PRE-TEST IN READING & WRITING

NAME: DATE:

(SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST)

1. Today Wegener's theory is ____ ; however,

he died an outsider treated with ____ by the
scientific establishment.
A. unsupported - approval
B. dismissed - contempt
C. accepted - approbation
D. unchallenged - disdain
E. unrivalled - reverence
2. The revolution in art has not lost its steam; it
____ on as fiercely as ever.
A. trudges
B. meanders
C. edges
D. ambles
E. rages
3. Each occupation has its own ____ ; bankers,
lawyers and computer professionals, for
example, all use among themselves language
which outsiders have difficulty following.
A. merits
B. disadvantages
C. rewards
D. jargon
E. problems
4. ____ by nature, Jones spoke very little even
to his own family members.
A. garrulous
B. equivocal
C. taciturn
D. arrogant
E. gregarious
5. Biological clocks are of such ____ adaptive
value to living organisms, that we would expect
most organisms to ____ them.
C. enthralled - tied
D. pinioned - limited
E. conventional - encumbered
7. Many people at that time believed that spices
help preserve food; however, Hall found that
many marketed spices were ____ bacteria,
moulds and yeasts.
A. devoid of
B. teeming with
C. improved by
D. destroyed by
E. active against
8. If there is nothing to absorb the energy of
sound waves, they travel on ____ , but their
intensity ____ as they travel further from their
source.
A. erratically - mitigates
B. eternally - alleviates
C. forever - increases
D. steadily - stabilizes
E. indefinitely - diminishes
9. The two artists differed markedly in their
temperaments; Palmer was reserved and
courteous, Frazer ____ and boastful.
A. phlegmatic
B. choleric
C. constrained
D. tractable
E. stoic
10. The intellectual flexibility inherent in a
multicultural nation has been ____ in classrooms
where emphasis on British-American literature
has not reflected the cultural ____ of our
country.

A. clear - avoid A. eradicated - unanimity

B. meager - evolve B. encouraged - aspirations

C. significant - eschew C. stifled - diversity

D. obvious - possess D. thwarted - uniformity

E. ambivalent - develop E. inculcated – divide

6. The peasants were the least ____ of all

people, bound by tradition and ____ by
superstitions.
A. free - fettered
B. enfranchised - rejected
11. Unwilling to admit that they had been in 17. After grafting there is a ____ of lymphocytes
error, the researchers tried to ____ their case in the lymph glands; the newly produced
with more data obtained from dubious sources. lymphocytes then move in to attack the foreign
tissue.
A. ascertain
A. diminution
B. buttress
B. proliferation
C. refute
C. obliteration
D. absolve
D. paucity
E. dispute
E. attraction
12. Archaeology is a poor profession; only ____
sums are available for excavating sites and even 18. One ____ the new scheme is that it might
more ____ amounts for preserving the actually ____ just those applicants that it was
excavations. intended to encourage.
A. paltry - meager A. highlight of - stimulate
B. miniscule - substantial B. feature of - attract
C. average - augmented C. problem with - induce
D. judicious - penurious D. attraction of - intimidate
E. modest - generous E. drawback of - daunt

13. The student was extremely foolhardy; he had 19. Corruption is ____ in our society; the
the ____ to question the senior professor's integrity of even senior officials is ____ .
judgment.
A. growing - unquestioned
A. wisdom
B. endangered - disputed
B. temerity
C. pervasive - intact
C. interest
D. rare - corrupted
D. trepidation
E. rife - suspect
E. condescension
20. In their day to day decision making, many
14. The formerly ____ waters of the lake have senior managers do not follow the rational model
been polluted so that the fish are no longer favored by orthodox management experts, but
visible from the surface. rather rely on intuitive processes that often
appear ____ and ____.
A. muddy
A. cerebral - considered
B. tranquil
B. heretical - judgmental
C. stagnant
C. conscientious - logical
D. pellucid
D. irrational - iconoclastic
E. rancid
E. capricious – deliberate
15. After the accident, the nerves to her arm
were damaged and so the muscles ____
through disuse.
A. atrophied
B. contracted
C. elongated
D. invigorated
E. dwindled

16. Some critics maintain that Tennyson's poetry

is uneven, ranging from the ____ to the ____.
A. sublime - elevated
B. trite - inspired
C. vacuous - inane
D. succinct - laconic
E. sonorous - voluble
 (PASSAGE-BASED READING TEST)

The extract is taken from a book written sixty years ago by a British scientist in which he considers the
relationship between science and society.

The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its

introduction into education would remove the conventionality,
artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were characteristic;
of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in
5 their time had the humanists thought that the study of the classical
authors in the original would banish at once the dull pedantry and
superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The professional
schoolmaster was a match for both of them, and has almost
managed to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull
10 and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgil's Aeneid.

The chief claim for the use of science in education is that it

teaches a child something about the actual universe in which he is
living, in making him acquainted with the results of scientific
15 discovery, and at the same time teaches him how to think logically
and inductively by studying scientific method. A certain limited
success has been reached in the first of these aims, but practically
none at all in the second. Those privileged members of the
community who have been through a secondary or public school

20 education may be expected to know something about the

elementary physics and chemistry of a hundred years ago, but they
probably know hardly more than any bright boy can pick up from
an interest in wireless or scientific hobbies out of school hours.
As to the learning of scientific method, the whole thing is palpably
25 a farce. Actually, for the convenience of teachers and the
requirements of the examination system, it is necessary that the
pupils not only do not learn scientific method but learn precisely
the reverse, that is, to believe exactly what they are told and to
reproduce it when asked, whether it seems nonsense to them or
30 not. The way in which educated people respond to such quackeries
as spiritualism or astrology, not to say more dangerous ones such
as racial theories or currency myths, shows that fifty years of
education in the method of science in Britain or Germany has
produced no visible effect whatever. The only way of learning the
35 method of science is the long and bitter way of personal
experience, and, until the educational or social systems are altered
to make this possible, the best we can expect is the production of a
minority of people who are able to acquire some of the techniques
of science and a still smaller minority who are able to use and
40 develop them.

Adapted from: The Social Function of Science, John D Bernal (1939)

1. The author implies that the 'professional schoolmaster' (line 7) has

A. no interest in teaching science
B. thwarted attempts to enliven education
C. aided true learning
D. supported the humanists
E. been a pioneer in both science and humanities.

2. The author�s attitude to secondary and public school education in the sciences is
A. ambivalent
B. neutral
C. supportive
D. satirical
E. contemptuous

3. The word �palpably� (line 24) most nearly means

A. empirically
B. obviously
C. tentatively
D. markedly
E. ridiculously
4. The author blames all of the following for the failure to impart scientific method through the education
system except
A. poor teaching
B. examination methods
C. lack of direct experience
D. the social and education systems
E. lack of interest on the part of students

5. If the author were to study current education in science to see how things have changed since he wrote
the piece, he would probably be most interested in the answer to which of the following questions?
A. Do students know more about the world about them?
B. Do students spend more time in laboratories?
C. Can students apply their knowledge logically?
D. Have textbooks improved?
E. Do they respect their teachers?

6. Astrology (line 31) is mentioned as an example of

A. a science that needs to be better understood
B. a belief which no educated people hold
C. something unsupportable to those who have absorbed the methods of science
D. the gravest danger to society
E. an acknowledged failure of science

7. All of the following can be inferred from the text except

A. at the time of writing, not all children received a secondary school education
B. the author finds chemical reactions interesting
C. science teaching has imparted some knowledge of facts to some children
D. the author believes that many teachers are authoritarian
E. it is relatively easy to learn scientific method.
II. Writing

Think of one current issue or problem in your community or school. In 300 to 500 words, describe
the problem and propose a solution for it. Use the space below for your essay.