English Grammar for Banks & SSC

Lesson-2 : Parts of Speech

Written by :

Mr.N.SRIDHAR
M.A.(Eng), M.A(Eco), PGDFE, PGDCE(Hyd.Cen.Uni)
PGCTE, NELTS, AIELTA (EFL uni)

Office Address:
CL (CAREER LAUNCHER)
Opp: Syndicate Bank,
near M.R.Palli circle,
Ph: 9698123456, 0877-2222212

www.facebook.com/tirupati.cl

www.careerlauncher.com
 VOCABULARY
= all the words a person knows

A man without vocabulary is

fish out of water
 Vocabulary includes….
Parts of Speech

(Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction,
Interjection.)

Phrasal Verbs (Phrv) :

A verb combined with an adverb or a preposition or sometimes both
to give a new meaning.
Eg : go off (phrv) = to explode
eg : Two bombs went off in Lumbini Park, Hyderabad

Idioms (idm) : A group of words whose meaning is different from the

meanings of the individual words
Eg : eat crow(idm) :
to say and show that you are sorry for a mistake that you made
eg : Ramalinga Raju ate crow and surrendered to the police.
Collocation :
A combination of words in a language, that happens very often and more
frequently than would happen by chance.
Eg : I will come to college, weather permitting.
Strong tea, Heavy traffic.
Proverbs :
A well known phrase or sentence that gives advice or says sth
that is generally true
Eg : the grass is greener on the other side(saying)
said about people who never seem happy with what they
have and always think that opposite people better than them
Parts of Speech – Types of Nouns

(1) Noun(n) :
a word that refers to a person, (such as John or doctor), a place (such
as Hyderabad or city) or a thing, a quality or an activity (such as
plant, sorrow or tennis)
Types of Nouns :
(i) Common Noun :
a word such as table, cat, or sea, that refers to an object or a thing
but is not the name of a particular person, place or thing.

(ii) Proper noun :

a word that is the name of a person, a place, an institution, etc.
and is written with a capital letter, for exampleTom,
Mr.Modi,Tirupati, theWhite House.
Parts of Speech – Types of Nouns

(iii) Abstract Noun :
a noun, for example goodness or freedom, that refers to an
idea or a general quality, not to a physical object.
Eg : Intelligence, Poverty, Beauty, etc

(iv) Collective Noun :

a singular noun, such as committee or team, that refers to a
group of people, animals or things.
Eg : Jury(group of judges), bouquet(= collection of flowers),etc
Parts of Speech : (2) Pronoun

(2) Pronoun(prn) :
a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase, for
example he, it, hers, me, them, etc
Types of Pronouns
(i) Personal Pronouns :
I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them.
(ii) Demonstrative Pronouns : this, that, these, those.
(iii) Interrogative Pronouns : who, which, why, etc
(iv) Possessive Pronouns : yours, theirs, mine, etc
(v) Relative pronouns : who, whom, whose, which, that.
Parts of Speech : (3) Adjective & (4) Verb
(3) Adjective (adj):
a word that describes a person or thing, for example big, red and
clever in a big house, red wine and a clever idea
(4) verb (v):

a word or group of words that expresses an action (such as eat), an
event (such as happen) or a state (such as exist)

Regular Verbs :
changing their form in the same way as most other verbs and
nouns. The past participle of regular verbs ends in ‘-ed’.
Eg : ask – asked – asked

Irregular Verbs : not formed in the normal way
Eg : eat – ate - eaten
Parts of Speech :

Transitive verbs:
used with a direct object In ‘She wrote a letter’, the verb ‘wrote’
is transitive and the word ‘letter’ is the direct object.

Intransitive verbs :
These verbs don’t have any objects : eg: die, come, run, etc

(5) Adverb (adv):

a word that adds more information about place, time, manner,
cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb
Eg : In ‘speak kindly’, ‘incredibly deep’, ‘just in time’ and ‘too
quickly’, ‘kindly’, ‘incredibly’, ‘just’ and ‘too’ are all adverbs.
Parts of Speech :
(6) Preposition , (7) Conjunction & (8) Interjection

(6) Preposition (prep) :
a word or group of words, such as in, from, to, out of and on
behalf of, used before a noun or pronoun to show place,
position, time or method : Eg : at , in, on, for,…

(7) Conjunction (conj) :
a word that joins words, phrases or sentences, for example
‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’

(8) Interjection (exclamation) :
a short sound, word or phrase spoken suddenly to express an
emotion. Oh!, Look out! and Ow! are interjections.