In spite of sensational changes in street wellbeing since the 1970s, street crashes still murder an

inadmissibly high number of individuals in OECD nations. Roughly 125 000 individuals kick the bucket
each year on the streets of OECD nations. This implies a street crash casualty bites the dust at regular
intervals. (OECD, 2002)

The Department of Transport and Communications (DOTC) together with its sub-agenies the Land Transportation
Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB), and the Land Transportation Office (LTO) has issued Joint Administrative
Order (JAO) No. 2014-01 which expects to force stricter fines and punishments against blundering open utility vehicle
(PUV) drivers and administrators who are working unlawfully or the individuals who will damage their establishment
directions.

Corrupt PUV administrators have gone similar to altering body, motor, and vehicle unit numbers to bypass
establishment directions. Some occasion work with altered or ad libbed tags.

In help of the offices' task against 'colorum' PUVs, heavier fines and expanded times of seizing will be completed
against violators. The endorsement of open accommodation (CPC) to which the colorum vehicle has a place will be
disavowed, and their vehicle enlistments. They will likewise be boycotted from being utilized as PUVs later on. For
rehash guilty parties, CPCs of the whole armada of the administrator will be renounced, and in addition vehicle
enlistments and a perpetual boycott.

The request covers other PUV-related infringement too, for example, the refusal to render administrations to general
society or to pass on travelers to their goal; cheating; utilizing rash, rude, inconsiderate, or haughty drivers; working
PUVs with inadequate parts and adornments; utilizing altered taximeters; trip cutting; and others. (AutoIndustriya, 2014)

Most Filipinos know about the expression "colorum"— slang for unlawful open land transport in the nation. For the
Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) and its two offices, the Land Transportation Office (LTO)
and the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB), the expression "colorum" alludes to an
establishment infringement as indicated by five criteria. Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-01 issued by the DOTC
on 2 June 2014 states that if a private engine vehicle works as an open utility vehicle (PUV) without appropriate expert
from the LTFRB, it is working as a colorum vehicle. Be that as it may, an open utility vehicle (PUV) can likewise submit
a "colorum infringement" in the event that it works "outside its affirmed course or territory without earlier allow from the
[LTFRB]" or on the off chance that it works "outside the exemptions gave under existing reminder handouts." It is
additionally a colorum infringement for a PUV to work uniquely in contrast to its "approved division." When a PUV is
approved to work as a school benefit vehicle, for instance, it should just be utilized all things considered. It can't be
utilized to pass on travelers like an UV express, or what is usually alluded to as "FX." At the point when a PUV keeps
on working notwithstanding when its endorsement of open comfort (CPC) is suspended or dropped and the request of
suspension or retraction is executory, it is additionally submitting a colorum infringement. A PUV working with a lapsed
CPC without a pending application for expansion of legitimacy "opportune recorded" before the LTFRB is likewise
submitting a colorum offense. There are at present ten arrangements of land transportation benefits that ought to apply
for establishment at the LTFRB: open utility transport, small transport, open utility jeep, taxi, UV express, traveler
transport, carry transport, fil taxi, school transport, and truck for enlist. (Romualdo, 2015)

Unregistered or "colorum" vehicles, drivers without permit and petty criminal offenses can be risky to the two drivers
and travelers as they make the lanes more perilous (LTO, 2018)

Joint Administrative Order No. 2014 - 01

REVISED SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS
GOVERNING LAND TRANSPORTATION

A. DRIVING WITHOUT A VALID DRIVER’S LICENSE/CONDUCTOR’S PERMIT PHP 3,000.00

B. DRIVING A MOTOR VEHICLE USED IN THE COMMISION OF A CRIME UPON PHP 10,000.00
CONVICTION BY A REGULAR COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION
C. COMMISION OF A CRIME IN THE COURSE OF APPREHENSION UPON PHP 10,000.00
CONVICTION BY AREGULAR COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION
D. DRIVING A MOTOR VEHICLE WHILE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL,
DANGEROUS DRUGS AND/OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCE UPON FINAL
CONVICTION BY A REGULAR COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION
E. RECKLESS DRIVING
FIRST OFFENSE- PHP 2,000.00
SECOND OFFENSE- PHP3,000.00
SUBSEQUENT OFFENSE- PHP 10,000.00
F. SUBMISSION OF FAKE DOCUMENTS IN RELATION TO THE APPLICATION PHP 3,000.00
FOR A DRIVER’S LICENSE (NEW/RENEWAL)

G.1 FAILURE TO WEAR THE PRESCRIBED SEATBELT DEVICE

FIRST OFFENSE- PHP 1,000.00

SECOND OFFENSE- PHP 2,000.00

THIRD OFFENSE- 5,000.00

G.2 FAILURE TO REQUIRE HIS/HER PASSENGER/S TO WEAR THE PRESCRIBED PHP

3,000.00

SEATBELT DEVICE

H. FAILURE TO WEAR THE STANDARD PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE HELMET OR

FAILURE TO REQUIRE THE BACK RIDER TO WEAR THE STANDARD PROTECTIVE

MOTORCYCLE HELMET, UNDER R.A. 10054

FIRST OFFENSE- PHP 1,500.00

SECOND OFFENSE- PHP 3,000.00

THIRD OFFENSE – PHP 5,000.00

FOURTH AND SUCCEEDING OFFENSES – 10,000.00

I. FAILURE TO CARRY DRIVER’S LICENSE, CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION OR PHP 1,000.00

OFFICIAL RECEIPT WHILE DRIVING A MOTOR VEHICLE

J. ALL OTHER VIOLATIONS OF TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS PHP 1,000.00

(JAO, 2014)

DEPARTMENT ORDER NO: 2011 - 20

CREATION OF THE DOTC LAND TRANSPORT SAFETY INVESTIGATION (LTSI) GROUP

THERE HAD BEEN A SPATE OF SERIOUS ACCIDENTS INVOLVING PUBLIC UTILITY BUSES AND LRT/MRT
TRAINS IN THE PAST MONTHS RESULTING IN ALARMING NUMBER OF KILLED OR INJURED VICTIMS
AND/OR SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE CAUSED TO THE ENVIRONMENT OR PROPERTY.

IN THIS LIGHT AND IN LINE WITH THE EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 292, AND THE DOTC’S PROGRAMS UNDER
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 184, SERIES OF 2007, TO PROMOTE TRAVEL SAFETY AND PREVENT ROAD
ACCIDENTS, A DOTC LAND TRANSPORT SAFETY INVESTIGATION (LTSI) GROUP IS HEREBY CREATED AND
SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FOLLOWING TASKS:

1. CONSOLIDATE AND CONDUCT A MULTI – DISCIPLINARY EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE

FACTUAL INFORMATION AND CAUSES OR PRBABLE CAUSES AND OTHER SAFETY DEFICIENCIES
OF THE MAJOR LAND TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS THAT OCCURRED IN THE PAST EIGHT (8)
MONTHS;
2. DEVELOP AND SUBMIT A LAND TRANSPORT SAFETY INVESTIGATION ACTION PLAN TO PREVENT
OR MITIGATE FUTURE ACCIDENTS WHICH WILL DETAIL AMONG OTHERS PROPOSED SAFETY
RECOMMENDATIONS, IMPROVEMENT STANDARDS AND COUNTERMEASURES ADDRESSING
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND VEHICLE ROADWORTHINESS; AND OPERATIONAL REFORMS AND
INTERVENTIONS IN THE INSTITUTIONAL, OPERATIONAL AND REGULATORY PRACTICES IN THE
FIELD OF SAFETY – ORIENTED ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. SAID ACTION PLAN SHALL BE
SUBMITTED WITHIN 90 DAYS FROM THE EFFECTIVITY OF THIS ORDER; AND
3. WITHIN 15 DAYS FROM THE OCCURRENCE OF LAND TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS, SUBMIT AN
EVALUATION REPORT TO THE DOTC SECRETARY, THROUGH THE UNDERSECRETARY FOR ROAD
TRANSPORT, DETAILING THE CIRCUMSTANCES, THE CAUSES OR PROBABLE CAUSES AND
RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOW THESE ACCIDENTS CAN EITHER BE PREVENTED OR MITIGATED.
(DOTC, 2011)

Republic Act No. 8750

AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY COMPLIANCE BY MOTORISTS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC VEHICLES
TO USE SEAT BELT DEVICES, AND REQUIRING VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS TO INSTALL SEAT BELT
DEVICES IN ALL THEIR MANUFACTURED VEHICLES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled::

Section 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the "Seat Belts Use Act of 1999."

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby declared the policy of the State to secure and safeguard its citizenry,
particularly the passengers and drivers of private and public motor vehicles, from the ruinous and extremely injurious
effects of vehicular accidents. Towards this end, the State shall pursue a more proactive and preventive approach in
order to secure the safety of the passengers and drivers at all times with the mandatory enforcement of the use of seat
belt devices by the drivers and front seat passengers of private and public motor vehicles.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the term:

(a) "Motorist" shall refer to the driver of a motor vehicle.

(b) "Seat belt device" shall refer to any strap, webbing or similar device in the form of pelvic restraint or lap
belt, upper torso restraint or shoulder strap or a combination thereof designed to secure a person in a motor
vehicle in order to mitigate the results of any accident, including all necessary buckles and other fasteners,
and all hardware designed for installing such seat belt device in a motor vehicle.

(c) "Motor vehicle" shall refer to both private and public motor vehicle. The term shall not include the tricycle
and motorcycle.

(d) "Private motor vehicle" shall refer to any of the following:

(1) Any motor vehicle owned by individuals and juridical persons for private use;
 (2) Any motor vehicle owned by the National Government or any of its agencies, instrumentalities
or political subdivisions, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their
subsidiaries for official use; and

(3) Any diplomatic vehicle.

(e) "Public motor vehicle" shall refer to public utility vehicle or vehicle for hire.

(f) "Motor vehicle of running engine" shall refer to a vehicle as stated herein, operating and standing on any
road or thoroughfare with engine running.

(g) "Front seat passengers" shall refer to persons on board a public utility vehicle seated at the right side
beside the driver for public utility jeepneys (PUJs) and to passengers seated at the right side beside the
driver and those at the first row immediately behind the driver in the case of public utility buses (PUBs) and
to passengers seated on the right side beside the driver for private motor vehicles.

Section 4. Mandatory Use of Seat Belts. — For their own safety, the driver and front seat passengers of a public or
private motor vehicle are required to wear or use their seat belt devices while inside a vehicle of running engine on any
road or thoroughfare: Provided, That for private vehicles, except for jeeps, jeepneys, vans, buses and such other private
vehicles as may be determined in the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), front and back seat passengers are
likewise required to use their seat belt devices at all times.

In the case of public motor vehicles, the driver shall be required to immediately inform and require the front seat
passengers upon boarding a vehicle of running engine to wear the prescribed seat belts. Any passenger who refuses
to wear seat belts shall not be allowed to continue his/her trip.

For special public service vehicles such as school services and other similar vehicles as may be determined by the
IRR, seat belt devices should be provided and used by both drivers and front seat passengers as defined herein and
the first row passengers immediately behind the driver at all times while inside a vehicle of running engine.

Operational motor vehicles, both public and private, which are not equipped with the required seat belt devices, are
given one (1) year from the issuance of the IRR by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) to retrofit appropriate seat belt
devices in their vehicles.

Section 5. Children Prohibited to Sit in Front Seat. — Infants and/or children with ages six (6) years and below shall be
prohibited to sit in the front seat of any running motor vehicle.

Section 6. Coverage. — This Act, in the interest of public safety, shall apply to drivers and front seat passengers of
public and private motor vehicles and other vehicles as may be determined by the IRR thereon.

Section 7. Provisions for Seat Belt. — This Act further requires car manufacturers, assemblers and distributors to
ensure that seat belt devices are properly installed before the distribution and sale of the said vehicles as determined
by the IRR thereon: Provided, That manufacturers, assemblers and distributors of jeepneys may install a pelvic restraint
or lap belt only in the driver's and front seat passengers' seats and this shall be considered as substantial compliance
with the requirements of this Act.

Section 8. Importation. — It shall be unlawful for any person to import or cause the importation of any vehicle without
appropriate and operational seat belt devices as required herein and in accordance with the IRR thereon.

Section 9. Type of Seat Belt Devices Required. — The seat belt devices required to be installed in all motor vehicles
shall comply with the standards and specifications established by the Bureau of Product Standards of the Department
of Trade and Industry (DTI) in consultation with the LTO of the Department of Transportation and Communications
(DOTC): Provided, That the seat belt devices installed in imported second-hand motor vehicles shall conform to the
standards and specifications of the Bureau of Product Standards for purposes of importation and registration.

Section 10. Registration. — No new motor vehicle shall be allowed initial registration and succeeding renewal of
registration unless it is equipped with the necessary seat belt devices. Renewal of registration of in-use vehicles without
necessary seat belt devices shall not be allowed one (1) year after the passage of the IRR as specified in Section 11
of this Act. For this purpose, the LTO shall include in the implementing guidelines a system of vehicle registration where
compliance with Section 4 hereof is required.

Section 11. Period of Implementation. — The LTO shall be the agency primarily responsible in the enforcement and
implementation of this Act. Within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, the LTO shall formulate and issue the
necessary implementing rules, regulations and guidelines and shall mobilize available resources to assure the effective
implementation of this Act: Provided, That the LTO or its successor tasked with the implementation of this Act may
require the use of special car seats for infants, if it is deemed necessary.

Section 12. Penalties and Fines. — In the enforcement of this Act, the LTO shall impose fines against drivers, operators,
owners of vehicles, manufacturers, assemblers, importers and/or distributors for violation of this Act.

The following shall be the basis in defining fine and penalty provisions of the IRR to be promulgated pursuant to Section
11 hereof, provided that six (6) months grace period shall be allowed to lapse to conduct a nationwide information
campaign:

(1) On the driver

(a) For failure to wear the prescribed seat belt devices and/or failure to require his passengers to
wear the prescribed seat belt device, a minimum fine of One hundred pesos (P100) but not to
exceed One thousand pesos (P1,000) for the first violation; a minimum fine of Two hundred pesos
(P200) but not to exceed Two thousand pesos (P2,000) for the second violation; and a minimum
fine of Five hundred pesos (P500) but not to exceed Five thousand pesos (P5,000) and suspension
of driver's license for a period of one (1) week for the third and succeeding violations;

(b) Public utility vehicles shall post appropriate signages instructing front seat

passengers to wear seat belts when inside the vehicle. Non-compliance hereof will hold both the driver and
the operator liable and shall be fined a minimum of Three hundred pesos (P300) but not to exceed Three
thousand pesos (P3,000) for every violation; and

(2) On any manufacturer, assembler, importer and distributor for every unit found without seat belt devices
installed prior to its distribution to the public, a minimum fine of Five thousand pesos (P5,000) but not to
exceed Ten thousand pesos (P10,000) and suspension of the license to manufacture, assemble, import or
distribute for a period of one (1) year for the first violation; a minimum fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000)
but not to exceed Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000) and suspension of the license to manufacture,
assemble, import or distribute for a period of two (2) years for the second violation; and a fine of Twenty
thousand pesos (P20,000) but not to exceed Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000) and suspension of the license
to manufacture, assemble, import or distribute for a period of five (5) years for the third violation.

Section 13. Nationwide Public Information Campaign. — (a) The LTO, in coordination with the Philippine Information
Agency (PIA) the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) and private agencies and organizations, shall
undertake a regular nationwide Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign for the attainment of the
objectives of this Act. The campaign shall stress the safety and health value of seat belts to support the most effective
enforcement of this Act.

(b) The LTO, in coordination with the local government units, shall likewise utilize the services of citizen
groups and community organizations for the promotion of public safety awareness in observance of this Act.

(c) The fines that will be collected for the enforcement of this Act shall be used exclusively for the
implementation of the provisions of this Act, including the necessary promotion campaigns for the use of
seat belt devices.

Section 14. Separability Clause. — If any provision, or part hereof, is held invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder of
the law or provision not otherwise affected shall remain valid and subsisting.
Section 15. Repealing Clause. — Section 34, Article IV of Republic Act No. 4136 is hereby amended and any law,
executive order, decree, issuance, ordinance, rule and regulation or any part thereof contrary or inconsistent with the
provisions of this Act is also hereby repealed, modified or amended accordingly.

Section 16. Effectivity Clause. — This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in at least two (2)
national newspapers of general circulation. (DOTC,1999)