Agri Portal

M.
Sc Computer Science JPM ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE
INTRODUCTION
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M.Sc Computer Science JPM ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT
Farmers are knows as the King of earth. They provide different services to the society it includes
food, medicine, spices and more.
Nowadays our technology developed day by day. World Wide Web opens a huge opportunity to
people to do their jobs differently and effectively. Different kind of people depends on internet due
to its special features including information service. In order to speed up farming with technology
internet is the better choice.
In this project, many facilities are there to help the farmers, but the information are updated by the
admin in charge of AgriPortal. The admin has a user name and password to login to this website.
This is because any of the outsiders are not allowed to change the data.
This software is capable of holding the required data for farmers with a structured data base. In this
software we include the facility to register the details of each farmer. Another facility is the query
and replay. After the farmer sends their doubts they get a notification about the question. Another use
of this website is to know the current market trend. Farmers can select their desired tools and
fertilizers from this website and then they can purchase them online.
Many people depend on agriculture for their life. And actually they provide a big service to the
society. Because foods are the basic need of human and farmers are the suppliers of food materials
including vegetarian and non-vegetarian.
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1.2 MODULE DESCRIPTION
Tools
Farmers can book their desired tools from this web site, through a flexible purchase interface.
There we provide a list of tools with images and its features.
Fertilizer
Different crops want different kinds of nutrient supplement with varying climate. Agriportal provides
a way to purchase various fertilizers from this web site.
Query
Farmers can register their doubts to this web site. It provides a flexible way to clear their doubts
about farming.
Animal
In this module farmer can upload details of their animals to this website with images for sale. And
they can also find desired animals from this site for buy.
Market
The last module is Market, which provide a way to analysis market trend through a daily market
value updating. Based on current agricultural market price.
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS
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2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. Presently all the result
functionalities are done manually. In this project first the administrator login by username &
password. Next the user will enter the registration number of the user and convey their problems or
any help or guidance they need. The fact to be noted is that all registration or other purpose is done
by the administrator itself & no one else.
An initial investigation is conducted to identify the problems of the current system. The main
objective of this investigation is problem identification. In order to understand the agricultural
issues, a background analysis of present system is highly necessary, as part of this I met the person
who could provide valuable details about the current system. The discussion I had with that person
and other farmers.
Tools and fertilizers are buy through manual transaction. The customer must come to the shop and
buy product manually. In an existing system, user cannot contact an expert for doubt clearing. And
there is no any accurate measures for market trend analysis. All animals and pets are sailed by
means of direct interaction. However The existing system is time consuming.
2.2. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM
 Tools and fertilizers are purchased manually

 The system is more time consuming, less accuracy for the overload process
 Farmer can’t clear her/his doubts by an expert.
 There is no any online arrangement for animal sale.
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2.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY
In this project interviews and discussion are conducted to the farmers and coworkers to analyze the
problem. The feasibility study is the high level capsule version of the farmer and the entire system
analysis and design process. The objective of the feasibility study is to determine whether the
proposed system is feasible. The feasibility study can be classified into the following categories:
 Technical feasibility
 Economic feasibility
 Operational feasibility
Technical feasibility
The system is designed to fit the available software and hardware. ASP.NET a graphical user
interface meets the software requirements. ASP.NET has more controls, which facilitate creation of
user-friendly screens. The organization had a computer system in their office .In case of power
failure they had a generator.
Economic Feasibility
In economic feasibility cost/benefit analysis is done to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the
proposed system. The proposed system is more economic than the existing system, since it uses GUI
that reduces the operating time of the system and is interactive and user friendly so the chance of
error is low and cost needed to modify is reduced.
Operational Feasibility
There does not seem to be any difficulty in implementing this system. Even the user of the
organization have the knowledge in computers, the user friendliness provides them convenience and
ease.
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2.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The AgriPortal (KarshakaMithra) is a proposed system to overcome the drawback of the existing
system. It is expected to increase efficiency, ease of use. The proposed system is developed using
ASP.Net as Front End and MS-SQL Server 2008 as Back End.
It helps the admin to add the details of tools, fertilizers and etc. It also helps the farmer to know the
market trend. It helps the farmer to book tools and fertilizers. The farmer can know what are the
necessary treatments we want to apply on plants While preparing this project we think to increase
the speed and simplify the booking process for the people. So in this system we fulfilled our aim,
that it becomes a very good website for the user.
Features of the Proposed System
 Tools and fertilizers can be book online.

 Fast and easy.
 The farmer can clear their doubts about farming.
 Easy access of information done here admin must give a password. By giving the
password we can get the current details of your need.
 Quick data modification methods should be provided within the system itself.
 It can handle large amount of data records available.
2.4.1 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system
resources and the system will work in almost all configurations.
By developing the system we can attain the following advantages:
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Accuracy
Proposed system provides accuracy in calculation as all data manipulations are done through
computers. We don’t have to manually copy one information from one register to another; this is
done automatically in the system.
Speed
The proposed system is very much faster than existing system.
User friendliness
The proposed system is very friendly so that farmers can learn and use very easily. The controls and
buttons are placed and well named for the user to understand easily.
Security
Security is provided in the software, so that the data remain confidential. Login screen is provided
so that unauthorized access can be prevented and the data will be secure.
Efficient data handling

Since system uses databases, the data is organized in a very efficient manner, so that
Redundancy of data will not occur.
Modularity
The project has required number of modules for data entry. Their modules are implemented and
interpreted at a later stage. The user interface and screen layout of all the modules have been
interpreted to achieve an integrated package.
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SYSTEM
SPECIFICATION
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3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
3.1 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
Operating System : WINDOWS 98 or above
Front End : ASP.NET with C#
Back End : Microsoft SQL 2008
3.2 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
Processor : Pentium iii 500 MHz or Above
RAM : 64 MB or more
Hard disk drive : 10.2GB or higher
Keyboard : Any Standard Keyboard
Monitor : Any company’s monitor
Display adapters : Super VGA
Floppy Drive : 3.5, 1.44MB
CD Drive : Any 52X Drives
Printer : Disk Jet 640 or Above
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3.3 ABOUT THE DEVELOPING TOOLS

ASP.NET
ASP (Active Server Pages) has long been used as a web programming language for creating
dynamic web sites. ASP.NET is the next version of ASP 3.0 and is simplifies the development of
ASP applications for the Internet. ASP.NET forms an important component of Microsoft’s .NET
initiative. The foremost advantage of this initiative is the ability to provide a customized solution
that enables an application provider to deploy applications that match the exact requirements of
employees. The .NET initiative was introduced in response to the shift in focus from desktop
computing to distribute computing. In distributed computing, a number of applications are integrated
to provide a solution.
ASP.NET is a web development technology. Some of its features are:
 Support for multiple programming language:
In ASP 3.0 all server side programming is done using JavaScript. In ASP.NET we have the option to
use ASP.NET and C# to develop applications. We can use both languages in the same application as
long as they are used in different web pages.
 Separation of HTML code from logic:
In ASP.NET we can write the HTML code in the .aspx file and the code for programming logic in
the code behind file. The advantage is that we don’t have to worry about how the output will be
rendered in the webpage.
 Configuration of XML based applications
We can configure ASP.NET applications using the web.config file, which is an XML based file. The
advantage of using web.config is that we can specify different configuration settings for different
subdirectories of an application. Therefore web pages that should be viewed by authorized users
only can be placed in a separate directory from web pages that can be viewed by unauthenticated
users. We can then apply different configuration settings to pages in these subdirectories. In addition
to configuring ASP.NET applications using web configure file, we can also configure them using IIS
[Internet Information Server].
 Enhanced debugging support
ASP.NET application can be debugged using the Visual Studio.NET debugger, which provides a set
of useful debugging tools that can help we detect problems in our application code and rectify them
with minimal effort. We can also use the debug and trace classes of the system. diagnostics
namespaces to debug our applications.
ASP.NET Architecture
Figure 2.1
The advantage of using Visual Studio is that it provides tools that make application development
much faster, easier, and more reliable. These tools include:
 Visual designers for Web pages with drag-and-drop controls and code (HTML) views with
syntax checking.
 Code-aware editors that include statement completion, syntax checking, and other
IntelliSense features.
 Integrated compilation and debugging.
 Project management facilities for creating and managing application files, including
deployment to local or remote servers.
The .NET Framework
The key features of the .NET Framework, includes the common language runtime, the .NET
Framework class library, and cross-language interoperability.
Common Language Runtime
The common language runtime is a run-time environment that manages the execution of code and
provides services that simplify the development process. Despite its name, the runtime actually has a
role in both a component's runtime and development time experiences. While the component is
running, the runtime is responsible for managing memory allocation, starting up and stopping
threads and processes, and enforcing security policy, as well as satisfying any dependencies that the
component might have on other components. At development time, the runtime's role changes
slightly; because it automates so much (for example, memory management), the runtime makes the
developer's experience very simple, especially when compared to COM as it is today. In particular,
features such as user controls dramatically reduce the amount of code a developer must write in
order to turn business logic into a reusable component.
Assemblies
Assemblies are collections of types and resources that form logical units of functionality.
Assemblies are the fundamental units of deployment, version control, reuse, activation scoping, and
security permissions.
Application Domains
Application domains provide isolation between applications.
Runtime Hosts
The runtime hosts supported by the .NET Framework include ASP.NET, Internet Explorer, and shell
executable.
Common Type System
Identifies the types supported by the common language runtime.
Metadata and Self-Describing Components
Metadata and Self-Describing Components explain how the .NET Framework simplifies component
interoperation by allowing compilers to emit additional declarative information, or metadata, into all
modules and assemblies.
Cross-Language Interoperability
Cross-Language Interoperability explains how managed objects created in different programming

languages can interact with one another.
.NET Framework Security
NET Framework Security provides mechanisms for protecting resources and code from
unauthorized code and unauthorized users.
.NET Framework Class Library
NET Framework Class Library provides programming information about the classes, interfaces, and
value types that are included in the .NET Framework. This library provides access to system
functionality and is designed to be the foundation on which .NET Framework applications,
components, and controls are built.
Web Application Data Access
Most ASP.NET Web applications involve at least some level of access to data. ASP.NET does not
directly include data access facilities. Instead, Web applications use ADO.NET data services.
ADO.NET provides a complete framework for accessing and managing data from a variety of
sources, including databases and XML files or streams. ADO.NET includes providers — classes that
allow us to connect to data sources, execute commands, and read results. We can optionally keep
data in a dataset, which is a disconnected, in-memory cache.
Active Server Component and Objects
The scripting variables, operators, and statements can be used to tap into special Active Server tools
that add programming functionality to the ActiveX Server. These tools consist of Active Server
objects and Active server components. Active Server objects are built-in objects that collectively
represent functionality of the ActiveX Server. Six individual objects are used to dissect the different
roles and responsibilities of the server into manageable and programmable aspects.
For example, the Request object is responsible for retrieving or accepting information from the
browser. Another Active server object, the Response object is responsible for sending information to
the client. The Session object is responsible for managing information for a specific user session
.The Server object responsible for the administrative functionality of the server .The Application
object is used to manage all information in ASP application .The object Context object is used
manage transaction processing for component managed by the Microsoft Transaction Server. Active
Server
components run on the server to provide extra functionality that extends the Active Server Page
beyond the Web Server .For example you can use Active Server component to create a database
connection; create, send and manage e-mail; determine the requesting browser type; and much more.
Microsoft SQL Server
SQL presentation framework that is integrated with existing ASP.NET features. Some of these
integrated features are master pages and membership-based authentication.
Microsoft SQL Server is a full-featured relational database management system (RDBMS) that
offers a variety of administrative tools to ease the burdens of database development, maintenance
and administration. SQL Server2008 has six of the more frequently used tools: Enterprise Manager,
Query Analyzer, SQL Profiler, Service Manager, Data Transformation Services and Books.
Enterprise Manager:
It is the main administrative console for SQL Server installations. It provides us with a graphical
"birds-eye" view of all of the SQL Server installations on our network. We can perform high-level
administrative functions that affect one or more servers, schedule common maintenance tasks or
create and modify the structure of individual databases.
Query Analyzer:
It offers a quick and dirty method for performing queries against any of our SQL Server databases.
It's a great way to quickly pull information out of a database in response to a user request, test
queries before implementing them in other applications, create/modify stored procedures and
execute administrative task. Stands for "Structured Query Language," and can be pronounced as
either "sequel" or "S-Q-L." It is a query language used for accessing and modifying information in a
database. Some common SQL commands include "insert," "update," and "delete." The language was
first created by IBM in 1975 and was called SEQUEL for "Structured English Query Language."
Since then, it has undergone a number of changes, many coming from Oracle products.
Today, SQL is commonly used for Web database development and management. Though SQL is
now considered to be a standard language, there are still a number of variations of it, such as mySQL
and mySQL. By using a scripting language like PHP, SQL commands can be executed when
a Web page loads. This makes it possible to create dynamic Web pages that can display different
information each time they load.
SQL SERVER version
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 is a complete database and analysis solution for rapidly delivering the
next generation of scalable applications. SQL Server 2008 is a key component in supporting e-
commerce, line of business and data warehousing applications, while offering the scalability
necessary to support growing, dynamic environment. SQL Server 2008 includes rich support for
XML and other internet language format. SQL Server 2008 takes full advantage of Microsoft
Windows 2000 by integrating with Active Directory Services and supporting up to 32 processors and
64GB of RAM.
 Enterprise Manager is the main administrative console for SQL Server installations. It provides
you with a graphical “birds-eye” view of all of the SQL Server installations on your network. You
can perform high-level administrative functions that effect one or more servers, schedule common
maintenance tasks or create and modify the structure of individual databases.
 Query Analyzer offers a quick and dirty method for performing queries against any of SQL server
databases. It’s a great way to quickly pull information out of a database in response to a user
request, test queries before implementing them in other applications, create/modify stored
procedures and execute administrative tasks.
 SQL profiler provides a window into the inner workings of your database .you can monitor many
different event types and observe database performance in real time .SQL profiler allows you to
capture and replace “traces” that log various activities. It’s a great tool for optimizing databases
with performance issues or troubleshooting particular problems.
 Service manager is used to control the MSSQL Server (main SQL SERVER PROCESSOR),
MSTDC (Microsoft distributed transaction coordinator) and SQL Server Agent processes .an icon
for this service normally resides in the system tray of machines running SQL Server. You can use
service manager to start, stop or pause any one of these services.
 Data transformation Services provide an extremely flexible method for importing and exporting
data between a Microsoft SQL server installation and large variety of other formats. The most
commonly used DTS application is the “Import and Export Data” wizard found in SQL Server
program group.
 Maintaining the relationships among data in the database
 Ensuring that data is stored correctly and that the rules defining data relationships are not violated
 Recovering all data to a point of known consistency in case of system failures
SQL server 2008 includes a number of features that support ease of installation, deployment and use:
scalability; data ware house; and system integration with other server software.
Connection used
To connect the ASP.NET with SQL SERVER we had used ADO control. The provider that
connects the front end and back end is Microsoft OLE DB provider for SQL SERVER.
Report Used
PDF Report is a powerful program for creating custom reports lists and labels from the data in your
application database. When PDF Report connects to the database, its reads values from the fields
you selected and place them into the report, either as is or as part of formula that generate more
complex values. Crystal Report is designed to work with the different types of data that can be found
in a database.
A wide range of tools can be used to manipulate to fit the requirements of the report. The data from
your database can be placed wherever you need it on the report and can be highlighted by changing
the font and font sizes. After you have designed a report for an application you can use or within the
application or as a template to create other similar reports.
Operating System Used
To complete this project we had used the operating system Windows 10 which was developed by
Microsoft Company.
Security mechanisms
SQL Server sophisticated security mechanisms control access to sensitive data based on privileges.
Admin are given rights to view, modify and create data based on privileges. Admin have their own
username and password to log on the server.
Back Up and Recovery
SQL Server provides sophisticated backup and recovery routines. Backup creates a second copy of
data. Recovery restores a copy of data from the backup.
Replication
Replication is another facility provided by SQL server to use the data securely. Here we can
replicate the data from one server to another one remote server.
SYSTEM DESIGN
4. SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 INTRODUCTION
System design is a solution or approach for the creation of a new system. Design provides the
understanding and procedural details necessary for the implementation of the system recommended
in the system study. During the system design the emphasis is on translating the performance
requirements into design specifications. System design covers two phases, logical design and
physical design.
System design goes through two phases of development, logical and physical design. The DFD
shows the logical flow of the system and defines the boundaries of the system .The physical design
covers review the current physical system , prepares output specification ,prepares input
specification, prepares edit ,security and control specification, specifies the implementation plan,
prepares a logical design walkthrough of the information flow and review benefits ,costs, target data
and system constraints.
The design phase covers
 Review of the current physical system
 Prepare the output specification that determining the format content and frequency of the
reports including the terminal specification etc.
 Prepares the input specification.
 Prepares the edit control and security specification.
 Specifies the implementation plan.
 Prepares the logical design walk through of the information flow, output, input controls and
the implementation plan.
4.2 INPUT DESIGN
Input design is the process of converting user-oriented input into a computer based format Inputs are
the source of data for processing. During input design, the input should be designed in such a
manner so as to control the chance of occurring errors in the data entry operation.
Input designing is the process of converting user oriented inputs into computer based formats. Inputs
are the source of data for processing. How the data is fed into the system has to be determined so
that the data is error free and is system specific. The ways in which the data is to be fed into the
system is decided during the input design stage.
Once required data are identified appropriated input are identified. The input medias are used in this
projects are keyboard and mouse.
The input forms used are:
1. Login Form
2. Farmer Registration Form
3. User Account Form
4. Tools Booking Form
5. Fertilizer Booking Form
6. Animal Upload Form
7. Animal view Form
8. Query Form
9. Bank Transaction Form
4.3 OUTPUT DESIGN
Computer output is the most important and direct information source to the user. Output design is a
process that involves designing necessary outputs in the form of reports that should be given to the
users according to the requirements. Efficient, intelligible output design should improve the system’s
relationship with the user and helps in decision making. Since the management for taking decisions
directly refers the reports and to draw conclusions they must be designed with almost care and the
details in the report must be simple, descriptive and clear to the use.
4.4 DATABASE DESIGN
Database design is one of the most important parts of the system design phase. In a database
environment common data are available and are used by several uses. Instead of each program
managing its own data, authorized users share data across applications with the database software
managing the data as an entity. The primary objectives of a data base design are fast response time to
enquiries, more information at low cost, control of redundancy, clarity and ease of use, date and
program independence, accuracy and integrity of the system, fast recovery and availability of
powerful end user languages. The theme behind a database is to handle information as an integrated
whole, thus the main objective is to make information as access easy, quick, inexpensive and flexible
for the users.
Data directory specifies the major element in the system, and care should be taken while designing,
in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of data. The entire package depends on how the data are
maintained in the system. Several tables are maintained in the system to store data that are required
for the processing of various data as well as storing intermediate or final processed results.
4.5 TABLE DESIGN
TABLES
Table Name: Login
Primary Key: id
Foreign Key: NULL
Field Name Data Type Description

Unique user id
Id Int
Name of each User

Uname varchar(MAX)
Password of each User

Pword varchar(MAX)
Type of the User

Type varchar(MAX)
Status varchar(MAX) True/False status of each User
Table Name: Registration
Primary key : Rid
Foreign Key: NULL

Unique Id Of Each Farmer
Rid int
Name Of Each Farmer

Name varchar(50)
Address of the Farmer

Address varchar(50)
Age of the Farmer

Age int
Gender of the Farmer

Gender varchar(50)
E-mail of the Farmer

Email varchar(50)
Phone number of the Farmer

Phone bigint
User name of the Farmer

Uname varchar(50)
Table Name: Tool_Purchase
Primary Key: tpid
Foreign Key: Null
Tpid int Id for Tool_Purchase table
Tname varchar(MAX) Name of the Tool
Ttype varchar(MAX) Type of the Tool
Tprice bigint Price of the Tool
Tstock int Remaining Stock
Items int Number of items to be purchased
Total int Total number of items
Table Name: Fertilizer Purchase
Primary Key: fpid
Foreign Key: NULL

Id of purchased fertilizer
Fpid int
Name of the fertilizer

Fname varchar(MAX)
Type of the fertilizer

Ftype varchar(MAX)
Application mode of the fertilizer

Application varchar(MAX)
Content of the fertilizer

Fcontent varchar(MAX)
Remaining stock of fertilizer

Stock int
Price of the fertilizer

Price int
Number of items to be purchased

Item int
Total items
Total int
Table Name: Fertiliser
Primary Key : fid
Foreign Key: NULL

Id of the fertilizer
Fid int
Name of the fertilizer

Fname varchar(MAX)
Type of the fertilizer

Ftype varchar(MAX)
Application mode of the fertilizer

Application varchar(MAX)
Content of the fertilizer

Fcontent varchar(MAX)
Remaining stock of fertilizer

Stock varchar(50)
Price of each fertilizer

Price varchar(50)
Table Name: Tools
Primary Key: tid
Foreign Key: NULL
Tid int Id of each tool
Tname varchar(50) Name of each tool
Ttype varchar(50) Type of each Tool
Tprice varchar(50) Price of each tool
Image varchar(MAX) Image of the tool
Stock int Remaining Stock
Table Name: Animal
Primary Key: Anid
Foreign Key: NULL
Anid Int Id Of Each Animal
Name Of Each Animal

Aname varchar(MAX)
Price of each Animal

Aprice Int
A brief description about each Animal

Description varchar(MAX)
Image of the Animal

Image varchar(MAX)
Phone number of the farmer

Phone Bigint
Table Name: Bank
Primary key: Bid
Foreign Key: NULL
Bid int Unique bank id
Chname varchar(MAX) Cardholder Name
Accno bigint Account Number
Cvv int CVV code of the card
Ifsc varchar(MAX) IFSC code of the bank
Amount bigint Total amount
Table Name: Market
Primary Key: mid
Foreign Key: NULL
Mid Int Id of each crop
Date Date Date of updation
Crop varchar(MAX) Name of each Crop
Pricekg Int Price per kilogram
Pricekint Int Price per quintal
Table Name: Payment
Primary Key: Pid
Foreign Key: NULL
Pid int Unique payment id
Cname varchar(MAX) Cardholder name
Acno bigint Account number
Ifsccode varchar(MAX) IFSC code of the bank
cvvcode varchar(MAX) CVV code of the card
amount int Total Amount
Date varchar(50) Date of transaction
Table Name: Querry
Primary Key: qid
Foreign Key : NULL
Qid int Unique Id Of Each Query
User name of the farmer

Uname varchar(MAX)
Query varchar(MAX) Query by the farmer
Image varchar(MAX) Image of the crop
Replay from admin

Reply varchar(MAX)
4.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

A Graphical representation is used to describe and analyze the movement of data through a system
manual or automated including the processes, storing of data and delays in the system. Data flow
diagrams are the central tool and the basis from which other components are developed.
The transformation of data, from input to output through process may be described logically and
independently of the physical components associated with the system.
They are termed logical dataflow diagrams, showing the actual implementation and the movement
of data between people, departments and workstations. DFD is one of the most important modeling
tools used in system design. DFD shows the flow of data through different process in the system.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the design is to create architecture for the evolving implementation and to establish
the common tactical policies that must be used by desperate elements of the system. We begin the
design process as soon as we have some reasonably completed model of the behavior of the system.
It is important to avoid premature designs, where in develop designs before analysis reaches closer.
It is important to avoid delayed designing where in the organization crashes while trying to
complete an unachievable analysis model.
Throughout my project, the context flow diagrams, data flow diagrams and flow charts have been
extensively used to achieve the successful design of the system. In my opinion," efficient design of
the data flow and context flow diagram helps to design the system successfully without much major
flaws with in the scheduled time". This is the most complicated part in a project. In the designing
process, my project took more than the activities in the software life cycle. If we design a system
efficiently with all the future enhancements the project will never become junk and it will be
operational.
The data flow diagrams were first developed by Larry Constantine as a way of expressing system
requirements in graphical form. A data flow diagram also known as "bubble chare' has the purpose
of clarifying system requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs
in system design.
It functionally decomposes the requirement specification down to the lowest level. Data Flow
Diagram depicts the information flow, the transformation flow and the transformations that are
applied as data move from input to output. Thus DFD describes what data flows rather than how
they are processed.
Data Flow Diagram is quite effective, especially when the required design is unclear and the user
and analyst need a notational language for communication. It is one of the most important tools used
during system analysis. It is used to model the system components such as the system process, the
data used by the process, any external entities that interact with the system and information flows in
the system.
Data Flow Diagrams are made up of a number of symbols, which represents system components.
Data flow modeling method uses four kinds of symbols, which are used to represent four kinds of
system components. These are
 Process
 Data stores
 Data flows
 External entity
Process
Process shows the work of the system. Each process has one or more data inputs and produce one or
more data outputs. Processes are represented by rounded rectangles in Data Flow Diagram. Each
process has a unique name and number. This name and number appears inside the rectangle that
represents the process in a Data Flow Diagram.
Data Stores
A data store is a repository of data. Processes can enter data, into a store or Retrieve the data from
the data store. Each data has a unique name.
Data Flows
Data flows show the passage of data in the system and are represented by lines joining system
components. An arrow indicates the direction of flow and the line is labeled by name of the data
flow.
External Entity
External entities are outside the system but they either supply input data into the system or use other
systems output. They are entities on which the designer has control. They may be an organizations
customer or other bodies with which the system interacts. External entities that supply data into the
system are sometimes called source. External entities that use the system data are sometimes called
sinks. These are represented by rectangles in the Data flow Diagram.
Symbols are used to construct data flow diagrams. They are symbols that represent data source, data
flows, and data transformations and data storage. The points at which data are transformed are
represented by enclosed figures, usually circles, which are called nodes.
Basic data flow diagram symbols are
A Rectangle defines a source (originator) or destination of a system data.
An Arrow or arc identifies data flow. It is a pipeline through which information flows.
Or
An Oval represents a process that transforms incoming data flow(s) into outgoing data flow(s).
An Open Rectangle with a vertical line is used to indicate data store.
Or
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

FOR
AgriPortal
Context Diagram
Zeroth Level DFD for Admin
Zeroth level DFD for Farmer
First level DFD For Approve User
First level DFD For Add Tools
First level DFD For Add Fertilizer
First level DFD For Update Market Price
First level DFD For Replay to Farmers
First level DFD For Farmer Registration
First level DFD For Book Tools
First level DFD For Book Fertilizer
First level DFD For Send Doubts
First level DFD For Animal
First level DFD For Market Price
SYSTEM
TESTING
5. SYSTEM TESTING
5.1 TESTING METHODS
System testing is the stage of implementation, which is aimed at ensuring that the system works
accurately and efficiently before live operation commence. The logical design and the physical
design should be thoroughly and continually examined on paper ensure that they will work when
implemented.
Testing is divided into four distinct operations:
 Unit testing
 Integration testing
 Alpha testing
 Beta testing
 System testing
 Validation testing
5.1.1 Unit Testing
It is also known as program testing. Unit testing is a method of testing that verifies the individual
units of source code are working properly. A unit is a smallest testable part of an application. In unit
testing important control paths are tested to uncover errors within the boundary of the module. As
soon as a code is developed it has to be tested. It is based on the code that the entire application
works. Hence care has to be taken to ensure perfection in all stages of testing a code.
Unit testing can be done in three different stages:
Self Review: The first step of testing the code developed is done by the developer himself.
Peer Review: Code must be tested by any one of the team members other than the developer.
SQA Review: The final stage of testing the code is done by a member of the software Quality
assurance (SQA) team.
5.1.2 Integration Testing
Integration testing is the phase of software testing in which individual software modules are
combined and tested as a group. Integration takes as its input modules that have been unit tested,
groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests that are defined in the test plan; some different types
of integration testing are as follows:
Big Bang:
In this approach, all or most of the developed modules are coupled together to form a complete
software system and then used for integration testing.
Bottom Up:
The bottom or low level modules, procedures or functions are integrated and then tested. After the
integration testing of lower level integrated modules, the next level of modules will be formed and
can be used for integration testing.
Top Down:
The top down method is an incremental approach to the construction of program structure. Modules
are integrated and tested by moving downward through the control hierarchy, beginning with the
main program module. Then the modules subordinate to the main program module are integrated
and tested.
5.1.3 Validation Testing
Validation testing is the stage that the all the components in the software are working proper. And
ensuring that the system is perfect for doing works. Software validation is the process of testing
software to check whether it satisfies the customer needs or not. The testing is done during and /or at
the end of the process of software development.
Determining if the system complies with the requirements and performs functions for which it is
intended and meets the organization’s goals and user needs. Validation is done at the end of the
development process and takes place after verifications are completed.
5.1.4 System Testing
System testing is the stage of implementation, which is aimed at ensuring that the system works
accurately and efficiently before live operation commence. The logical design and the physical
design should be thoroughly and continually examined on paper ensure that they will work when
implemented.
A product can pass while verification, as it is done on the paper and no running or functional
application is required. But, when same points which were verified on the paper is actually
developed then the running application or product can fail while validation. This may happen
because when a product or application is build as per the specification but these specifications are not
up to the mark hence they fail to address the user requirements.
Advantages of Validation:
1. During verification if some defects are missed then during validation process it can be caught
as failures.
2. If during verification some specification is misunderstood and development had happened then
during validation process while executing that functionality the difference between the actual
result and expected result can be understood.
3. Validation is done during testing like feature testing, integration testing, system testing, load
testing, compatibility testing, stress testing, etc.
4. Validation helps in building the right product as per the customer’s requirement and helps in
satisfying their needs.
Validation is basically done by the testers during the testing. While validating the product if some
deviation is found in the actual result from the expected result then a bug is reported or an incident is
raised. Not all incidents are bugs. But all bugs are incidents. Incidents can also be of type ‘Question’
where the functionality is not clear to the tester. Hence, validation helps in unfolding the exact
functionality of the features and helps the testers to understand the product in much better way. It
helps in making the product more users friendly.
SYSTEM
IMPLEMENTATION
6. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
6.1 IMPLIMENTATION
Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is turned into a working
system. The implementation stage is a system project in its own right. It includes careful planning,
investigation of current system and its constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve
the changeover, training of the staff in the changeover procedure and evaluation of the changeover
method.
The first task in implementation is planning deciding on the methods and time scale to be adopted.
Once the planning has been completed the major effort is to ensure that the programs in the system
are working properly when the staff has been trained, the complete system involving both computer
and user can be executed effectively. Thus the clear plans are prepared for the activities.
Successful implementation of the new system design is a critical phase in the system life cycle.
Implementation means the process of converting a new or a revised system design into an
operational one. This involves the following.
 Creating computer compactable files.
 Training the operating state.
This software can be modified as need occurs. Maintenance includes all the activities after
installation of the software that is performed to keep the system operational. The process of
maintaining involves.
 Understanding the existing software
 Understand the effect of change
 Test for satisfaction
Maintenance can be done to this project by simply adding the new requirements that are the form of
database the system can be modified. The maintenance process also helps to remove an error that
resides in the system even after testing process.
6.2 USER TRAINING
Seminar training is usually performed in hands-on labs offering PC’s and screens for each user.
These sessions guide users through each aspect of the system from the creation of policies, the
operation of the client-side site(s), the monitoring of activity and generation of reports and the
handling of special case situations. These training seminars normally take 2-3 full days. Oceanwide
recommends seminars of between 10-25 persons administered by 2 trainers. All trainees will require
their own PC with Internet access. All training would be performed on the Genoa demonstration site
and database, suitably prepared for the training session.
In the case where there are several physically disparate regions and many individuals to train, costs
may be reduced by training a core group at head office and a user from each operational group in
each region (Administrators, Underwriters, Claims & Accounting), as applicable. These users,
selected for their strong communications skills, would in turn, act as internal support and training
resources for others in the region.
6.3 POST IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW
A good time to start thinking about the Post Implementation Review is when members of the project
team remember the most – shortly after the project has been delivered, and when most of the
problems have been ironed-out. Start to list ideas and observations while they are still fresh in
people's minds. However, to adequately assess the quality of the implementation and complete this
process, you'll need to wait long enough for the changes caused by the project to truly take effect.
There will probably be a period of adjustment before you can finally review the solution as it was
intended to operate: you'll likely need to overcome some of the usual resistance to change, hold
people's hands while they operate new systems, and eliminate technical problems that didn't emerge
when deliverables were tested. You should therefore typically allow a few weeks, or even a few
months, before doing the full PIR. Where possible, allow for at least one, full, successful cycle of
business before reviewing lessons learned.
SYSTEM
MAINTAINANCE
7. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
The maintenance phase of the software cycle is the time in which a Software product performs
useful work. After a system is successfully implemented, it should be maintained in proper manner.
System maintenance is an important aspect in the software development life cycle. The need for
system maintenance is to make it adaptable to the changes in the system environment. There may be
social, technical and other environment changes, which affects a system, which is implemented.
0Software product enhancement may involve providing new functional capabilities, improving user
displays and mode of interaction, upgrading the performance characteristics of the system. So only
through proper system maintenance procedures, the system can be adapted to cope up with these
changes.
Software maintenance is of course, far more than “finding mistakes”. We may define maintenance
by describing four activities that are undertaken to after a program is released for use. The first
maintenance activity occurs because it is unreasonable to assume that software testing will uncover
latent errors in a large software system. During the use of any large program, errors will occurs and
reported to the developer. The process that includes the diagnosis and correction of one or more
errors is called corrective maintenance.
The second activity that contributes to a definition of maintenance occurs because of the rapid
change that is encountered in every aspects of computing. Therefore adaptive maintenance –an
activity that modifies software to properly interface with a changing environment is both necessary
and commonplace.
The third activity that may apply to a definition of maintenance occurs when a software package is
successful. As the software is used, recommendations for new capabilities, modifications to existing
functions, and general enhancements are received from users. To satisfy requests in this category,
perfective maintenance is performed. This activity accounts for the majority of all effort expended
on software maintenance.
SCOPE FOR FUTURE

ENHANCEMENT
8. SCOPE FOR FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
The project “AgriPortal” is designed for any future addition so that any user requirements can be
made easy. Though the system is working on various assumptions it can be modified easily to any
kind of requirements.
Further enhancements are possible even in specific modules as entire system is computerized in
modular approach. The system is flexible enough to incorporate new databases to existing one. The
system can be enhanced for the network which connected different parts of the organization. This
enhancement makes communication speeder. Since the entire system is developed in a modular
approach, modifications if necessary can be done on specific module without disturbing the entire
system.
In future we have to implement some additional features also. We have to agriportal systems in each
agricultural offices. We have to allow courier services online. We can provide tools for rent by
booking through online for agricultural purpose.
CONCLUSION
9.CONCLUSION
The project “AgriPortal” was really a challenging task and we learnt how to use the various features
and functionalities of ASP.net and SQL SERVER. Also we understand the advantage of PDF report
in developing reports.
We also had the opportunity to develop interaction with the entire software team of the company
firm that we collected various documents, which really helped me in this project for great deal.
This project has developed and implemented successfully. It is found for developing a website like
this, a thorough knowledge is needed in ASP.net and SQL SERVER. Also, the pages are designed
fully by tables instead of frames. So that it is tedious process to align the pages correctly.
Agriportal implemented online tools and fertilizer booking. We have provide services to farmers .
We provide a systematic way for the user to register their doubts and get clarifications. It is less time
consuming. And the system also provides a flexible way to sale and buy animals by means of online.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
10.BIBLIOGRAPHY
Text Books
1. Professional ASP.NET 1.0 - Brian Francis, Richard
2. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 database design and implementation, Second edition.
3. Elements Of System Analysis – Marvin Gore
WEB SITE
 www.vbtutor.net
 www.msdn.microsoft.com
 www.tizag.com/sqlTutorial/sqlqueries.php
APPENDIX
11.1 Sample code

Login
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace KarshakMithra
public partial class Login : System.Web.UI.Page
public SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=DESKTOP-DK9L1DK;Initial

Catalog=Agriportal;Integrated Security=True");
public SqlCommand cmd;
public SqlDataAdapter sda;
public DataTable dt;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
protected void BtnLogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
con.Open();
sda = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from Login where uname='" + TxtUname.Text + "'

and pword='" + TxtPword.Text + "' and status='true'", con);
dt = new DataTable();
sda.Fill(dt);
if (dt.Rows.Count > 0)
string a = dt.Rows[0]["type"].ToString();
if (a.Equals("User"))
Session["uid"] = dt.Rows[0]["id"].ToString();
Session["uname"] = dt.Rows[0]["uname"].ToString();
Response.Redirect("~/User/UserHome.aspx");
else if (a.Equals("admin"))
Session["uid"] = dt.Rows[0]["id"].ToString();
Session["name"] = dt.Rows[0]["uname"].ToString();
Response.Redirect("~/Admin/AdminHome.aspx");
else
Response.Write("<script>alert('not a valid user')</script>");
else
Response.Write("<script>alert('not a valid user')</script>");
Registration
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace KarshakMithra
public partial class Registration : System.Web.UI.Page
public SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=DESKTOP-DK9L1DK;Initial

Catalog=Agriportal;Integrated Security=True");
public SqlCommand cmd;
public SqlDataAdapter sda;
public DataTable dt;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
ValidationSettings.UnobtrusiveValidationMode = UnobtrusiveValidationMode.None;
protected void BtnSignup_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
con.Open();
cmd = new SqlCommand("insert into Registration values('" + TxtName.Text + "','" +

TxtAddress.Text + "','" + TxtAge.Text + "','" + RadioButtonList1.Text + "','" +
TxtEmail.Text + "','" + TxtPhone.Text + "','" + TxtUname.Text + "')", con);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd = new SqlCommand(" insert into Login values('" + TxtUname.Text + "','" +

TxtPword.Text + "','User','false')", con);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
con.Close();
Response.Redirect("~/Login.aspx");
11.2 Screen Shots

Home Page
Login
Animal Upload
Add New Tool
Book Tools

Agri Portal

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Sc Computer Science JPM ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE

1.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT

1.2 MODULE DESCRIPTION

2.2. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

 Tools and fertilizers are purchased manually

2.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

2.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Features of the Proposed System

 Tools and fertilizers can be book online.

2.4.1 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

By developing the system we can attain the following advantages:

The proposed system is very much faster than existing system.

Efficient data handling

3.1 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

Operating System : WINDOWS 98 or above

Front End : ASP.NET with C#

Back End : Microsoft SQL 2008

3.2 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Processor : Pentium iii 500 MHz or Above

Hard disk drive : 10.2GB or higher

Keyboard : Any Standard Keyboard

Monitor : Any company’s monitor

Display adapters : Super VGA

Floppy Drive : 3.5, 1.44MB

CD Drive : Any 52X Drives

Printer : Disk Jet 640 or Above

3.3 ABOUT THE DEVELOPING TOOLS

ASP.NET is a web development technology. Some of its features are:

 Support for multiple programming language:

 Separation of HTML code from logic:

 Configuration of XML based applications

 Enhanced debugging support

The .NET Framework

Common Language Runtime

Application domains provide isolation between applications.

Common Type System

Identifies the types supported by the common language runtime.

Metadata and Self-Describing Components

Cross-Language Interoperability explains how managed objects created in different programming

.NET Framework Security

.NET Framework Class Library

Web Application Data Access

Active Server Component and Objects

Microsoft SQL Server

SQL SERVER version

Operating System Used

Back Up and Recovery

The design phase covers

 Review of the current physical system

 Prepares the input specification.

 Prepares the edit control and security specification.

 Specifies the implementation plan.

4.2 INPUT DESIGN

The input forms used are:

2. Farmer Registration Form

3. User Account Form

4. Tools Booking Form

5. Fertilizer Booking Form

6. Animal Upload Form

7. Animal view Form

9. Bank Transaction Form

4.3 OUTPUT DESIGN