DUQM Refinery

Date : Aug.
09, 18 SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL NFEF-60-00-SP-TS-NA-001
Rev : D1 INSULATION – HOT SERVICE Page 2 of 56
CONTENTS
GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Scope ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Project Specifications and Industry Standards .......................................................... 4
1.3. Insulation Types and Applications ............................................................................. 6
1.4. Definitions .................................................................................................................. 9
1.5. Extent of Insulation .................................................................................................... 9
1.6. Requirements ........................................................................................................... 10
INSULATION SYSTEM BASIC DESIGN ........................................................................ 10
2.1. General..................................................................................................................... 10
2.2. Heat Conservation (Type 1) ..................................................................................... 10
2.3. Personnel Protection (Type 2) ................................................................................. 11
2.4. Sound Control (Type 3A, 3B, 3C and Type 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D) .................................. 11
2.5. Steam and Electrical Tracing (Type S, S1, S2 and Type E) ................................... 12
2.6. Steam Jacketing (Type J) ........................................................................................ 12
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................ 12
3.1. General..................................................................................................................... 12
3.2. General Requirements for Insulation Materials ....................................................... 14
3.3. General Requirements for Mineral Wool Insulation................................................. 14
3.4. Mineral Wool Preformed Sections ........................................................................... 15
3.5. Mineral Wool Slab .................................................................................................... 15
3.6. Mineral Wool Mattress ............................................................................................. 16
3.7. Mineral Wool Loose Fill............................................................................................ 16
3.8. Glass Fiber Blanket for Expansion Joints ................................................................ 16
3.9. Removable Flexible Insulation ................................................................................. 16
3.10. Finishing Cement ..................................................................................................... 16
3.11. Weatherproofing Mastic ........................................................................................... 17
3.12. Reinforcing Membrane............................................................................................. 17
3.13. Flashing Compound ................................................................................................. 17
3.14. Barium Loaded Vinyl Sheet for Sound Control Applications ................................... 17
3.15. Fabrication Adhesive for Mineral Wool .................................................................... 18
3.16. Cladding ................................................................................................................... 18
3.17. Fasteners ................................................................................................................. 19
3.18. Floating Rings .......................................................................................................... 20
Information contained in this document is subject to use and disclosure restrictions under the Agreement
Date : Aug. 09, 18 SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL NFEF-60-00-SP-TS-NA-001
3.19. Toggle Fasteners ..................................................................................................... 20

3.20. Screws...................................................................................................................... 20
3.21. Pop-Rivets ................................................................................................................ 20
3.22. Acoustic Anti-Vibration Seals................................................................................... 20
3.23. Expanded Metal ....................................................................................................... 20
3.24. Weld Studs ............................................................................................................... 20
3.25. Material Substitutions............................................................................................... 20
3.26. Ceramic Fiber Blanket for 50-T3201 and 50-V3209................................................ 21
3.27. Lead sheet for Sound Control Applications ............................................................. 21
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................ 21
4.1. General..................................................................................................................... 21
4.2. Straight Pipe Insulation ............................................................................................ 22
4.3. Pipe Insulation Cladding .......................................................................................... 24
4.4. Insulation and Cladding at Pipe Shoes.................................................................... 25
4.5. Insulation and Cladding of Pipe Fittings .................................................................. 25
4.6. Insulation and Cladding of Flanged Joints and Valves............................................ 26
4.7. Equipment Insulation ............................................................................................... 26
4.8. Equipment Insulation Cladding ................................................................................ 27
4.9. Machinery Insulation and Cladding.......................................................................... 30
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 30
5.1. Acoustic Insulation (Type 3A, 3B, 3C and Type 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D) ........................... 30
5.2. Storage Tank (Type 1 and 2) ................................................................................... 31
QUALITY CONTROL, TESTING AND INSPECTION..................................................... 32
6.1. Quality Assurance/Quality Control ........................................................................... 32
6.2. Inspection ................................................................................................................. 32
6.3. Repair of Defects or Damages ................................................................................ 33
GENERAL
1.1. Scope
This specification defines minimum material and field installation requirements for
external thermal insulation and thermal-acoustic insulation of hot temperature service
piping and equipment for the North Field Expansion Project Onshore Facilities FEED.
This specification covers the twelve (14) insulation types, Type 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, 4B,
4C, 4D, S, S1, S2, E and J.
1.2. Project Specifications and Industry Standards

Project Specifications and Industry Standards referenced herein shall be as in the following sub-
articles:
The order of precedence shall be as follows:
1) This specification
2) Referenced Project Specifications
3) Industry Standards
When conflict occurs between the documents, the more stringent requirements shall prevail.
Regarding fireproofing requirements, refer to the following Project Specification:
Document No. Document Title
[1] NFEF-60-83-SP-TS-NA-071 Fireproofing
Industry Standards
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)
Stainless Steel and Heat Resisting Chromium-Nickel

[1] ASTM A167
Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip
[2] ASTM B749 Lead and Lead Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate Products
Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal

[3] ASTM C177 Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded Hot-
Plate Apparatus
Prefabrication and Field Fabrication of Thermal

[4] ASTM C450
Insulating Fitting Covers, Adjunct No.12-304500-00
Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal

[5] ASTM C518 Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow
Meter Apparatus
[6] ASTM C547 Mineral Fiber Preformed Pipe Insulation
Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial

[7] ASTM C553
and Industrial Application
Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe

[8] ASTM C592
Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)
[9] ASTM C612 Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal Insulation
Determination of Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface

[10] ASTM C680 Temperature of Insulated Pipe and Equipment Systems
by the Use of a Computer Program
Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for

[11] ASTM C871
Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
[12] ASTM D579 Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
[13] ASTM D638 Tensile Properties of Plastics
Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss in

[14] ASTM E90
Building Partitions
[15] ASTM E96 Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat

[16] ASTM E162
Energy Source
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE (BSI)
Classification of the Surface Spread of Flame of

[1] BS 476 Part 7
Products
[2] BS 1178 Milled Lead Sheet for Building Purposes
[3] BS1449 Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip
[4] BS 2972 Inorganic Thermal Insulating Materials
Thermal Insulation of Pipe Work and Equipment (in the

[5] BS 5970
temperature range of -100ºC to +870ºC)
ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL USERS ASSOCIATION (EEMUA)

EEMUA Publication 142Acoustic Insulation of Pipes, Valves and Flanges
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION STANDARDIZATION (ISO)
ISO 9000 Series Quality System
1.3. Insulation Types and Applications

Thermal insulation "Types" listed below are for external surfaces of piping and
equipment. Type selection is based on the intended application and is specified on the
P & I Diagrams, Line Index, Piping Isometric Drawings, Piping General Arrangement
Drawings, 3D Modeling and Equipment List.
TABLE I - INSULATION TYPES AND APPLICATIONS
Class Thickness
Type Suffix Application Description Table
1 None Heat Conservation, normal operating temperature from III

61°C through 400°C, 538°C maximum temperature
See Note 1
2 None Personnel Protection (where heat loss is acceptable), IV
normal operating temperature from 61°C through 400°C
maximum temperature
3 A Sound Control (where heat conservation is required in V
conjunction with Class A sound control), normal
operating temperature from 21°C through 400°C, 538°C
maximum temperature
3 B, C Sound Control (where heat conservation is required in VI
conjunction with Class B or C sound control), normal
operating temperature from 21°C through 400°C, 538°C
maximum temperature
4 A Sound Control (where heat loss is acceptable and Class VII
A sound control is required), normal operating
temperature from 21°C through 400°C, 538°C maximum
temperature
4 B,C,D Sound Control (where heat loss is acceptable and Class VIII
B,C, or D sound control are required), normal operating
temperature from 21°C through 400°C, 538°C maximum
temperature
S None Heat Conservation (where steam tracing is required), IX
by low pressure steam trace, 538°C maximum
temperature
S1 None Heat Conservation (where steam tracing is required), IX
by medium pressure steam trace, 538°C maximum
temperature
S2 None Heat Conservation (where steam tracing is required), IX
by low pressure steam trace, 538°C maximum
temperature
E None Heat Conservation (where electrical heat tracing is IX
required), normal operating temperature from 38°C
through 204°C, 538°C maximum temperature
J None Heat Conservation, (where steam jacketing is required), III
normal operating temperature from 38°C through 204°C,
538°C maximum temperature
Note 1: If normal operating temperature of piping or equipment is less than 61°C, insulation for
heat conservation is not permitted unless the nature of the process is such that sudden
or extreme changes in weather conditions could adversely affect operations. In such
cases insulation may be specified for piping or equipment normally operating at
temperatures of 21°C through 60°C.
Insulation types and nominal thicknesses for piping are indicated on the Piping Isometric
Drawings and Line Index. Any conflicts in insulation thickness between the piping
drawings and the tables herein shall be brought to the attention of COMPANY for
resolution prior to starting insulation fabrication.
Insulation types and nominal thicknesses for equipment are specified in Equipment
List/Data Sheet. Any conflicts between the requirements defined herein or on the
Equipment Drawings and Equipment List shall be brought to the attention of COMPANY
for resolution prior to starting insulation fabrication.
Insulation system design shall be based on the normal operating temperature of the
contained fluid with following considerations:
a. For non-jacketed piping furnished with heat tracing, only the normal operating
temperature of the heated process fluid shall be considered. For jacketed piping,
the temperature of the heating fluid shall govern the selection of insulation thickness.
b. For vertical equipment having design fluid temperature variations over the
equipment length, the normal operating temperature range of the fluid shall be used
and the insulation thickness may be varied over the equipment length.
c. Significant variations in temperature from normal operating conditions
(Regeneration conditions, etc.) requires review of the specific insulation system
design.
d. For sound control applications, the Insulation Type shall be appended with a "Class
Suffix" (A, B, C or D). The class suffix identifies the required noise reductions for
the specific system.
e. Minimum noise reductions in dB for specific class suffixes and octave-band center
frequency combinations shall be as specified in EEMUA Publication 142, Table 2
as follows:
Class Minimum Noise Reductions

Suffix dB
Octave-band center frequency Hz
63 125 250 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 8,000
A - - - -5 -10 -15 -20 -20
B - - -5 -10 -20 -25 -30 -30
C - -5 -10 -15 -25 -30 -35 -35
D -5 -10 -15 -25 -30 -35 -40 -40
Where a steel structure is used as a base for the piping, there must be vibration-isolating
pad between the base and pipe support in order to achieve the noise reductions values
of Class Suffix C and D.
The supply and the installation of vibration isolation used for the metal components shall
be done by the mechanical subcontractor.
1.4. Definitions
The term "equipment" includes vessels (towers, drums, spheres, reactors, reboilers, and
exchangers), machinery (pumps, compressors, turbines) and tanks (vertical, cylindrical
storage tanks).
Generic references to the thermal insulation material as "Mineral wool" including
references in ASTM's C547, C592 and C612 to "Mineral fiber" shall be defined as
materials of a rock composition (diabase, silica ore, basalt or similar types), processed
from a molten state into a fibrous form.
"Austenitic stainless steel" includes Types 304, 316, 321 and 347 stainless steel. "High
alloy" includes Monel and Alloy 20 materials.
Unless otherwise specified, "diameter" used in such context as "vessel diameter", "shell
diameter" or "head diameter" refers to the outside diameter of the insulation, not the
outside diameter of the vessel, shell or head.
1.5. Extent of Insulation

Nameplates, stamping, thermowell bosses, steam traps and pressure tappings shall not
be insulated.
The following items shall not be insulated except where otherwise specified:
a. Items that are internally insulated to limit shell temperatures.
b. Expansion and rotation joints.
c. Compressors.
d. Pumps with operating temperatures below 121°C except where insulation is
required for process reasons (viscosity).
The following items shall be insulated when the equipment that they are attached to, or
the line that they are part of, is insulated for heat conservation:
a. Equipment nozzles, and access opening and their covers.
b. Piping and fitting flanges.
c. Control and line valves. Valve bonnets and bonnet flanges shall not be insulated
except as in d. or e.
d. Bonnets of valves NPS 4 and larger, for fluid temperature above 316°C. This
temperature may be lowered if economically justified.
e. Valve bonnets in steam service.
f. The insulation of flanges shall be subject to COMPANY's approval.
Flanges shall not be insulated for the following circumstances:
• Where a mechanical vibration problem is evident or predicted
• On orifice flanges and flanges containing figure-eight blanks
• In sour service or severely corrosive service

• Where frequent thermal cycles exist in excess of 150°F (66°C)
• In hydrocarbon service in excess of 550°F (288°C) or 600 psig (42 kg/m2-g)
• In steam service in excess of 750°F (399°C) or 650 psig (45 kg/m2-g)
For personnel protection, guards shall be installed, rather than insulation, where any of
the following apply:
a. Heat loss is desired.
b. The normal operating temperature is below 200°C and the piping/equipment is
located in a non-hazardous area.
c. The service is intermittent.
Instruments lines up to the connection of instrument to be insulated shall be insulated,
except when the lines are filled with seal fluid or are purged.
Enclosed bottom heads of skirt supported vessels having a skirt diameter of 1,000 mm
and less shall not be insulated unless the operating temperature of the vessel exceeds
175°C or if it is necessary for an operator to enter the skirt in the normal course of his
duties.
1.6. Requirements
If SUBCONTRACTOR proposes materials or method not exactly as specified, but they
are intended to be equal or better in quality or performance, then catalogue, data sheets,
test reports, samples, reasons of change and other supporting information shall be
submitted for approval.
The drawings, specifications and standards are complementary to each other. Where
conflicts occur between documents, they shall be immediately brought to the attention
to COMPANY prior to submission of bids.
After contract award, claims of ignorance regarding the intent and scope of the contract
shall not be allowed.
INSULATION SYSTEM BASIC DESIGN
2.1. General
Twelve (12) basic types of insulation systems are covered by this specification. The
appropriate type shall be applied as specified to piping and equipment as required for
the overall proper performance and safety of the plant.
Insulation systems shall be designated by the "Type" designation listed in Article 1.3, by
COMPANY.
2.2. Heat Conservation (Type 1)

When heat conservation is essential (i.e., when process or utility operations can be
detrimentally affected by heat loss), and/or when normal operating temperature exceeds
60°C and heat conservation is desirable, piping and equipment shall receive a Type 1
insulation system. When provided, Type 1 insulation system shall perform as follows,
based on a range of ambient temperatures from 27°C through 41.7°C, a 2.23 m/s wind
speed and an insulation system surface emissivity of 0.2 (silver polyester resin coated
aluminized steel cladding):
a. The theoretical temperature of the outer surface of the insulation system shall not
exceed 60°C.
b. The theoretical heat loss to the atmosphere from the outside surface of the
insulation system shall not exceed 190 W/m2.
Hard piped jump-over piping shall be insulated for heat conservation.
3Insulation thickness shall be in accordance with Table III.
2.3. Personnel Protection (Type 2)

All piping and equipment having normal operating temperature of 61°C and above,
located within an area 2.1 m above and 1 m beyond walkways or elsewhere, which could
be contacted in the course of normal operating duties, shall be insulated for personnel
protection or isolated by guards which prevent accidental contact. Requirements for
personnel protection shall be indicated on the piping and equipment drawings; however,
the extent of personnel protection shall be determined in the field, after piping and
equipment erection. Surfaces whose temperatures result solely from local climatic
conditions are excluded from personnel protection requirements.
If normal operating temperature is 61°C through 200°C and the piping or equipment is
located in a non-hazardous area, metal mesh guards shall be provided in lieu of mass
insulation. If piping or equipment is located in a hazardous area or if normal operating
temperature exceeds 200°C mass insulation shall be furnished.
Where mass insulation is provided, the theoretical insulation system surface
temperature shall not exceed 60°C, based on a 2.23 m/s wind speed, an insulation
system surface emissivity of 0.2 (silver polyester resin coated aluminized steel cladding)
and an ambient temperature of 41.7°C.
Insulation thickness shall be in accordance with Table IV.
2.4. Sound Control (Type 3A, 3B, 3C and Type 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D)
Insulation design for sound control applications shall be in accordance with EEMUA
Publication 142 and the requirements specified herein.
Where sound control is required in conjunction with heat conservation, piping and
equipment shall receive a Type 3 insulation system. The theoretical thermal
performance of the insulation system shall be in accordance with the requirements
specified in Article 2.2 for heat conservation, insulation Type 1.
a. Insulation thickness for insulation Type 3, Class A applications shall be in
accordance with Table V.
b. Insulation thickness for insulation Type 3, Class B or C applications shall be in
accordance with Table VI.
Where sound control is required and heat loss is acceptable, piping and equipment shall
receive a Type 4 insulation system. The theoretical thermal performance of the
insulation system shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in Article 2.3
for personnel protection, insulation Type 2.
a. Insulation thickness for insulation Type 4, Class A applications shall be in
accordance with Table VII.
b. Insulation thickness for insulation Type 4 Class B, C or D applications shall be in

accordance with Table VIII.
Insulation Type 3 Class C and insulation Type 4 Class C, the 10 kg/m2 mass
requirements specified in EEMUA Publication 142 shall nominally be achieved by
installing barium loaded vinyl sheet immediately beneath the aluminized steel cladding.
Insulation Type 4 Class D, the minimum 15 kg/m2 mass requirements shall be achieved
by installing multiple layers of lead sheet with the aluminized steel cladding.
2.5. Steam and Electrical Tracing (Type S, S1, S2 and Type E)

When steam or electrical tracing is required, piping and equipment shall receive a Type
S, S1, S2 (steam tracing) or Type E (electrical tracing) insulation system. Insulation
system performance required for steam or electrically traced piping and equipment shall
be in accordance with the requirements specified in Article 2.2 for heat conservation,
insulation Type 1.
Insulation shall be oversized to accommodate the required steam or electrical tracer(s).
Steam or electrically traced pumps shall be insulated with removable insulation covers.
Piping to all steam traps except thermostatic types shall be insulated. Piping to
thermostatic type steam traps shall have the insulation terminated approximately 600
mm to 1000 mm upstream of the trap.
Insulation thickness shall be in accordance with Table IX.
Type S2 is dual insulation system with low pressure steam trace between inner
insulation and outer insulation.
The inner insulation thickness shall be followings.
For line size to 1-1/2" : 25 mm
For line size 2" and larger : 20 mm
The outer insulation thickness shall be in accordance with table IX.
Deleted
2.6. Steam Jacketing (Type J)

When steam jacketing is required, piping and equipment shall receive a Type J insulation
system. Insulation system performance required for steam jacketed piping and
equipment shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in Article 2.2 for heat
conservation, insulation Type 1.
Jacketed pumps shall be insulated with removable insulation covers.
Insulation thickness shall be in accordance with Table III.
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1. General
Insulation materials and their application, including all ancillary fastening, coating,
sealing, sheeting and other accessories, shall comply with applicable national and local
government legislation, including safety and health requirements. All applicable federal,
state and local codes and all regulations on application, storage, handling and safety
shall be followed.
All insulation and ancillary materials shall be suitable for both application and service in
atmospheric conditions considered as corrosive, dusty and salt laden conditions.
All materials covered by this SPECIFICATION shall be of high quality, good appearance,
and shall not have any deleterious action on the painted surface to be insulated.
All insulation and non-metallic accessory materials shall be formulated without the
addition of asbestos, tremolite, anthrouphylite, actinolite or a combination of these
minerals. Insulation materials shall be chemically inert, rot proof, vermin proof, non-
injurious to health.
Sheeting material shall have no form of flammable material attached to it. All coatings
applied for weatherproofing, joint sealing, etc. shall have a low flame spread ratings.
Insulating materials to be used on austenitic stainless steel shall contain less than 600
ppm leachable chlorides and more than 20 ppm sodium silicate for each ppm of
leachable chlorides.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit independent test data showing compliance with the
test method and safe use over stainless steel.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall have complete responsible for the compatibility of all
accessories, compounds and finishes with the insulation materials proposed.
The selection of material shall be submitted to COMPANY for the approval prior to
purchasing.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall be solely responsible for his own material take-off, purchasing,
methods and procedures, tools and equipment, and field-safety programs unless
otherwise specified.
Detailed "Material Specifications" including manufacturer's "Product Data Sheets" of the
selected materials, together with samples of major insulation materials shall be provided
for the approval of COMPANY.
All materials shall only be purchased in strict accordance with these documents
approved.
"Fabrication Procedure" of insulating materials and "Installation Procedure" including
"Detailed Installation Drawing" shall be provided for the approval of COMPANY.
"Detailed Insulation Drawing" shall indicate the exact position and use of the materials
approved. All materials shall only be installed in strict accordance with these
documents approved.
Prior to commencing insulation installation activities, SUBCONTRACTOR shall
ascertain that the latest issue of the material manufacturer's Product Data Sheets,
Application Instructions and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are available and that
the installation, material handling and waste disposal procedures to be used include all
manufacturer's recommendations, instructions and all pertinent safety precautions.
The waste disposal shall be conformed to local government legislation and safety and
health requirements.
All accessory materials (i.e. coatings, adhesives, sealants, sealers, etc.) shall be
shipped to job-site in marked, unopened containers/boxes as received from the
manufacturers.
Piping insulation used in areas where the mitigation of fire exposure is necessary shall
have a maximum flame spread index 25 when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or
ANSI/UL 723, and shall maintain those properties that are necessary to maintain
physical and thermal integrity during an emergency when exposed to fire, heat, cold, or
water.
In addition to 3.1.13, pipe insulation assemblies used in areas where the mitigation of
fire exposure is necessary shall be one of the following;
(a) Comprised of noncombustible materials per ASTM E136
(b) Covered by an outer protective stainless steel jacket at least 0.02in. (0.51mm) thick
(c) Covered by an outer aluminum jacket at least 0.032in. (0.81mm) thick
(d) Determined to meet the conditions of acceptance in B.3 of NFPA 274
Where insulation materials can cause corrosion of aluminum or stainless steels,
inhibitors or waterproof barriers shall be utilized.
3.2. General Requirements for Insulation Materials

The primary insulation material for piping and equipment shall be mineral wool.
a. Preformed pipe sections shall be employed for piping and equipment cylindrical
surfaces up to the maximum available size, at least up to 12 inch nominal pipe size
(305 mm equipment shell diameter).
b. Beveled lags shall be employed for 1,800 mm diameter and smaller piping and
equipment cylindrical surfaces where preformed pipe sections are not commercially
available. Beveled lags shall be factory cut from slab insulation.
c. Rigid slabs shall be used for piping and equipment cylindrical surfaces having
outside diameters exceeding 1,800 mm and for equipment head surfaces.
d. Rigid slabs shall be used for lining of removable flange and valve boxes, etc.
Layering requirements shall match those of the adjacent piping or equipment.
e. Mattress shall be applied for insulation of bottom heads of skirt supported
equipment and for irregular equipment surfaces where the installation of preformed
pipe sections, beveled lags or slabs is not practical.
f. Insulation for applications where specified thickness is 65 mm or less shall be
furnished as single layer. Insulation for applications where specified thickness
exceeds 65 mm shall be furnished as multiple layer with maximum thickness of any
layer limited to 65 mm.
Glass fiber blanket shall be used for insulation for expansion joints in piping and
equipment insulation.
Insulating cement shall not be used for piping or equipment as the primary insulation.
Removable insulation shall be used to the maximum extent for flanged items requiring
internal access or frequent maintenance. This includes, but is not limited to, valves,
flanges manways, access openings which must be blinded for service of equipment
(including spectacle blinds), strainers, filters, machinery and removable vessel and heat
exchanger heads.
Removable insulation shall preferentially be encased in metal boxes
Fabrication of pipe fitting covers, flange and valve covers, beveled lags and dished head
segments, as applicable, shall be in general accordance with the guidelines of ASTM
C450, including adjunct No. 12-304500-00.
3.3. General Requirements for Mineral Wool Insulation
Mineral wool materials shall be suitable for continuous service at temperatures from -
50°C to 650°C.
Mineral wool shall comply with the physical characteristics listed in ASTM C612, ASTM
C547 and ASTM C592, and shall, in addition, meet with the following requirements:
a. When tested in accordance with ASTM C871, chlorine contents shall be less than
10 ppm, fluoride shall be less than 10 ppm and total halide content shall not exceed
15 ppm.
b. Shot content: Less than 6% by weight of shot exceeding 250 microns when tested
in accordance with Section 14 of BS 2972, and less than 25% by of shot and/or
coarse fibers between 63 microns and 250 microns.
c. Total content of Sulphur compounds shall not exceed one half per cent by weight.
d. Alkalinity (pH) shall be between 7 and 8.
e. Binder: Resin impregnation shall be during manufacture prior to compressing and
curing.
f. Thermal conductivity, when tested in accordance with ASTM C177 or C518 at a
mean temperature, shall be no greater than the following:
Mean Temp. Thermal Conductivity W/mK

(°C)
Slab/Section Mattress
50 0.037 0.036
100 0.043 0.043
150 0.050 0.051
200 0.060 0.060
250 0.071 0.071
300 0.084 0.083
350 0.097 0.097
400 0.113 0.113
Materials composed in part or in whole of slag shall not be permitted. Materials

composed of glass shall only be permitted where specified herein.
Material shall, when subjected to an accelerated thermal vibration test in accordance
with Section 8 of BS 2972 show no signs of deterioration, settlement or undue fall out,
following a period of 100 hours at 450°C. Alternatively, the manufacturer shall provide
evidence of satisfactory operation in a high vibration service at 450°C for at least 2 years.
3.4. Mineral Wool Preformed Sections

Nominal delivered density of preformed pipe cover shall be 125 to 155 kg/m3.
(Up to 12", pipe cover)
3.5. Mineral Wool Slab
Nominal delivered density shall be of 140 to 200 kg/m3.(Over 12")
3.6. Mineral Wool Mattress

Nominal delivered density shall be 90 to 100 kg/m3 for operating temperatures of 501°C
and lower and 128 kg/m3 for operating temperatures of 501°C through 650°C
Mattress shall be faced with stainless steel wire mesh on both sides, wire mesh inside
and stainless steel expanded metal lath outside, or only glass mat outside.
3.7. Mineral Wool Loose Fill

Mineral wool in loose form for packing shall be in an unbounded state and suitable for
installation at a packing density of 140 - 200 kg/m3.
3.8. Glass Fiber Blanket for Expansion Joints

The packing material for introduction below support rings on vertical piping and
equipment having operating temperatures up to 538°C shall be composed of 100%
selected-grade "Type E" glass fibers fabricated in blanket form without the addition of
resinous or organic binders, shall be suitable for hot face temperatures to 538°C and
shall have a nominal density of 120 kg/m3.
The packing material for introduction below support rings on vertical piping and
equipment having operating temperatures above 538°C shall be composed of needled
silica fiber in blanket form, suitable for hot face temperatures to 1,260°C and having a
nominal density of 150 kg/m3.
3.9. Removable Flexible Insulation

Removal flexible insulation for flanged item shall be one piece cloth construction, split
for application.
All covers shall be machine sewn and stainless steel stitched with stainless steel lacing
securements for fastening together or fitting.
Lacing wire shall be minimum 0.7mm diameter, Type 304 stainless steel.
The design shall be made to standardize on one or two valve and flange covers for the
required range of temperature and submitted to COMPANY for the approval.
Cover materials shall comply with the following:
a. Insulation shall be unfaced fiberglass blanket, 48 Kg/m3 density suit to maximum
use temperature in accordance with ASTM C553.
b. Insulation thickness shall be the same as adjacent pipe insulation.
c. Insulation for all pipe fittings up to 4 inch NPS shall be enclosed with 544 g/m2
(approx.) fiberglass cloth, silicone coated both sides.
Insulation for pipe fittings larger than 4 inch NPS shall be enclosed with 1,088 g/m2
(approx.) fiberglass cloth, silicone coated both sides.
d. Sewing thread shall be pure fiberglass 0.45 mm to 0.55 mm diameter, Teflon coated.
3.10. Finishing Cement

Self-setting finishing cement shall comprise an intimate mixture of non-asbestos
inorganic mineral fibers combined with hydraulic cement and chemically pure inert fillers
which when mixed with clean water, forms a general purpose protective coating suitable
for trowel application and with fast setting properties without the application of heat.
The material shall produce a robust surface layer having breather type weather resistant
properties and resistant to impact and abrasion damage, with a temperature limit not
less than 175°C for continuous service conditions. When dry, the cement shall be free
from cracking other than fine hairline cracks.
3.11. Weatherproofing Mastic

The coating used as a mastic weatherproofing over self-setting finishing cement shall
be a filled polyvinyl acetate co-polymer emulsion suitable for temperatures at coated
surfaces up to 80°C with good tolerance to cold weather before drying and having
characteristics meeting the following minimum requirements:
a. Flammability (wet): Non-flammable.
b. Flame spread (dry): Class 1 per BS 476, Part 7.
c. Service temperature range: -18°C to 80°C.
d. Water vapor permanence: 0.5 Perms at 1.6 mm dry film thickness per ASTM E
96.
e. Color: Aluminum gray.
f. Volume solids: 55%
g. Dry film thickness: 1.35 mm minimum.
3.12. Reinforcing Membrane

The membrane for embedding between coats of weatherproofing mastic shall be an
open weave glass cloth having 18 x 12 threads per 25 mm, a weight of 81 g/m2 and a
10 x 10 leno weave.
3.13. Flashing Compound

The heat resistant sealant for use in flashing of protrusions or sealing of cladding joints
and overlaps shall be a one part silicone rubber paste having the following properties:
a. Tensile strength: 2.4 MPa.
b. Elongation: 500%.
c. Tack-free time: 15 minutes at 25°C/50% relative humidity.
d. Cure time: 24 hours for a 3.2 mm thickness.
e. Color: Red/brown.
f. Service temperature range: -65°C to 250°C.
3.14. Barium Loaded Vinyl Sheet for Sound Control Applications

Barium loaded vinyl for application on Class C acoustic insulation shall be lead free,
acoustically limp sheet conforming to the following and shall be supplied with compatible
adhesive:
a. Sound transmission class (STC): 29 per ASTM E90.
b. Weight: 7.3 kg/m2.
c. Thickness: 3.8 mm nominal.
d. Flammability (surface flame spread index): 25 per ASTM E84.
e. Tensile strength: 238 kg/cm2 per ASTM D638.
f. Fabric break strength: 70 kg/cm minimum warp and fill per ASTM D579.
g. Service temperature range: -20°C to 93°C.
3.15. Fabrication Adhesive for Mineral Wool

Fabrication adhesive for bonding mineral wool to itself or to metal cladding shall be a
fire resistive solvent based resinous adhesive which produces a strong bond between
mineral wool and itself and between mineral wool and the cladding material and shall
have the following properties:
a. Solids content: 70% by volume.
b. Drying time: Bond - 2 to 10 minutes, through - 24 to 36 hours.
c. Color: Gray.
d. Surface service temperature range: -45°C to 150°C.
e. Flammability (dry): Class 1 per BS 476, Part 7.
3.16. Cladding
The metal cladding weather barrier to provide protection from fire, weather, oil spillage,
mechanical wear or other damage shall be aluminized steel of the specified thickness
comprising cold rolled mild steel sheet to BS 1449 Part 1 Grade CR4, or a COMPANY
approved equivalent, hot dip coated with commercially pure aluminum or
aluminum/silicon alloy to a thickness of 89 microns including both sides, equivalent to a
weight of 240 – 270 g/m2 including both sides.
The exposed side of aluminized steel shall be coated with a 17 micron (5 micron primer
coat and 12 micron top coat) silver polyester resin, and back side of the aluminized steel
shall be protected with a 5 micron polyester resin coating. Color of the back side coating
shall be different from the exposed side for identification. Cut edges shall be coated, and
all damage to exterior coating shall be touch-up repaired, including damage from
banding or banding equipment.
The following are acceptable manufacturers:
a. Coated Metals Limited – “Aludip BQ”
b. Nisshin Steel Company
c. An equivalent approved by the purchaser.
Flat cladding shall be used to finish piping insulation. Nominal cladding thickness shall
be 0.6 mm for insulation O.D.'s up to and including 610 mm, 0.8 mm for insulation O.D.'s
exceeding 610 mm.
Flat cladding for vertical equipment with insulation O.D. of 762 mm or less and for all
insulated horizontal equipment shall be the same thickness as Article 3.16.4, 1,000 mm
wide flat sheet or coil.
Profiled cladding shall be used to finish insulation on vertical equipment shells where
insulation O.D. exceed 762 mm. Nominal cladding thickness shall be 0.8 mm.
Cladding shall be cut to suit support ring spacing. Profiled sheets shall be 762 mm
cover width, with 6 mm deep corrugations at 32 mm pitch. SUBCONTRACTOR shall
standardize on this profile throughout the project.
Profiled cladding specified in Article 3.16.6 for vertical equipment may be amended by
prior agreement with COMPANY to suit alternative commercially available sinusoidal or
trapezoidal profiles. Alternative profiles shall have a wind loading strength equal to or
better than the corrugated profile specified, and shall be capable of being lapped 1– 1/2
corrugations.
Cladding for top heads of vertical equipment, bottom heads of leg supported vertical
equipment, end heads of horizontal vessels, conical bottoms, stiffening rings and vessel
transitions, etc. shall be 0.8 mm nominal thickness flat sheet.
Removable metal covers for manholes, equipment flanges, piping flanges, flanged
valves and pumps shall be fabricated from flat sheets having 1.0 mm nominal
thicknesses.
All cladding shall be of prime quality material and shall be furnished factory coated.
Cladding that have not been passed by the manufacturer as "prime quality" and that are
marketed as "seconds", or that have deteriorated in storage are not acceptable.
3.17. Fasteners
Bands and seals for securing insulation and cladding shall be of stainless steel type 304
or 316 to ASTM A167 in the hot rolled annealed and descaled condition.
No burred edges of bands shall be allowed.
Twelve (12) mm wide x 0.4 mm nominal thickness stainless steel bands, shall be used
in the following locations:
a. All single layer pipe and equipment insulation up to 762 mm outside diameter.
b. All outer layers of multiple layer pipe and equipment insulation up to 762 mm outside
diameter.
c. All metal cladding on pipe and equipment up to 762 mm outside diameter.
d. For the fabrication of "S" clips for vertical pipe insulation cladding.
Twenty (20) mm wide x 0.5 mm nominal thickness stainless steel bands, shall be used
in the following locations:
a. All single layer pipe and equipment insulation exceeding 762 mm outside diameter.
b. All outer layers of multiple layer pipe and equipment insulation exceeding 762 mm
outside diameter.
c. All metal cladding on pipe and equipment exceeding 762 mm outside diameter.
Seals for bands shall be heavy duty wing type cut and formed from hard temper 0.8 mm
minimum thickness stainless steel.
Springs shall be compression type fabricated from type 304 or 316 austenitic stainless
steel and shall provide a band loading of approximately 1.43 kg/cm of compression.
Deleted
Wire fastening of piping and equipment insulation shall be soft annealed and shall be
limited to surfaces such as bottom heads within skirts where banding is impracticable,
and to the inner layer(s) of multiple layer insulation. Wire shall be stainless steel type
304 or 316 of the following diameters:
a. 1.2 mm diameter for surfaces up to 762 mm outside diameter.
b. 1.5 mm diameter for surface in excess of 762 mm outside diameter.
Wire mesh for the reinforcement of finishing cement shall be 25 mm hexagonal mesh
with 0.7 mm Monel or stainless steel wire.
3.18. Floating Rings

Floating rings required for securement of insulation on equipment heads shall be
fabricated from 10 mm diameter type 304 or 316 stainless steel rod, formed to a ring
with the ends welded together, or other suitable methods.
3.19. Toggle Fasteners

Toggle fasteners for securement of removable insulated boxes shall be constructed from
type 304 or 316 stainless steel, minimum 1.5 mm thick of a design approve by
COMPANY.
Toggle fasteners shall be sized commensurate with the box concerned, and shall have
all parts fabricated from stainless steel including the catch plate, fixed parts, moving
parts and hinge pin.
3.20. Screws
Self-tapping screws for the securement of metal cladding shall be type 304 or 316
stainless steel, 4.2 mm diameter x 12 mm long.
Screws shall have a cross recessed head slot "Pozidrive" pattern or equivalent and shall
be complete with tight fitting neoprene washers.
3.21. Pop-Rivets
Pop-rivets for the securement of metal cladding in locations where screws are
impracticable, shall be Monel or type 316 stainless steel. Rivets shall be of the self-
sealing type and shall be 4.0 mm diameter for all applications.
3.22. Acoustic Anti-Vibration Seals

Acoustic anti-vibration seals to prevent metal to metal contact shall have a minimum
thickness of 3 mm and a minimum width of 50 mm. For ambient temperatures, seals
shall be of a waterproof synthetic rubber closed foam cell structure (resilient neoprene).
For elevated temperatures, fiberglass tape suitable for temperatures up to 550°C
(Bestobell GE7 fiberglass folded tape or equivalent approved by COMPANY) shall be
used.
3.23. Expanded Metal

Expanded metal for fabrication of guards for personnel protection shall be manufactured
from austenitic stainless steel to ASTM A 167, deburred by wire brushing but not
flattened.
Expanded metal shall be supplied in sheets with the approximate dimensions of 2.44 m
x 1.22 m x 0.9 mm thick with 2.34 mm wide strands, 38.1 mm long way mesh x 15.24
short way mesh.
3.24. Weld Studs

Studs for retention of mesh guards (expanded metal) shall be fabricated from 3 mm x
16 mm type 304 or 316 stainless steel and shall be suitable for welding by arc stud
welding equipment. The studs shall have an aperture which when bent over by
hammer blow shall accommodate expanded metal mesh at a distance of 50 mm from
the hot surface.
3.25. Material Substitutions
Use of materials other than those defined herein requires the prior written APPROVAL
of COMPANY.
Requests for substitution shall be included as an alternate in the bidder’s proposal.
Requests for substitutions after contract award are not acceptable.
3.26. Deleted
3.27. Lead sheet for Sound Control Applications

Lead sheet for application on Class D acoustic insulation shall be in accordance with
ASTM B749, BS 1178, or equivalent.
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
4.1. General
Unless otherwise specified, installation requirements specified in Articles 4.1 through
4.9 pertain to all insulation types. Supplementary requirements for acoustic insulation
and storage tank are identified separately in Article 5.
Insulation shall be applied in accordance with BS 5970, good industrial practice and the
additional requirements specified herein. Finished insulation shall have a neat and
workmanlike appearance to the satisfaction of COMPANY.
Insulation work shall not be started until it has been ascertained that:
a. all appropriate testing has been completed, and
b. application of the specified protective coating system is complete and that any
damaged areas have been properly repaired.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall obtain a written APPROVAL from COMPANY authorizing the
start of insulation work. Such APPROVAL shall define the specific piping and/or
equipment items released for insulation.
With the exception of heat traced piping, piping shall generally be insulated
independently and may only be insulated collectively in specific cases where prior
APPROVAL is given by COMPANY.
Unless otherwise specified, insulation at the junction of insulated and uninsulated lines
shall extend to the first block valve of fitting in the uninsulated line.
The following items, but not be limited to, shall be insulated with removable flexible
insulation. Removable flexible insulation shall be used to the maximum extent.
a. Pipe flanges, flanged pipe fittings, flanged valves, manways, nozzles, heat
exchanger bonnets and channel sections, including channel covers, channel cover
flanges, channel flanges and companion shell flanges.
b. Removable metal boxed insulation may be used as an alternative where prior
approval is given by COMPANY.
Insulation on piping shall be stopped short of flanges, whether they are separately
insulated or not, and beveled back to allow for bolt removal. Adequate protection shall
be provided at these points and at any termination of the insulation to prevent the ingress
of water.
Vessel skirts over 1,000 mm outside diameter shall be insulated on the top inside and
outside surfaces. Smaller skirts shall be insulated on the outside only. Insulation shall
terminate at, or adjacent to, the lower insulation support.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall be responsible for inspecting support rings and/or studs
provided on equipment by the equipment fabricator, to ensure that these have been
installed to specified requirements and have not been damaged or dislodged during
transit/erection. SUBCONTRACTOR shall advise COMPANY immediately of any
remedial WORK that may be required prior to starting insulation work.
Only insulation and accessory materials that have been properly stored, kept dry and
are free from contamination shall be used.
Insulation, fabric and cladding shall be protected from mechanical damage during
construction. Damage by SUBCONTRACTOR shall be repaired without cost to
COMPANY. Damage by others shall be reported in writing to COMPANY.
Surfaces to be insulated shall be free from grease, dirt and other foreign matter.
a. The required degree of preparation for surfaces to be insulated shall be a
combination of hand brushing, dusting and hand application of grease cutting
solvent as found necessary and agreed on in advance with COMPANY.
b. Surfaces shall be thoroughly dry before starting insulation work.
c. The grease cutting solvent shall not contain any halogens and/or shall be
compatible with the paint or coating of the piping/equipment.
d. Surfaces which will not be painted are mentioned in the "Line Index". Before
starting the work, this shall be checked, and if unpainted surface which ought to be
painted is found, this shall be reported in writing to COMPANY.
During wet weather conditions, insulation shall be covered at all times with effective,
temporary polyethylene sheeting or temporary cladding until the final cladding has been
installed. Insulation installation during drizzle conditions may continue only at the
discretion of COMPANY.
Insulation shall be covered with cladding as soon as possible after installation. If it is
impractical to apply cladding, exposed insulation shall be temporarily protected with
moisture barrier, such as an appropriate polyethylene film sealed to the piping or
equipment surface. All exposed ends or edges of insulation shall be protected before
the end of each working day.
Cladding shall not be applied over damp insulation. The installation of cladding shall
be delayed until the insulation material has dried thoroughly. Insulation that has
deteriorated as a result of becoming wet or insulation that cannot be dried shall be
completely replaced, as directed by COMPANY.
The use of broken or defective insulation shall not be permitted. Cracks or voids in
installed insulation shall be permitted only where all reasonable precautions have been
taken to avoid them and they have been carefully packed with loose mineral wool.
Removable insulation shall be installed on the area where required for external
inspection or thickness measurements of piping and equipment on the locations
selected at site by COMPANY.
Removable insulation shall be of the same basic insulation and thickness as the rest of
the insulation and of sufficient rigidity to withstand handling.
4.2. Straight Pipe Insulation
SUBCONTRACTOR shall make provision for the support of insulation and cladding on
vertical piping by supplying approved support rings as per Appendix 1, Figure 22 and
bolting these into position. Carbon steel support rings shall be supplied for carbon and
low alloy steel piping. Austenitic stainless steel support rings shall be furnished for
stainless steel and high alloy piping. Vertical spacing of support rings shall be as
specified in Table II, based on a multiple of 925 mm (1,000 mm cladding length less 75
mm overlap) with additional rings positioned at flanges, elbows, branches and tees) in
accordance with Appendix 1, Figures 23, 24 and 25.
a. Rings for carbon steel pipework shall be coated in accordance with Project Painting
Specification.
b. Stainless steel support rings shall not be painted.
TABLE II – SUPPORT RING SPACING
Normal Operating Spacing

Temperature (mm)
(°C)
up to 100 6,475
101 to 200 4,625
201 to 260 3,700
261 to 360 2,775
above 361 1,850
Pipe insulation half sections shall be placed around the pipe with circumferential joints
staggered by half the length of the section. Pipe insulation sections supplied as hinged
preformed sections shall be installed over horizontal pipe with the hinged portion
uppermost. All joints shall be tightly butted. Pipe insulation supplied as beveled lags
shall have joints tightly butted with circumferential joints staggered by half the length of
the lags.
Single layer sections and sections for the outer layer of multiple layer installations shall
be secured with stainless steel bands. Bands shall be located approximately 50 mm
from the end of each section and at intermediate intervals of 250 mm maximum. Bands
shall be machine tensioned and sealed. Inner layers of multiple layer installations shall
have sections secured with stainless steel wire ties. Wire ties shall be located
approximately 50 mm from the end of each section and at the approximate midpoint of
each section.
Longitudinal and circumferential joints in outer layers of multiple layer installations shall
be offset from those in adjacent inner layers by 90 degrees and half the section length,
respectively.
Expansion joints shall be provided below all insulation support rings on vertical piping.
Expansion joints shall consist of 25 mm installed thickness glass fiber blanket,
compressed 50 to 75 percent during installation of the adjacent pipe cover.
Insulation at flanged joints shall be stopped short of the bolts. Sufficient clearance shall
be left on at least one side of flanged connections for bolt removal without damage to
adjacent insulation. The bolts removal clearance left for all flanged connections except
those at compressors shall be approximately equal the bolt length plus 25 mm. The
clearance left at compressors shall be bolt length plus 100 mm.
Insulation on heat traced lines shall be oversized preformed mineral wool pipe sections
arranged to enclose both the line and its accompanying tracer. Oversized pipe
sections shall be installed to provide a snug fit over the pipe and tube bundle without
gaps in the longitudinal joints.
External tracer loops around pipe flanges and flanged valves in traced piping shall be
independently insulated for their full length. Flange and valves, if approved for
insulation, shall be independently insulated.
Oversized pipe sections may not be required where electric tracing consists of relatively
thin tape or cable. The inside or bore of pipe insulation section may be abraded or
scored to allow a good fit without open joints. Reductions of the insulation thickness in
excess of 6 mm shall not be permitted. SUBCONTRACTOR shall be responsible for
reviewing tracing information and supplying the correct insulation size.
The installation of preformed mineral wool may be impractical for some small bore, close
coupled piping and tubing. In such cases fiberglass tape insulation may be substituted,
where prior APPROVAL is obtained from COMPANY. The tape shall be spirally wound
to the required thickness and shall have ends securely wired into place.
Weatherproofing shall be obtained by an APPROVED reinforced mastic system.
4.3. Pipe Insulation Cladding

Straight pipe insulation shall be finished with flat aluminized steel sheeting rolled to
conform to the insulation diameter and installed with only one longitudinal seam.
Overlaps at circumferential seams between adjacent sheets shall be 75 mm and shall
incorporate a minimum 10 mm ball swage in accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 14.
Overlaps at longitudinal seams shall be 50 mm and shall incorporate a 10 mm ball swage
similar to that indicated in Appendix 1, Figure 14 for circumferential laps. The
longitudinal seams along horizontal pipes shall be arranged at alternate positions of 135°
and 225° between adjacent sheets and placed weather side down. The longitudinal
seams on vertical pipes shall be staggered 45° and placed away from the prevailing
weather conditions.
Except for electrically traced piping, cladding shall be secured with stainless steel bands
positioned at each overlap and with stainless steel self-tapping screws at 150 mm
centers along all longitudinal laps. Circumferential lap joints shall not be screw
fastened. Cladding for electrically traced piping shall be secured with stainless steel
bands only. No screws shall be allowed. Bands shall be positioned at each overlap
and at approximate 300 mm intermediate centers between laps.
All overlaps in the cladding shall be sealed by the application of a gun extruded
continuous bead of flashing compound. The compound bead shall be located within
the ball swage provided at circumferential and horizontal overlaps. The applied bead
shall be a minimum 6 mm diameter, or of sufficient diameter to provide an effective seal
with the overlaps drawn tight.
Due attention shall be paid to the fitting of cladding to ensure proper overlap of seams
and effective sealing where breaks in the cladding occur (e.g., nozzles, brackets,
supports, tracing entry/exit points) to prevent water ingress. Horizontal cladding shall
be slopped approximately 10 mm per meter to ensure rapid water run-off.
All cut outs around projections shall be sealed with a 3 mm minimum dry film thickness
of flashing compound. Cladding collars shall be fitted at locations where flashing
compound by itself is insufficient to prevent water ingress. Collars shall be sealed and
screwed to the main sheet metal and flashed with flashing compound.
"S" clips shall be introduced between individual lengths of metal cladding on vertical pipe
insulation to prevent telescoping. "S" clips shall be fabricated from 12 mm wide x 0.4
mm thick stainless steel band material. In addition, steel angle support clips shall be
pop-riveted to the internal face of the cladding, at locations coinciding with the insulation
support rings. Support clips shall be stopped short of the pipe wall by a minimum
distance of 12 mm.
4.4. Insulation and Cladding at Pipe Shoes

Insulation and cladding around pipe shoes shall be neatly cut away to clear structural
steel and shall be fitted with waterproof closures fabricated from cladding in accordance
with Appendix 1, Figures 19, 20 and 21.
Sufficient clearance shall be allowed at shoes fitted with guides or lateral line stops to
permit free piping movement at each side of the guide or stop.
4.5. Insulation and Cladding of Pipe Fittings

Insulation and cladding of pipe fittings shall be in accordance with Appendix 1, Figures
14, 15 and 16 and the requirements specified herein.
Insulation for threaded and socket weld pipe fittings shall be strips of glass fiber blanket,
wrapped around the fittings and secured with wire. As an alternate, such fittings may
be insulated with preformed mineral wool where maximum operating and design
temperatures do not exceed the product rating. Insulation for butt-weld piping fittings
shall be fabricated from preformed mineral wool rigid pipe sections or slabs and shall be
secured with stainless steel banding or wire as required for adjacent pipe insulation.
Cladding shall be flat aluminized steel sheeting cut and fitted to allow for expansion due
to temperature and to prevent water entry at overlaps and terminations.
All overlaps in the cladding and terminations on piping surfaces shall be sealed using
flashing compound between cladding surfaces or between the cladding and piping
surfaces.
Aluminized steel end caps in accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 13 shall be provided
at all piping insulation terminations. End caps shall be positioned to provide bolt
clearance in accordance with Article 4.2.6.
Insulation on pipe bends shall be mitered segments individually cut to suit the radius of
the bend. Each segment shall be secured with stainless steel wire ties or stainless
steel bands in accordance with the requirements for the adjacent piping. All joints shall
be closely butted, and cracks and voids packed with loose mineral wool.
Cladding over bends shall be aluminized steel lobster back segments with close fitting
waterproof ball swaged parallel to the curved edge, one edge swaged for fitting under
and one edge swaged for fitting over. Swage joints for each segment and all overlaps
shall be sealed with flashing compound. Cladding arrangement shall be in accordance
with Appendix 1, Figure 14.
a. Cladding over insulated 1.5 diameter bends shall generally consist of no less than
seven segments (1 x 7– 1/2°; 5 x 15° and 1 x 7– 1/2°). The number of segments
may be reduced where cladding is constricted at the throat of the bend.
b. Each segment shall be secured by stainless steel self-tapping screws.

The minimum permissible swage size for bend segments shall be varied according to
diameter over insulation as follows:
a. Outside diameters up to 300 mm require a 10 mm swage (5 mm radius).
b. Outside diameters between 300 & 600 mm require a 13 mm swage (6.5 mm radius).
c. Outside diameters over 600 mm require a 16 mm swage (8 mm radius).
4.6. Insulation and Cladding of Flanged Joints and Valves

Flanged joints and valves, subject to the APPROVAL by COMPANY, shall be insulated,
to the maximum extent, with removable flexible insulation designed and manufactured
to suit the shapes/dimensions and maximum use temperature.
Flanged joints and valves may be encased in removable insulated metal boxes in
general accordance with details shown in Appendix 1, Figures 12, 17 and 18 where prior
APPROVAL is given by COMPANY. Box design, fabrication and installation shall result
in waterproof, insulated enclosures that can be readily removed and reinstalled.
a. Boxes shall be constructed from specified thick aluminized steel flat sheeting and
shall incorporate circumferential lock seams.
b. Boxes shall be fabricated in two sections and shall incorporate 25 mm cladding
overlaps between sections. Sections shall be fastened together with stainless
steel quick release toggle fasteners. Boxes shall be provided with a drip pipe
located at the lowest point of the assembly.
For flammable liquid service, a flange wrapper of metal cladding with a drip tube at
the bottom shall be provided.
Drip tube and wrapper of metal cladding need not be installed when covered with
removable flexible insulation whose interior surface is impermeable.
c. The number of toggle fasteners used on each box side shall be as shown in
Appendix 1, Figures 12 and 18 but may be varied according to the box size
Approved by COMPANY. Alternative arrangements employing stainless steel
self-tapping screws for fastening as shown in Appendix 1, Figure 17 may be used
only where prior APPROVAL is given by COMPANY.
All valve boxes shall be constructed so that insulation is terminated beneath the packing
gland and packing adjustment bolts. Boxes fitted on ball, plug or butterfly valves shall
allow sufficient hand clearance during operation of the valve lever.
Flange and valve boxes shall be lined on all internal surfaces with preformed mineral
wool sections or slabs and a separate layer of stainless steel wire mesh on the internal
surface or hot face. Insulation thickness shall be equivalent to that applied on adjacent
piping.
a. Metal tabs fabricated from aluminized steel sheet shall be riveted to the inside of
the boxes with Monel or type 316 stainless steel pop-rivets. Tab length, quantity
and placement shall be sufficient to firmly retain the insulation and wire netting.
b. Securing insulation by an adhesive or by friction grip washers attached to steel pins
is not acceptable.
4.7. Equipment Insulation

Shell sections of vertical and horizontal equipment shall be insulated with preformed
pipe sections up to the maximum available size, at least up to NPS 12 (305 mm
equipment shell diameter). Beveled lags shall be used for 1,800 mm diameter and
smaller shell sections where preformed pipe sections are not commercially available.
Rigid slabs shall be used for shell sections having outside diameters exceeding 1,800
mm.
a. Insulation shall be applied in one or more layers to the thicknesses specified. All
joints shall be carefully fitted. Circumferential joints shall be staggered for
horizontal equipment and longitudinal joints shall be staggered for vertical
equipment.
b. All joints in the outer layer of multiple layer installations shall be staggered with
respect to inner layer joints (staggered, broken block construction).
Insulation shall be secured with stainless steel bands, machine tensioned and sealed.
Bands shall be positioned at 250 mm centers on vertical equipment and at 300 mm
centers on horizontal equipment. Expansion band shall be used in case where the
relationship of diameter (meters) x temperature (°C) is equal to, or exceeds, 1,000.
Insulation shall be supported from insulation supports provided by the equipment
fabricator in accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 1 (vertical equipment) or Appendix 1,
Figure 2 (horizontal equipment) as appropriate.
Expansion joints shall be provided beneath insulation support rings on vertical
equipment. Expansion joints shall consist of 25 mm installed thickness glass fiber
blanket, compressed 50 to 75 percent during installation of the adjacent insulation.
Except as noted in Article 4.7.6 below, insulation for vessel and exchanger heads above
1,000 mm outside diameter shall be with rigid slabs. Slabs shall be secured with
stainless steel bands anchored at a stainless steel floating ring supplied by
SUBCONTRACTOR.
Insulation for bottom heads and inside skirt surfaces of vessels over 1,000 mm outside
diameter shall be either curved or standard flat bonded rigid slabs secured by stainless
steel wire or band to insulation rods provided by the equipment fabricator. The
insulation shall be finished with self-setting finishing cement applied over wire mesh.
Thickness of cement shall be adequate to fill in and key into the wire mesh and provide
an approximate 6 mm cover or cap over the outermost surfaces of the wire mesh.
Insulation for 1,000 mm outside diameter and smaller vessel and exchanger heads shall
be in the form of circular discs fabricated from slab insulation. Voids formed local to
the knuckle radius of the head shall be packed with loose mineral wool to an approximate
installed density of 140 - 200 kg/m3. Insulation discs shall retained with stainless steel
bands on the shell insulation which has been extended to enclose the discs in
accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 4.
Insulation at equipment flanges shall be stopped short of the bolts. Sufficient clearance
shall be left on at least one side of flanged connections for bolt removal without damage
to adjacent insulation. The bolt removal clearance left for all flanged equipment
connections except those at compressors shall be approximately equal the bolt length
plus 25 mm. The clearance left at compressors shall be bolt length plus 100 mm.
Insulation shall be fitted as closely as possible around equipment nozzles. All gaps
and crevices shall be packed with loose mineral wool to an approximate installed density
of 140 - 200 kg/m3.
4.8. Equipment Insulation Cladding
Insulation on the shell sections of vertical equipment above 762 mm diameter shall be
finished with 0.8 mm thick corrugated aluminized steel sheets.
a. Sheets shall be lapped a minimum of 1– 1/2 corrugations vertically and 75 mm
horizontally and shall be installed weather side down.
b. Top sections of sheets shall be secured to support rings with stainless steel self-
tapping screws through valleys at 153 mm pitch.
c. Sheets shall be additionally secured through vertical overlaps with stainless steel
self-tapping screws at 150 mm pitch and with stainless steel bands at 450 mm
centers, including one band over each circumferential overlap. Bands shall be
machine tensioned and sealed.
Corrugated sheets on vertical equipment shall be supplied to suit support ring spacing.
No circumferential seam is allowed between support rings.
a. Sheeting installation shall start from the lowest course. Sheets shall be secured
from the top by screwing directly into the insulation support ring.
b. Subsequent courses shall also be progressively secured from the top by screwing
into the insulation support rings and allowing the bottom of the sheets to overlap
without screw fastening to the underlying sheet.
c. Weather resistant eaves filler strips of foamed plastic shall be incorporated beneath
corrugated cladding level with and at its termination at the bottom insulation support
ring. The filler strip shall be factory contoured to follow the metal cladding profile.
Insulation on the shell sections of horizontal equipment above 610 mm diameter shall
be finished with 0.8 mm thick flat aluminized steel sheeting. Sheets shall lapped a
minimum of 75 mm both circumferentially and longitudinally and shall be installed
weather side down.
a. Sheets shall be secured with stainless steel self-tapping screws at 150 mm pitch
through longitudinal overlaps and with stainless steel bands at 450 mm centers,
including one band over each circumferential overlap.
b. Bands shall be machine tensioned and sealed.
Heads of vertical and horizontal equipment and exchangers above 1,000 mm outside
diameter, other than those within a skirt, shall be finished with 0.8 mm thick flat
aluminized steel sheeting in radial segments from a central disc or ring.
a. Each segment shall be swaged and lapped a minimum of 50 mm and shall be
flashed over/under the shell cladding for a distance of 75 mm to preclude the entry
of rain water.
b. Fastening shall be by stainless steel self-tapping screws through overlaps and to
shell cladding at 100 mm centers.
Head insulation for 1,000 mm outside diameter and smaller equipment and exchanger
heads shall be finished with a flat metal end cap fabricated from 0.8 mm thick flat
aluminized steel sheeting incorporating a lock formed corner.
a. All overlaps shall be a minimum of 50 mm and shall be secured to the shell cladding
by stainless steel self-tapping screws.
Insulation over the remaining portions of 1,000 mm outside diameter and smaller
equipment shall be protected with aluminized steel cladding as described for pipe
insulation under Article 4.3.
Vessel manways, heat exchanger bonnets and channel sections, including channel
covers, channel cover flanges, channel flanges and companion shell flanges shall be
provided with removable flexible insulation. When prior APPROVAL is given by
COMPANY, these parts may be provided with weatherproof removable covers
constructed from specified thick aluminized steel flat sheeting with circumferential lock
formed joints.
a. Cover fabrication shall be one piece for manways and two or more pieces for heat
exchanger bonnets and channel sections. Covers shall be constructed with 25
mm overlaps and shall be secured in place with a sufficient quantity of stainless
steel quick release toggle fasteners to provide stability in service.
b. Removable covers covering flanged joints shall be provided with a drip tube at the
lowest point in accordance with Article 4.6.2.b.
c. Each cover section shall be provided with stainless steel lifting handles to facilitate
handling. Cover size and configuration shall allow easy handling by one or two
men.
d. Removable covers shall be lined on all internal surfaces with preformed mineral
wool rigid sections or slabs and a separate layer of stainless steel wire mesh on the
internal surface or hot face. Insulation thickness shall be equivalent to that applied
on adjacent piping. Metal tabs fabricated from aluminized steel sheet shall be
riveted to the inside of the boxes with Monel or type 316 stainless steel pop-rivets.
Tab length, quantity and placement shall be sufficient to firmly retain the insulation
and wire netting. Fastening insulation by an adhesive or by friction grip washers
attached to steel pins is not acceptable.
All overlaps in the cladding shall be sealed by the application of a gun extruded bead of
flashing compound. The bead shall be located within the ball swage provided at
circumferential and horizontal overlaps. The applied bead shall be a minimum 6 mm
diameter, or of sufficient diameter to provide an effective seal with the overlaps drawn
tight.
Due attention shall be paid to the fitting of cladding to ensure proper overlap of seams
and effective sealing where breaks in the cladding occur (e.g., nozzles, brackets,
supports, etc.) to ensure rapid water run-off and to prevent water ingress. Horizontal
cladding shall be sloped approximately 10 mm per meter to ensure rapid water run-off.
All cut outs around projections shall be sealed with a 3 mm minimum dry film thickness
of flashing compound. Cladding collars shall be fitted at locations where flashing
compound by itself is insufficient to prevent water ingress. Collars shall be sealed and
screwed to the main sheet metal and flashed with flashing compound.
a. Cut out in metal cladding to allow for protrusions such as nozzles, manways,
stairways, saddles and supports shall be made accurately and shall allow for
differential movement between the equipment and the cladding.
b. The cut edges of metal shall be free from any jagged edges or uneven cutting for
which purpose, actual work face snipping shall be kept to a minimum.
Exposed insulation faces at insulation terminations points occurring each side of
exchangers and other equipment flanges, manways, nozzles, etc. shall be provided with
aluminized steel end caps in accordance with Appendix 1, Figures 10, 11 and 13.
Expansion bands for retention of equipment cladding shall be used in cases where the
relationship of diameter (meters) x temperature (°C) is equal to, or exceeds, 1,000.
4.9. Machinery Insulation and Cladding

Heat traced pumps shall be fitted with removable flexible insulation or metal boxed
insulation. Metal boxed insulation shall be fabricated with specified thick aluminized
steel sheeting and carbon steel angle iron framework.
Unless otherwise specified, pumps with operating temperatures below 121°C except
where insulation is required for process reasons, and pumps that are not heat traced
shall not be insulated. Personnel protection shall be with open mesh guards and/or
protective fencing/railings.
a. Guards shall be of a removable design and shall constructed from austenitic
stainless steel.
b. Guards shall be constructed in such a way as to ensure that all raw metal edges
are properly protected.
Unless otherwise specified, turbine and large machinery surface shall be insulated with
removable blanket-lined metal sections or flexible covers. Irregular surface (excluding
flange) may be covered with insulating cement and weatherproofed with reinforced
mastic. Machinery insulation shall be designed to minimize damage during
maintenance.
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1. Acoustic Insulation (Type 3A, 3B, 3C and Type 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D)
Requirements for acoustic insulation of piping shall be in accordance with those
specified for hot insulation under Material Requirements Article 3, Installation
Requirements Article 4, and the additional requirements of this Article.
Cladding for insulation Type 3 or 4, Class A or B applications shall be aluminized steel
sheet. Cladding for insulation Type 3 or 4, Class C applications only, shall consist of
an inner barium loaded vinyl sheet layer covered by aluminized steel sheet.
Anti-vibration seals shall be incorporated at all positions where metal to metal contact
between insulation cladding and the pipe/fitting or its attachments would normally occur.
Anti-vibration seals shall be in general accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 26. The
seals shall have a minimum thickness of 3 mm and a minimum width of 50 mm.
The termination of the cladding or lap onto the anti-vibration seal shall be in the form of
a profiled collar ring fabricated from cladding as per Appendix 1, Figure 26.
All gaps and voids in the insulation shall be filled with mineral wool loose fill and all
seams, overlaps and joints in the cladding shall be properly sealed with a 6 mm minimum
diameter continuous bead of flashing compound.
For Class Suffix B, C, and D locations on vertical pipes where angle support clips are
riveted to the inside of the cladding (i.e., positions coinciding with the insulation support
rings), shall have vibration isolating pads introduced between contact faces in
accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 29.
Insulation at trunnion type pipe supports shall be extended along the trunnion arms as
far as practical. Insulation shall be applied in the same fashion as that required for a
tee or branch connection in accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 16 except that the
termination shall be closed with an aluminized steel cap incorporating an anti-vibration
seal per Appendix 1, Figure 26.
Elbow anchors or trunnion supports for vertical pipes shall have insulation extended
down the trunnion leg as far as practical in accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 28. The
open end at the bottom shall be finished with aluminized steel cap incorporating anti-
vibration seal in accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 26.
Valves provided with removable insulation covers in accordance with Article 4.6 shall
have an anti-vibration seal incorporated in the annular space between the metal cover
and the valve stem.
End caps at valves or flanges shall have anti-vibration seals installed between the end
cap and the pipe.
Pipe support shoes shall be insulated as indicated in Appendix 1, Figure 27A.
When vibration-isolating pad is not provided between pipe shoes and structure, pipe
support shoe shall be insulated as indicated in Appendix 1, Figure 27 with the following
procedures:
a. SUBCONTRACTOR shall supply sufficient mineral wool pipe sections in two halves
and of the required thickness for the full length of pipe involved at each pipe support
position. Fifty percent of this material shall be made freely available for
COMPANY to form insulation cradles in combination with load bearing inserts for
bonding to the lower half bearing plate.
b. SUBCONTRACTOR shall complete the insulation and cladding over the top half,
and shall extend the cladding over the lower half bearing plate by 50 mm and retain
this in position with stainless steel bands.
c. All overlaps and terminations shall be made weatherproof with flashing compound.
d. The 7 mm thick steel cover plates supplied as a free issue by COMPANY, shall be
installed by SUBCONTRACTOR and shall be retained by two stainless steel bands
taken through the existing banding clips welded to the bearing plate.
e. The space between the aluminized steel cladding and the inside of the cover plate,
varying from 7 mm to 19 mm according to size, shall be progressively filled with
glass fiber blanket and the ends sealed with reinforced mastic.
Metal cladding over acoustic insulation on pipes shall be earthed using earthing wire of
minimum size 10 mm2, as follows:
a. Earthing wire shall be installed between the adjacent metal cladding for the intervals
of 25 to 30 meters.
b. The connection of the earthing wire to metal cladding may be carried out using self-
tapping screws.
c. Earthing wire shall be installed between metal cladding to earthing lug at each end.
Lead sheets for insulation Type 4. Class D, must not be burned to cut size and scraps
must be safely disposed.
5.2. Storage Tank (Type 1 and 2)

Requirements for insulation of vertical storage tank shall be in accordance with those
specified for hot insulation under Material Requirements Article 3, Installation
Requirements Article 4, and the additional requirements of this Article.
No insulation shall be installed between the areas from the base of tank to the lowest
insulation support ring.
Insulation on shell section of storage tank shall be secured with stainless steel bands
tightened between the vertical band rods provided by tank fabricator.
Insulation and metal sheeting on tank roof shall be secured using welded insulation pin
studs installed by tank fabricator.
Clips for studs shall be supplied by tank fabricator and installed by SUBCONTRACTOR.
Insulation shall be applied in accordance with Appendix 1, Figure 30.
QUALITY CONTROL, TESTING AND INSPECTION
6.1. Quality Assurance/Quality Control

SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit to COMPANY for APPROVAL, his proposed quality
assurances manual in accordance with ISO 9000 series Quality System, and quality
control and detailed test procedures for all insulation materials.
Tests to be undertaken shall include physical properties of all insulation materials
specified in Article 3, uniformity and thickness of coating on aluminized steel sheets, etc.
The quality control procedure for all insulation materials shall be in the form of an
inspection and test plan which references all test procedures, number of sampling,
witness points, acceptance and rejection criteria, frequency of testing and how the
quality is measured and maintained.
Where appropriate, results shall be plotted on statistical control charts showing upper
and lower limits of acceptance.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall supply TEST CERTIFICATES and/or LETTER OF
COMPLIANCE of all materials indicating all test results of the applicable tests required
by this specification.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall also submit to COMPANY for APPROVAL, his proposed
quality control and test procedures covering all phases of the field installation of
insulation system.
6.2. Inspection
SUBCONTRACTOR shall advise COMPANY and allow ample notice before starting
specific insulation work.
COMPANY's inspector shall be afforded all reasonable facilities for carrying out his
duties in verifying that the insulation work is executed in accordance with the specified
requirements.
COMPANY's inspector shall have the right to inspect and test the insulation and cladding
at all stages, including any subsequent repairs. COMPANY's inspector may reject any
and all tools, instruments, materials, staging, equipment or work which does not conform
to this specification.
The acceptance or rejection of completed or partially completed insulation work is the
sole right of COMPANY or his representative.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the replacement and repair of any
insulation and/or cladding removed during COMPANY's inspection.
Any defective or rejected insulation and cladding as identified by markings made by
COMPANY's inspector, shall be repaired or replaced by SUBCONTRACTOR in
accordance with Article 6.3.
Prior to final acceptance of completed work, a joint inspection shall be made by

SUBCONTRACTOR and COMPANY and an agreed inspection report signed by both
parties.
All tools, instruments required for shop/field inspection shall be provided by
SUBCONTRACTOR.
6.3. Repair of Defects or Damages

The proposed method and conditions under which repairs are carried out shall be
approved by COMPANY's inspector before starting repairs.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit "Repair Procedure" to COMPANY for the approval.
a. Repair of minor defects shall generally be of a localized nature.
b. Repair of major defects shall involve more extensive removal and replacement of
the insulation system, at the discretion of COMPANYs' inspector.
Insulation and/or cladding sustaining damage shall be marked, removed and repaired.
All repairs shall be carried out to the requirements of Article 4 and 5 of this specification.
TABLE III
NOMINAL INSULATION THICKNESS (mm) FOR PIPING AND EQUIPMENT

INSULATION TYPE 1 - HEAT CONSERVATION
and
INSULATION TYPE J - HEAT CONSERVATION,
WHERE STEAM JACKETING IS REQUIRED
NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE, °C

NOMINAL
61- 101- 151- 201- 251- 301- 351- 401-
PIPE SIZE
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0.50 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 75.0
0.75 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 65.0 80.0
1.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 85.0
1.50 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0
2.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 95.0
2.50 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 100.0
3.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 105.0
4.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 110.0
5.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 115.0
6.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 100.0 120.0
8.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 100.0 125.0
10.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 130.0
12.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 135.0
14.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0 100.0 115.0 140.0
16.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 140.0
18.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
20.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
24.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 150.0
30.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 140.0 155.0
36.00 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 140.0 160.0
42.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 155.0 160.0
48.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
54.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
60.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 165.0
72.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 170.0
84.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
96.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
108.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
120.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 115.0 140.0 190.0 190.0
*144.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 115.0 155.0 190.0 190.0
* Insulation thickness for items having diameters above 144 inches (3,560 mm) shall be identical to
the thickness required for 144 inch diameter.
TABLE IV

INSULATION TYPE 2 - PERSONNEL PROTECTION

NOMINAL
61- 101- 151- 201- 251- 301- 351- 401-
PIPE SIZE
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0.50 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 75.0
0.75 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0
1.00 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 85.0
1.50 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0
2.00 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 95.0
2.50 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0
3.00 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 105.0
4.00 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 110.0
5.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 115.0
6.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 120.0
8.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 125.0
10.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 100.0 130.0
12.00 25.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 135.0
14.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 140.0
16.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 140.0
18.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
20.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
24.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 150.0
30.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 140.0 155.0
36.00 40.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 140.0 160.0
42.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 155.0 160.0
48.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
54.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
60.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 165.0
72.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 170.0
84.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
96.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
108.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
120.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 115.0 140.0 190.0 190.0
*144.00 40.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 115.0 155.0 190.0 190.0
TABLE V

INSULATION TYPE 3 - SOUND CONTROL, WHERE CLASS A SOUND
CONTROL IS REQUIRED IN CONJUNCTION WITH HEAT CONSERVATION

NOMINAL
21- 101- 151- 201- 251- 301- 351- 401-
PIPE SIZE
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0.50 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 75.0
0.75 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 65.0 80.0
1.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 85.0
1.50 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0
2.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 95.0
2.50 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 100.0
3.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 105.0
4.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 110.0
5.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 115.0
6.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 100.0 120.0
8.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 100.0 125.0
10.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 130.0
12.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 135.0
14.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 80.0 100.0 115.0 140.0
16.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 140.0
18.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
20.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
24.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 150.0
30.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 140.0 155.0
36.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 140.0 160.0
42.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 155.0 160.0
48.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
54.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
60.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 165.0
72.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 170.0
84.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
96.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
108.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
120.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 115.0 140.0 190.0 190.0
*144.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 115.0 155.0 190.0 190.0
TABLE VI

INSULATION TYPE 3 - SOUND CONTROL, WHERE CLASS B OR C SOUND
CONTROL IS REQUIRED IN CONJUNCTION WITH HEAT CONSERVATION

NOMINAL
21- 101- 151- 201- 251- 301- 351- 401-
PIPE SIZE
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0.75 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 105.0
4.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 110.0
5.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0
6.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 120.0
8.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 125.0
10.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 130.0
12.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 135.0
14.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 140.0
16.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 140.0
18.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
20.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
24.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 140.0 150.0
30.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 140.0 155.0
36.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 140.0 160.0
42.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 155.0 160.0
48.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
54.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
60.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 165.0
72.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 170.0
84.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
96.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
108.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
120.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 140.0 190.0 190.0
*144.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 155.0 190.0 190.0
TABLE VII

INSULATION TYPE 4 - SOUND CONTROL, WHERE CLASS A SOUND
CONTROL IS REQUIRED AND HEAT LOSS IS ACCEPTABLE

NOMINAL
21- 101- 151- 201- 251- 301- 351- 401-
PIPE SIZE
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0.50 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 75.0
0.75 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0
1.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 85.0
1.50 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 90.0
2.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 95.0
2.50 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0
3.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 105.0
4.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 80.0 90.0 110.0
5.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 115.0
6.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 90.0 120.0
8.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 125.0
10.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 100.0 130.0
12.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 90.0 115.0 135.0
14.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 140.0
16.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 140.0
18.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
20.00 50.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
24.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 150.0
30.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 140.0 155.0
36.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 140.0 160.0
42.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 115.0 155.0 160.0
48.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
54.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
60.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 165.0
72.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 170.0
84.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
96.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
108.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
120.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 115.0 140.0 190.0 190.0
*144.00 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 115.0 155.0 190.0 190.0
TABLE VIII

INSULATION TYPE 4 - SOUND CONTROL, WHERE CLASS B, C AND D SOUND
CONTROL IS REQUIRED AND HEAT LOSS IS ACCEPTABLE

NOMINAL
21- 101- 151- 201- 251- 301- 351- 401-
PIPE SIZE
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0.75 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 105.0
4.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 110.0
5.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0
6.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 120.0
8.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 125.0
10.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0
12.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 135.0
14.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 140.0
16.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 140.0
18.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
20.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 145.0
24.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 140.0 150.0
30.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 140.0 155.0
36.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 140.0 160.0
42.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 155.0 160.0
48.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
54.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 155.0 165.0
60.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 165.0
72.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 165.0 170.0
84.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
96.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
108.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 140.0 180.0 180.0
120.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 140.0 190.0 190.0
*144.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 155.0 190.0 190.0
TABLE IX

INSULATION TYPE S, S1, S2 (Note 1) - HEAT CONSERVATION,
WHERE STEAM TRACING IS REQUIRED
AND
INSULATION TYPE E - HEAT CONSERVATION,
WHERE ELECTRICAL HEAT TRACING IS REQUIRED

NOMINAL
38- 101- 151- 201-
PIPE SIZE
100 150 200 250
0.50 30.0 30.0 30.0 40.0
0.75 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0
1.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0
1.50 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0
2.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0
2.50 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0
3.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
4.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
5.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
6.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
8.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
10.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
12.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
14.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
16.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0
18.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0
20.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0
24.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0
30.00 30.0 30.0 40.0 65.0
36.00 30.0 30.0 50.0 65.0
42.00 30.0 30.0 50.0 65.0
48.00 30.0 30.0 50.0 65.0
54.00 30.0 30.0 50.0 65.0
60.00 30.0 30.0 50.0 80.0
72.00 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0
84.00 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0
96.00 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0
108.00 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0
120.00 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0
*144.00 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0
* Insulation thickness for items having diameters above 144 inches (3,560 mm) shall be
identical to the thickness required for 144 inch diameter.
Note 1: Inner insulation thickness of Type S2 shall be followings.

For line size to 1-1/2" : 25 mm
For line size 2" and larger : 20 mm

DUQM Refinery

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Date : Aug.

09, 18 SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL NFEF-60-00-SP-TS-NA-001

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3.19. Toggle Fasteners ..................................................................................................... 20

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1.2. Project Specifications and Industry Standards

Regarding fireproofing requirements, refer to the following Project Specification:

Document No. Document Title

[1] NFEF-60-83-SP-TS-NA-071 Fireproofing

Document No. Document Title

Stainless Steel and Heat Resisting Chromium-Nickel

Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal

Prefabrication and Field Fabrication of Thermal

Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal

[6] ASTM C547 Mineral Fiber Preformed Pipe Insulation

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Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial

Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe

Determination of Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface

Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for

[12] ASTM D579 Greige Woven Glass Fabrics

[13] ASTM D638 Tensile Properties of Plastics

Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss in

[15] ASTM E96 Water Vapor Transmission of Materials

Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE (BSI)

Document No. Document Title

Classification of the Surface Spread of Flame of

[2] BS 1178 Milled Lead Sheet for Building Purposes

[3] BS1449 Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip

[4] BS 2972 Inorganic Thermal Insulating Materials

Thermal Insulation of Pipe Work and Equipment (in the

ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL USERS ASSOCIATION (EEMUA)

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1.3. Insulation Types and Applications

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TABLE I - INSULATION TYPES AND APPLICATIONS

1 None Heat Conservation, normal operating temperature from III

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Class Minimum Noise Reductions

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1.5. Extent of Insulation

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• In sour service or severely corrosive service

INSULATION SYSTEM BASIC DESIGN

2.2. Heat Conservation (Type 1)

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2.3. Personnel Protection (Type 2)

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b. Insulation thickness for insulation Type 4 Class B, C or D applications shall be in

2.5. Steam and Electrical Tracing (Type S, S1, S2 and Type E)

2.6. Steam Jacketing (Type J)

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3.2. General Requirements for Insulation Materials

3.3. General Requirements for Mineral Wool Insulation

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Mean Temp. Thermal Conductivity W/mK

Materials composed in part or in whole of slag shall not be permitted. Materials

3.4. Mineral Wool Preformed Sections

3.5. Mineral Wool Slab

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