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Publicat de
Universitatea Tehnică „Gheorghe Asachi” din Iaşi
Tomul LIX (LXIII), Fasc. 5, 2013
Secţia
CONSTRUCŢII. ARHITECTURĂ
1. Introduction
Construction works, especially those in the urban areas, often require,
due to the limited space, the execution of the related excavations near the
*
Corresponding author: e-mail: bteodoru@ce.tuiasi.ro
172 Iancu-Bogdan Teodoru, Anghel Stanciu, Irina Lungu and Florin Bejan
3.1. Geometry
Prior to the main calculations, the initial condition of the soil must be
determined. This includes both the initial stress state and the initial water
pressures within the soil. The initial stress state was prescribed in terms of the
earth pressure coefficient at rest, k0 = 1 – sinφ', and fully drained conditions
were assumed, with zero pore pressures everywhere.
3.5. Design Approaches with Eurocode 7
Table 2
Design Approaches for ULS According to Eurocode 7
Design Approach Actions Soil Parameters Resistances
DA1-1 A1 M1 R1
DA1-2 A2 M2 R1
DA2 A1 M1 R2
Struct.1): A1
DA3 M2 R3
Geot.2): A2
1)
Structural action: action from a supported structure applied directly to
the wall.
2)
Geotechnical action: action by the ground on the wall.
Table 3
Partial Factors for Actions According to Eurocode 7
Actions, γF
Design Approach Permanent Variable2), γQ
1)
unfavourable , γG
DA1-1 1.35 1.5
DA1-2 1.00 1.30
DA2 1.35 1.50
Struct.3) 1.35 1.50
DA3
Geot.4) 1.00 1.30
1)
Favourable permanent action: γG = 1.00.
2)
When unfavourable; favourable action should not be considered.
3)
Structural action: action from a supported structure applied
directly to the wall.
4)
Geotechnical action: action by the ground on the wall.
178 Iancu-Bogdan Teodoru, Anghel Stanciu, Irina Lungu and Florin Bejan
Table 4
Partial Factors for Soil Properties and Resistances According to Eurocode 7
Soil properties, γM
Design Approach Resistances, γR
tanφ' c' cu
DA1-1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
DA1-2 1.25 1.25 1.40 1.00
DA2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.40
DA3 1.25 1.25 1.40 1.00
Table 5
Comparison of Design Bending Moments and Shear Forces for
Three Design Approaches
Design bending Design shear force,
Design Approach
moment, Md , [kN.m] Td , [kN]
DA1-C1 377 × 1.35 = 509 155 × 1.35 = 209
Method 1 601 224
DA1-C2
Method 2 598 219
DA2 377 × 1.35 = 509 155 × 1.35 = 209
Method 1 633 239
DA3
Method 2 630 237
4. Conclusions
Application of the finite element method to ULS design of a simple
excavation supported by cantilevered wall investigating all the design
approaches according to Eurocode 7 has been presented. The results are
reasonably consistent with respect to the design values of the bending moments
and shear forces, at least for this particular example.
This paper aims to demonstrate how implement the concept of partial
factors of safety, as established in Eurocode 7, in finite element software, to
perform geotechnical ultimate limit state design calculations.
180 Iancu-Bogdan Teodoru, Anghel Stanciu, Irina Lungu and Florin Bejan
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*
* * Eurocode 7 Part 1, General Rules CEN/TC 250/SC7. EN 1997-1, European
Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 2004.