Describe and discuss 1.

Describe the structure of eye, optical VERTICAL HORIZON

functional anatomy of eye; apparatus, functions of different components ( 1 INTEGRATION TAL
physiology of image h)/SGT INTEGRAT
formation, physiology of ION
vision including colour 1. Understand how eye functions as an
vision, refractive errors, automatic living camera.
colour blindness, physiology
2. Functions of 3 layers of eye ball: Sclera,
of pupil and light reflex
Choroid & Retina

3. Role of Cornea, lens, Aqueous humor,

Vitreous body as refractive media.

4. Functions of ciliary body & ciliary

muscles in accommodation
2. Describe the location, formation, circulation, OPHTHALMOLGY
drainage and functions aqueous humor and
understand the causes and pathogenesis of
glaucoma (1 h)/SGT
1. Understand the Structure &
functions of Sclero-corneal
junction.
2. Formation, circulation, Functions
and applied aspects of Aqueous
humor.
3. Describe the causes and pathogenesis
of Glaucoma;
3. Review the physics of optics and correlate OPHTHALMOLOGY
to the mechanism of image formation in
human eye; Understand how eye functions as
refractive medium & refractive indices. (1
h)/SGT
1. How eye functions as refractive
media.

2. Explain the Concept of reduced eye

and image formation.

3 Refractive errors of the eye and

their correction.

4 Describe the Spherical and

 chromatic aberrations of the eye

4. Explain the accommodation of eye and

explain the structure and functions of retina;
functions of photoreceptors. (1h)/SGT
1. Understand how eye
accommodates for near vision from
distant vision.

2. Functions of ciliary body & ciliary

muscles in accommodation

3. Diagram of layers of retina & their

Functions.

4. Photoreceptors: Structure &

functions of Rods & cones.

5. Describe photochemistry of vision and

phototransduction (1h)
1. Understand how bleaching occurs
in Rhodopsin cycle.

2. Describe the Steps in the Photo

transduction.

3. Acuity of Vision; Snellen’s chart &

Field of vision.

6.Explain visual functions such as visual acuity, OPHTHALMOLOGY

color vision and dark adaptation (1h)/SGT
3. Understand ERG and its clinical
significance.

4. Dark adaptation & role of rods.

5. Various theories of Colour vision &

clinical significance.
Describe and discuss the 7.Define field of vision; explain visual field
physiological basis of
defects in lesions of visual pathway (1h)/SGT
lesion in visual
pathway - Explain the visual pathway
- Explain the light reflex
- Describe the location and role visual

Describe and discuss the
functional anatomy of ear
and auditory pathways and
physiology of hearng
Demonstrate (i) Testing of
visual acuity, colour and
field of vision
and (ii) hearing (iii) Testing
for smell and (iv) taste
sensation in
volunteer/ simulated
environment
Describe and discuss
functional anatomy of
ear,auditory pathways and
physiology of hearing
Describe and discuss
pathophysiology of
deafness. Describe hearing
tests
Describe and discuss
perception of smell and
taste sensation
cortex
- Describe various defects due to lesion at
various levels & the basis of macular
sparing
8. Describe the functional anatomy of
external ear, middle ear and inner ear (1h)
- Describe the physics related sound waves
- Explain the functional anatomy of the ear
(SGT)
- Describe the role of external ear
- Explain the functions of middle ear
9. Explain the functions of middle ear and
describe impedance matching (1h)
- Explain the functional anatomy of cochlea
- Functions of inner ear
- Describe the inner& outer hair cell
- Explain the mechanism of hearing
-
Describe and discuss auditory & visual evoke
potentials (SGT)
10. Explain the organization and mode of ENT
stimulation of auditory receptors
(1h)/ SGT
 Explain the auditory pathway
 Explain the functions of auditory cortex
 Explain audiometry
Describe and discuss pathophysiology of ENT
deafness. Describe hearing tests (1h)
1. Explain the pathophysiology of
deafness
2. Describe the tests for hearing
3. Review different types of deafness
11. Describe the location of taste receptors, draw ENT
taste pathway and explain physiology and applied
aspects of taste sensation. (1h)
 Name the basic taste modalities (SGT)
 Describe the structure of taste bud with
the help of a diagram.
 Draw the diagram of taste pathway./SGT
 12. Describe the location of olfactory receptors, ENT
draw olfactory pathway and explain the
physiology o and applied aspects of olfaction
(1h)/ SGT

- Explain the location of olfactory

receptors
-Define the terms microsmatic and
microsmatic animals.
- Explain the role of higher centers in
perception of olfactory stimuli.
Describe and discuss the pathophysiology of ENT
altered smell and taste sensation ( 2h)
 Explain various abnormalities of taste
 -Explain the abnormalities of smell
sensation

SPECIAL SENSES-