PSM Ankit Sunail PDF

Page 1 of 28
PREVENTIVE & SOCIAL MEDICINE

*For university exam try to read every heading & it’s subheadings from Park Textbook
1 & 2) Concept of Health & disease
Long questions: ‐
● Explain the concept of multifactorial causation of diseases. Briefly mention the
levels of prevention & modes of interventions with examples.
● Define Health indicator. Enlist the characteristics of an ideal indicator. Explain

morbidity indicators
● Define Health. Enumerate the Dimensions & Determinants of Health.
Notes
● Ecology of health
● Disability limitation & its prevention
● Natural history of a disease
● Epidemiological triad in heart disease
● Rehabilitation – definition, intervention & types
● sentinel surveillance – define, advantages & disadvantages, diseases under in India
● Good health adds years to life
● Socio-economic indicators of health
● Self- care in health
● Role of spiritual health
● Promotion of food hygiene in community
● Health team
● Community Diagnosis
● Differentiate PQLI & HDI
● Ice- berg concept of disease & which diseases don’t show this phenomenon
● Levels of health care
● Preventive medicine Vs. community medicine
REVISED2016 MADE BY- ANKIT SUNIYAL(2k12) 1

Page 2 of 28
Extra Questions
● Evidence based medicine (EBM)
● Holistic concept
● Differentiate monitoring & surveillance
● Health for all (Alma-Ata declaration)
● What is DALY, QALY & sullivan’s index?
● Kerala health care model / factors contributed or lessons learnt from success of
Kerala model health care
● Web of causation
● Germ theory of disease
● advanced model of triangle of epidemiology
● types of surveillance & conditions requiring surveillance
● Community based rehabilitation (CBR) / CBR matrix
● Family medicine / family doctor
● Positive health & Spectrum of health
● Prevention paradox
Viva/ basis Questions

● What is disease, illness, sickness?
● What is infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence?
● What is Impairment, Disability, handicap?
● What Is disease control, disease eradication, disease elimination & extinction?
● Which diseases have been eliminated in India & what is elimination criteria?
* Father of public health – cholera
* Father of modern epidemiology - john Snow
* India was the first country to start family planning & blindness control programme
* Father of Bio-statistics – john Graunt

Page 3 of 28
3) PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Long questions: ‐
● Define epidemiology. What are the aims & uses of epidemiology? Add a note on
Steps in Epidemic outbreak investigation.
● describe the steps in the conduct of Randomised control trials. Add a note on use
of RCTs
● Define Bias. List the various types of bias in Epidemiological studies. Explain
anyone of the biases you have listed and how it can be minimised.
● What are the Types of epidemics? Explain in detail design of a cohort study
● List the criteria for judging causality (Hill’s criteria). What are the aims & uses of
epidemiology? Briefly describe any one use of epidemiology.
● List and describe the steps of case control study. Write 2 advantages and
disadvantages of case control study.
● * Any numerical exercise on case- control or cohort study to find RR/odd’s

ratio,AR,PAR
● Explain the dynamics of transmission in Infectious disease and ways to prevent &
control it with examples
● differentiate sterilization & disinfection. What are the types & methods of
disinfection?
Notes
● Population attribution risk Vs. Relative Risk
● Uses of prevalence
● Quarantine Vs. Isolation
● Chronic carriers of disease / Carriers
● Incubation period & its significance
● Secondary attack rate
● Median incubation period
● Vaccine vial monitor
● Adverse effects following immunization (AEFI) – types & investigations
● Enlist any four live attenuated vaccines & list their contraindications

Page 4 of 28
● Odd’s Ratio & its significance
● Difference between case control & cohort study
● Blinding
● Herd & cross immunity
● Generation Time
● The Cold chain
● Morbidity Rates
● Steps & uses of descriptive epidemiology
● Case fatality rate (CFR)
● Coherence of association
● Limitation of mortality data in India
● classify epidemiological methods
● Epidemic curve
● Matching & cofounding factor
● Correlation does not signify causation. Explain why?
● Tools of measurement in epidemiology (Rate, Ratio, Proportion)
● Why carriers are more dangerous than cases in epidemiological point of view?
● Immunisation schedule (very imp.)
Extra/ distinction Questions

● Framingham Heart study & its finding
● Principles of designing an experimental study
● What are Medical Ethics?
● Direct & Indirect methods of Standardisation of death rates
● Universal precaution
● Reverse cold chain
● Ring immunisation
● Differentiate Incidence rate & point Prevalence

Page 5 of 28
● Secular trend
● non-Randomised trial / non experimental trial
● Types of RCTs
● differentiate isolation & quarantine
● Proxy measure of incubation period (serial interval, generation time, latent period)
● Chain of infection
● Difference between ILR & deep freezer
● Immunisation of a partially immunised child
● Time trends in disease frequency
● International Quarantine
● Bimodality
● Cross sectional Vs. Longitudinal studies
● Ecological / correlational study – why it is the worst study design?
Viva/ basis Questions

● Pentavalent vaccine ● Emporiatrics
● Difference between primary and secondary immune response. Why secondary

response is more severe?
● What all measures you can do to prevent surgical site infection as a medical officer
of PHC?
● Reservoir, source, carriers & cases ● primary case, index case, secondary case
● Endemic, epidemic, pandemic & sporadic ● window period ● spot map
● Which vaccines are not be frozen?
● How to arrange vaccines (top to bottom) in cold chain?
● Why ILR & deep freezers are top opening not a front opening?
4 SCREENING
Long questions:
● Screening – uses, types & criteria (Wilson & Jugner’s criteria) for screening

Page 6 of 28
Notes
● Difference between screening & diagnostic test
● Evaluation of a screening test (sensitivity,specificity, PPV , NPV)
● Evaluation of screening programmes
Extra/ distinction/ viva/ basis Questions

● Yield ● Lead time ● Diagnostic power (DP)
● How screening is different from case finding?
● differentiate parallel & serial testing of a screening test
● PPV & NPV – their significance & Bayes’s theorem
5) Epidemiology of communicable diseases
Long questions: ‐
● Epidemiological determinants of lymphatic filariasis. How do we carry out filarial
survey? Add a note on filarial control strategies & MDA
● Describe in detail objectives, case finding strategies & implementation of RNTCP.

Add a note on prevention of MDR-TB
● Acute respiratory infections – causes in different age groups, clinical features &
control
● TB - diagnosis, categorization & treatment
● Acute diarrhoeal diseases –define, causes, classify & management, prevention &
control
● Malaria – epidemiology, causes, control strategies, surveillance, diagnosis,

treatment & prophylaxis
● Dengue Fever – epidemiology, classify, diagnosis & management. Algorithm for

fluid management in dengue shock (compensated & hypotensive) . Its prevention &
control
● Cholera – carriers, host & environmental factors, mode of transmission, lab

diagnosis & its control
● Rabies- determinants, clinical features, prophylaxis, post exposure prophylaxis

(PEP), diagnosis

Page 7 of 28
Notes
● Prevention of dengue fever
● Case finding strategies under RNTCP
● Drug policy for malaria control
● Prevention of human Rabies
● Amplifier host & Control of JE
● Pulse polio Immunization & its Role in polio eradication
● Strategies for eradication of Polio
● MDR-TB & XDR-TB
● Syndromic management of STI
● Prevention of Yellow fever
● Mantoux test
● Define infection & Nosocomial infection
● Epidemiological basis of small pox eradication
● TB – HIV coinfection
● Stop TB strategy
● Difference between IPV &OPV
● Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance (AFP)
● Control of diarrhoeal diseases
● Component of ORS
● Control of typhoid fever
● Leprosy – source and mode of transmission, diagnosis & control
● Leprosy case finding methods based on prevalence rate of leprosy
● Difference between type 1 & 2 lepra reactions
● AIDS- Diagnosis, post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) / Needle stick injuries & control
& prevention
● Preventive measures for hospital acquired infection
● Strategies for measles eradication
● Diphtheria carrier

Page 8 of 28
● Toxic shock syndrome
● Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
● Pandemic influenza
● Immunization against tetanus
● Pertussis / whooping cough
● Control of meningococcal meningitis
● Prevention & control of hepatitis B
● Leptospirosis – epidemiological determinants, diagnosis & treatment, preventive &

control measures
● Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
● blocked flea & flee indices
● Importance of contact tracing & cluster testing in case detection of STDs
● Domiciliary treatment of TB

● Counselling In AIDS
● measures to prevent prenatal transmission of AIDS
● AIDS related malignancies
● Provocative poliomyelitis
● Do’s & Don’ts in management of animal bite
● roll back malaria (RBM)
● differentiate measles & rubella
● Lessons learnt from SARS containment
● What is the principle behind MDA & why it is given for 4-6 years?
● Definition of diarrhoea
● Home available fluids (HAF)
● Safe food handling techniques
● Soil transmitted helminths & chandlers index

Page 9 of 28
● What advices to given when prescribing ATT drugs?
● ADR of anti TB , anti-malaria drugs , DEC
● What health advice you give to a TB patient & his family?
● What is TB relapse, failure, defaulted patient?
● Why IMCI better than single condition approaches?
● Difference between bacterial index (BI) & Morphological index (MI)
● Difference between small pox & chicken pox
● koplik’s spot
● Critical phase & warning signs of dengue
● Botulism
● amoebiasis
● advantages of reduced osmolarity ORS ? why to be given with zinc ?
● name some re-emerging diseases and reasons for them
6) NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Long questions: ‐
● Describe the epidemiological factors contributing to the increased incidence of road
traffic accidents in India. Add a note on community level injury prevention.
● Describe the determinants of Road Traffic Injuries. Formulate a plan for prevention
of Road traffic injuries in a district.
● Diabetes - Screening, self-care & prevention
● Hypertension – Classification, rules of halves, Risk factors, Tracking of BP &

Prevention
Notes
● Gaps in natural history of NCD
● Rheumatic heart disease – epidemiological factor, clinical features & prevention
● Assessment of obesity & its prevention & Control
● Hazard of Obesity
● Cancer prevention strategies

Page 10 of 28
● Risk factor & screening for breast cancer
● Prevention of cervical cancer
● Population strategy to control hypertension
● Cancer registries
● Risk factors and prevention of Coronary heart disease (CHD)
● Dietary recommendation to reduce the occurrence of CAD
● Recommendation on a diet for type2 diabetes mellitus / non- pharmacological

interventions for control of diabetes
● Causes & prevention of blindness
● types of accidents & prevention
● Haddon matrix
● Avoidable blindness
● WHO-ISH cardiovascular disease risk prediction chart
● Palliative care
● Primordial prevention & control of NCD
● Anti-tobacco control

● Epidemiology of Oral cancer ● Triple paradox in HTN
● What are the characteristics of non-communicable diseases?
● How omega 3 reduces the risk of CAD?
● Warning signs of cancer
● WHO pain relief ladder / palliative care
● Disadvantages of BMI ● Waist hip ratio
● Domestic accidents ● Accident proneness ● Down staging ● metabolic syndrome X
● Acute Mountain sickness

Page 11 of 28
7) Health programmes in India (*full chapter is imp.)
Long questions: ‐
● What do you mean by surveillance? Describe in detail how the surveillance is
undertaken & the strategic Plan for malaria control under National Malaria Control
Program in India
● Describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis in India and briefly discuss the strategy
for TB control under RNTCP
● Describe in detail objectives, case finding strategies & implementation of RNTCP.

Add a note on prevention of MDR-TB
● Describe the objectives, major initiatives, plan of actions and implementation of

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).
● NELP – initiatives, referral system & DPMR
● What are the objectives of Reproduction & child Health program (RCH)? Enumerate
the strategies for its implementation in India.
Notes
● Essential new born care
● Essential obstetric care
● Case finding strategies under RNTCP
● Components of DOTS strategy
● Diagnosis of TB in RNTCP
● Dots plus strategy & a note on DOTS provider
● Integrated vector control (IVM)
● Major activities according to API
● ASHA - their role & responsibilities
● Primary eye care services under NPCB / Eye care delivery under NPCB
● janani-sishu suraksha karyakram (JSSK)
● janani suraksha karyakram (JSK)
● Integrated and counselling and testing centres (ICTCs)
● Malaria control strategies

Page 12 of 28
● Behaviour change communication (BCC)
● HIV sentinel surveillance
● Vision 2020 India
● Case management under integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness

(IMCI)
● Management of moderate dehydration in a 5 yr. old child
● integrated disease surveillance project (IDSP)
● Village health Sanitation & Nutrition committee (VHSNC) – composition, work
● List Major & newer initiatives under NRHM
● explain the health care facility at urban area under National Health Mission
● Activities carried under Targeted intervention for high risk group of HIV
● Revised strategies under NPCB
● Anganwadi worker (AWW) – its role & functions
● Salient features of NVBDCP
● Eye health services in schools
● National urban health mission (NUHM)
● Enumerate Health Related Legislations (not health programmes)

● Unique features of RNTCP
● The objectives of NACP phase 4 will be achieved through which strategies?
● Minimum need programme
● What the ‘plus’ in the strategic approach of RMNCH+A denotes?
● List services provided under NACO
● What is a health programme? What are the modes of its delivery?
● What are the danger signs in an infant?
● What is the Indian version of IMCI?
● Rastriya Bal swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)
● List the interventions under NHM focussing on new-borns

Page 13 of 28
8 DEMOGRAPHIC & FAMILY PLANNING
Long questions: ‐
● Define family size. List the factors that determine fertility. Explain how raising the
age of marriage can lead to a lower fertility.
● IUD – effectiveness, MOA, advantages, ideal candidate, contraindication, side-

effects
Notes
● Define demography. What is Demographic Cycle?
● Demographic transition in Indian population / Demographic transition
● Demographic gap & its importance
● Fertility indicators / Fertility related Statistics
● Couple protection rate (CPR)
● Instruction to women after insertion of IUD
● MTP act / Salient feature of MTP Act 1975
● Hazards of abortion
● Age specific marital fertility rate (ASMFR)
● Eligible & target couples
● Emergency contraception
● Oral pills – types, mode of action, risks, benefits, side-effects
● Complications of terminal contraception methods
● Sociology of family planning
● What services are given at sub centre, PHC, CHC for family planning?
● National family welfare programme / National population policy
● Natural family planning method
● Methods to measure contraceptive efficacy (Pearl index &its significance)
● What are the objectives & health aspects of family planning?
● Define spacing & what is its importance

Page 14 of 28

● Demographic bonus ● Demographic burden
● Why GFR is better than CBR ?
● What is unmet need? How you assess the community’s need?
● differentiate gross production rate (GRR) , TFR & NRR
● Characteristics of an ideal contraceptive
● Injectable contraceptives
● No scalpel vasectomy
● no needle no scalpel vasectomy (NNNSV)
● Drawback of china’s one child policy
● KAP survey
● Calendar Method / safe period / Rhythm method
9) Obstetrics, Paediatric & Geriatric care (*full chapter is imp.)
Long questions: ‐
● What are the services to be provided under essential antenatal & intra-natal care?
Add a note on first referral unit
● What is low birth weight (LBW). What are the causes, risk factors of LBW and how
LBW to be reduced?
● Enlist the indicators of maternal & child health care. Explain the causes &
prevention of maternal mortality in India.
● What are the minimum requirement for proper and adequate antenatal care? What
prenatal advice is given to pregnant women when they come for routine antenatal
visit?
● Define infant mortality rate? What are the factors affecting infant mortality? Write in
details about the prevention & social measures to reduce infant mortality rate?
Notes
● Baby friendly hospital (BFH)
● Provision of geriatric care in urban
● Integrated child development services scheme (ICDS)

Page 15 of 28
● Concept and Uses of Road to health chart / uses of growth chart
● Kangaroo mother care
● Child placement
● Diet during pregnancy
● Implications of ageing population in India
● Infants and Young Child feeding (IYCP)
● Healthful school environment
● Dental health in school children
● Sign of severe Pneumonia
● Breast feeding & its advantage
● Weaning
● Surveillance of growth & development
● delivering the MCH services
● causes of perinatal mortality
● Congenital malformation & its prevention
● Social health service – objectives & components
● Juvenile Delinquency – cause & its prevention
● Battered baby syndrome
● Under 5 clinic
● Health problems associated with adolescence & interventions to improve

adolescent health
● Health problems of aged
● As a medical officer at PHC what you will do if the health status of elderly
population in your area is poor ?
● First referral unit (FRU) & its function
● Drawback in availability & accessibility of antenatal care to women in rural areas
● Rational for high risk approach in maternal care
● Screening for depression among the elderly population in PHC setting
● Social problems of the elderly

Page 16 of 28
● School Health Services
● What is growth & what is development? What are its determinants?
● Anganwadi worker (AWW)

● Compare Breast milk & cow milk
● Street children
● What are the food taboos are associated with pregnancy and their consequences
● Methods to improve MMR
● differentiate child death rate & child mortality rate
● Active ageing
● Warm chain
● Child labour
● rooming in
● Geriatric giant
● What are benefits / schemes are provided to geriatric age group?
● What is the current IMR & MMR of India?
● What is Prenatal, Perinatal, Neonatal, Postnatal period? What is their significance?
● Principles of artificial feeding
● Define handicap & list its prevention
● What advice is given to women while discharging from hospital after delivering the
baby? (GOBI)
10 NUTRITION & HEALTH
Long questions: ‐
● classify the nutritional problems of public health importance in India. Add a note on
assessment of dietary intake.
● discuss in detail the causes, detrimental effects and various preventive measures of
nutritional anaemia

Page 17 of 28
● list the methods of assessing nutritional status. What are the ecological factors that
affect nutrition? Add a note on the conditioning influences in malnutrition.
● Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) – classification, features, indicators & prevention
Notes
● Vitamin A deficiency & its prevention
● Community based nutritional programs
● Dietary fibre
● Endemic fluorosis
● Lathyrism
● Marasmic Kwashiorkar
● Social factors that affect nutrition
● Food fortification
● Adulteration of food & its prevention
● Parboiling / hot soaking process
● What is balanced diet? Discuss the dietary goals
● Dietary goals / prudent diet
● Ecology of malnutrition
● Mid-day meal
● NALGONDA technique
● Milk borne diseases
● Pasteurisation of milk & tests for pasteurised milk
● Importance of Food guide Pyramid
● Micro-nutrient deficiency / hidden hunger
● Role of nutritional factors in cardiovascular diseases & cancer
● Diet survey – purpose & methods
● Marasmus vs. Kwashiorkor

● Nutritional Rehabilitation centre

Page 18 of 28
● Trans fatty acid
● essential amino acids (EAA) & essential fatty acids (EFA)
● Therapeutic diet (DASH diet / diabetic diet)
● Bitot’s spot
● Pellagra
● Measures to reduce iron deficiency anaemia
● Role of zinc in diet
● Endemic ascites ● Endemic dropsy ● Endemic goitre
● compare growth monitoring & nutritional surveillance
● advantages of vegetarian diet
● Why pulses to be mixed with cereals?
● Why boiled egg is preferred over raw egg for nutritional value?
● Non-calorie roles of fats
● Phrenoderma / toad skin
● List essential amino acids
● stunting vs. wasting
11 MEDICINE & SOCIAL SCIENCE
Long questions: ‐
● Define Family. List the functions of a family. Describe Role of a family in health &
disease in detail.
● Define Sociology & what are its branches. Explain Hospital sociology.
● list the social determinants of health. Explain the role of family in health promotion
Notes
● Acculturation
● Occupational classification
● Activities of the Medico social worker
● Social factors influencing health of people

Page 19 of 28
● Role of cultural factors in health & disease
● Intelligence Quotient (IQ) & Emotional Quotient (EQ)
● Doctor – patient relationship / fiduciary relationship
● Doctor- nurse relationship
● Sick role
● Technique of interviewing – aims, kinds, technique
● Drug addiction –criteria, management & prevention
● Types of family. Add a note on merits & demerits of joint family
● Types of learning & what are the conditions affecting it
● Cultural influence on health & disease
● Effect of social class on health status of community
● Influence of social institution on community health
● Role of stress in causing disease
● Impact of urbanisation on health
● Social security

● Social pathology ● Defence Mechanisms ● crowd, mob & herd
● Family vs. household ● Behavioural science ● behavioural science
● Wealth index ● Role conflict ● Social mobility ● Social marketing
● Community Vs. society ● social class vs. income ● medical sociology
● Operational research ● Encultration & counter culture ● Social reference
● compare health of high & low social class people
● Variables affecting socio-economic class
● list some social problems ● culture Lag
● Why joint family system in India is slowly breaking down?
● differentiate between social medicine & socialised medicine/ state medicine

Page 20 of 28
12 ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH
Long questions: ‐
● Explain why coliform organisms are chosen as indicators of faecal pollution of
drinking water. Add a note on the Physical parameters of acceptance for drinking
water?
● Describe the standard criteria for healthful housing. Explain the impact of housing
conditions on health.
Notes
● Purification of water at household level (small scale)
● Purification of water at community level (Large scale)
● steps in disinfection of a well
● Sanitary well
● Difference between shallow & deep well
● compare rapid & slows sand filter
● Break point chlorination
● orthotolidine test (OT) or OTA test
● Microbiological aspects of water quality
● Surveillance of drinking water Quality
● Hardness of water – disadvantages & its treatment
● Measures to reduce pollution of water resources
● Indicators of thermal comfort / Comfort zone / P4SR
● monitoring of air pollution
● Effect of air pollution & its Prevention & Control
● Effects of noise exposure & Control of noise pollution
● Biological effects of radiation & Protection
● Public health importance of housing standards
● overcrowding - Criteria & its significance
● Septic tank & it’s Working
● Bangalore method of composting

Page 21 of 28
● Global warming / green house
● Mosquito larvae control measures
● Fly control methods
● Principles of arthropod control with relevant examples
● Anti rodent measures
● compare trickling filter method & activated sludge process
● Measuring strength of sewage (BOD, COD, suspended solid)
● composting methods in municipalities with population less than 1lakh
● Modern sewage treatment plant
● Fleas & human diseases & their control
● General flea index
● Sarcoptes Scabies / seven year itch / circle of hebra
● Soakage pit
● Methods of refuse disposal
● List methods of Excreta disposal
● classify insecticides & what are its public health relevance
● Measures to overcome insecticide resistance in vectors
● Reasons for increase in vector borne diseases
● BOD
● Soiling index
● Water seal

● Types of water related diseases (water based, water borne, water washed, water
related, water dispersed, water borne non-communicable)
● Backwashing ● Swimming pool sanitation ● Aqua privy ● Problem village
● Green hospital concept ● Sanitation barrier ● Paris green
● sullage Vs. sewage ● Sewage farming ● Residual insecticide
● Oxidation pond (lagoons) – advantages & disadvantages

Page 22 of 28
● Diseases caused by aedes , anopheles , culex & mansoni
● Epizootic Vs. Enzootic ● What is an insect?
● Disadvantages of intermittent water supply ● Double pot method
● Latrine in aeroplane ● Ventilated improved pit latrine (VIP)
13 HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Notes
● Health hazards of health-care waste
● bio-medical waste management / Hospital waste disposal
● Incineration
● Inertisation
● principles/steps of waste management
● Difference between biomedical waste (BW) & health care waste?
● What modifications were done in 2011 in the guidelines of BMW of 1998 ?
14 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
● Management sequence of sudden onset disaster (disaster cycle)
● Triage
● Health effects of flood disaster in a village
● Disaster mitigation in health sector
● Disaster preparedness & disaster management in flood
● Man-made disaster
● Disaster Vs. hazard
● Role of a specialist in a disaster
15 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (*full chapter is imp.)
Long questions: ‐
● classify occupational diseases & describe the prevention of them in detail

Page 23 of 28
● Safety & welfare measures under ESI act & provision to female worker under it
Notes
● Factories Act 1948
● Occupational hazards of agricultural workers
● Health hazards due to Industrialization
● Pneumoconiosis & its prevention in textile mill workers
● Lead poisoning / plumbism
● causes & Prevention of Industrial accidents
● list the benefits under ESI Act to employers & to employees
● extended sickness Benefits under ESI act
● Sickness Absenteeism & how to deal it effectively?
● Occupational cancers & its control
● Pre-placement examination in prevention of occupational disease
● Welfare measures under factories act
● Ergonomics
● Farmer lung
● How ESI act is different from factories act?
● What type of protection/measures are available for women workers and adolescent
workers in India?
16 GENETICS & HEALTH

● hardy- Weinberg law / equation / population genetics
● Gene therapy
● Eugenics
● Euthenics
● Prospective & retrospective counselling (genetic counselling)
● Prenatal diagnosis of genetic abnormalities
● Down/ Turner/ klinefelter’s syndrome
● Neonatal screening

Page 24 of 28
17 MENTAL HEALTH
● Prevention of mental illness
● types of rehabilitation for drug addiction
● Preventable causes of mental retardation
● District mental health programme (Bellary model)
● Strategies to reduce Suicide rates
● Substance dependence – factors associated with high risk, prevention & control
● What are the warning signs of poor mental health?
18 BIO-STATISTICS
Notes
● Advantages and disadvantages of mean
● Normal curve
● Standard normal curve
● Standard deviation
● Standard error
● Normal distribution and its uses
● Sample registration System (SRS)
● Chi square test
● Histogram vs. bar chart
● Uses & Sources of health statistics
● Notification of Disease
● Sampling – methods & errors
● cluster sampling vs. Stratified sampling
● measures of central tendency / Statistical averages / centering constants
● Measures of dispersion
● Population survey / health survey
● Census – methodology & use

Page 25 of 28

● Percentage, percentile & quartile ● Statistics Vs. vital statistics
● Advantages and disadvantages of hospital records
● Pictogram vs. pie chart ● lay reporting ● Concept of P-value
● Difference between data (Primary & secondary), information & intelligence
● What is census? Type of census ( Defacto & dejure) , what is Whipple’s index?
● Advantage gained by stratification ● simple vs. stratified random sampling
19 COMMUNICATION FOR HEALTH EDUCATION
Long questions: ‐
● Health education – Principles, content, aim & approach
● Communication – process, Functions, Components, Barriers
Notes
● Measures to improve effectiveness of health education session school children
● Symposium vs. Panel discussion
● Focus group discussion & sociogram
● Social intervention model of health education
● Importance of communication skill for a doctor
● Role of communication skills in health care
● Audio Visual aids (A-V aids)
● Role of mass media in health education

● How counselling is different from health education?
● Boomerang effect
● Telemedicine
● Stages of behaviour change

Page 26 of 28
● GATHER technique
● Demonstration vs. role playing
20 HEALTH PLANNING & MANAGEMENT
Notes
● Goals & guidelines under national health policy 2002 / 2015
● steps in health planning / planning cycle
● differentiate cost benefit analysis & cost effective analysis
● Pre-planning
● Panchayati raj
● compare Critical path method (CPM) & PERT (Network analysis)
● Central council of health
● Bhore committee & its Recommendations
● Health audit / Medical audit
● Evaluation of a programme

● Prescriptions given under national health policy 2002 for human resources for
health
● SWOT analysis
● differentiate monitoring and evaluation
● differentiate management & administration
● differentiate efficiency & effectiveness
● Recommendations of shrivastava committee
● benefits of ROME scheme
● NITI aayog & how it is different from planning commission?
● What are the items under union list, state list & concurrent list?
● Management methods

Page 27 of 28
21 HEALTH CARE OF THECOMMUNITY (*full chapter is imp.)
Long questions: ‐
● Define Primary health care. Discuss the evolution & the role of elements of Primary
Health Care in improving the health status of community.
● list the 4 principles & 8 elements of primary health care. Describe how primary
health care is delivered at village level through the primary health centre (PHC)
● Describe the organisation & functions of community health centre (CHC)
Notes
● List the millennium development goal (MDG) Goals
● Job responsibilities/functions of Health Worker (female)
● Job responsibilities of Junior Health Assistant (Female)
● Appropriate technology in Primary Health care
● Job responsibilities of medical officer at PHC
● Health personnel at village level
● ASHA
● Sub centre
● Voluntary health agencies
● Counterfeit medicine
● Essential medicine
● Central government health scheme (CGHS)
● Direct & indirect cost in health care. Explain with examples
● Levels of health care
● Village health guides

● IPHS standard of PHC
● What are the health problems encountered in computer or mobile users?
● Difference between equity & equality?

Page 28 of 28
● What do you mean by term AYUSH ?
● What are the levels of health care?
● How to ensure community participation?
● Why primary health care is important?
● How many PHCs, sub centres & CHCs are there in Pondicherry & India?
● What is the population covered under PHCs, sub centres & CHCs?
● list some NGOs
22 INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
Notes
● functions of world health organisation (WHO)
● UNICEF
● Red Cross – Principles & activities
● World Bank & how it is different from other bank?
● Role of WHO in control of Pandemics
● Health work of bilateral agencies
● FAO

● Big six ● GOBI Vs. GOBI FFF ● immunisation plus
● World health assembly
*World health day – 7th April

PSM Ankit Sunail PDF

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

PSM Ankit Sunail PDF

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Page 1 of 28

PREVENTIVE & SOCIAL MEDICINE

1 & 2) Concept of Health & disease

● Define Health indicator. Enlist the characteristics of an ideal indicator. Explain

● Define Health. Enumerate the Dimensions & Determinants of Health.

● Disability limitation & its prevention

● Natural history of a disease

● Epidemiological triad in heart disease

● Rehabilitation – definition, intervention & types

● sentinel surveillance – define, advantages & disadvantages, diseases under in India

● Good health adds years to life

● Socio-economic indicators of health

● Self- care in health

● Role of spiritual health

● Promotion of food hygiene in community

● Differentiate PQLI & HDI

● Levels of health care

● Preventive medicine Vs. community medicine

REVISED2016 MADE BY- ANKIT SUNIYAL(2k12) 1

● Differentiate monitoring & surveillance

● Health for all (Alma-Ata declaration)

● What is DALY, QALY & sullivan’s index?

● Germ theory of disease

● advanced model of triangle of epidemiology

● types of surveillance & conditions requiring surveillance

● Community based rehabilitation (CBR) / CBR matrix

● Family medicine / family doctor

● Positive health & Spectrum of health

Viva/ basis Questions

● What is infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence?

● What is Impairment, Disability, handicap?

● What Is disease control, disease eradication, disease elimination & extinction?

* Father of public health – cholera

* Father of modern epidemiology - john Snow

* Father of Bio-statistics – john Graunt

REVISED2016 MADE BY- ANKIT SUNIYAL(2k12) 2

● * Any numerical exercise on case- control or cohort study to find RR/odd’s

● Quarantine Vs. Isolation

● Chronic carriers of disease / Carriers

● Incubation period & its significance

● Secondary attack rate

● Median incubation period

● Vaccine vial monitor

● Adverse effects following immunization (AEFI) – types & investigations

REVISED2016 MADE BY- ANKIT SUNIYAL(2k12) 3

● Odd’s Ratio & its significance

● Difference between case control & cohort study

● Herd & cross immunity

● The Cold chain

● Steps & uses of descriptive epidemiology

● Case fatality rate (CFR)

● Limitation of mortality data in India

● classify epidemiological methods

● Matching & cofounding factor

● Correlation does not signify causation. Explain why?

● Tools of measurement in epidemiology (Rate, Ratio, Proportion)

● Immunisation schedule (very imp.)

Extra/ distinction Questions

● Principles of designing an experimental study

● What are Medical Ethics?

● Direct & Indirect methods of Standardisation of death rates

● Reverse cold chain

● Differentiate Incidence rate & point Prevalence