radar display, but
there are some key
differences.
The terrain display has a

different image texture than a
radar image.
The terrain display sweeps

(i.e., updates) from the center
of the ND out.
TERR is displayed in the lower

right corner of the NDs instead
of radar TILT information.
Terrain information is displayed

on the ND in ARC or ROSE
modes.
Terrain cannot be displayed in

the PLAN mode.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The terrain elevation

surrounding the aircraft is color
coded.
The terrain is displayed in

various densities of green,
yellow, red, or magenta,
depending upon the threat.
Areas that are amber or red + 2000 ft

indicate terrain that is above
the aircraft’s altitude and must
be avoided. + 1000 ft
Aircraft elevation
- 250 ft when gear down
- 500 ft when gear up
- 1000 ft
- 2000 ft
Unknown areas
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The brightness of the terrain

image on the ND is controlled
using the outer ring of the ND
brightness control knob.
The outer ring is also used to

control the brightness of the
weather radar image.
The inner knob is used to

control the brightness of other
items displayed on the ND.
If the terrain / radar brightness

is set too low and a terrain
alert occurs, the terrain display
may not be visible.
If terrain is displayed, either

automatically or manually, the
radar display is suppressed.
Let’s discuss automatic terrain

display now.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The enhanced portion of the

GPWS calculates caution and
warning envelopes based on
aircraft position, the terrain
database, closure rate with
terrain, and several other
factors.
A terrain caution is generated

WARNING
if impact with terrain is
ENVELOPE
predicted to occur within
approximately 60 seconds.
A terrain warning is generated

if impact with terrain is TERRAIN FLOOR
CAUTION
predicted to occur within ENVELOPE
approximately 30 seconds.
The caution and warning

envelopes are modified during WARNING DISTANCE
turns to look along the

aircraft’s flight path.
CAUTION DISTANCE
Terrain cautions and warnings

result in “pop-up” displays of
terrain on the NDs. This is
known as the Terrain
Awareness Display feature.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
If the caution envelope is

penetrated:
The areas which violate the

caution envelope are
automatically displayed in solid
yellow on the NDs.
An amber TERR AHEAD

message is displayed on the
NDs.
A repeated “CAUTION
TERRAIN” aural alert is
generated.
The red PULL UP lights

illuminate.
The weather radar display is

suppressed.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
If the terrain warning envelope

is penetrated:
The areas which violate the

warning envelope are
automatically displayed in solid
red on the NDs.
A red TERR AHEAD message

is displayed on the NDs.
A repeated “TERRAIN
TERRAIN, PULL UP” aural
warning is generated.
The red PULL UP lights

illuminate.
The weather radar display is

suppressed.
The crew must react

immediately without attempting
to asses its validity.
Let’s discuss GPWS warning

recovery now.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
If a terrain warning or caution

occurs with an ND in PLAN
mode, a TERR: CHANGE
MODE message is displayed
on the respective ND in red or
amber as appropriate.
Terrain warnings and cautions

can only be displayed with a
range of less than 160 NM TERR: CHANGE MODE
selected.
If a range of 160 or 320 NM is

selected and a terrain warning
or caution occurs, a TERR:
REDUCE RANGE message is
displayed on the respective
ND in red or amber as
appropriate.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The terrain display is only

intended as a situational
awareness tool.
It may not provide the

accuracy on which to solely
base terrain avoidance
maneuvers.
For this reason, the terrain

avoidance maneuver is based
upon a straight ahead, wings
level, maximum performance
climb.
It is also important to note that

the database, display, and
alerting do not currently take
into account man-made
obstructions.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Flight crews are authorized to

deviate from their current ATC
clearance to the extent
necessary to comply with a
GPWS warning.
The terrain avoidance

maneuver must be applied
immediately if a warning
occurs during night or IMC
conditions.
During daylight VMC

conditions, with terrain and
obstacles clearly in sight, the
alert may be considered
cautionary.
Take positive corrective action

until the alert ceases or a safe
trajectory is ensured.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The terrain avoidance

maneuver is mandatory if the
“PULL UP” or “TERRAIN
TERRAIN PULL UP” aural
warnings sound.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
There are other GPWS aural

warnings that do not require
the full terrain avoidance
maneuver.
In most cases, a correction to

the aircraft’s flight path or
configuration is all that is
required.
In addition to the Terrain

Awareness Display feature,
another enhanced feature is
something known as the
Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF).
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The Terrain Clearance Floor

(TCF) is an enhanced feature
that provides alerts if the
aircraft prematurely descends
below a normal approach
slope. Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF)
Runway locations are

contained in the database.
The system creates a

clearance floor overlaying
existing terrain and spreading
outward from the edge of each
700’ AGL
runway. 400’ AGL
Actual, not predicted altitude is RUNWAY

used in generating warnings. 5 NM 12 NM 15 NM
If a descent below this

clearance floor is detected, the
warning “TOO LOW
TERRAIN” sounds, regardless
of aircraft configuration.
Advance to see what happens

if the aircraft penetrates the
TCF.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The Runway Field Clearance

Floor (RFCF) is another
enhanced function.
It provides protection for Runway Field Clearance Floor (RFCF)

runways that are significantly
higher than the surrounding
terrain.
If a descent below this

clearance floor is detected, the
warning “TOO LOW RFCF ALERT AREA
TERRAIN” sounds, regardless RUNWAY
of aircraft configuration.
If the aircraft penetrates the WARNING AREA

warning area, a “PULL UP”
aural warning will be
annunciated.
Advance now to see what

happens if the aircraft
penetrates the runway field
clearance floor.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In this section, we will take a

look at some failures and how
they affect the GPWS.
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SECTION - ABNORMAL OPERATION MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The enhanced functions of the

GPWS are automatically
deselected if aircraft position,
provided by FMGC 1, is not
meeting the minimum
accuracy requirements.
TERR STBY is displayed on

the E/WD and the terrain
display is deselected until a
higher level of navigation
accuracy is restored.
The TERR STBY message is

inhibited above 8000’ AGL.
In this situation, the basic

GPWS functions are still
available.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
If the enhanced features fail,

the amber FAULT light
illuminates in the TERR pb.
It is accompanied by an ECAM
message. Terrain will no longer
be displayed on the NDs.
In this case, selecting the

TERR pb OFF has no effect.
We will now select the TERR

pb OFF.
The terrain display, terrain

clearance floor, and runway
field clearance floor functions
are all lost.
The basic GPWS modes are

still available.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
If the basic GPWS fails, the

amber FAULT light illuminates
in the SYS pb. The FAULT
light is accompanied by an
ECAM message.
We will now select the SYS pb
OFF.
The basic GPWS functions are

not available; however, the
enhanced features remain.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
There are some minor

differences in GPWS
operation.
Let’s start with the visual

indications.
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SECTION - DIFFERENCES MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The visual warning lights are

different on some aircraft.
The red GPWS and PULL UP

lights function essentially the
same.
The amber G/S light

illuminates if a the aircraft is Some aircraft
detected below the glideslope.
It will be accompanied by an
aural “GLIDE SLOPE”
warning.
Most aircraft
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Some of the aircraft in the fleet

do not have the Runway Field
Clearance Floor (RFCF)
feature installed.
Runway Field Clearance Floor (RFCF)
RFCF ALERT AREA

RUNWAY
WARNING AREA
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
EXIT TO
SECTION - QUIZ MAIN MENU
GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
With the WX Radar switched on, why

is there a TERR AHEAD indication on
the ND?
It is an EGPWS indication that there is

terrain ahead and is a prompt to switch
from WX RADAR to TERR ON ND.

terrain ahead but the WX RADAR display
has suppressed the TERR ON ND display.

terrain ahead. The WX RADAR has been
suppressed by the TERR ON ND display.
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
With the WX Radar switched on, why

is there a TERR AHEAD indication on
the ND?

terrain ahead and is a prompt to switch
from WX RADAR to TERR ON ND.

terrain ahead but the WX RADAR display
has suppressed the TERR ON ND display.

terrain ahead. The WX RADAR has been
suppressed by the TERR ON ND display.
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
What is indicated by the TERR STBY

message on the E/WD?
It is an indication that the terrain database

is in a standby mode due to interference
from obstacles.
It is an indication that the aircraft’s position

accuracy is not sufficient to allow the
enhanced functions to operate.

has completely failed.
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
What is indicated by the TERR STBY

message on the E/WD?

is in a standby mode due to interference
from obstacles.
It is an indication that the aircraft’s position

accuracy is not sufficient to allow the
enhanced functions to operate.

has completely failed.
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The FAULT light illuminates in the

TERR pb. Which statement is
correct?
The enhanced features have failed, but

basic GPWS is still available.
The basic GPWS functions have failed,

but the enhanced features are still
available.
The basic GPWS and enhanced

functions are not available.
The basic GPWS functions are not

available.
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The FAULT light illuminates in the

TERR pb. Which statement is
correct?
The enhanced features have failed, but

basic GPWS is still available.
The basic GPWS functions have failed,

but the enhanced features are still
available.
The basic GPWS and enhanced

functions are not available.
The basic GPWS functions are not

available.
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Which pushbutton would be used to

deactivate glide slope warnings when
flight below the glide slope is intentional
(i.e., localizer only approaches)?
SYS pb
G/S MODE pb
FLAP MODE pb
LDG FLAP 3 pb
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Which pushbutton would be used to

deactivate glide slope warnings when
flight below the glide slope is intentional
(i.e., localizer only approaches)?
SYS pb
G/S MODE pb
FLAP MODE pb
LDG FLAP 3 pb
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
What is the purpose of the FLAP

MODE pb?
If selected OFF, it prevents the EGPWS

from providing warnings when a landing
is made with FLAPS 3.
If selected OFF, it allows the EGPWS to

activate all flap warnings when a landing
is made with less than flaps full.

from providing flap warnings when a
landing is made with less than flaps full.
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GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
What is the purpose of the FLAP

MODE pb?

from providing warnings when a landing
is made with FLAPS 3.
If selected OFF, it allows the EGPWS to

activate all flap warnings when a landing
is made with less than flaps full.

from providing flap warnings when a
landing is made with less than flaps full.
EXIT TO
GPWS OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
You have completed the

EGPWS lesson.
Click here to
exit to the main menu.
EXIT TO

GPWS CBT

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GPWS CBT

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CONTROLS & NORMAL ABNORMAL

Welcome to this presentation

The system is designed to

Let’s start with a quick

The GPWS includes the basic

For simplicity, we will refer to

The enhanced features are

Excessive terrain closure rate Excessive rate of descent

The basic GPWS relies heavily BAD BAD

The enhanced features are

Instead of relying solely on

Terrain information is visually

The image is color coded

The enhanced GPWS uses

The enhanced features include:

We will take a closer look at

That concludes the OVERVIEW

GPWS controls are located on

Before flight, the GPWS panel

The pbs on this panel are used

Let’s take a closer look at

The TERR pb allows the crew

Keep in mind that the

Selecting the TERR pb OFF

The white OFF light illuminates

The SYS pb is used to

All basic GPWS modes are

Selecting the SYS pb OFF

We will now select the SYS pb

All basic GPWS warnings are

NOTE: If ILS receiver 1

The G/S MODE pb is used to

Selecting the G/S MODE pb

We will now select the G/S

Glideslope warnings are now

Due to certain malfunctions, it

Selecting the FLAP MODE pb

We will now select the FLAP

Flap warnings are now

The LDG FLAP 3 pb is used if

This modifies the flap warning

We will now select the LDG

The white ON light illuminates

If the crew attempts to land in

The red PULL UP or amber

Light illumination is dependent

Certain warnings cause the

Certain other warnings cause

Both lights are also pbs. A test

Pushing a button briefly

If a pb is pushed and held, all

Two loudspeakers, located on

These warnings are provided

The audio volume of these

It is important to note that

The enhanced features

Terrain is selected for display

If a terrain caution or warning

We will cover the terrain

In the NORMAL OPERATION

We will also learn more about

We are inflight and taking in

Let’s take a look at how this

We have selected the TERR