FOMA NDT SYSTEM

INDUX
X-RAY FILMS

FOMA BOHEMIA spol. s r.o., Jana Krušinky 1604, 501 04 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Tel.: +420 495 733 288, Fax: +420 495 733 376 elongated/worm shrinkage
foma@foma.cz, www.foma.eu hole porosity mark CD4

FOMA 2008
 EXAMPLES OF SELECTED WELD DEFECTS
PICTURES OF THE DEFECTS WERE MADE USING THE INDUX OR FOMADUX FILMS.

root porosity slag inclusions root concavity

elongated/worm hole line slag inclusion excessive root

worm hole porosity in the elongated slag incomplete root

(cluster) porosity longitudinal crack surface unevenness

external undercut transversal crack in the weld lack of side wall

– in the heat area; – in the weld

FOMA NDT SYSTEM – programme for industrial radiography

l a range of radiographic films: INDUX, FOMADUX ROLLFILM, FOMATEST THIO and FOMATEST SC 981 and also chemicals for both manual and automatic processing
of these films
l automatic processors, viewers, densitometers, safelamps and other accessories

EXAMPLES OF SELECTED DEFECTS (ASTM E 446, volume II)

PICTURES OF THE DEFECTS WERE MADE USING THE INDUX OR FOMADUX FILMS.
REFERENCE RADIOGRAPHS FOR STEEL CASTINGS UP TO 2 in (51 mm) IN THICKNESS 1 MV X-RAY TUBE OR IRIDIUM-192.

SAND AND SLAG INCLUSIONS SAND AND SLAG INCLUSIONS SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE
mark B3 mark B4 mark CA3 mark CA4

SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE

mark CB3 mark CB4 mark CC3 mark CC4

SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE HOT TEAR INSERT

mark CD3 mark CD4 mark E mark F

FOMA NDT SYSTEM – programme for industrial radiography

l a range of radiographic films: INDUX, FOMADUX ROLLFILM, FOMATEST THIO and FOMATEST SC 981 and also chemicals for both manual and automatic
processing of these films
l automatic processors, viewers, densitometers, safelamps and other accessories
 The examples E, G and H are characteristic of automatic

automatic processors, viewers, densitometers, safelamps and

a range of radiographic films: INDUX, FOMADUX ROLLFILM,

chemicals for both manual and automatic processing of these

The examples A, B, C, D, E, F and H are characteristic
FOMA BOHEMIA, Czech Republic

FOMA NDT SYSTEM – programme for industrial radiography

Film manipulation with polluted

FOMATEST THIO and FOMATEST SC 981 and also

FOMA BOHEMIA spol. s r.o. (Ltd.) is the producer of photographic materials with a long tradition. The Company

of manual processing of industrial X-ray films.

E
has been established in 1995 by the privatization of the state enterprise FOMA (the enterprise worked under the name
EXAMPLES OF SELECTED PROCESSING ARTEFACTS
Fotochema till the year 1990). The Company has two subsidiary offices in the Slovak Republic and Romania.
The establishment of the Company dates from 1921, when the company with the name FOTOCHEMA was

fingers.
established in Hradec Kralove. The products were manufactured under the trade name FOMA. The Company began
with the production of photographic plates and processing chemicals. The production of black-and-white
photographic papers was started after ten years of the operation of the Company. The production of the black-and-
white roll films was started one year later.
The product assortment was extended by X-ray films, black-and-white films for positive copies, technical black-and-
PICTURES OF THE DEFECTS WERE MADE USING THE INDUX OR FOMADUX FILMS.

Developing without film motion in bath.

white paper, black-and-white reversal films, colour papers and colour negative films from 1949.
Fundamental changes were introduced after 1990 the production of black-and-white photographic materials,
imaging and specialised recording materials for non-destructive testing, health service and other special applications

other accessories
have became the principal programmes of the Company.
D

FOMA Ltd. has introduced the quality system according to ISO 9001 from 1997. This is certified annually by the

processing.
independent audit that proves that all activities of the Company are in compliance with the international standard of
the quality system ISO 9001.

films
The continuously increasing sales prove the ability of the Company to react flexibly and promptly even to non-
traditional orders of customers. FOMA Ltd. exports its products to more than 50 countries all around the world.

l
FOMA'S manufacturing programme
– Black-and-white negative and reversal films, black-and-white photographic papers, colour negative films.

Unconsidered mechanical manipulation

– X-ray medical films, dental X-ray films intra-oral as well as extra-oral / panoramic.
– Technical radiographic films from the INDUX and FOMADUX range.
– Films for personal dosimetry, black-and-white films for aerial photography and cameras for monitoring of
Film washed insufficiently

buildings as well as traffic operations, ECG and tachographic papers, foils for criminological and technical
H
C

applications.

– mechanical pinch.
– dry water drops.

– Processing baths for all types of photographic materials.

– Equipment for health services and non-destructive testing.
– Photographic materials for exposure units, scanners, cameras, contact materials, etc., service and consultancy.
Unconsidered mechanical manipulation
– Electrostatic discharges.

Pressure roller tension.

G
B

Film sheets stucked together

A

Dry water drops.

in the developer.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM

SIMPLE MONITORING DENSITOMETER SD–01

Features
The instrument is designed for measuring optical density of all processed
black-and-white films, typically in quality control of film processing in
industrial (NDT) and medical radiography. Though generally any negative
picture may be used for this purpose, if exposed under standard
conditions, a more convenient way is to evaluate pre-exposed Fomatest
SC 981 strips or to make own sensitometric strips if a sensitometer is at
the disposal. Readings are directed to a computer and readily used for
archiving and/or subsequent data processing.
Technical description
The densitometer does not contain a light source. A measured radiograph
Package contents
or a test strip is placed on a light table (film viewer). The densitometer is
– SD-01 Densitometer complete – incl. a cable
connected to a computer that provides both for power supply and for data
with CANNON DB 9 connector
processing. The device consists of a handy plastic case with a reading
sensor and incorporated microprocessor, with functional and auxiliary – Setup standard strip (transparent, D @ 2.5)
circuits performing signal reading, power supply and data matching and – Basic programme software
processing. Geometry of the sensor element assures for the desired – Operation instructions
perpendicularity between the sensor axis and film plane, as well as for
precise focusing at the measured spot. A single bifunctional push button Special accessories
activates either data transfer to the computer (short depression) or zero – 9/25 pin reduction for connection to 25-pin port
setting (long depression). A beep indicates successful data transfer. – Extension 1.5m cable with CANNON DB 9
connectors
On the computer side, an active programme module provides for proper – Software for quality control of film processing
port setting, densitometer power feed, data reading and processing in a in medical or industrial radiography
way common for classical densitometers – i.e. automatic zero setting,
calibration – slope adjustment and density readings display. Acquired
density values are further used as input data for subsequent calculations
– in programmes for sensitometric curve plotting, sensitometric
parameters evaluation, analysis and diagnostics of processing procedure,
data acquisition and archiving.
The computer used should be a common PC standard device with a free
serial port.
Technical parameters
Range of measured densities 0–4D
Accuracy ± 0,02 (0 – 2,5 D)
±0,04 (2,5 – 4,0 D)
Reading aperture (measured spot diameter) 3 mm
Brightness of a viewer screen (film illuminance) 1000 – 30000 Lx
Zero compensation automatic
Dimensions (without cables) approx. 150x40x22 mm
Weight (without cables) approx. 100 g
Voltage none (power supply through a computer port)
Serial communication COM1 – COM4
Connector needed Cannon DB9 (or DB 25 through 9/25 reduction)
Cable length approx. 1,5 m
Metering cycle (1 reading time) approx. 1 s
Operation system WIN 3.1, WIN 95/98
Disc space requirements (basic software) approx. 650 kB
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM

PP-97480
FILM VIEWER FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY
Characteristics
PP-97480 film viewer is an innovative successor of a good-selling
PP-9748 film viewer. The PP-97480 film viewer is intended for
visual checking of developed radiographs of high densities range,
especially of films for industrial radiography the sizes of which are
100x480 mm and similar ones. The viewed radiographs are laid on
opaque glass screen and they are lit through with an intensive light
source.
Film viewer using size-reduction masks with magnetic holding is
also suitable for films of 60mm width or other small film sizes.
The mains cable and the foot-switch cable are removable for easy
transport. The innovative construction of the light reflector
increases available brightness of the screen. A new shape of air
vents increases the air-cooling and reduces a noise. Also total
weight is reduced.

PP-97480 film viewer consists of a solid steel sheet case with powder-painted surface. In both sides of the viewer case cooling fans
are built in, providing forced cooling of the internal space of viewer. Air intake and air deflectors arrangement inside the viewer case
provide a contra flow cooling of optical elements. Hot air is taken out through the perforation holes in both the case sides. This
arrangement provides a maximum cooling of viewer screen with good impact on the elimination of heat deformation of the viewed
films. The viewer is equipped with a flexible handle for enabling easy carrying.
The light power of the used iodide bulbs is increased by a light reflector, which also decreases the negative impact of thermal
radiation on the viewer case. The light source arrangement in combination with the used opaque glasses provide a low disturbance
of the luminance of the viewing screen and a high brightness level necessary for the viewing of films with high densities. The heat
stress of radiographs is minimized by the dethermal glass filter.
The light source is powered from mains with a triac phase-controlled regulation unit. After switching on the film viewer with a main
switch, a dimmed luminance of the screen is set. After pressing the foot-switch a setting knob on the front panel can be used for
regulating of the screen brightness within the whole range (0-100%). Setting the above mentioned dimmed background luminance
decreases the exhaustion of the operator’s eyes during the manipulating with developed radiographs in dark environment. The
advantages of the foot-switch control are especially decreasing of electricity consumption, and a heat stress of the viewer, and doing
away with a thermal curling of the radiographs.

Technical parameters

Maximum film size 10x48 cm

Voltage requirement 220–240 V/50–60 Hz
Power consumption appr. 1400 W
Used bulbs 10xHPS 150 W/24 V or equivalent
Regulation range 0–100%
Luminance range appr. 0–120 000 lx
Dimensions (w x h xl) 570x200x170 mm
Weight appr. 7.0 kg
Screen size 460x85 mm
Maximum density max. 3.7 D (EN 25580)

Note: Also PP-97240 film viewer, dedicated for 10x24 cm and similar film sizes is available.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

FOMADUX LP-D, FOMA LP-DS, FOMAFIX and FOMAFIX H

FILMS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY LIQUID CHEMICALS FOR AUTOMATIC PROCESSING OF INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILMS
Tradition and present
General
In 1986, FOMA BOHEMIA spol. s r.o. (Ltd. )began the manufacture of new generation films for non-
The liquid concentrate of chemicals are intended for automatic For preparation of working solution of fixing bath into 15
destructive material testing (NDT) of INDUX trade mark. By implementing changes in the production
processing of industrial X-ray films in processing machines litres of water 5 litres of liquid concentrate FOMAFIX (fixer)
formula of the original NDT film, which had been manufactured since the sixties, the manufacture of film in
two speed classes, R4 and R7, began. using 8 – 12 minutes cycle. The processing solutions are and 1 litre of FOMAFIX H (hardener) is sucesively added,
prepared by diluting concentrated chemicals with water, continuously mixing the solution. Using one packing 21
In 1995, a radical modification of the technological process took place. The utilization of controlled preferably distilled or reverse osmotic. The liquid chemistry is litres of hardening fixing bath can be made.
precipitation resulted in uniform cubic crystals (grains) of silver halides with a narrow distribution of sizes. especially suitable for processing of FOMA X-ray INDUX films
The composition of emulsion microcrystals and their narrow size-distribution curve has become as well as for comparable materials of other producers. Processing
prerequisite for high speed and contrast of the film, its high resolving power and low graininess. Recommended development conditions:
The chemicals are labeled as follows:
Simultaneously the processing in the processing chemicals has been speeded up. The controlled FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher temperature developing time processing time
precipitation has become the basic precondition for the stable quality of INDUX line films.
FOMA LP-DS Starter
Originally manufactured films of R4 and R7 speed class were completed by R2, R3, R5 and R8 speed 28°C 2 min. 8 min.
FOMAFIX Fixer and FOMAFIX H Hardener
classes to become an integral line.
Features Recommended replenishment doses are 600 to 800 ml/m2.
FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher provides high image Recommended standard fixing conditions:
1mm
frequency quality with particularly fine grain and well balanced contrast,
1mm size making full use of the film speed. temperature time
b
Its formula quarantees the product long-lasting stability, 28°C 2 min.
a prevents deposits formation even with hard water.
FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer provides high fixing and buffering action, Minimum fixing time = 100 sec.
strong hardening power and long-term stability. Recommended replenishment doses of ready-made
FOMAFIX H Hardener increases hardening power of the fixer, fixing bath (i.c. with hardener) are 1000 to 1200 ml/m2.
a) silver halide microcrystals b) silver halide microcrystals c) comparison of size-distribution resulting in high mechanical resistance of the film and short Replenishment values being for reference, the exact
in the previous emulsion in the new-type emulsion of microcrystals frequency size values are to be determined by trial processing involving
processing time.
the processing machine and film used, the daily
Programme of industrial radiography (FOMA NDT SYSTEM) Packing
processing capacity and processing time.
FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
The FOMA NDT SYSTEM includes complete speed series of INDUX line films for industrial radiography, In case of any need do not hesitate to ask special
liquid concentrate for the final volume of 20 litres:
FOMADUX line processing chemicals for manual and automatic processing, automatic processors and technical help of FOMA service.
Part A - 1 container of 5 litres
additional assortment. The wide range of speed classes makes it possible for the user to find a film suitable
Part B - 1 bottle of 0.25 litre Storage
for practically any type of radiographic work, using X-ray appliances and radionuclides. The chemicals should be stored in the original packing in
Part C - 1 bottle of 0.5 litre
a dry place at temperatures +5 to +25 °C, for a period not
Specification and use of INDUX line films FOMA LP-DS Starter
exceeding 24 months.
1 bottle of 0.5 litre
Thin-walled steel parts/products, light metal A possible crystalline fraction in parts A and C is not a
INDUX R2 Extremely fine-grain, high-contrast, low-speed film with FOMAFIX Fixer and FOMAFIX H Hardener defect, it will dissolve again after heating to 40 °C and
excellent sharpness. Designed for the detection of critical parts/products of usual thickness, plastics and
composite materials in machine, electrical and aircraft Set for 21 l of solution agitation the solution.
small-sized defects industries, etc.
Preparation of working solutions
Extremely fine-grain, high-contrast, a low-speed film with Applications requiring exact resolution in details like The developer solution is made using FOMADUX LP-D
INDUX R3 excellent sharpness suitable for radiography with or without inspection electronical components, ceramical
lead screens. particles, castings, nuclear components, in cosmic Developer-Replenisher and FOMA LP-DS Starter (25 ml of
research, aircraft and shipping industry. starter per 1 litre of developer). As replenisher the solution of
INDUX R4 A very fine-grain, high-contrast, medium-speed film Light metal and and steel castings, aircraft industry, FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher without starter is
designed for the detection of small critical defects. nuclear energetics. used.
INDUX R5 A fine-grain, high-contrast, standard-speed film. A standard Inspection of welds and castings, general For preparation of working solution of replenisher 5 litres of
film for most applications. engineering, ship building industry. liquid concentrate Part A is mixed with 10 litres of water.
A fine-grain, high-contrast, high-speed film for most Inspection of welds and castings, general Continuosly mixing this solution the Part B and Part C is
INDUX R7 standard applications. engineering, building industry. succesively added. After that water is filled up to the final
Inspection of thick-walled castings, building industry, volume of 20 litres. The reservoir with the working solution of
INDUX R8 A medium-grain, high-contrast, very high-speed film,
designed for general use; an additional shortening of inspection of concrete and heavy structures. replenisher must be safely closed by a cover. Using one
exposure times can be reached in combination with packing 20 litres of replenisher can be made.
fluorometallic screens.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

FOMADUX LP-T, FOMADUX FIX and FOTONAL

LIQUID CHEMICALS FOR MANUAL PROCESSING OF INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILMS Image quality and classification of film system
NDT films suitable for a specific type of application/work are subdivided by the EN 584-1 Standard
General according to minimally guaranteed parameters into six groups, denominated C1 to C6. To include a film
The liquid concentrate of chemicals intended for manual As replenisher the concentrate FOMADUX LP-T diluted into a group, four parameters specifying ability of the film to differenciate details in the radiograph are
processing of industrial X-ray films. The liquid chemicals are with water at 1+2(3) is used. relevant:
especially suitable for processing of FOMA industrial X-ray Recommended replenishment for industrial X-ray films is - local gradient at optical density Dmin +2
films INDUX as well as for equivalent materials of other 800 ml/m2. Optimum replenishment conditions are - local gradient at optical density Dmin +4
producers. dependent on the way of processing, size of processing - film granularity at optical density Dmin +2
The chemicals are labeled as follows: tank, the daily processing capacity etc.
FOMADUX FIX concentrate is intended for preparation of - system parameter G/s, which is defined as the ratio of gradient and granularity at optical density Dmin +2,
FOMADUX LP-T Developer and represents the useful-to-disturbing ratio.
FOMADUX FIX Rapid Fixer 20 –25 litres of fixing bath.
Features Recommended standard fixing conditions: Requirements of the EN 584-1 Standard on a radiographic film system
FOMADUX LP-T Developer temperature time
is one-compound concentrate for manual processing of Class according G Dmin.+2 G Dmin.+4 s G/s
industrial X-ray films. The developer provides high image 28°C 3 min. to EN 584-1
quality with particularly fine grain and well balanced contrast, C1 ł 4,5 ł 7,5 Ł 0,018 ł 300
making full use of the film speed. Its formula quarantees the Minimum fixing time = 2 min. C3 ł 4,1 ł 6,8 Ł 0,023 ł 180
product long-lasting stability, prevents deposits formation even For replenishment the same basic bath is used.
C4 ł 4,1 ł 6,8 Ł 0,028 ł 150
with hard water. Recommended replenishment is 1000–1200 ml/m2,
C5 ł 3,8 ł 6,4 Ł 0,032 ł 120
FOMADUX FIX Rapid Fixer necessary to set with more precision by trial processing.
C6 ł 3,5 ł 5,0 Ł 0,039 ł 100
is a concentrate of fixing bath on basis of ammonia thiosulphate Apply Fotonal wetting agent into the last water scouring
providing high fixing and buffering action, strong hardening bath before drying.
power and long-term stability. Solution is prepared by adding 10–20 ml of the
Guaranteed parameters of INDUX line films according to EN 584-1 and other corresponding
Wetting agent FOTONAL concentrate into 1 litre of water.
Standards
FOTONAL is a liquid concentrate containing surface-active In case of any need do not hesitate to ask special
substances and additives which ensure uniform dewatering of technical help of FOMA service. Film type
INDUX R2 INDUX R3 INDUX R4 INDUX R5 INDUX R7 INDUX R8
the film surface, acceleration of drying and elimination of spot Storage Characteristic
occurrence. The chemicals should be stored in the original packing in
Packing a dry place at temperatures 5 to 25 °C. EN 584-1class C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
FOMADUX LP-T Developer concentrate A possible crystalline fraction is not a defect, it will ASTM E1815 class special I. I. I. II. III.
1 container of 5 litres dissolve again after heating to 40 °C and agitation the
FOMADUX FIX Rapid Fixer solution.
1 container of 5 litres Expiration time is 24 months from the date of production.
Applicability time for one processing solution setting Characteristics curves of INDUX line films
FOTONAL Wetting agent
when regularly replenished is 4 – 8 weeks. Exposure parameters
3.5
1 bottle of 250 ml INDUX R2
X-rays 200 kV
Preparation of processing baths INDUXR3
Cu 8 mm INDUX R4
3.0
FOMADUX LP-T Developer is diluted with water at 1+3 (to
Pb screens 0,025 mm INDUX R5
1+4), from one 5 litre packing 20 to 25 litres of processing INDUX R7
solution can be made. The processing tank should be closed Processing parameters 2.5
INDUX R8
with cover. FOMADUX LP-D developer
developer immersion time 2 minutes at 28°C 2.0
VSF 350 Processors
temperature time
1.5
20°C 5 min.
1.0

Optical density
0.5

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

Log relative exposure
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

Film composition FOMASTEP 30

INDUX line films are manufactured by coating of a light-sensitive ETALON OF OPTICAL DENSITIES WITH THE PROTOCOL OF CALIBRATION
silver bromo-iodide emulsion on both sides of a bluish polyester
base 0,175 mm thick. The emulsion layers are protected against Characteristics of the product
mechanical impacts by effective protective gelatine layers protective layer FOMASTEP 30 is etalon of optical densities for calibration of densitometers, intended for evaluating of processed NDT x-ray films.
featuring anti-static properties. The sensitivity of film to visible light emulsion layer There are 16 fields of 10x15mm size with graduated optical densities on the etalon, which fully cover
is reduced by means of a desensitization dye being added to the polyester base the range of optical densities D = 0 ~ 4,2.
emulsion layers.

Relation between the speed of INDUX

Optimum image quality line films and the radiograph
In general, there is applicable to photographic materials that the quality achieved FOMASTEP 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
R2
lower is the film speed, the lower is granularity, and the higher is Speed
resolving power. The same app lies to films for industrial R3 lower higher
Calibration and protocol of calibration
radiography. Therefore, the correct choice of film is important in R4 The parts of the etalon are practically measured data of optical density, which have been measured with the calibrated
view of exposure time, size of the inspected part , and required densitometer of proved connection to state etalon ČMI. These data are mentioned in the attached protocol

higher
Images quality
R5
resolution of defects presented. of calibration, which confirms the connection of calibrating measuring instrument, the practically measured data and
R7 measurement uncertainty.

lower
R8
Application
Packaging forms INDUX line films are manufactured
FOMASTEP 30 is being used for checking and calibration of working measuring instruments operating densitometers.
in the following packaging forms:
• Daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) – a single-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging with lead screens 0,025 mm Packaging form
thick, sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x 48, 10x10, 10x12, 10x16, 10x20, 10x24, FOMASTEP 30 is made out from polyester base and exposed using the light method. Etalon is in covering envelope from
10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm in a box of 50 sheets; format 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. The polyester and together with relevant protocol of calibration is inserted in labelled envelope (name of the producer, product name,
FOMAPAK vacuum-sealed packaging ensures optimum contact of film surface with lead screens, simple and date of production).
handling, being light-tight, air-tight and waterproof. Storage
• Darkroom packaging (KB) – sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in a box Both opened and unopened product must be stored in a dry and air place at the temperature of 5 to 20°C and at a relative humidity
of 100 sheets; sizes: 10x20, 18 x 24, 24 x 30, 30 x 40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in a box of 50 of 30 to 50 %.
sheets. Other sizes are subject to an agreement with the manufacturer. Warranty
• FOMADUX ROLLFILM – a daylight roll film packaging sized 70 mm x 90 m or 100 mm x 90 m with lead Recommended time for recalibration of etalon is determined to 6 months from the date of measurement, stated
screens 0,025 mm thick or without lead screens (DW) and bare rollfilm (BLR), wound on a paper core in protocol. Maximal usable life of etalon is 12 month from the date of measurement.
and packed in a cardboard dispenser box.
• Packaging forms with lead screens are suitable for use with voltages above 100 kV.
• Packaging forms without lead screens are suitable for use with voltages below 100 kV.
Sensitivity to safelight illumination
General sensitivity to visible light has been reduced in INDUX line films by adding a filter dye into the
emulsion layers. The reduction of sensitivity to visible light does not influence the sensitivity to ionizing
radiation. Therefore the INDUX line films may be processed under brighter safelight illumination in
darkroom. The danger of unwanted film fog is lower and the operator´s fatigue is limited. The INDUX line
films can be processed under indirect safelighting with a wavelength higher than 590 nm, as rendered by a
dark-red or olive-green safelight filter. A diode illumination with a wavelength over 590 nm is a convenient
alternative. It is advisable to test real working conditions in advance.
Processing chemicals
INDUX line films are designed for both manual and automatic processing using FOMADUX line chemicals
supplied as liquid concentrates. For manual processing and automatic processing/replenishment
FOMADUX LP-T Developer and FOMADUX LP-D Developer/Replenisher should be used respectively.
FOMAFIX is a concentrated rapid fixer to which FOMAFIX H hardener should be added for automatic
processing.The processing stability as rendered by EN 584-2 may be checked and dokumented by means
of preexposed FOMATEST SC 981 tests. The tests enable to discover any deviation in processing quality
against standard conditions, to decide in time whether chemicals should be changed and improve the
economy of film processing procedure.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

FOMATEST THIO
THE KIT FOR CHECKING STABILITY OF PROCESSED X-RAY FILMS Stability of the processed radiographs
The stability of processed radiographs depends on perfect fixing and washing of film. On following
Rating of the product prescribed processing conditions, a minimum archiving time of 10 years is quaranteed. To ensure even a
FOMATEST THIO is a kit for a simple check of stability of processed X-ray films INDUX in terms of their ability to be archived. By longer archiving time, it is recommended to check the processing using the FOMATEST THIO test kit.
means of the test kit inadequate fixing and washing processing of the film, whick makes the stability of the exposed image and the Correctly processed films have a theoretical life expectancy of up to 500 years.
service life of the film shorter may be determined immediately.
Storage
The FOMATEST THIO kit is supplied in a box containing a small bottle with 30 ml of FOMATEST THIO, a dropper, an etalon strip,
Unexposed INDUX line films should be stored in original intact light-tight packagings, in a dry
application instructions, and a package of paper filters.
environment, out of reach of aggressive vapours and gases, at the lowest temperature possible. An ideal
Testing storage temperature should be between 5 to 21 oC and relative humidity from 40 to 60%. Long time
Selection of the test area storage at higher temperatures accelerates unwanted physical and chemical changes in the emulsion
The test is done on a completely processed and dry radiogram, where an absolutely clear and unexposed spot of about 1 square layers. Films should be stored out of reach of ionizing radiation with an intensity exceeding 100 nGy per
cm is selected (which is not part of the image, because the chemicals leave yellowish coloration). If there is no such spot on the hour.
film, the test may be performed on an unexposed film that was processed under identical conditions as the tested radiogram. Films stored in a refrigerator and a freezer should be acclimatized to room temperature for approx. 2 and
The basic test approx. 6 hours respectively.
The dropper is held about 1 to 2 cm above the tested zone of the film and one drop of FOMATEST THIO is released without the Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
dropper touching the surface. The chemical reacts within 2 minutes plus minus 15 sec. Using a small piece of the filter paper the Services, consultancy, additional assortment
drop is absorbed carefully, again without touching the tested area of the film at all. The remaining fluid is removed by pressing FOMA BOHEMIA spol. s r.o. (Ltd.) provides for a wide range of technical assistance concerning methods
finger lightly on the filter paper. The emulsion must not be damaged by the filter paper. The tested zone is dried by airflow. The of applying and correctly processing of INDUX line NDT films.The manufacturer also offers additional
described procedure is repeated on the reverse side of the film on the same place. assortment for the NDT sphere, such as gauges, film viewers, darkroom safelightning, densitometers, and
Test evaluation the like.
The film must be protected against the effects of direct sunlight or other intense light sources. The film must be evaluated as soon Quality assurance programme
as possible, not later than 30 minutes after the test. Delay in evaluation may result in incorrect evaluation, because the yellow spot The INDUX line films have been subject to continuous improvements. The objective quality checking is
on the tested area darkens gradually. The tested area is placed over a standard white background and compared visually with the quaranteed by an automatic laser checking and grouping inspection equipment. Film speed parameters
enclosed etalon strip positioned next to the test spot. The etalon colour that is closest to the colour of the spot identifies the are tested by a special X-ray equipment and evaluated by an automatic apparatus.
expected life of the radiograph.
Colour grades of the etalon correspond to values in the following table:
Color grade Content of thio-sulphate (S2O3)2total Archivability in years
– on both sides of the film (g/m2) Life expectancy (LE)1/
1. darkest more than 0.35 not capable of being archived, find and correct
error,requires additional processing2/

2. dark max. 0.20 up to 10 years, average archivability LE = 10

3. light max. 0.10 up to 100 years, long-term archivability, LE = 100

4. lightest max. 0.04 permanent, archivability film, LE = 500

1/ LE according to ISO 10602, for permanent archives LE is 500 years

2/ If the color of the test spot is more saturated than the darkest grade of the etalon, the quality of the fixer (pH and silver content) and the rinse water (amount of through-flow)
must be checked and corrected for the application. Thereafter, the film must be fixed again in the fresh solution and rinsed again in running water. Older processed films may
be fixed and rinsed again. For automatic processing the films may be placed in the fixing cell and drawn through the fixer and rinse, and dried. In manual processing the films
are fixed for 2 minutes in a fresh fixer and rinsed for 10 to 15 minutes in running water. Finally, the FOMATEST THIO test is repeated.

Storage
The solution must be stored in a dry and cool, preferably dark place. The bottle must be closed tight after use. The color chips
should be protected against contact with chemical solutions (alcohol, acetone, ethers, etc.).
Safety precautions
Avoid contact of FOMATEST THIO solution with the skin, clothing, and photographic materials. Should the skin or eyes come into
contact with FOMATEST THIO, the affected spot should be rinsed with clear water immediately. The solution stains and the spots
are difficult to remove.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

INDUX R2 FOMATEST SC 981

INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
Features
General information Exposure charts for steel FOMATEST SC 981 is a pre-exposed test film strip designed for
INDUX R2 is an industrial radiographic film intended for non-destructive For optical density D=2, front and back lead monitoring the quality of processing of INDUX radiographic 2. Control and diagnostics of processing .
material testing using X- or gamma radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T films, in accordance with the requirements for
FOMATEST SC 981 test strips are processed in
INDUX R2 is a low-speed, high-contrast, extremely fine-grain film with Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). classified film systems to EN 584-2 standard. It helps to
regular intervals in a given processing system.
excellent sharpness suitable for radiography with or without lead monitor and optimize the processing system, to indicate the
X-rays (FDD = 100 cm) Values of minimum density, speed index and
screens. proper time for baths exchange or processor adjustment.
kV 100 140 180 220 260 300
gradient index are evaluated from the test strip by
INDUX R2 corresponds with the class C1 classification according to 100

Packaging means of a densitometer. As reference data, the test

EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class

special.
Applications
INDUX R2 is suitable for applications where extraordinary demands on
the quality of radiographs are made, e.g. for the detection of critical
small-sized defects in thin-walled steel parts/products, for the
radiography of light metal parts/products of usual thickness, plastics and
composite materials in machine, electrical and aircraft industries, etc.
For the radiography of thick-walled parts/products, exposures should be
prolonged accordingly.
Packaging forms
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness
mA.min
Boxes of 25 sheets of daylight packaging: test strips are results are used that were measured and recorded at
exposed on INDUX R5 or INDUX R7 film, size 6 x 24cm, and the beginning of the whole series, usually in fresh
supplied as one-sheet, vacuum – sealed, lead screen containing processing solutions. During regular monitoring of
FOMAPAK packages. the process, the measured test strip speed and
10
contrast index should not exceed the tolerable
Test film exposure
deviations from the reference data. In a chart,
To make a FOMATEST SC 981 test strips, a control pattern
monitored values are plotted against time. If all
is X-ray exposed at Indux R5 or Indux R7 film. The test
parameters are within the tolerated limits, the
pattern consists of 10 fields with stepwise increasing
process is considered satisfactory. More detailed
exposure, completed by an area for minimum density
1
10 20 30 40 50 instructions for use are attached.
mm Fe reading and a space for sample identification data.
Gamma rays (Iridium 192) Darkroom illumination
Dx Dx+4
1000 SC 981 test strips are handled and processed in the

GBq.h
m

Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12, F
SD
2
=1 m
0c
c FOMA
same way as other films of INDUX series, i.e. under
Ci.h

10 10000
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm 80
cm EN 584-2 indirect safelighting with a wavelength over 520 nm.
in boxes of 50 sheets. 100
60
cm
4000 Agfa R1safelight filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 (olive
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 40
cm 2000 4 fields
field No X+4
green) should be used with 25W bulb or LED
The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of 1000
sources (590 or 660 nm), at a minimum distance of
field for reading minimal field with density
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air- 20
cm
density of about D=2 (field No X)
75 cm.
Processing
400
10
tight and waterproof.
Application
200
darkroom packaging (KB) Test strips are designed for monitoring and control of
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in
100
1. Proof of standard processing according to EN 584-2 any process used by a customer. Processing
boxes of 100 sheets. 1
Classification of a film system into C1–C6 classes according parameters are those commonly used by a
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) mm Fe
to EN 584-2 anticipates a standard processing quality. If a customer, usually as recommended by the
in boxes of 50 sheets. Gamma rays (Cobalt 60) proof should be presented to a customer that a given film processing baths manufacturer. Processing based
Other sizes are subject to be agreed with the manufacturer. 1000
series has been classified correctly according to EN 584-1 by on other than FOMADUX baths may be also
GBq.h

Film base 12 0
cm
an NDT workstation, it is necessary to check the processing monitored by SC 981 test strips.
cm
Ci.h

INDUX R2 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester

10 0
80
cm 10000
quality by Fomatest SC 981 before and after the series. This Storage
base of 0,175 mm thickness. 100
60
cm
4000 test allows for measuring and evaluation of minimum density Unprocessed tests should be stored in the original
Screens 40
cm
2000 Dmin, speed index Sx and contrast index Cx. If these packaging at the temperature not exceeding 20 °C,
Screens-packed kinds (FOMAPAK) content lead screens 0,025 mm 1000
sensitometric characteristics before and after processing of out of reach of harmful fumes and ionizing radiation.
thick, backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film 20
cm
the series keep within the tolerated limits, the whole series is Life time of unprocessed tests is 6 months.
400
sides. 10 considered as satisfactory. The procedure of proofing is
Darkroom illumination
200
specified by EN 584-2 .
100
INDUX R2 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
safelight filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a mm Fe

safelight lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum

75 cm between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources
with a wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm.

FOMADUX NDT ROLLFILM
TECHNICAL RADIOGRAPHIC FILMS
FOMADUX NDT ROLLFILM is a special confectioning form of
technical radiographic film with designed for non-destructive
material testing with use of X- or gamma radiation. The special
form of the packaging ensures the film´s resistance to light,
humidity and greasy impurities.
The film is placed between two lead screens (thickness 0,025
mm) of the same dimensions; the screens are in perfect contact
with the film; the film is packed in a light- and moisture-proof
package using the “edge to edge” system.
Usage
This kind of film is ideal solution for testing of long welds, e.g.
welds of pipelines, pressure vessels or large parts in the
aerospace industry, as the length can be chosen so that all the
radiogram can be exposed to a single piece of film.
Packed film is wound onto a cardboard core and inserted in a
transport box from which required length can be simply wound
out. There is a print in the package axis on the side with folded
edges; the print helps determine the film center and the film
length. Contact of the film with a wet or impure object has no
effect on the quality of the final radiograph.
How to remove the film from the package before processing: In
a dark room hold the non-printed part of the package together
with lead screen and the film with one hand and strip off the
printed part of the package and the second lead screen with the
other hand. Thus the film will be easily and quickly removed
from the package.
Advantages of the rollfilm
The full length of the weld can be radiographed onto a single
piece of film, i.e. we avoid using several film sheets for one
weld. Required film length is determined according to the weld
length. Further advantages:
– Using without cassettes
– Lightproof package is resistant to humidity and greasy
impurities
– By single usage films we avoid faults caused by their
repeated usage
– Perfect contact between the film, lead screens and checked
object ensures optimal quality of the image
– The “edge to edge” packing system allows optimal use of the
film surface where there is not sufficient space for placing the
film
Processing
FOMADUX is intended both for the manual and automatic
processing.
Processing technology
Long films must be processed carefully. Generally it is possible
to split the film after marking it and then to process it in the
ordinary way or to fully exploit the advantages of the ROLLFILM
package and to process it in full length.
FOMA NDT SYSTEM
a) When machine processing it is necessary to ensure precise
leading (by a suitable jig) of the film into the axis of the
developing machine.
b) In manual processing of ROLLFILM, prior to processing it is
necessary to wind the film into a special wire coil that
facilitates contact of the film with baths. It is also possible to
split the film and to process it in parts in ordinary frames used
for cell processing.
Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
(5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer.
Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:
FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
(2 minutes of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
FOMADUX NDT ROLLFILM can also be processed in
optical density
corresponding processing chemicals of other manufacturers,
for example developer Agfa G135 for automatic processing
2 minutes of developer immersion time at 28 °C or for manual
processing 5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C.
Archiving of processed films
The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of mi-
nimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
– films must be perfectly fixed and washed
– films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of
reach of harmful gases.
Storage of unexposed films
Unexposed films should be stored in the original packaging in a
cool, dry place (temperature ranging from 5 to 21 °C, relative
humidity from 40 to 60 %), out of reach of harmful vapours,
gases and ionizing radiations. Films stored in a refrigerator and
a freezer should be acclimatized to room temperature for
approx. 2 and approx. 6 hours respectively.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
Packaging
Rollfilm with Pb
– lightproof, humidity and greasy resistant
– sandwiched between two lead screens (thickness 0,025 mm)
– width 70 mm or 100 mm in length up to 90 m.
Rollfilm DW
– lightproof, humidity and greasy resistant without lead screens
– especially intended for works using low to very low radiation
(<100 kV)
– width 70 mm or 100 mm in length up to 90 m.
Rollfilm BLR
– bare rollfilm
– intended for using in cassettes
FOMA NDT SYSTEM
Processing
INDUX R2 is intended both for the manual and automatic
processing.
Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
(5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:
FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
(120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
INDUX R2 can also be processed in corresponding processing
chemicals of other manufacturers.
Sensitometric characteristic
Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
developer immersion time)
4
3
2
1
1 2 3
log. rel. exposure
Archiving of processed films
The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
– films must be perfectly fixed and washed
– films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
of harmful gases.
Storage of unexposed films
Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

INDUX R3
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General information Exposure charts for steel Processing
INDUX R3 is an industrial radiographic film intended for non-destructive For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R8 is intended both for the manual and automatic
material testing using X- or gamma radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
INDUX R3 is a low-speed, high-contrast, extremely fine-grain film with Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
excellent sharpness suitable for radiography with or without lead FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
screens. X-rays (FDD = 100 cm) (5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
kV 100 140 180 220 260
INDUX R3 corresponds with the class C2 classification according to 100 FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class I. Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:

mA.min
300

Applications FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher

INDUX R3 is suitable for applications requiring exact resolution in (120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
details like inspection electronical components, ceramical particles, FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
castings, nuclear components, in cosmic research, aircraft and shipping 10 FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
industry. INDUX R8 can also be processed in corresponding processing
Packaging forms chemicals of other manufacturers.
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging Sensitometric characteristic
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12, 1
10 20 30 40 50 developer immersion time)
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm mm Fe

optical density
4
in boxes of 50 sheets. Gamma rays (Iridium 192)
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 1000

GBq.h
The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of
Ci.h

cm 10000
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air- =1
20
SFD 00 c
=1
m

tight and waterproof. SFD

4000
3
100 0 cm
=8
SFD
darkroom packaging (KB) =6
0c
m 2000

Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in SFD

= 40
cm 1000
SFD
boxes of 100 sheets.
400
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) 10
SFD
=2
0c
m 2
in boxes of 50 sheets. 200

Other sizes are subject to be agreed with the manufacturer. 100

Film base 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
INDUX R3 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester mm Fe
1

base of 0,175 mm thickness. Gamma rays (Cobalt 60)

Screens 1000
GBq.h

Screens-packed kinds (FOMAPAK) content lead screens 0,025 mm

Ci.h

thick, backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film cm

10000
1 2 3
20
sides. SFD
=1
00
cm 4000
log. rel. exposure
100 =1 cm
Darkroom illumination SFD 80
SFD
=
m
2000 Archiving of processed films
0c
INDUX R3 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight SFD
=6
1000
The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
m
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are SFD
=4
0c
minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
400
safelight filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a 10 – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
safelight lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum SFD
=2
0c
m 200
– films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
75 cm between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources 100 of harmful gases.
with a wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm. 1 Storage of unexposed films
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
mm Fe
140
Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

INDUX R8
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General informationINDUX R8 is an industrial radiographic film intended Exposure charts for steel Processing
for non-destructive material testing using X- or gamma radiation. For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R3 is intended both for the manual and automatic
INDUX R8 is a very high-speed, high-contrast, medium-grain film suitable screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
for radiography with or without lead screens. Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
INDUX R8 corresponds with the class C6 classification according to FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class III. X-rays (FDD = 100 cm)
kV 100 140 180
(5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
Applications 100
220 FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
INDUX R8 should be used for applications where the high film speed is an Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:

mA.min
advantage, e.g. in the radiography of thick-walled parts/products and FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
materials, engineering structures, etc. or when exposure times should be 260 (120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
minimized. The usage of film in combination with fluorometalic screens FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
results in further shortening of exposure times. 10
300 FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
Packaging forms INDUX R3 can also be processed in corresponding processing
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging chemicals of other manufacturers.
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness Sensitometric characteristic
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12, Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
1 Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm 10 20 30 40
mm Fe
50
developer immersion time)
in boxes of 50 sheets. Gamma rays (Iridium 192) 4

optical density
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 1000

The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of

GBq.h
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air-tight
Ci.h

10000

and waterproof. 4000

100 3
darkroom packaging (KB) D=
102
cm

SF 00 cm 2000
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in 1
80
cm
1000
boxes of 100 sheets. 60
cm

Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in 10
40
cm
400

boxes of 50 sheets. 200

2

Other sizes are subject to be agreed with the manufacturer. 2 0c

m 100

Film base
1
INDUX R8 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
mm Fe
90

base of 0,175 mm thickness. 1

Screens Gamma rays (Cobalt 60)

1000
Screens-packed kinds (FOMAPAK) content lead screens 0,025 mm thick,
GBq.h

backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film sides.

Ci.h

10000

Darkroom illumination 1 2 3
4000
INDUX R8 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight 100 log. rel. exposure
m
0c
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are safelight 12 2000

100
cm Archiving of processed films
filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a safelight cm
1000
80
The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum 75 cm 60
cm
10
400
minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources with a 40
cm
200 – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm.
100 – films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
1
20
c m
of harmful gases.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
mm Fe
140
Storage of unexposed films
Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

INDUX R4
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General information Exposure charts for steel Processing
INDUX R4 is an industrial radiographic film intended for non-destructive For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R7 is intended both for the manual and automatic
material testing using X- or gamma radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
INDUX R4 is a medium-speed, high-contrast, extremely fine-grain film Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
suitable for radiography with or without lead screens. It is an ideal film for FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
most standard applications. X-rays (FDD = 100 cm) (5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
kV 100 140 180 220
INDUX R4 corresponds with the class C3 classification according to 100
260
FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class I. Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:

mA.min
Applications 300 FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
INDUX R4 should be used at low voltages for the radiography of thin-to- (120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
medium thick-walled light metal parts/ products. At higher voltages the FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
film is suitable for the testing of thick-walled light metal or thin-walled 10 FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
steel parts/products. With high-energy gamma rays the film is suitable for INDUX R7 can also be processed in corresponding processing
the radiography of thick-walled dense metal parts/products. chemicals of other manufacturers.
Packaging forms Sensitometric characteristic
Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
1
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness 10 20 30 40
mm Fe
50 developer immersion time)
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12,

optical density
4
Gamma rays (Iridium 192)
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm in boxes 1000
of 50 sheets. m
0c
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 12
Ci.h

D= 10000
SF m
0c
10
The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of 80
c m
3
4000
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air-tight 100
60
cm

and waterproof. 40
cm
2000

darkroom packaging (KB) 1000

Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in 20
cm 400
10 2
boxes of 100 sheets. 200
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in 100
boxes of 50 sheets.
Rollfilm packaging 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1
– rollfilm with lead screen mm Fe

– rollfilm without lead screen (DW) Gamma rays (Cobalt 60)

– bare rollfilm (BLR) 1000

for more details see the technical data sheet of ROLLFILM

Ci.h

10000
Other sizes are subject to be agreed with the manufacturer. 120
cm
1 2 3
cm

Film base 100

100

cm
4000 log. rel. exposure
80
INDUX R4 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester 60
cm 2000
Archiving of processed films
base of 0,175 mm thickness. cm
1000 The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
40

Screens 10
400
minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
Screens-packed kinds (FOMAPAK) content lead screens 0,025 mm cm 200
– films must be perfectly fixed and washed
20
thick, backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film – films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
100
sides. of harmful gases.
Darkroom illumination 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Storage of unexposed films
mm Fe
INDUX R4 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are safelight original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a safelight of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum 75 cm harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources with a Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

INDUX R7
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General informationINDUX R7 is an industrial radiographic film Exposure charts for steel Processing
intended for non-destructive material testing using X- or gamma For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R4 is intended both for the manual and automatic
radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
INDUX R7 is a high-speed, high-contrast, fine-grain film suitable for Developer 5 minutes at 20 oC). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
radiography with or without lead screens. FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
INDUX R7 corresponds with the class C5 classification according to X-rays (FDD = 100 cm) (5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
kV 100 140 180 220
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class II. 100
FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
Applications Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:

mA.min
INDUX R7 should be used at low voltages for the radiography of medium- 260 FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
walled light metal or thin-walled steel parts/products. At higher voltages (120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
the film is suitable for the testing of thick-walled light metal or medium-
300 FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
walled steel parts/products. With high-energy gamma rays the film is
10
FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
suitable for the radiography of thicker-to-thickest dense metal INDUX R4 can also be processed in corresponding processing
parts/products. chemicals of other manufacturers.
Packaging forms Sensitometric characteristic
Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging 1 Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
10 20 30 40 50
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness mm Fe developer immersion time)
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12, Gamma rays (Iridium 192)

optical density
4
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm in boxes 1000

GBq.h
of 50 sheets.
Ci.h

Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 10000

The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of 100 D=

12
0c
m
4000
SF m
3
0c
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air-tight 10
80
cm 2000

and waterproof. 60
cm
1000
darkroom packaging (KB) 40
cm
400
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in 10

boxes of 100 sheets. 20

c m
200 2
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in 100

boxes of 50 sheets. 1

Rollfilm packaging 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
mm Fe
90

– rollfilm with lead screen 1

– rollfilm without lead screen (DW) Gamma rays (Cobalt 60)
1000
– bare rollfilm (BLR)
GBq.h

for more details see the technical data sheet of ROLLFILM

Ci.h

10000

Other sizes are subject to be agreed with the manufacturer. 4000

100 1 2 3
Film base 102
cm
2000
log. rel. exposure
INDUX R7 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester 100
cm

Archiving of processed films

cm
1000
base of 0,175 mm thickness. 80

cm

Screens 10
60 400 The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
Screens-packed kinds (FOMAPAK) content lead screens 0,025 mm thick, 40
cm
200 minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film sides. 100 – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
cm
20
– films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
Darkroom illumination 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 of harmful gases.
INDUX R7 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight mm Fe

illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are safelight Storage of unexposed films
filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a safelight Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum 75 cm original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources with a of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm. harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
 FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM

INDUX R5
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General information Exposure charts for steel Processing
INDUX R5 is an industrial radiographic film intended for non-destructive For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R5 is intended both for the manual and automatic
material testing using X- or gamma radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
INDUX R5 is a standard-speed, high-contrast, very fine-grain film Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
suitable for radiography with or without lead screens. It is an ideal film for FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
most standard applications. X-rays
kV
(FDD
100
= 100
140
cm) 180 220 (5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
100
INDUX R5 corresponds with the class C4 classification according to FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class I. Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:

mA.min
260

Applications FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher

INDUX R5 is suitable for the radiography of welds and medium-walled 300 (120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
steel or thick-walled light metal parts/ products. FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
Packaging forms
10
FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging INDUX R5 can also be processed in corresponding processing
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness chemicals of other manufacturers.
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12, Sensitometric characteristic
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm in boxes Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
of 50 sheets. 1 Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
10 20 30 40 50
mm Fe developer immersion time)
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets.

optical density
4
The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of Gamma rays (Iridium 192)
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air-tight 1000

GBq.h
and waterproof.
Ci.h

10000
darkroom packaging (KB) 0c
m
12
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in 100
D=
SF 0 c
1
m 4000
3
boxes of 100 sheets. cm
2000

60 cm
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in c m
80 1000

40
boxes of 50 sheets. 10
400

Rollfilm packaging 20
cm 200
2
– rollfilm with lead screen 100

– rollfilm without lead screen (DW) 1

– bare rollfilm (BLR) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
mm Fe
90

for more details see the technical data sheet of ROLLFILM

1
Other sizes are subject to be agreed with the manufacturer. Gamma rays (Cobalt 60)
1000
Film base
GBq.h

INDUX R5 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester

Ci.h

10000

base of 0,175 mm thickness.

4000
Screens
100 cm
1 20 1 2 3
cm
100 2000 log. rel. exposure
Screens-packed kinds (FOMAPAK) content lead screens 0,025 mm 80
cm

1000
thick, backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film Archiving of processed films
cm
60

sides. 10 4 0c
m 400
The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
Darkroom illumination 200 minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
INDUX R5 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight 20
cm 100 – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are safelight 1
– films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a safelight 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
mm Fe
140
of harmful gases.
lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum 75 cm Storage of unexposed films
between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources with a Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm. original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.