Principles of Guidance

and Values Education

(Approaches in Teaching
Values Education)

Leonardo, Rubby Rose R.

BSED English 4-2

Mrs. Jezreelita Casimiro

August 3, 2018
1. Evocation Approach

It provides an environment which allows maximum freedom for students, and

provides a provocative situation for which spontaneous reactions are elicited.

Classroom Scenario:

The teacher will show his students different pictures. Afterwards, they’ll tell
the class about how they feel towards the pictures.

Picture A

Student: I feel shame about myself for sometimes not being contented of the life I am
enjoying now. I could eat three times or more every day, I have a home and a
complete family living with me. But I still easily get annoyed when I can’t have things
that I badly want when I already have the things I need to survive. The picture shows
a father with his children enjoying the food that they just got somewhere. It reminds
me that life has never been easy, but simple things can make it more valuable if you
learn how to appreciate it with the persons you treasure the most.

Picture B

Student: I feel pain and agony for the father whose carrying the lifeless body of his
daughter on his arms. Nothing’s more painful than losing someone so sudden and
unexpectedly.
2. Awareness Approach

This approach helps students to become aware and identify their own values.
The students are encouraged to share their experiences.

Classroom Scenario:

Teacher: Okay class, our topic for today is about the story entitled Seven
Sundays. This story talks about the value of family and the circumstances each member
of the family is experiencing.

Teacher: Anyway, for you, what is a family?

Student 1: Ma’am, for me, family is a group of people who continuously shares
love and affection with each other no matter how hard life is.

Student 2: Family lives in a thing called home. A house can never be considered
home without a family living there. A home is a place where you should always be at
your best self with the best persons in your life— your family.

Teacher: Thank you for the wonderful definitions you two have given us. So now,
think of the most memorable day you had with your family and share to the class what
makes it so memorable to you.

Student 3: My mom and dad are both OFWs, so last Christmas, yeah in 2017,
they came home and yes that was the very first Christmas celebration that we all had as
a complete family. We did exchange gifts and sent Christmas cards to each other. That
was very fun and I could feel nothing but only happiness and love. I also got my dream
phone that day. I even prayed for that day not to end but life seems to be an unending
battle and yet I’m still beyond grateful that, that day happened to us ‘cause I’m not sure
when it’ll happen again. *teary- eyed*

Student 4: Seriously, every day being with my family seems to be memorable for
me but if I have to choose one, I think that was when my father got hospitalized
because of his illness. We had no other source of finances to pay for his bill in hospital
and all the expenses on his surgery. We were all feeling hopeless during those times
and I even had a thought of not continuing my studies. Thankfully, everything got settled
in a long run. My father gets cured and is healthy now, my brother got his job and every
time I think about what happened, I feel that it helped me rather us, my whole family to
become a lot stronger with many things that’s gonna happen along the way. It was a
great test of faith that I would never forget.

Teacher: You both are indeed keepers. Next is have you ever lied to your family?
What was it and how did you handle it?

Student 5: Yes, I am not allowed to have a boyfriend until I finish college but then
I got one when I was on my 2nd year in high school. We immediately broke up after a
couple of month. I decided to confess it to my family right after our high school
graduation. At first, mom got mad at me for not telling her the truth and keeping secrets
from her but since it already happened, she just forgave me and I promised that I won’t
do it again.

Teacher: See, in every situation you’re in together with your family, you’ll see
how you’re learning from it and what values you develop to yourself.
3. Moral Reasoning Approach

The teacher set up learning experiences which facilitate moral development.

Empathy is a critical factor in role taking.

Classroom Situation:

Teacher: Today we’ll going to talk about bullying. I want you to observe the picture and
think that you’re the person being bullied by your classmate. What would you feel?

Student: If I am the one being bullied in the picture, I’d feel hurt and feel bad for myself
because I am so weak that I couldn’t even fight for myself. I’d probably feel that I am
alone ‘cause everyone thinks that I’m a loser.

Teacher: Exactly! Now I want to ask you if you want to feel that way. Do you want to?

Student: No.

Teacher: No one in this world wants to feel being a loser and invisible so don’t do it to
others. Don’t ever make them feel unwanted or unaccepted because we do not know
how our words and actions might affect them. We must be careful and sensitive enough
for other people’s emotion, we all have different situations that we encounter so don’t
make it too hard for a person to move forward. Always remember the golden rule that
says “Don’t do to others what you do not want others do unto you”. If you don’t want to
be bullied, don’t be a bully.
4. Analysis Approach

The group or individuals are encouraged to study social value problems.

Classroom scenario:

The topic is about societal issues. The teacher will ask the students to get
themselves a partner. After getting their own partners, they have to brainstorm ideas
and answer the following:

1. What are the common problems encountered by the society? Cite at least five.

Student: Most common problems encountered by our society are as follows:

1. Corruption. Corruption is the first of all the problems in the society.

Corrupt officials are the main reasons of the other crisis we have here in our country.

2. Poverty. Due to the continuous increase of the population, sometimes

government funds are not enough to support every starving family in the Philippines.

3. Unemployment. Because of too much population and poverty, some

family cannot afford to send their children to school so they’re not able to attain
requirements or credentials for getting more decent and stable jobs.

4. Malnutrition. It is cause by poverty. Most Filipino children are not able to

eat nutritious foods due to poverty so their health is being sacrificed and it will result to
malnutrition.

5. Criminalities and Drug Addiction. It can also be a result of poverty.

Some were forced to steal or do something bad to earn money through illegal ways.

2. Formulate possible solutions on how to address these problems.

Student: The most possible solution for me is just to choose, analyze and elect
government officials that have faith and fear in God and have the heart for his
constituents.

3. What should be the characteristics of a good government?

Student: A good government must have an ear that is ready to hear complaints,
a pair of eyes that can see people as equal human beings and has the heart that
considers every situation of the people living in the society.
5. Commitment Approach

It enables the students to perceive themselves not merely as passive reactors or

as free individuals but as inner-relative members of a social group and system.

Classroom Scenario:

The students will be asked about their insights on free tertiary education.

“We have a lot of financial problems to worry about going into college, such as
books, dorms and food plans. Having one fewer economic factor to worry about would
be a great stress-reliever and we wouldn’t have to worry about being in debt for years
afterwards. We shouldn’t feel punished with multiple fees to be educated.” – Student

“Getting an education shouldn’t be a process of begging and borrowing money

and later on having to make payments to get an education. An education can be
beneficial to the country as well as the individual. The country will be more educated,
which helps the Philippines compete in the global economy.”- Student

References: http://www.thedailystar.com/opinion/letters_to_the_editor/in-your-opinion-
free-tuition-makes-sense-for-college-students/article_d344e518-adc3-5e72-9560-
9846979fc23a.html
6. Union Approach

The purpose is to help students to perceive themselves and act not as separate
egos but as part of a larger inter-related whole-the human race, the world, the cosmos/

Classroom Scenario:

For the activity for Buwan ng Wika celebration, the teacher asks the students to
form a group with 10 members each to portray or act out the values shown by our
Filipino heroes during the battle for our country’s freedom.
7. Value Clarification Approach

It helps students use both rational thinking and emotional awareness to examine
personal behavior patterns and classify and actualize values.

Classroom Scenario:

The students will be given an activity, a subjective type activity. They must
answer questions based only on facts.
8. Inculcation Approach

Students are forced to act according to specific desired values.

Classroom scenario:

The teacher will give situations to the students and ask them what they are
supposed to do when they are in the same situation.

Situation 1: Upon walking on the hallway, you see your teacher carrying lots of
load such as books, laptop, and etc. What are u going to do?

Student: First, I’ll greet her good morning or good afternoon and I will offer her
some help, maybe I’ll ask her if I could bring her other loads.

Situation 2: You saw your classmate cheating during the exam. What will you
do?

Student: I’ll give him a warning that if he won’t stop it, I’ll go report him to the
teacher. If he continue what he has been doing then that’s the time I’ll tell the teacher
that he’s cheating on our examination.

Situation 3: Your friends want to cut classes and hang out.

Student: Even if they’re not around, and even if it makes me the “KJ” in our circle
of friends, I’ll still choose to stay in class.

Situation 4: You’ve got a boyfriend who’s very clingy to you and even inside the
campus; he always shows her affection to you through hugging or kissing you.

Student: I’ll talk to him nicely and explain to him that school isn’t a place for
dating.

Situation 5: You’re in the middle of a seminar when your cellphone suddenly

rings, and it looks like somebody is calling.

Student: I’ll turn the phone ring silent, and immediately go outside the seminar
room to take the call.