ACUTE DERMAL MANIFESTATIONS OF POISONING

SR. NO FEATURES POISON/ DRUGS

1 Dry, hot skin Dhatura, atropine

2 Profuse swelling Organophosphate, arsenic, LSD

3 Cherry pink color CO

4 Brick red color Cyanide

5 Blisters CO, barbiturates, methadone

6 Petechiae and purpuric spots Warfarin

7 Flushing Ergot, theophylline , niacin

CHRONIC DERMAL MANIFESTATIONS OF POISONING

SR. NO FEATURES POISON/ DRUGS

1 Needle marks
2 Acne, brown color
3 Raindrop pigmentation,
hyperkeratosis ,dermatitis
4 Dark pigmentation
5 Erythema nodosum
6 Eczematous dermatitis
Heroin, barbiturates, morphine
Bromide, iodide, phenytoin
Arsenic
Chloroquine, phenytoin, busulfan
Bromide, iodide, penicillin, tetracycline
Chlorinated hydrocarbon
DIAGNOSTIC ODOURS
SR. NO POISON/SUBSTANCE ODOURS
1 Chloroform, ethanol Acetone like (apple like)
2 Chloral hydrate Acrid (pear like)
3 Cyanide Bitter almond
4 CO Coal gas
5 Arsenic,Organophosphate, Garlicky
phosphorus, selenium
6 Camphor, naphalin Moth bolls
7 Aluminium phosphide, Fishy
zinc phosphide
8 H2 S, N-acetylcystrine, Rotten Eggs
carbon disulfide
9 Acetic acid Vinegar
10 Marijuana (cannabis) Burnt rope
11 Nitrobenzene Shoe polish

DRUGS/ POISONS PRODUCING PAPILLARY CHANGES

MEIOSIS MYDRIASIS NYSTAGMUS
Barbiturate Alcohol Alcohol
Benzodiazepine Amphetamine Barbiturate
Caffeine CO Phenytoin
Carbamates Cocaine Carbamazepine
Phenol Cyanide Phencyclidine
Nicotine Dhatura
Opiate Antihistamine
Organophosphate Ephedrine
SR.NO DRUG/ AGENTS ANTIDOTES
1 Paracetamol Acetylcysteine, Methionine
Amyl nitrite, 4- Dimetyl amino
2 Cyanide phenol, Hydroxycobalamin,
Sodium nitrite, Dicobalt edetate
3 Cholinergic agents Atropine
4 Malignant hyperthermia Dantrolene
5 Iron Desferrioxamine
6 Chloroquine Diazepam
7 Arsenic Dimercaprol, DMPS
8 Methanol, ethylene glycol Ethanol, 4- methyl pyrazole
9 Benzodiazepine Flumazenil
10 Insulin Glucose
11 Mercury N acetyl pencillamine, succimer
12 Opiate Naloxon
13 Organophosphate Oximes
14 CO O2(hyperbaric) , tocopherol
15 H2S O2
16 Copper Penicillamine, trientine
17 Heparin Protamine sulfate
18 INH Pyridoxine
19 Ergots Sod. nitroprusside
20 Lead Succimer (DMSA)
21 Peripheral anticholenergics Neostigmine
22 Central anticholenergics Physostigmine
23 Acids Beta aminoproprionitrite
24 Oxalate, fluorides Calcium salts
25 Botulism Guanidine