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RIVETS & RIVETED JOINTS

 Rivet
 Types of rivets
 Rivet symbols
 Conventional representation
 Riveting
 Caulking and fullering
 Nomenclature
 Proportions of riveted joints
 Classification of riveted joints

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 RIVET
 Rivets are short cylindrical pieces of ductile metal
having a head at one end and slightly tapered tail
on the other end
 The portion of a rivet between the head and the
tail is called shank

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 RIVET
 Used to join two or more pieces of sheet metals
permanently, plates to rolled sections, rolled
section to each other etc…
 Mild steel, wrought iron, copper and Aluminium
alloys are some of the metals commonly used for
rivets
 Rivets are used for joining of sheets and plates in
bridges, boilers, storage tanks, pressure vessels
and ships etc…

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 TYPES OF RIVETS
Following types of rivets are used for different work
(1) Structural rivets (12 to 45mm dia.):
(2) Boiler rivets (12 to 50mm dia.)
(3) Small rivets (2 to 10mm dia.)
(1) Structural rivets (12 to 45mm dia.): Used for
structural work

Snap Head Pan Head Pan Head with Round countersunk Countersunk
Tapered neck Head Head
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 TYPES OF RIVETS
(2) Boiler rivets (12 to 50mm dia.): Used for boiler
works

Snap Head Pan Head

Ellipsoidal

Pan head 1 Conical Head

 TYPES OF RIVETS
(2) Small rivets (2 to 10mm dia.): Used for general
purposes and are of steel brass or aluminium

Mushroom Head Countersunk Head

Flat Head
1.75d
0.75d

Round Head
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 RIVET SYMBOLS
 In case of large drawings where no. of rivets are
used, it is not necessary to draw all rivets
 For this, gauge lines are drawn and location of
rivets are shown by line symbol as per I.S.I.

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 RIVET SYMBOLS
 Rivet symbols as per B.I.S. are given below

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 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION AS PER B.I.S
HOLE
 In case of large drawings where number of rivets are used,
gauge lines are drawn and location of rivets and holes are
shown by line symbols
 Various symbols for hole according to B.I.S. S.P.:46-1988
are given below

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 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION AS PER B.I.S
RIVET
 Various symbols for rivets according to B.I.S. S.P.:46-1988
are given below

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 RIVETING
 The process of joining two or more plates by
means of rivets is called riveting

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 RIVETING
 During riveting, rivet head is formed from the tail
of the rivet places in the rivet holes drilled in the
plates to be fastened
 Forming of head may be either by hand tools or
by machines
 In machine riveting, force is applied by means of
hydraulic or pneumatic pressure

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 CAULKING AND FULLERING OPERATIONS
 To obtain leak proof joints, the edges of the
plates to be joined and the rivet heads are forced
to gether by caulking and fullering operations
CAULKING

Caulking plate

 The outer edges of the plates are bevelled

 These bevelled edges of the plates are caulked
 Caulking is an operation in which the outer bevelled edges
of the plates are hammered and driven-in by a caulking tool
 The caulking tool is in the form of a blunt edged chisel 14
 CAULKING AND FULLERING OPERATIONS
FULLERING

 Similar to caulking, fullering is also used to

produce air tight joints.
 Unlike the caulking tool, the width of the fullering
tool is equal to the width of the bevelled edges of
the plates
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 NOMENCLATURE OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Important terms used in riveted joints are
defined below
 Rivet diameter is represented by ‘d’ and plate
thickness is represented by ‘t’

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 NOMENCLATURE OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Gauge line: It is a line through the centers of a
row of rivets and parallel to the edge of the plate

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 NOMENCLATURE OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Pitch: It is a the distance from the centre of the
rivet to the centre of the next rivet in the same
row measured on the gauge line
 It is also called longitudinal pitch
 It is represented by p

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 NOMENCLATURE OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Transverse pitch: It is a the distance between
adjacent gauge lines in the same plate.
 It is also called back pitch or row pitch
 It is represented by pt

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 NOMENCLATURE OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Diagonal pitch: It is a the distance between the
centres of adjacent rivets on adjacent gauge lines
in the same plate
 It is represented by pd

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 NOMENCLATURE OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Margin: It is the distance from the edge of the
plate to the entre of the nearest rivet hole
 It is represented by m

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 PROPORTIONS OF RIVETED JOINTS
 The dimensions of joint depends upon properties
of plate and rivet material
 However, if thickness of plate (t) is known the
diameter (d) can be found using Unwin’s formula
d6 t

 Standard diameters of rivets as per B.I.S. are

shown in the table

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 PROPORTIONS OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Other proportions as per B.I.S. are shown in the
table

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 CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Depending upon the manner of placing the plates,
riveted joints are classified in to two types
(a) Lap joint and
(b) Butt joint

Lap joint Butt joint 24

 CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Depending upon no. of rows of rivets in a joint,
riveted joints are divided into two types
(a) Single riveted joint and
(b) Multiple riveted joint
(i) Double riveted
(ii) Triple riveted
(iii) Quadruple riveted etc…

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
SINGLE RIVETED LAP JOINT

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
DOUBLE RIVETED LAP JOINT

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 CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
SINGLE RIVETED SINGLE STRAP BUTT JOINT

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 CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
SINGLE RIVETED DOUBLE STRAP BUTT JOINT

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 CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
DOUBLE RIVETED DOUBLE STRAP BUTT JOINT

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 CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Depending upon arrangement of rivets in
adjacent rows, riveted joints are classified as;
(a) Chain riveted joint and
(b) Zig-zag riveted joint

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
CHAIN RIVETED JOINT

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
CHAIN RIVETED JOINT

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
ZIG-ZAG RIVETED JOINT

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
ZIG-ZAG RIVETED JOINT

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 CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
 Riveted joints may also be classified as;
(a) Structural joints and
(b) Pressure vessel joints
Angle Joint

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS

Column and Beam Joint

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS
Built up girder

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 RIVETS
AND
RIVETED JOINTS

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