ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

Vegetation has been an important

Trends and Issues
factor in the society to continually respond to
As the Botany industry has continually
the needs of the society in terms of raw
grown into wider horizon, farmers and
products that comes from the agricultural
agriculture-related personnel has started to
sector. As the nature requires advancements,
come up with ways on how to improve not only
charcoal fertilizer usage are being introduced to
the quantity of production but as well as its
help the planters in improving the quality of
quality to provide better raw goods for the
production. In this study, data shall be
citizens which are readily accessible. Along with
presented to determine the effectiveness of
this, soil degradation has started to take its toll,
charcoal fertilizer to vegetation. Quasi-
thus affecting the crops that are being
experimental research design was used to
produced. This phenomenon served as the
gather data through observations and
springboard for innovations in the agricultural
experimentations. After gathering the data, it is
industry. Among these innovations is the usage
found that the charcoal fertilizer has a positive
of charcoal as part of the farming process.
effect on vegetation and it enables the plant to
According to Philip D. Myers (2018), charcoal
produce a more desirable outcome, compared
absorbs carbon dioxide that helps in easier
to the traditional vegetation.
growth of the crop, especially if it is a leafy crop.
It is said that charcoal helps in boosting the
chemical and physical composition of a plant
that helps in faster and better production.
Nowadays, as charcoal fertilizers are being
introduced in the market, different agricultural
bodies and agencies have started to consider its
usage and its effects towards the industry.
Different types of charcoal fertilizers were onset

1
to be under series of observations and ● The plant’s mass
experimentations to test its effectiveness and ● The plant’s texture
contribution.
Conceptual Framework
But along with this, experts have
Contributions INPUT
started to create conflicting ideas whether the
Finding a plant and charcoal fertilizer to be
charcoal fertilizer was actually effective or not. This study is
utilized
According to Teresa (2017), charcoal fertilizer
PROCESS
helps to improve soil drainage, reduce the risk
of soil compaction, and also boost the nutrient Planting the Brassica rapa (Pechay) on a
soil with charcoal fertilizer and conduct
level of the soil. But Yu et al. argued that no day-to-day observation.
appreciable changes were brought about in the
deemed to be
concentrations of major and trace elements OUTPUT
beneficial to:
both in the solution and in the plant by the
Determine the effectiveness of charcoal
addition of charcoal, thus leading to the fertilizer to vegetation
problem whether the charcoal is effective or
● Botanist- The study may be used as a
not; that has given the researchers the idea of
platform for creating innovative
observing the effect of charcoal fertilizers to
products in the industry
vegetation.
● Agriculture businesses- The study may
Objective be used to improve the quality of

This study aims to determine the effects of vegetation and to develop the planting

charcoal to vegetation of plants, specifically of processes.

Brassica rapa (Pechay) by identifying its growth ● Future researchers-The study may be

and health determining it by the following used as a ground for research ideas and

criteria: to improve the other aspects of the

study that needs development.
● The plant’s color
● The plant’s odor Hypothesis

● The plant’s height

2
 The charcoal fertilizer has a positive
effect on vegetation.
METHODS
As required by its nature, the study
used a Quasi-experimental research design
according to Bhat (2019), an independent
variable is manipulated but the participants of a
group are not randomly assigned as per
conditions. The independent variable is
manipulated before calculating the dependent
variable and so, directionality problem is
eliminated. The said definition fits the required
method of the study, thus allowing easier way
of obtaining data from the experiment. Through
this type of design, researchers are able to
control and manipulate the variables to extract
the necessary data needed for the study.
Ten experts were consulted for their own
observation on the plant to strengthen the data
gathered by the researchers, supported by the
opinion of the experts. Different amount of
activated charcoal, commercial charcoal, and
common fertilizer were mixed in the soil to
create comparisons and contrasting between
the plants to identify the exact amount of
charcoal that would create the desirable result.
Different positioning methods were also used in
mixing the substance with the soil as a process
of experimenting whether the positioning of the
substance has relevance to its growth rate.
Through this experimentation, the researchers
have identified the effectiveness of the charcoal
fertilizer and shall be validated by the experts.
RESULTS

The study conducted an experiment to TABLE 1:1 Daily observation Brassica rapa

determine the effectiveness of the charcoal (Pechay)

fertilizer to the Brassica rapa (Pechay) wherein Charcoal and Sunlight Sunlight
a day-to-day observation was done to observe activated exposure exposure
the growth rate of the plant and its response to charcoal (Start) (End)
the fertilizer. For 40 days, researchers have (14.3 grams) 11:03 AM 3:50 PM
meticulously planted the seed, inspected the (7.15 grams) 11:03 AM 3:50 PM
plant, and recorded the observations to keep
tabs on the process.

3
TABLE 1:2 MEASURED ENVIRONMENT PLANT 1 B PLANT PLANT 3 B
(SURFACE) 2 B (COMBINED)
Soil (Nursery) 28inch ø
(SOIL)
(Soil Transplant)
178cm x 93cm (14.3 20.4cm 13.4cm DECEASED
grams)
Plant Brassica rapa
(Pechay) (7.15 15.9 cm 14.6cm DECEASED
Fertilizer Commercial grams)
Charcoal, Activated
Charcoal
Time Frame 40 days

Table 2:3 COMMON FERTILIZER

COMMON CHEMICAL 18cm

GROWTH
FERTILIZER
TABLE 2:1 WITH ACTIVATED CHARCOAL WITHOUT FERTILIZER 17cm

PLANT 1 A PLANT PLANT 3 A

(SURFACE) 2A (COMBINED) MEAN AVERAGE OF SOIL TEMPERATURE (in
(SOIL) celcius)
(14.3 14.3cm 12cm DECEASED
(2:00 pm -2:10 pm)
grams)
TABLE 3.1: WITH ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
(7.15 14.8cm 12.5cm DECEASED
PLANT 1A PLANT PLANT 3A
grams)
(SURFACE) 2A (COMBINED)
(SOIL)

TABLE 2:2 WITH COMMERCIAL CHARCOAL

4
 (14.3 41.9 ˚C 42.8 ˚C 44.7 ˚C
grams)
PLANT MASS in (grams)

(7.15 40.9 ˚C 42.1 ˚C 43.2 ˚C TABLE 4.1: WITH ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

grams) PLANT 1A PLANT PLANT 3A

(SURFACE) 2A (COMBINED)
(SOIL)
(14.3 7g 8g DECEASED
grams)
TABLE 3.2: WITH COMMERCIAL CHARCOAL
PLANT 1 B PLANT PLANT 3B (7.15 5.8g 5g DECEASED
(SURFACE) 2B (COMBINED) grams)
(SOIL)
(14.3 40.8 ˚C 41.1 ˚C 43.6 ˚C
grams)

(7.15 40.3 ˚C 40.6 ˚C 41.7 ˚C TABLE 4.2: WITH COMMERCIAL CHARCOAL

grams) PLANT 1 B PLANT PLANT 3B
(SURFACE) 2B (COMBINED)
(SOIL)

TABLE 3.3: COMMON FERTILIZER (14.3 21g 5g DECEASED

grams)
COMMON 39.8 ˚C
CHEMICAL
(7.15 16.3g 9g DECEASED
FERTILIZER
grams)
WITHOUT 39.2 ˚C
FERTILIZER

5
TABLE 4.3: COMMON FERTILIZER

COMMON 14.2g
CHEMICAL
FERTILIZER
WITHOUT 17.8g
FERTILIZER

TABLE 5:1 RESPONDENTS CORRESPONDENSE

Preferred plant Odor Texture Color

Respondent 1 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does not affect The plant has a It does not affect
grams) the scent of the better result with the color of the
plant. charcoal as it plant.
produces thicker
leaves.
Respondent 2 Normal It does not affect The stem of the It does not affect
the scent of the plant grew the color of the
plant. thinner compared plant.
to normal and the
leaves broaden.
Respondent 3 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does not affect The plant became It does not affect
grams) the scent of the more attractive to the color of the
plant. insects due to the plant.
charcoal, thus
making the leaves
tinkered.
Respondent 4 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does not affect The leaves are It does not affect
grams) the scent of the broad and bigger the color of the
plant. in size compared plant.
to others.

6
Respondent 5 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does not affect It does affect the It does not affect
grams) the scent of the texture of the the color of the
plant plant. The leaves plant.
of the plant
should have large
span of leaves.
Respondent 6 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does affect the It does affect the It does not affect
grams) scent of the plant. texture of the the color of the
Charcoal is used plant. The one plant.
in some orchids to with less insect
cleanse the foul marks are better.
odor coming from
it.
Respondent 7 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does not affect It does affect the It does not affect
grams) the scent of the texture of the the color of the
plant. plant. The plant.
thickness of the
leaves are what
matters the most.
It provides long
span of life for the
plant unlike those
who are broader
only.
Respondent 8 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does not affect It does affect the It does not affect
grams) the scent of the texture of the the color of the
plant plant. The one plant.
with the wider
leaves is the one
that produces
quality. The wider
the leaves are the
faster it took to
be harvested.
Respondent 9 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does not affect It does affect the It does not affect
grams) the scent of the texture of the the color of the
plant plant. The stem plant.
should be thin
contrast to its
leaves that should
be thick and wide.
It means the

7
 growth rate of the
plant is faster
than the others.
Respondent 10 Plant 1 B (14.3 It does affect the It does affect the It does not affect
grams) scent of the plant, texture of the the color of the
It acts as a plant. The one plant.
disinfectant to that produces
foul odor just like larger product
how charcoal is means its growth
used to cleanse rate is faster.
the lingering odor
in refrigerators.

TABLE 6.1 Why is charcoal recommended to be used in vegetation?

Respondent 5 The charcoal can be used to absorb certain nutrients that is only essential for
vegetation. It filters the said nutrients and also the water used to rehydrate it
since the available water sources these days are not all guaranteed clean.
Respondent 6 The charcoal is effective as it can be used to cleanse the foul odor around the
plants.
Respondent 7 The charcoal fertilizer is a good example of fertilizer for it allows easier channel
for breathing to the plants .However, if the soil is healthy, there won’t be any
need for fertilizers.
Respondent 8 The crushed charcoal is good for the plants. It filters unnecessary elements that
was not needed by the plant but it is expensive.
Respondent 9 The charcoal is effective just like the rice hulls and ash. It provides warmth to the
plants when there is an absence of the sunlight’s heat
Respondent 10 The charcoal is efficient also just like the other fertilizer. The plants do have
something like familiarization. Example a plant grows more efficiently with
charcoal then the other one grows more efficiently with cows’ dung.

To have greater accuracy of data, same

amount of variables were used for the
DISCUSSION
experimentation but only differs in the

8
substance added. Different amounts of
fertilizers were added to same plant at the
same time.
Comparing the data from the tables, it
is noticeable that the plant with charcoal
fertilizer showed a more desirable outcome
rather than those with activated charcoal and
common charcoals. Considering the 1-3.4cm
difference, this leads to the outcome that
shows that charcoal is the most effective
fertilizer among the other substances in terms
of improving the growth rate for vegetation.
Aside from the amount of substances
added to the composition, the temperature of
the environment, specifically the soil, was
measured to determine whether it would affect
the plant. Comparing tables 2 and 3, it shows
that the plant died and that the temperature
recorded that day was on its highest among the
whole observation period. From this, it can be
inferred that temperature also affects the
vegetation along with the composition of the
soil and the substance.
After a series of observation and
experimentation on the Brassica rapa (pechay)
and the charcoal fertilizers, the following are
the key points of the study:
9
● The charcoal fertilizer has a positive
effect on the vegetation, along with the
other factors such as the temperature,
amount of substance, and the soil
positioning.
● The amount of charcoal fertilizer affects
the growth rate and the life span of the
plant. The substance itself absorbs
carbon dioxide that results to plant
suffocation if too much fertilizer would
be added on the soil that would
increase the temperature that could
eventually lead to the death of the
plant.
● Soil positioning affects the growth of
the vegetation for as the substance
would be added on the surface, the
development of the plant and the
sprout growth increases, compared to
the normal process of growing and
other soil positioning methods used in
the study.
● After comparing the activated charcoal
and charcoal fertilizer, the activated
charcoal induces negative effects to the
growth of the plant. It reduces the size
and thickness of the leaf and stem itself
 and increases the temperature greatly
in comparison to other substances.
● According to experts, the charcoal
fertilizer helps in filtering the soil
content and extracts more nutrients,
the reason why the vegetation is being
improved. Aside from that, it helps in
improving the physical structure of the
plant and produces bigger products.
● As said by experts, the charcoal
fertilizer does not affect the color of the
plant. The color depends on the amount
of sunlight the plant has been exposed
to.
● In accordance to the experts in this
field, the charcoal fertilizer used does
not affect the scent of the plant itself
rather, it acts as an agent to dispel foul
odor around the plant.
Recommendations
1. For future researchers, a larger land
mass may be tried to observe the
outcomes if the plants would be
installed on same parameters,
10
considering the nutrient
distribution.
2. Hydroponic method may be used to
determine whether the charcoal
will be effective in water
vegetation.
3. Other types of charcoal may be
subjected for observations and
experimentations in determining
their effects to vegetation.
4. Other types of plants may be used
to prove the effectiveness of the
charcoal on different types of
vegetation.
5. Researchers may try different
source of nutrients excluding the
Sunlight and try to experiment on night-
time vegetation.
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