Technical Drawing

MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Prepare and interpret technical drawing
MODULE TITLE: Preparing and interpreting technical drawing
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:This module covers the knowledge, skills, and

attitudes needed to prepare and interpret technical
drawings.
NOMINAL DURATION: 10 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to
LO1. Identify different kinds of technical drawings
LO2. Interpret technical drawing
LO3. Prepare/make changes to electrical/electronic schematics and

drawings
LO4. Store technical drawings and equipment /instruments

LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1 Identify different kinds of technical
drawings.
Contents:
1. Fundamentals of technical drawing

2. Different types and kinds of technical drawing
Assessment Criteria
1. Correct technical drawing is selected according to job

requirements.
2. Technical drawings are segregated in accordance with the types
and kinds of drawings
Conditions
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Instruments/Equipment
o Drawing models/software
o Projector
o Laptop
 Learning Materials
o CBLM
o Handouts
Assessment Method:
1. Oral Questioning
2. Written examination
3. Interview
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
Identify different kinds of drawings
Learning Activities Special Instructions
 Read Information Sheet CM4.1-1

Listen to teacher’s discussion
This Learning outcome covers the
Answer Self Check CM4.1-1 and knowledge, skills and attitude in
check answers to answer key identifying different kinds of
CM4.1-1 drawings with the following
content/topic:
 Read Information Sheet CM4.1-2
Listen to teacher’s discussion  Fundamentals of technical
drawing
Answer Self Check CM4.1-2 and
 Different types and kinds of
check answers to answer key
technical drawing
CM4.1-2
To be able to achieve this learning
outcome you should first go through
Reading and understanding the
information sheets, check yourself
by answering the self check. You
must answer all questions correctly
before proceeding to the next
activity.
Evaluate your own work using the

Performance criteria checklist. When
you are ready, present your work to
your trainer for final evaluation and
recording
After doing all activities of this

LO you may seek for your
trainers feedback if you may
then proceed to the next LO on
Interpret technical drawing
INFORMATION SHEET CM4.1-1
Fundamentals of technical drawing
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify graphical symbols used in technical drawing
In LO 1 of this Module on Plan and prepare for installation session

you will learn the fundamentals of technical drawing, interpret technical
drawing and make electrical schematic and drawings.
Content:
Flowchart
A flowchart is a diagram that uses graphical symbols to depict the

nature and flow of the steps in a process. Another name for this tool is “flow
diagram”.
What are the elements of a flowchart?
A flowchart is commonly used by systems analyst to visualize the series of

processes in a business system. A flowchart is a useful tool to design an
efficient business system and to troubleshoot or improve an existing system.
A flowchart consists of elements, such as the terminator, process, sub
process, decision, arrow lines, and connectors.
1. Terminator
A terminator is represented by a rectangle with a curve corners. A

terminator appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart. The end
terminator appears only once on a single flowchart.
2. Process
A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a

business process. It must be described clearly and concisely. A
process can be described using a single verb-noun phrase; for
example, “Order office supplies” The same level of details must be kept
in processes on a single flowchart.
3. Sub –process
A sub-process is represented by a rectangle with double lines on each

side. A subprocess is a major process that could be broken up into
simpler processes developed into another flowchart.
4. Decision
A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a

decision of “yes” or “no” requires a decision box.
5. Connector
A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is

labeled using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer
than a flowchart on several pages. A connector ensures that the
processes are connected logically and correctly on several pages.
6. Arrow Lines
Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom,

keep a flowchart clear. Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could
indicate redundancy in the business process.
When should teams use flowcharts?
At the beginning of your process improvement efforts, an as-is

flowchart helps your team and others involved in the process to
understand how it currently works. The team may find it helpful to
compare this will develop a flowchart of the modified process again, to
record how it actually functions. At some point, your team may want
to create an ideal flowchart to show how you would ultimately like the
process to be performed.
When should teams use flowcharts?
At the beginning of your process improvement efforts, an as-is flowchart

helps your teamand others involved in the process to understand how it
currently works. The team may findit helpful to compare this as-is flowchart
with a diagram of the way the process is supposedto work. Later, the team
will develop a flowchart of the modified process again, to record howit
actually functions. At some point, your team may want to create an ideal
flowchart to showhow you would ultimately like the process to be performed.
SELF- CHECK CM4.1-1
Multiple Choice
Write the letter of the correct answer.
___________1.A diagram that uses graphical symbols to depict the nature

and flow of the steps in a process.
a. Flowchart c. Decision
b. Sub-process d. Terminator
___________2.Represented by a rectangle with double lines on each side.

___________3.Represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a

decision of “yes” or “no” requires a decision box.
___________4.Represented by a rectangle with a curve corners. A terminator

appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart.
___________5.Represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a business

process.
b. Process d. Terminator
ANSWER KEY CM4.1-1
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. B
Different types and kinds of Technical Drawing

you will learn the fundamentals of technical drawing, interpret technical
drawing and make electrical schematic and drawings.
Content:
Types of flowchart
Besides the three levels of detail used to categorize Flowcharts, there are
three main
typesof flowcharts namely , linear, deployment, and opportunity. The level
of detail
can be depicted as macro, mini, or micro for each of these types.
1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the
sequence of
work steps that make up a process. This tool can help identify rework and
redundant or unnecessary steps within a process.
2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual
process flow
and identifies the people or groups involved at each step. Horizontal lines
define
customer-supplier relationships. This type of chart shows where the people
or
groups fit into the process sequence, and how they relate to one another
throughout the process.
How do we construct a linear flowchart?
Following are the seven steps for developing a linear flowchart
1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting
it.
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those operators,
technicians,
or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
3. Establish process boundaries—the starting and ending points.
Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included in the
process.
Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any
doubt or confusion about the boundaries. This may also help establish the
scope of related processes.
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is
not sure
about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start
with the
last step and work back to the first step.
6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
7. Review and title the Flowchart.
SELF- CHECK CM4.1-2
Directions :Arrange the following steps in developing a flowchart . Put the

number on aseparate sheet of paper.
____________Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for
flowcharting it.
____________Establish process boundaries - the starting and ending points.
____________Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to
start
with the last step and work back to the first step.
____________Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and
triangles.
____________Review and title the flowchart.
____________Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart— those
operators,
technicians, or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
____________List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your
team is not
sure about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
ANSWER KEY CM4.1-2
_______1_____Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for
flowcharting it.
_______3_____Establish process boundaries - the starting and ending points.
_______5_____Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier
to start
with the last step and work back to the first step.
_______6_____Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and
triangles.
_______7_____Review and title the flowchart.
_______2_____Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart— those
operators,
technicians, or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
_______4_____List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your
team is not
sure about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2 Interpret Technical Drawing
Contents:
1. Standard dimensions and components

2. Dimension Convention
3. Types of symbols and their uses
Assessment Criteria
1. Components, assemblies or objects are recognized as required.

2. Dimensions of the key features of the objects depicted in the drawing
are correctly identified.
3. Symbols used in the drawing are identified and interpreted correctly.
4. Drawing is checked and validated against job requirements or
equipment in accordance with standard operating procedures.
Conditions
The trainee must be provided with the following:
 Instruments/Equipments
o Charts
o Diagrams
o Projector
o Laptop
o CBLM
o Handouts
Assessment Method:
 Written Examination
 Oral Questioning
 Interview
Learning Outcome 1
Identify different kinds of drawings
 Read InformationSheetCM4.2-1
This Learning outcome covers the
Answer SelfCheckCM4.2-1 and knowledge, skills and attitude in
check AnswerKeyCM4.2-1 identifying different kinds of
drawings with the following
 Read InformationSheetCM4.2-2 content/topic:
 Fundamentals of technical
drawing
Answer SelfCheckCM4.2-2 and
 Different types and kinds of
check AnswerKeyCM4.2-1
technical drawing
 Proper segregation of technical
 Read InformationSheetCM4.2-3 drawing
Answer SelfCheckCM4.2-3 and To be able to achieve this learning

check AnswerKeyCM4.2-3 outcome you should first go through
activity.

recording
Prepare/make changes to
electrical/electronic schematics
and drawings
Standard dimensions and components
1. Apply standard dimensions and components in technical drawing
In LO 2 of this Module on Interpret Technical Drawing session you will

learn interpret technical drawing, dimension convention andtypes of
symbols and their uses.
Content:
Dimensioning: is the process of defining the size, form and location of

geometric features and com-ponents on an engineering drawing.
Notes:There are two basic type of notes used in a technical drawing "Local
Notes" and "General Note". local notes pertain to a specific area of an
object. General notes pertain to the drawing as a hole. Local notes are
pointed to a specific feature with a leader attached. General notes can be lo-
cated anywheres in the drawing. Some companies have standards as to
where the general notes are located. Most general notes are located in the
upper left corner of drawing.
A dimension Consist of the following items: A dimension arrow, dimension
line, dimension value, extension line
There are basically three types of dimensioning systems use in creating

prints they are as follows:
U.S System:
ASME standards for the U.S dimensioning use the decimal inch values.
When the decimal inch sys-tem is used, a zero is not used to the left of the
decimal point for values less than one inch. The same number of decimal
places should be used for dimensions and tolerance.
Metric Dimensioning:
ASME standards for the use of metric dimensioning require all the
dimensions to be expressed in milli-meters (mm). The (mm) is
not needed on each dimension, but it is used when a dimension is used in a
notation. Zeros precedes decimal point when the value is less than one
millimeters.
Dual Dimensioning:
Working drawing are usually drawn with all U.S. or all metric Dimensions.
Sometimes the object manufactured using both U.S. and metric measuring
system. Dual dimensioning may be necessary. When the object is to be
manufactured is both measuring systems a combination of both U.S and
met-ric dimensions are present.
SELF- CHECK CM4.2-1
Multiple Choice
___________1. It is used when a dimension is used in a notation. Zeros

precedes decimal point when the value is less than one millimeters.
a. US System c. Dimensioning
b. Metric Dimensioning d. Dual Dimensioning
___________2. It is used when the object is to be manufactured is both

measuring systems a combination of both U.S and met-ric dimensions are
present.
___________3. The same number of decimal places should be used for

dimensions and tolerancing.
___________4. The process of defining the size, form and location of geometric
features and com-ponents on an engineering drawing.
ANSWER KEY CM4.2-1
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
Dimension convention

Content:
Dimensions
 Dimensions are used to describe the sizes and relationships between

features in your drawing.
 Dimensions are used to manufacture parts and to inspect the

resulting parts to determine if they meet the drawing’s specifications.
Definition: Dimensions are the distances, angles, and notes that define
the geometry and manufacturing of the object.
 Do not give superfluous dimensions
 Only those dimensions that are needed to manufacture and inspect

the object are to be included on the drawing
 Do not include dimensions just because they are needed to produce

the drawing
Good Dimensioning
 The keys to good dimensioning are:
– Choice of dimensions
– Placement of dimensions
– Technique of dimensioning
– Specifying dimension tolerances
Choice of Dimensioning
 The dimensions you specify define how the object is manufactured:
– Dimension first for function and then review seeking

improvements for production/manufacturing purposes such as
manufacturability, inspection, etc.
 Do not give superfluous dimensions
– Only those dimensions that are needed to manufacture and

inspect the object are to be included on the drawing
– Each dimension should appear only once; do not repeat

dimensions in different views.
Placement of dimensioning
 Follow accepted standards so that dimensions are legible, easy to find,

and easy to interpret.
 The spacing of dimensions lines must be uniform throughout the

drawing.
 Do’s & Don’t’s
– Avoid dimensions on the object itself
– Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines
– Don’t float dimensions
– Do group dimensions around a central view
Line used in dimensioning
 A dimension line is a thin, dark, solid line terminated by arrowheads

that indicate the direction and extent of a dimension.
 An extension line is a thin, dark, solid line that extends from a point
on the drawing to its associated dimension line.
– A gap of ~1.5 mm should be left between the extension line and

the point on the part.
 enter line is a thin, dark, solid line that alternates long and short
dashes to locate holes and other symmetrical features.
 Arrowheads are used to indicate the extent of a dimension. They

should be uniform in size & style throughout the drawing.
Example:
SELF- CHECK CM4.2-2
Multiple Choice
___________1. These are used to indicate the extent of a dimension. They

should be uniform in size & style throughout the drawing.
c. Arrowheads c. Extension line
d. Enter line d. Dimension line
___________2. A thin, dark, solid line that alternates long and short dashes
to locate holes and other symmetrical features.
a. Arrowheads c. Extension line

b. Enter line d. Dimension line
___________3. A thin, dark, solid line that extends from a point on the
drawing to its associated dimension line.

___________4. A thin, dark, solid line terminated by arrowheads that

indicate the direction and extent of a dimension.

ANSWER KEY CM4.2-2
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
Types of symbols and their uses

Content:
Basic symbols in Flowcharting:
- An oval is used to indicate the beginning or end of an

algorithm.
- A parallelogram indicates the input and output of

information.
- A rectangle indicates the computation, with the result

of the computation assigned to a variable.
- A diamond is used in decision making.
- An arrow indicates the direction of flow of the

algorithm.
Circles with arrows connect the flowchart between
pages.
SELF- CHECK CM4.2-3
Matching type
Match column A with column B.
A B
____1.Itindicates the input and output of information. a.
____2.It indicates the computation, with the result of

the computation assigned to a variable. b.
____3.It is used in decision making.

c.
____4.It is used to indicate the beginning or end of an
algorithm.
d.
____5.It indicates the direction of flow of the algorithm.
e.
ANSWER KEY CM4.2-3
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. E
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 3 Prepare/make changes to
electrical/electronic schematics and drawings
Contents:
1. Fundamentals of electrical/electronic schematics planning

2. Basic concepts of technical drawing
Assessment Criteria
1. Electrical/electronic schematic is drawn and correctly identified.

2. Correct drawing is identified, equipment are selected and used in
accordance with job requirements.
Conditions

o Components/dividers
o Drawing boards
o Rulers
o T-square
o Calculator
o Pencils
o Bond Papers
o Projector
o Laptop
o CBLM
o Handouts
Assessment Method:
 Written Examination
 Oral Questioning
 Interview
Learning Outcome 3
Prepare/make changes to electrical/electronic schematics and drawings
 Read InformationSheetCM4.3-1 This Learning outcome covers the

Listen to teacher’s discussion knowledge, skills and attitude in
preparing and making changes to
Answer SelfCheckCM4.3-1 and electrical/electronic schematics and
check AnswerKeyCM4.3-1 drawings with the following
content/topic:
 Read InformationSheetCM4.3-2  Electrical and electronic
schematic planning
Answer SelfCheckCM4.3-2 and  Basic Concepts of Technical
check AnswerKeyCM4.3-2 Drawing

 Read InformationSheetCM4.3-3 outcome you should first go through
Listen to teacher’s discussion Reading and understanding the
Answer SelfCheckCM4.3-2 and by answering the self check. You
check AnswerKeyCM4.3-3 must answer all questions correctly
activity.

recording

Prepare/make changes to
electrical/electronic schematics
and drawings
Fundamentals of electrical/electronic schematics and
drawings
1. Prepare and make changes to electrical/electronic schematics and

drawings
In LO 3 of this Module on preparing and making changes to

electrical/electronic schematics and drawings session you will learn the
basic concept of technical drawing, electrical and electronic schematic
planning.
Content:
One of the features of a quality electronic diagram is its appearance with

simplicity in design and easy-to-understand layout. To achieve this, you
have to follow the following standards in laying out electronic diagrams.
Rules for Drawing Symbols
Recommended practices to be used in the application of symbols to a circuit
diagram are listed below.
1. The position of a symbol on a diagram does not affect its meaning.
2. The weight of a line used in drawing a symbol does not affect its meaning.
In some cases, a heavier line may be used to emphasize a particular symbol.
3. A given symbol may be drawn in any size that is suitable for use in any
particular diagram. However, when a symbol is enlarged or reduced in size,
it should be drawn in proportion to the rest of the drawing.
4. If necessary for contrast, some symbols may be drawn smaller or larger

than other symbols on a diagram. However, for simplicity, it is
recommended that not more than two different sizes of symbols be used on
any one diagram.
5. In general, a connecting line should be brought to a symbol either

vertically or horizontally, but a connecting line brought to a symbol at an
angle has no particular significance unless otherwise noted.
6. The arrowhead of a symbol may be open ( —» or closed ( ---------------------
- ►) unless
otherwise noted. 7. The standard symbol for terminal (o) may be added to
any symbol. But when this is done, the terminal symbol should not be
considered a part of the symbol itself.
Reference Designations
The symbols used to represent various components on a circuit diagram are
most
often accompanied by a combination of letters that identify the components
but
are not themselves a part of the symbol (Table 3-1).
Table 3-1. Reference

Designations of Electronic
Components
Components Class Designation Letter(s)

Capacitor C
Diode D
Resistor R
Switch S or SW
Transformer T
Transistor Q or TR
When more than one symbol of a specific type of component appears on a

diagram, the letter (or letters) is followed by numbers that identify the
components. These combinations of letters and numbers are referred to as
reference designations (Fig. 3-1).
Fig. 3-1.Recommended methods of indicating reference designations and
component values.
Numerical Values of Components
When details of the type, rating; or value of a particular component are to be
given on a diagram, this information is placed adjacent to the symbol or is
given by means of notes accompanying the diagram. For example, resistance
and capacitance values are indicated as shown in Fig. 1-3. In this scheme,
the symbol Q for ohms and the abbreviations ^F and pF for capacitance
values are usually omitted and are instead replaced by notes such as the
following:
1. All resistors expressed in ohms unless otherwise indicated.
2. All capacitors expressed in microfarads unless otherwise indicated.
A resistance value of 1,000 ohms or more is most often expressed in terms

of Kilohm (K) or Meghm (M) units. Thus a resistance of 4,700 ohms is
written as 4.7K, while a resistance of 270,000 ohms may be written as 270K
or as 0.27M. The comma used when writing a 4-digit number such as 4,700
is not used when such a number is given on a diagram.
Capacitance values of 1 through 9,999 picofarads are usually expressed in

picofarad units. Capacitance values greater than 10,000 picofarads should
be expressed in microfarad units.
Suffix Letters
Suffix letters are used to identify separate parts of a unit upon a diagram
when such components appear as a single, enclosed unit as shown in Fig. 3-
2. C1A and C1B are the suffix letters used in the diagram.
I
10 pF
ID pF
T
Fig. 3-2. Two capacitors are enclosed in one unit.
Layout
The layout or form of a diagram should show the main features prominently.
The parts of a diagram should be carefully spaced to provide an even
balance between blank spaces and lines. Enough blank space should be left
in the areas near symbols to avoid crowding any necessary notes or
reference information (Fig. 3-3).
Fig. 3-3.Schematic diagram of an audio amplifier.

Line Thickness
As with other types of diagrams, a schedule of line weights or line
conventions is used in drawing electrical and electronics diagrams. The
standard line conventions used in the preparation of these diagrams are
shown in Table 3-2.
Table 3-2. Line thickness Line Line thickness

application
For general use Medium
Mechanical connection, Medium
shielding, and future circuits
line
Bracket-connecting dash line Medium ---------------------------
----
Brackets and leader lines Thin -------------------------------
------
Boundary of mechanical Thin -------------------------------
grouping ------
For emphasis Thick -----------------------------
Connecting Lines
Lines connecting symbols and other parts on a diagram should, whenever
possible, be drawn either horizontally or vertically. As a general rule, no
more than three lines should be drawn to any point on a circuit diagram
(Fig. 3-4A). This procedure reduces the possibility of line crowding that
could make the interpretation of a diagram more difficult than necessary.
RECOMMENDED AVOID IF POSSIBLE
(A) (B)
Fig. 3-4.Connecting lines. (A) recommended and undesirable methods of
drawing lines to a point upon a diagram, (B) two "groups” of connecting lines
drawn parallel to each other.
When connecting lines are drawn parallel to each other, the space between
them should be at least 1/16 inch when the diagram is reduced to a final
size.
Interrupted Lines
Connecting lines whether single or in groups, may be interrupted when a
diagram does not provide for a continuation of these lines to their final
destination. When a single line is interrupted, the line identification can also
indicate the destination (Fig. 3-5A). When groups of lines are interrupted,
the destination of the lines is usually given in conjunction with brackets
(Fig. 3-5B). In all cases, the lines should be located as close as possible to
the point of interruption.
(A) (B)
Fig. 3-5.Methods of identifying the destination of single and grouped
connecting lines.
Dashed Lines
Dashed lines ( ------- ) are used on schematic and other types of diagrams to
show a mechanical linkage between components or parts of components
(Fig. 3-6).
Fig. 3-6. Dashed lines are used to indicate the mechanical linkage of a 2-
pole, 3-position selector switch.
SELF- CHECK CM4.3-1
Directions :Write the letter of the best answer on the space provided for
before each number.
______ 1. A letter designation is written near or beside a symbol to indicate

what type of component that symbol is. The letter designation for transistor
is
A. Q C. S
B. R D. T
2. These types of lines are used to show mechanical linkages between

components or parts of components on schematic diagram.
A. Connecting lines C. Medium lines

B. Dashed lines D. Thin lines
______ 3. This punctuation mark is used to show the destination of grouped

interrupted lines in a diagram.
A. Bracket C. Open and close quotations

B. Comma D. Question mark
_____ 4. To avoid crowding of any necessary notes or reference information,

enough blank space should be left in the areas near WHICH of the following
elements on a schematic diagram.
A. Component labels C. Dashed lines

B. Connecting lines D. Symbols
_______ 5. In a schematic diagram, values of resistors are usually labeled in

this unit otherwise noted by the manufacturer.
A. KQ C. Ohms
B. MQ D. Resistance
ANSWER KEY CM4.3-1
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. C
Basic concepts of technical drawing
1. Learn the basic concepts of technical drawing

planning.
Content:
Definition of technical drawing
 Technical drawing describes the process of producing a pictorial

representation of a designer or engineer's vision into a physical form.
Technical drawings serve as a guide or plan to the construction of
whatever is represented in the drawing.
 Technical drawings use graphics to show details. In other words, they

convert ideas into physical form. Also known as drafting, technical
drawing is done using a two-dimensional or three-dimensional
depiction.
The Purpose of technical drawing
 The purpose of a technical drawing is to clarify an idea and to

translate that idea into a common graphical language.
 Technical drawings fulfill the purpose of idea translation through the

application of a variety of methods and visual conventions.
History
 Since the 18th century, specific disciplines of technical drawing have

developed, and during the 20th century, these became aided by the
use of computers.
Types
 Technical drawing can be divided into four main disciplines or types:

construction, cutaway, exploded view and patent
Tools used in technical drawing
1. Drafting Tables
2. Rulers and Squares
3. Curve Templates and Compasses
4. Lettering Guides
5. Drawing Pencils
6. Inking Pens
7. Drafting Machines
SELF- CHECK CM4.3-2
Matching type
Match column A with column B

A
1. Drafting Tables A.
2. Rulers and Squares B.
3. Curve Templates and Compasses C.
4. Lettering Guides D.
E.
5. Drawing Pencils
F.
6. Inking Pens
7. Drafting Machines G.
ANSWER KEY CM4.3-2
1. G
2. F
3. E
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
Measurements and Conversions
1. Learn the basic concepts of technical drawing

planning.
Content:
Measurement is finding a number that shows the size or amount of

something.
There are two main "Systems of Measurement": Metric and US

Standard.Length
Measuring how long things are, how tall they are, or how far apart they
might be are all examples of length measurements.
 Millimeters
 Centimeters
 Meters
 Kilometers
Small units of length are called millimeters.
A millimeter is about the thickness of a plastic id card (or credit card).
Or about the thickness of 10 sheets of paper on top of each other.
This is a very small measurement!
Centimeters
When you have something that is 10 millimeters, it can be said that it is 1

centimeter.
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
A fingernail is about one centimeter wide.
We can use millimeters or centimeters to measure how tall we are, or how

wide a table is, but to measure the length of football field it is better to
use meters.
Meters
A meter is equal to 100 centimeters.
1 meter = 100 centimeters
The length of this guitar is about 1 meter
Meters might be used to measure the length of a house, or the size of a

playground.
Kilometers
When you need to get from one place to another, you will need to measure
that distance using kilometers. A kilometer is equal to 1,000 meters.
The distance from one city to another or how far a plane travels are
measured using kilometers.
Final thoughts about measuring length:
1 kilometer = 1000 meters

1 kilometer = 1000 meters
US Standards
Length
The last kind of measurement we will explore is

length. This is important for lots of different
reasons. Measurement of length helps you to know
how far you have traveled, how far you have left to
travel, how tall you are and many other things.
I need to know about:
 Inches
 Feet
 Yards
 Miles
Small units of length are called inches.
The last joint of your finger or thumb is about 1 inch

(depending on how big your fingers are!).
Lots of things are measured in inches from rainfall to paper length.
Measuring in inches provide us with a way for everyone to understand the

size of something.
When you have 12 inches together, it is known as a foot.
1 foot = 12 inches
A long time ago, people had to use their own feet to

measure things. However, since everyone has different
sized feet, it did not let everyone understand the size or
distance in the same way.
Using 12 inches put together to make feet allows for

everyone to have a more accurate picture of what exactly a
"foot" of length is.
When 3 feet are together, this is called a

yard. (This isn’t the same thing as a lawn,
though they are both referred to as a
"yard"!)
1 yard = 3 feet
The length of this guitar is about 1 yard.
When you put together 1,760 yards, you have a mile.
1 mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet
Miles are long distances and are mostly used to

measure the distance between places which are far
away from each other. Most people refer to miles when
they are driving, biking or jogging.
Final thoughts about measuring length:
1 foot = 12 inches
1 yard = 3 feet = 36 inches
1 mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet = 63,360 inches

SELF- CHECK CM4.3-3
Directions :Write the letter of the best answer on the space provided for
before each number.
___A___ 1. Long distances and are mostly used to measure the distance
between places which are far away from each other.
A. Miles C. Foot
B. Inches D. Yards
___D___ 2. When 3 feet are together, this is called a yard.
A. Miles C. Foot
B. Inches D. Yards
___C___ 3. When you have 12 inches together, it is known as a _________.
A. Miles C. Foot
B. Meter D. Yards
___B___ 4. A ________ is equal to 100 centimeters
A. Miles C. Foot
B. Meter D. Yards
___C___ 5. Small units of length are called ____________.
A. Miles C. millimeter
B. Meter D. Yards
ANSWER KEY CM4.3-3
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. C
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 4 Store technical drawings and
equipment and instruments
Contents:
1. Proper care and maintenance of drawings

2. Inventory and recording of technical drawings
3. Proper procedures of storing instruments
Assessment Criteria
1. Care and maintenance of drawings are undertaken according to

company procedures.
2. Technical drawings are recorded and inventory is prepared in
accordance with company procedures.
3. Proper storage of instruments is undertaken according to company
procedures.
Conditions

o Pencil
o Bond Papers
o Projector
o Laptop
o CBLM
o Handouts
Assessment Method:
1. Actual Demonstration
2. Written Exam
3. Oral questioning
4. Interview
Learning Outcome 4
Store technical drawings and equipment /instruments
 Read InformationSheetCM4.4-1 This Learning outcome covers the

Listen to teacher’s discussion knowledge, skills and attitude in
preparing and making changes to
Answer SelfCheckCM4.4-1 electrical/electronic schematics and
Compare AnswerKeyCM4.4-1 drawings with the following
 Read InformationSheetCM4.4-2 content/topic:
 Proper care and maintenance of
Answer SelfCheckCM4.4-2 drawings
 Inventory and recording of
Compare AnswerKeyCM4.4-2
technical drawings

outcome you should first go through
activity.

recording

then proceed to the next module
on use hand tool.
Proper care and maintenance of drawings
1. Use the drawing instruments properly

you will learn the proper use of drawing instruments, penciling and inking.
Content:
Reminders on the use of drawing instruments
1. Don’t use the scale as a ruler

2. Don’t use the head of the T-square as a hammer
3. Don’t put oil on joints of compasses
4. Don’t sharpen a pencil over the drawing board
5. Cork the ink bottle all the time
6. Never put away instruments without relieving the spring tension
7. Never fill up a pen over the drawing board
8. Always clean the instruments and the drawing table before beginning
your work
9. Don’t fold drawing or tracing paper
10. Don’t use the divider as pincers or picks
11. Never use the same thumbtacks holes
12. Don’t use the edge of T-square as a guide in cutting edge of
paper
13. Rub the eraser only on the surface to be erased
14. Never job the dividers on the drawing board
15. Always use the upper edge of T-square as guide in drawing lines
16. Always clean your instruments after using them
Order of Penciling
1. Lay of sheet to standard size

2. Decide what to scale
3. Draw center line for each view and on others “block in” view by
laying off principal dimensions and outlines.
4. Draw the view.
5. Finish the project.
6. Draw necessary dimension lines, and put dimension values.
7. Draw guidelines for the notes and then letter them.
8. Lay-out the title.
9. Check the drawing carefully.
Order of Inking
1. Ink a full-line circles, beginning with the smallest, and then circle
arcs.
2. Ink dotted circles in same order as #1.
3. Ink any irregular curved lines.
4. Ink straight full-lines in this order horizontal, vertical and inclined.
5. Ink straight dotted lines in the same order of #4.
6. Int center lines.
7. Ink extension and dimension lines.
8. Ink arrow heads and dimension lines.
9. Section-lines all areas representing out surfaces.
10. Letter notes and title (draw pencil guidelines).
SELF- CHECK CM4.4-1
True or False
Write TRUE if the statement is true, write FALSE if the statement is

false.
___________1.Sharpen a pencil over the drawing board
___________2. Don’t use the scale as a ruler
___________3.Use the divider as pincers or picks
___________4.Don’t fold drawing or tracing paper
___________5.Use the same thumbtacks holes

ANSWER KEY CM4.4-1
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
Inventory and recording of technical drawings
1. Apply the proper order of penciling

you will learn the proper use of drawing instruments, penciling and inking.
Content:
Storing Equipment and Drawings

When a session of drawing is finished, it is important that the equipment,
which has been in use, is stored neatly in clean and dry conditions. Dirty
and damaged equipment does not help in the production of good, neat and
clean drawings. Drawing boards can be either placed in purpose-made racks
or stacked one on top of the other. Tee squares should be placed in properly
made racks, which make sure that the drawing edges are not damaged and
that their two parts do not become separate. Set squares must be kept in a
clean condition. They may pick up dust and erasing particles and if they are
stored in such a condition other equipment becomes dirty. Pencils can be
placed in racks made from blocks of wood with appropriately sized holes.
Compasses are easily damaged if not stored properly.
The best method of storing drawings is for each pupil or student to have a
folder in which his or her drawings can be placed without their being folded.
Other drawings, such as those used to demonstrate the principles of
working should be stored flat in drawers large enough to take them
unfolded. Take care when placing drawings in folders or drawers. Careless
handling can easily cause them to become damaged, even to be torn.
Drawings must be kept clean if they are to be read easily.
A Suggested Equipment Tidy Box

Figure 1 shows a box, made from wood and hardboard and designed to hold
a set of technical drawing equipment. The main dimensions of the box are:
 Overall length: 330 mm
 Overall depth: 270 mm
 Height: 25 mm
 Thickness of sides: 10 mm
Figure 1 – Suggested Technical

Drawing Equipment Tidy Box
JOB SHEET 4.4-2
Title : Storing tools and equipments
Performance Objective: Given one competency of the qualification

assigned to you, you should be able to store tools and equipments in their proper
places
Supplies/Materials : CBLM/ Handouts
Equipment : Technical drawing’s tools and equipments
Steps/Procedure:
1. Based on the information sheet, place all the tool and equipments in their
proper places.
2. Place all drawings in a clean folder
3. Present your work to your trainer.
Assessment Method:
Actual demonstration, Oral Questioning, Interview

Technical Drawing

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Technical Drawing

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MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Prepare and interpret technical drawing

MODULE TITLE: Preparing and interpreting technical drawing

MODULE DESCRIPTOR:This module covers the knowledge, skills, and

NOMINAL DURATION: 10 hours

LO1. Identify different kinds of technical drawings

LO2. Interpret technical drawing

LO3. Prepare/make changes to electrical/electronic schematics and

LO4. Store technical drawings and equipment /instruments

1. Fundamentals of technical drawing

1. Correct technical drawing is selected according to job

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

Learning Activities Special Instructions

 Read Information Sheet CM4.1-1

Evaluate your own work using the

After doing all activities of this

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Identify graphical symbols used in technical drawing

In LO 1 of this Module on Plan and prepare for installation session

A flowchart is a diagram that uses graphical symbols to depict the

What are the elements of a flowchart?

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analyst to visualize the series of

A terminator is represented by a rectangle with a curve corners. A

A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a

A sub-process is represented by a rectangle with double lines on each

A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a

A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is

Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom,

When should teams use flowcharts?

At the beginning of your process improvement efforts, an as-is

When should teams use flowcharts?

At the beginning of your process improvement efforts, an as-is flowchart

___________1.A diagram that uses graphical symbols to depict the nature

___________2.Represented by a rectangle with double lines on each side.

___________3.Represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a

___________4.Represented by a rectangle with a curve corners. A terminator

___________5.Represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a business

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Identify graphical symbols used in technical drawing

In LO 1 of this Module on Plan and prepare for installation session

Directions :Arrange the following steps in developing a flowchart . Put the

1. Standard dimensions and components

1. Components, assemblies or objects are recognized as required.

The trainee must be provided with the following:

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Answer SelfCheckCM4.2-3 and To be able to achieve this learning

Evaluate your own work using the

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Apply standard dimensions and components in technical drawing

In LO 2 of this Module on Interpret Technical Drawing session you will

Dimensioning: is the process of defining the size, form and location of

There are basically three types of dimensioning systems use in creating

___________1. It is used when a dimension is used in a notation. Zeros

___________2. It is used when the object is to be manufactured is both

___________3. The same number of decimal places should be used for

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Identify graphical symbols used in technical drawing

In LO 2 of this Module on Interpret Technical Drawing session you will

 Dimensions are used to describe the sizes and relationships between

 Dimensions are used to manufacture parts and to inspect the

 Do not give superfluous dimensions

 Only those dimensions that are needed to manufacture and inspect