General Chemistry 2

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Determining Heat of Reaction through Calorimetry

INTRODUCTION

Chemical Reactions involves energy. Exothermic chemical reactions release energy (heat) to the surroundings while
endothermic chemical reactions absorb energy from their surroundings. This causes enthalpy change. Enthalpy change is
measured through the change in temperature of the system and the surroundings.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

• differentiate closed system from open system; and

 Calculate for the standard heat of neutralization of 1 M sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

MATERIALS

A. Reagents B. Apparatus

 1 M Sodium hydroxide • Beaker

 1 M hydrochloric acid • Thermometer
• calorimeter

PROCEDURES

A. Effect of concentration

1. Put 50 mL of 1M hydrochloric acid in the calorimeter and measure the temperature. Record your reading.
2. Put 50 mL of 1M sodium hydroxide in a beaker. Measure and record the temperature.

3. Carefully, mix the sodium hydroxide from the beaker to the hydrochloric acid in the calorimeter.
4. Quickly but carefully cover the calorimeter. Measure the temperature of the reaction every 30 seconds until 240 seconds. Stir
the mixture occasionally using the stirrer or thermometer if your calorimeter do not have stirrer.
5. Using the formula of dilution, prepare 50 mL of 0.5 M of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

6. Repeat step 1-4 using 0.5 M of the reagents.

6. Tabulate and graph your data.

DATA AND OBSERVATIONS

QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH

1. Discuss the parts of your set-up. What are included as the system and which are the surroundings?
2. Why is it important that these reactions should take place in a calorimeter? What would happen if we performed the
reactions in a beaker?
3. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain.
4. Calculate for the heat of neutralization for the different concentrations.

GENERALIZATION

References: ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Determining Heat of Reaction through Calorimetry