Works Cited

Primary

"Christopher Columbus." ​American History​, ABC-CLIO SOLUTIONS, 2018,

americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/291003?terms=Christopher+Columbus&sT

ype=quick.

The main point of this article is to tell about Christopher Columbus's life. It briefly

touches on how he was ignorant and a failure. Most sources talk about his crimes, but this

article choses to just talk about his story, which makes it slightly less helpful than others

when looking for incriminating evidence. This said, it is unbiased and unobjective.

"The Christopher Columbus Debate." ​American History​, ABC-CLIO SOLUTIONS, 2018,

americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1182243?terms=Christopher+Columbus&s

Type=quick.

This article talks about both sides of the argument, as well as a bit about his backstory.

Some points are in the debate are that some people see him as a brave adventurer, while

some see him as a genocidal weirdo. Although it doesn't include a lot of his wrongs, like

other sources, it is unbiased as it covers both sides of the debate without emotion.

Columbus, Christopher. "The Barcelona Letter." 14 Feb. 1493. ​Research in Context​,

go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T005&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchR

esultsType=SingleTab&searchType=TopicSearchForm&currentPosition=6&docId=GAL
 E%7CEJ2159000181&docType=Letter&sort=RELEVANCE-SORT&contentSegment=

&prodId=MSIC&contentSet=GALE%7CEJ2159000181&topicId=HNFJXT457915437&

searchId=&userGroupName=elkr55074&inPS=true. Letter.

In this letter Christopher Columbus tells one of his sponsors about the natives of an island

he 'discovered'. He describes them as stupid traders that would be easily converted to

Christianity. This letter is a helpful source as it shows the readers that he thought the

people on the islands were ignorant things they could use for their own purposes. It is

most likely biased, but as it is written by him, the truth would be hard to uncover.

---. "Discovery of the New World, March 14, 1493." Received by Raphael Sanchez, 14 Mar.

1493. ​Research in Context​,

go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T005&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchR

esultsType=SingleTab&searchType=TopicSearchForm&currentPosition=5&docId=GAL

E%7CEJ2104210052&docType=Letter&sort=RELEVANCE-SORT&contentSegment=

&prodId=MSIC&contentSet=GALE%7CEJ2104210052&topicId=HNFJXT457915437&

searchId=&userGroupName=elkr55074&inPS=true. Letter.

This letter is about how Christopher Columbus tells Lord Raphael Sanchez how he and

his men tricked the native people of this island into giving them all their gold. The letter

is useful as it shows how Columbus tricked innocent people out of their gold, and then

bragged about it, which is visible in other sources. It is most likely biased, as Christopher

Columbus most likely made himself look better for his sponsor, but there isn't proof.
 Secondary

F., Fernandez-Armesto. "Columbus--Hero or Villain?" ​History Reference Center​,

web.a.ebscohost.com/hrc/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=6807525b-2c78-449f-a650-43af93fdad

cc%40sdc-v-sessmgr03&bdata=JnNpdGU9aHJjLWxpdmU%3d#AN=9205183670&db=

khh.

The article in question is about the debate over Christopher Columbus. Some points made

are that while he might not have committed genocide, he did enslave a nation and destroy

the environment. This source is fairly helpful and unbiased, as it goes over both sides of

the argument, which not all sources do.

Hajela, Deepti, and Dake Klang. "Indigenous Peoples Day? Italians Say Stick with Columbus."

Portsmouth Herald​ [Portsmouth], 8 Oct. 2017. ​SIRS Knowledge Source​,

sks.sirs.com/webapp/article?artno=0000398371&type=ART.

This article makes the point that while many are trying to make the change to Indigenous

Peoples Day, Italians are fighting to keep it as it is, saying that it's a holiday of their

heritage. It is a fairly unbiased source, stating both sides of the argument without

emotion. Unlike most sources, it connects his actions to modern day issues, which is

useful for connecting his crimes.

The Hispanic-American Experience. "Excerpt from the Four Voyages of Columbus." ​Research

in Context​, Gale, 1999,

go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T005&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchR
 esultsType=SingleTab&searchType=TopicSearchForm&currentPosition=4&docId=GAL

E%7CEJ2159000227&docType=Travel+narrative&sort=RELEVANCE-SORT&content

Segment=&prodId=MSIC&contentSet=GALE%7CEJ2159000227&topicId=HNFJXT45

7915437&searchId=&userGroupName=elkr55074&inPS=true.

This journal entry shows how Columbus was controlling and how his mission was a

waste of time and resources. The entry is most likely biased, to make him sound better,

but it does a good job to show the little horribleness in Columbus's journeys, which not

all sources do.

Hurst, Lynda. "The First Immigrant." ​Toronto Star​ [Toronto, Canada], 12 Oct. 1991. ​SIRS

Knowledge Source​, sks.sirs.com/webapp/article?artno=0000006215&type=ART.

Accessed 16 Oct. 2018.

In the article "The First Immigrant" by Lynda Hurst it is argued that Christopher

Columbus was a figurehead who was extremely cruel to the natives of America.

Columbus was a selfish person who paved the way for abuse to Indigenous People.

Overall, it was a useful source, covering both sides of the argument in an unbiased

fashion. The one way it could have been improved is if it had put the topics more simply,

without unnecessary words.

Kimmel, Seth. "Columbus: Swashbuckling Hero, Bootstrapping Immigrant or Genocidal

Monster?" ​Washington Post-Blogs​, 9 Oct. 2017. ​SIRS Knowledge Source​,

sks.sirs.com/webapp/article?artno=0000398601&type=ART.
 This particular article talks about how Columbus's son was the main reason people

thought he was so amazing. Ferdinand created a book embellishing his legacy so that his

father would be a hero, and they would get claims to land in the new country. It is a

generally helpful source, focusing mostly on why Columbus is considered a hero, and not

so much on his actual deeds, which is a refreshing change. It is, however, slightly biased,

phrasing his son's actions in negative terms.

Lopez, German. "This Columbus Day, a Reminder That Christopher Columbus Was 'a

Murderous Moron.'" ​Vox​, 8 Oct. 2018. ​Vox,​

www.vox.com/identities/2017/10/9/16447180/christopher-columbus-day-adam-ruins-eve

rything.

The main point in the article is that everything we know about Columbus is incorrect, as

we knew the world was round, and when he got to the Americas, he slaughtered the

natives to near extinction. It also states that the only reason Columbus is popular is that

the Italians that had just immigrated to America introduced Christopher to make

themselves more popular in the public's eye.This source is fairly useful, as it tells of

many aspects of the Columbus legend, which not a lot of other sources do. One downside

is that it is slightly biased in the wording, and they didn't go over any good parts of his

story.

Major Problems of American Colonial History. "Columbus, Christopher." Edited by Karen

Ordahl Kupperman. ​Research in Context​, Gale, 1993,

 go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T005&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchR

esultsType=SingleTab&searchType=TopicSearchForm&currentPosition=7&docId=GAL

E%7CCX3425300123&docType=Excerpt&sort=RELEVANCE-SORT&contentSegment

=&prodId=MSIC&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3425300123&topicId=HNFJXT45791543

7&searchId=&userGroupName=elkr55074&inPS=true#content.

In this journal extract, Columbus talks mostly about how while the natives were willing

to basically trade away gold, he forbid that so they would be more likely to be converted

to Christianity. This is a helpful source as it shows us how condescending Columbus was,

in addition to his brutality. It is most likely biased, as it is written from his point of view,

but it is impossible to know for sure

Mar, Paul Halsall. "Medieval Sourcebook: Christopher Columbus: Extracts from Journal." ​In the

Name of Our Lord Jesus Christ,​ sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/columbus1.asp.

Accessed 20 Oct. 2018.

The article "Medieval Sourcebook: Christopher Columbus: Extracts from Journal" is an

article that holds Columbus's journal. In the journal Columbus tells of his journey at see,

and his first encounter with the native people in America. It is a useful source that lets

readers find out what Columbus thought of himself and the journey but as it was written

by Columbus, it is likely biased, as Columbus would probably not have included the

more gruesome aspects of the encounter. Compared to other sources, this is a nice sample

of Columbus's journal that provides insight to the historical event.

Matthews, Dylan. "9 Reasons Christopher Columbus Was a Murderer, Tyrant, and Scoundrel."

Vox​, 12 Oct. 2015. ​Vox,​

www.vox.com/2014/10/13/6957875/christopher-columbus-murderer-tyrant-scoundrel.

The article lists many ways that Christopher Columbus was a bad person in general,

including brutal torturing, stealing their gold, and raping women. This article is an okay

source, as it only covers things that almost every source covers, and is slightly biased. It

does include a snippet of Columbus's journal, but it is small.

Montague, Peter. "Celebrating Columbus Day." ​ECOLOGIST​, Dec. 1999, pp. 468-70. ​SIRS

Knowledge Source,​ sks.sirs.com/webapp/article?artno=0000110750&type=ART.

Accessed 29 Oct. 2018.

The article "Celebrating Columbus Day" by Peter Montague talked about all the bad

Columbus had done, like murdering native people and starting the slave trade. It is

slightly biased, talking mostly of his faults, but it is a good source for finding what

Columbus has done wrong. Other sources talk only of the murdering of Indigenous

People but he talks about all of his mistakes, which is helpful.

Toolis, Kevin. "Saint or Sinner?" ​European​ [London], 29 Mar. 1991. ​SIRS Knowledge Source,​

sks.sirs.com/webapp/article?artno=0000004204&type=ART.

This source mainly talks about how Christopher Columbus killed many native people of

the Americas, considered himself a hero, and lead people to continue being racist in

present day. The source does seem useful as it goes over a number of Columbus's faults
while tying it to present issues, which is something other articles don't always do. It is

slightly biased with the wording, but it also goes over some of his achievements.