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1) There are two main types of cathodic protection: galvanic (sacrificial anode) and impressed current.
2) Galvanic systems use anodes like magnesium or zinc placed around the tank, providing a limited current flow without external power. Impressed current uses an external AC power source and rectifier to provide a larger, adjustable current.
3) Proper cathodic protection is achieved when a potential of at least -850mV and a current density of 1-2 milliamps/ft2 is reached on the tank bottom. Regular inspection and maintenance is needed to ensure effectiveness of both galvanic and impressed current systems.
1) There are two main types of cathodic protection: galvanic (sacrificial anode) and impressed current.
2) Galvanic systems use anodes like magnesium or zinc placed around the tank, providing a limited current flow without external power. Impressed current uses an external AC power source and rectifier to provide a larger, adjustable current.
3) Proper cathodic protection is achieved when a potential of at least -850mV and a current density of 1-2 milliamps/ft2 is reached on the tank bottom. Regular inspection and maintenance is needed to ensure effectiveness of both galvanic and impressed current systems.
1) There are two main types of cathodic protection: galvanic (sacrificial anode) and impressed current.
2) Galvanic systems use anodes like magnesium or zinc placed around the tank, providing a limited current flow without external power. Impressed current uses an external AC power source and rectifier to provide a larger, adjustable current.
3) Proper cathodic protection is achieved when a potential of at least -850mV and a current density of 1-2 milliamps/ft2 is reached on the tank bottom. Regular inspection and maintenance is needed to ensure effectiveness of both galvanic and impressed current systems.
Corrosion may be defined as the deterioration of a 1) Galvanic (Galvanic – Sacrificial anode)
metal 2) Impressed current. electrochemical process Galvanic Anodes placed around or under tank At anode – Fe →Fe+2 + 2e- Anodes are usually magnesium or zinc At Cathode – O2 + 2H2O + 4e- A weak battery, limited current flow. Forms of Most common types relative to tank bottom: Less than Advantages – No external power supply, corrosion 60’ (18m) & easy to install, low cost for small diameter 1. General – thousand of microscopic for tanks tanks, and rarely have problems with stray corrosion cells (uniform metal loss) with currents, less frequent monitoring required. 2. Localized (pitting) – corrosion cell are externally Disadvantages – limited driving potential, larger and distinct anodic and cathodic coated low current output, limited to low resistivity areas. bottoms soils, impractical for large tanks, difficult to Corrosion Anode – which oxidation (corrosion) occurs. protect center of tank. cell Impressed Electrical current supplied from AC source Cathode – reduction reaction occurs. No current. corrosion occurs at this spot. Anode Rectifier change AC to DC protects the cathode. Current can be adjusted to increase current Metallic Path- connects anode and cathode flow. Electrolyte – soil or liquid adjacent to and in Anodes can be placed very deep so current contact with bottom of aboveground tank. covers center of the tanks. Contains both –ve and +ve charged ions. Advantages – large driving potential, large Dissimilar materials – galvanic series. structure can be protected, out put current Differences – weld / HAZ / plate (uneven can be varied, can be used with almost any distribution of alloying elements or soil resistivity. contaminants within metal structure) Disadvantages – problems with stray Different oxygen concentrations – clay & currents, power outage causes loss of debris between areas and steel surface. protection, higher maintenance and Lower oxygen – anodic operating cost, higher installation cost, Higher oxygen – Cathodic safety issues regarding the use of an Soil characteristics – moisture, ph, oxygen external power source in the area, more concentration. frequent monitoring required. When 2 metals are connected the one Operational Stray currents higher in the list corrodes to sacrificially issues protect the other. Desired current density is 1-2 milliamps/ft2 CP provide an anodes thus protecting Desired potential (voltage) of at least anode – thanks bottom 850mV The higher current flow, the faster If leads are reversed the tanks bottom corrosion. becomes anode Current flow because of Polarization may take months to achieve 1) Electrical potential (voltage) once system is activated. 2) Resistance Inspection Impressed current system – Quick check Higher resistance, slower current Issues Table 1 – General classification of resistivity 1. Every 2 months Table 2 – Partial Galvanic series 2. System is operational & functioning Corrosion 1. Stray current - Impressed current system – Thorough mechanism 2. Galvanic corrosion – relative surface check areas of cathode and anode, relative 1. Annually potential difference between two 2. A thorough electrical check of materials, temperature equipment Internal Major factors – conductivity (a function of Cathodic protection survey corrosion dissolved solids), suspended solids, pH 1. Annually level, dissolved gasses such as CO2,H2S or 2. Check potential (voltage) between tank O2, sulfate reducing bacteria, temperature and soil. CP CP provides an anode thus protecting anode – tank bottom