Solutions to SAJC H2 Maths PRELIM EXAM 2010

Paper 1

S/N Solutions
1 Let un = an 3 + bn 2 + cn + d
3 2
a (1) + b (1) + c (1) + d = 63
u1 = 63 :
a + b + c + d = 63 − (1)
3 2
a ( 2 ) + b ( 2 ) + c (2) + d = 116
u2 = 116 :
8a + 4b + 2c + d = 116 − (2)
3 2
a ( 3) + b ( 3) + c(3) + d = 171
u3 = 171 :
27a + 9b + 3c + d = 171 − (3)
3 2
a ( 4 ) + b ( 4 ) + c (4) + d = 234
u4 = 234 :
64a + 16b + 4c + d = 234 − (4)
Using the GC APPL to solve (1), (2), (3), (4) simultaneously, we get:
a = 1, b = −5, c = 61, d = 6
un = n3 − 5n 2 + 61n + 6

3 2
Hence u50 = ( 50 ) − 5 ( 50 ) + 61 ( 50 ) + 6 = 115556

2 1− x 2
≤ x −1 , x ≠
2 − 3x 3
1− x
+1− x ≤ 0
2 − 3x
1 − x + (1 − x )(2 − 3 x )
≤0
2 − 3x
(1 − x)(1 + 2 − 3 x )
≤0
2 − 3x
(1 − x)(3 − 3 x )
≤0
2 − 3x
3(1 − x) 2
≤0
2 − 3x
3(1 − x ) 2 (2 − 3 x) ≤ 0

2 1
3

2
x>
3
2
Hence, to solve 1 − x 2 ≤ x 2 − 1 .
2 − 3x
2
Replace x by x ,

SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 1 of 10

 2
x2 >
3
2
x2 − > 0
3
 2  2
 x − 

x+  > 0
 3  3 
2 2
x<− or x>
3 3

3 V = ( Base Area ) × height

1 
2 3 =  x 2 sin 60°  × h
2 
(Note: some students might use Pythagoras Thm or Trigo. to find base area.)
1 3
2 3 =  x2 × h
2 2 

8
h = 2 (shown)
x

Total cost of constructing prism,

C = 1× ( edges ) + 2 3 ( 2 × triangles ) + 2 ( 3 × rectangles )
 1 3 
= ( 3h + 6 x ) + 2 3  2  x 2   + 2 ( 3xh )
 2
  2  

  8    1 3    8 
=  3  2  + 6 x  + 2 3  2  x 2 
 + 2  3x  2  
 x    2 2   x 
  
24 48
= 2 + 6 x + 3x2 +
x x
= 3 x + 6 x + 48 x + 24 x −2
2 −1

dC
= 6 x + 6 − 48 x −2 − 48 x −3 = 0
dx
dC
=0
dx
6 x + 6 − 48 x −2 − 48 x −3 = 0
6 x 4 + 6 x 3 − 48 x − 48 = 0
6 x 3 ( x + 1) − 48( x + 1) = 0
(6 x 3 − 48)( x + 1) = 0
6 x 3 = 48 or x = −1( rejected )
x=2
2 −1 −2
C = 3 ( 2 ) + 6 ( 2 ) + 48 ( 2 ) + 24 ( 2 )
= 12 + 12 + 24 + 6
= 54
SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 2 of 10
 Minimum cost C is $54.

d 2C −3 −4
2
= 6 + 96 ( 2 ) + 144 ( 2 ) > 0
dx

4(a) w2 = 3 + 4i
Let w = x + iy
( x + iy ) 2 = 3 + 4i
x 2 + 2 xyi − y 2 = 3 + 4i
x 2 − y 2 = 3 ----- (1)
2 xy = 4 ----- (2)
2
From eq (2): y =
x
2
2
Sub into eq (1): x −   = 3 ⇒ x 4 − 3 x 2 − 4 = 0
2
x
Solving, we get x = ±2 , y = ±1
Hence w = ± (2 + i )

Let z 4 = −16
(b)
z 4 = 16eiπ
z 4 = 16ei (π + 2 kπ )
1 i (π + 2 k π )
z = 2e 4 , k = −2, −1, 0,1
iπ i 34π −i 34π −i π4
z = 2e 4 , 2e , 2e , 2e

Im(z)

z2 z1
2
π
4 Re(z)
O

z3 z4

5(a)
(i) Let y = x 2 − 3
x = ± y+3
Since x ≤ 0 , x = − y + 3
f −1 : x a − x + 3 , x ≥ −3

SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 3 of 10

 y = f(x) y
(ii)

0 x

y = f-1f(x) y = f-1(x)

(iii) gf −1 ( x ) = g ( − x + 3) = −2 x + 3 + 4

(b)(i) h(16) + h(25) = h(4) + h(1)

= (12 – 6) + (12 – 1) = 17

(ii) y

12

3–

x
-6 0 6 12

6(i) −π π
≤t ≤
2 2
The only axes intercept is at (0,0).

From the graph, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 .

When x = 1,
SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 4 of 10
 π
cos ( t ) = 0 ⇒ t = ±
2
π π π π
When t = , y= + 1 . When t = − , y=− −1 .
2 2 2 2
π π
∴− −1 ≤ y ≤ +1
2 2
(ii) x = 1 − cos t ; y = t + sin t
dy dy dt 1 + cos t
= × =
dx dt dx sin t
π π  π π  π
When t = , x = 1 − cos   = 1 − 0 = 1 , y = + sin   = + 1
2 2 2 2 2
π 
1 + cos  
dy
=  2  = 1+ 0 = 1
dx π  1
sin  
2
Equation of line l ,
π 
y −  + 1 = 1  x − (1)
2 
π
y − −1 = x −1
2
π
y = x+
2
(iii) π π
When x = 1, y = + 1 or − − 1 (by symmetry)
2 2
One of the points of intersection is the origin. From the graph in part (i), there
is another point of intersection when
π π
m ≥ + 1 or m ≤ − − 1
2 2

7(i) 2x + 4 y − z = 8
x + 2z = 6
From G.C, x = 6 – 2z, y = –1 + 1.25z, z = z
6   −2 
vector equation of l: r =  −1 + λ  1.25  , λ ∈
 
0   
  1 
x
(ii) uuur  
OF1 =  y 
z
 

F1 is on π1 ⇒ 2x + 4y – z = 8 --- (1)

SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 5 of 10

 6  2 
uuur    
OF1 −  9  = λ  4 
 −2   −1 
   
x−6 2 
    --- (2)
 y −9 = λ 4 
z + 2  
   −1 

Solving (1) and (2), λ = −2

x = 2, y = 1 , z = 0
The foot of the perpendicular is (2,1, 0) .
(iii)  26   16 
 5   2  5  8 
      2 
Direction vector of F1 F2 =  9  − 1  =  8  =  20 
 2   0   2  5 1 
       
5  5 
 8   −2  18.75  15 
      5 
20 × 1.25  =  −10  =  −8 
Vector perpendicular to π3 =   
1  1   50  4  40 
       
 15   2   15 
     
r ⋅  −8  =  1  ⋅  −8  = 22
 40   0   40 
     
 15 
vector equation of π3 : r ⋅  −8  = 22 (shown)
 40 
 

(iv) (6, –1, 0) is a point on l.

Perpendicular distance from (6, –1, 0) to the plane π3
 6   2    15   4   15 
          
 −1  −  1   ⋅  −8   −2  ⋅  −8 
 0   0    40   0   40 
= =     = 1.75
 15  225 + 64 + 1600
 
 −8 
 40 
 
 15 
 
m = 1.75 , v =  −8 
 40 
 

8(i) Let the height ascended by the athlete and robot after n pulls be An and Rn
respectively.

SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 6 of 10

   19 n 
0.8 1 −   
  20     19  n 
An = = 16 1 −   
1   20  
20
Rn = 0.4n

From GC, An = Rn when n ≈ 32.4 (or tabulate it to get n = 33)

The robot will overtake the athlete after 33 pulls.
(ii) A∞ = 16 (Note: An is an increasing sequence.)
∴He will never reach the top.

n
(iii) 2× [ 2 x + (n − 1)(−0.02)]
2
= 2nx − 0.02n(n − 1)
16
Robot will reach the top after = 40 pulls.
0.4
Athlete must reach top by 39th pull.

∴ 2(19) x − 0.02(19)(18) + ( x − 19 × 0.02) ≥ 16

39 x − 0.02(19) 2 ≥ 16
x ≥ 0.595
The minimum value of x is 0.60 (2 d.p.).

−1

9(i) dy e tan x
=
dx 1 + x 2
−1
dy e tan x
∫ dx ∫ 1 + x 2 dx
d x =
−1
∴ y = e tan x
+C
When x = 0, y = 1 ⇒ 1 = e0 + C ⇒ C = 0
−1
Thus y = e tan x

−1

(ii) dy e tan x y
= 2
=
dx 1 + x 1 + x2
dy
(
⇒ 1 + x2
dx
)
=y

Differentiating w.r.t. x,
d2 y dy dy
(1 + x2 ) dx 2
+ 2x =
dx dx
2
(
⇒ 1 + x2 ) ddxy + (2 x − 1) ddyx = 0
2

SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 7 of 10

 d2 y dy
(iii)
(1 + x2
dx 2 )
+ (2 x − 1)
dx
=0

Differentiating w.r.t. x,
d3 y d2 y d2 y dy
(1 + x2
dx 3 )
+ 2 x
dx 2
+ (2 x − 1)
dx 2
+2
dx
=0

d3 y d2 y dy
⇒ 1 + x2( dx 3
+ (4 )
x − 1)
dx 2
+ 2
dx
=0

When x = 0, y = 1 (given)
dy d2 y d3 y
= 1, 2 = 1, 3 = −1
dx dx dx
Thus Maclaurin series is
1 1
y = 1 + x + x 2 − x3 + L
2 6
tan −1 x
(iv) e −1

2
= e tan x (1 + x) −2
(a) (1 + x)
 1 1 
 2 6 
(
= 1 + x + x 2 − x 3 + ...  1 − 2 x + 3 x 2 + ... )
3
= 1 − x + x 2 + ...
2
(b) 2 x + tan −1 x 2 x tan −1 x
e =e e
 (2 x) 2  1 1 
= 1 + 2 x + + ... 1 + x + x 2 − x 3 + ... 
 2!  2 6 
9 2
= 1 + 3x + x + ...
2

n
10(a) Let P(n) be the statement ∑ ( r !× r ) = ( n + 1)! − 1, for all n ∈
r =1
+

Proving P(1)
1
LHS = ∑ ( r !× r ) = 1
r =1

RHS = (1 + 1) !− 1 = 1
∴ P(1) is true

Assuming that P(k) is true for some positive integer k,

k
i.e. ∑ ( r !× r ) = ( k + 1)! − 1
r =1
To prove P(k+1) is true i.e.…
Then,
k +1 k

∑ ( r !× r ) = ∑ ( r !× r ) + ( k + 1)!× ( k + 1)
r =1 r =1

= ( k + 1) ! − 1 + ( k + 1) ! × ( k + 1)

SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 8 of 10

 = ( k + 1) ! + ( k + 1) ! × ( k + 1)  − 1
= ( k + 1) !1+ ( k + 1)  − 1
= ( k + 1) !( k + 2 ) − 1
= ( k + 2 ) !− 1
∴ P(k)true ⇒ P(k + 1)is true

∴ Since P(1) is true,

and P(k) is true ⇒ P(k + 1)is true

+
by Mathematical Induction, P(n) is true for all n ∈

(b)(i) α = −2, β = 1, γ = 3 (by GC)

(ii) lim xn +1 = lim xn = L
n →∞ n →∞
(or any statement to the same effect)
3 2
L = −1 + 5 L + 8 L − 5
L + 1 = 3 5 L2 + 8 L − 5
3
( L + 1) = 5 L2 + 8 L − 5
L3 + 3L2 + 3L + 1 = 5 L2 + 8 L − 5
L3 − 2 L2 − 5 L + 6 = 0
As L3 − 2L2 − 5L + 6 = 0 , hence L is a root of the equation y = x3 − 2 x 2 − 5 x + 6
Therefore, L = α , β or γ
(iii) xn +1 < xn
−1 + 3 5 xn 2 + 8 xn − 5 < xn
3
5 xn 2 + 8 xn − 5 < xn + 1
3
5 xn 2 + 8 xn − 5 < ( xn + 1)
5 xn 2 + 8 xn − 5 < xn 3 + 3xn 2 + 3 xn + 1
xn 3 − 2 xn 2 − 5 xn + 6 > 0
By referring to the graph of y = x3 − 2 x 2 − 5 x + 6 , (or any statement to the same
effect) the y value at xn is positive (above the x-axis)
Hence, when xn+1 < xn , then α < xn < β or xn > γ .

11(a) Using A(sin θ + cos θ) + B(cos θ – sin θ) ≡ 4 sin θ,

Comparing the coefficient of sin θ & cos θ respectively,
We have A – B = 4 ----(1)
A + B = 0 --- (2)
Solving the simultaneous equations,
A = 2, B = –2 (Ans)

1
π 4sin θ
∫ 0
4
sin θ + cos θ
dθ

SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 9 of 10

 1
π
4
2(sin θ + cos θ ) − 2(cos θ − sin θ )
= ∫0
sin θ + cos θ
dθ
1 1
π π
4 4
(cos θ − sin θ )
= ∫ 2 dθ − 2 ∫
0 0
sin θ + cos θ
dθ

π π
= 2[θ ]04 − 2[ln(sin θ + cos θ )]04
π π
= − ln 2 (or − 2 ln 2)
2 2
(b)(i) 2t A B
2
= +
(t + 1) (t + 1) (t + 1)2
Solving, we have A = 2, B = –2
(ii) Using substitution t = 2 x − 1 ,
t 2 +1
x= ,
2
dt 1 1
= =
dx 2x −1 t
When x =1, t = 1
x = 5, t = 3
Hence
5 3
1 1
∫1 x + 2 x − 1 d x = ∫1 t 2 +1 + t (t ) dt
( )
2

3
2t
=∫ 2
dt
1
t + 2t + 1
3
2t
=∫ dt
1
(t + 1) 2
3
1 1
= 2∫ ( − ) dt from b(i )
1
t + 1 (t + 1)2
1 3
= 2[ln(t + 1) + ]1
t +1
1
= 2 ln 2 −
2

SAJC H2 Mathematics Prelim Solutions Page 10 of 10