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Código 100408A_612
Administración de empresas.
Cead - Florencia
pasos:
- Nombrar cada uno de los vectores y encontrar la magnitud y dirección de los mismos.
- Encontrar el área del paralelogramo formado por los vectores representados, con
teoría vectorial.
- Comprobar y/o graficar los ítems anteriores, según corresponda, en Geogebra, Matlab,
R/ ⃗𝑼
⃗ =(3,5) ⃗𝑽
⃗ : (-4,1)
MAGNITUD
⃗⃗ = (3,5)
𝑼
𝟓
𝛉 = 𝐓𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟑) = 59.04 °
⃗⃗ = (-4,1)
𝑽
U * V = 3(-4) + 5(1) = -7
−𝟏
𝜃 = 𝐂𝐨𝐬 (-0.2912) = 106.9298°
SUMA DE VECTORES
U + V = ( (3+(-4) , ( 5 + 1) ) = (-1 , 6)
MAGNITUD
⃗𝑺: (-1,6)
DIRECCION
⃗ = (-1,6)
𝑺
𝟔
𝛉 = 𝐓𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (−𝟏) = -80.53°
AREA DEL PARALELOGRAMO
A= (3, 5) B= (-4, 1)
C= A B
3 -4 = 4 – ( - 20 ) = 4 + 20 = 24
5 1
⃗ l = √(24)2
l𝑪
⃗ l = √576
l𝑪
⃗ l = 24
l𝑪
𝐶= 𝑎 × 𝑏 = |𝑎 | |𝑏 | sin 𝜎
𝐶 = 𝑎 × 𝑏 = (4) − (−20) sin 80.53𝑜
𝐴 = −14.26
-Comprobar y/o graficar los ítems anteriores, según corresponda, en Geogebra, Matlab,
⃗ + 2𝒘
R/ -3𝑽 ⃗⃗⃗
⃗ = 3i – 4j + 2k
𝐕 ⃗ = -3 ( 3i -4j +2k)
- 3𝐕
⃗⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k
𝒘 ⃗⃗⃗ = 2 (2i +5j +4k)
2𝒘
⃗ = 3i – 4j + 2k
𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k
𝒘
⃗ *𝒘
𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ = (3)(2) + (-4) (5) + (2) (4)
⃗ *𝒘
𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ = 6i + 20j + 8k
⃗ *𝒘
6( 𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ )
COSENOS DIRECTORES
⃗ = 3i – 4j + 2k
V ⃗ = (3 – 4 + 2)
V
3 3
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑎 = )2 2 =√29
√32+(−4 +2
−4 −4
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑏 = )2 2 =√29
√32+(−4 +2
2 2
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑦 = )2 2 =√29
√32+(−4 +2
3 −4 2 9 16 4
( ) 2 +( )2 + ( )2 = 29 + 29 +29 = 1
√29 √29 √29
𝑤
⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k 𝑤
⃗⃗ = (2 +5 +4)
2 2
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑎 = 2 2 =√45
√22+5 +4
5 5
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑏 = 2 2 =
√22+5 +4 √45
4 4
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑦 = 2 2 =√45
√22+5 +4
2 5 4 4 25 16
( ) 2 +( )2 + ( )2 = 45 + 45 +45 = 1
√45 √45 √45
PRODUCTO CRUZ
⃗ = 3i – 4j + 2k
V 𝑤
⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k
i j ⃗k
⃗V x 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ = 3 −4 2
2 5 4
⃗ x𝑊
V ⃗
⃗⃗⃗ = [-16 -10] i – [12-4] j + [15+8] k
⃗V x 𝑊 ⃗
⃗⃗⃗ = -26i − 8j +23k
⃗V x 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ = < −26, −8,23 >
PRODUCTO PUNTO
⃗V= 3i – 4j + 2k 𝑤
⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k
⃗V x 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ = (3)(2) +(-4)(5) + (2)(4)
= 6 -20 + 8
=-6
< ⃗V x 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ >= -6
Ejercicio 3: Resolución de problemas básicos sobre vectores en R2 y R3
m/s.
R/
A*b = Ia I *I b I *cos α
I a I = √5²+12² = 13
I b I = √ 1²+k²
407k²+480k -69=
k = -0.129 k = 1.308
R/
K= -0.129 ; k= 1.308
1 0 2 3 9 −5 6 0 −2 3 5
−2 5 6 3 1 3 6
𝐴=[ 1 0 3 8] 𝐵 = [0 −1 3 ] 𝐶=[4 3 5 4 ] 𝐷=
5 −1 0 −9 8
2 −3 0 5 7 −5
0 3𝑥 2 −2
[ 3 𝑦2 3 ]
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
1 0 2 3 9 −5 6
−2 5 6 3 1 3 6
𝐴∙𝐵∙𝐶 =[ 1 0 3 8] ∙ [0 −1 3 ] ∙ 𝐶
5 2 −3 0 5 7 −5
(1 × 9) + (0 × 1) + (2 × 0) + (3 × 5) (1 × −5) + (0 × 3) + (2 × −1) + (3 × 7) (1 × 6) + (0
(−2 × 9) + (5 × 1) + (6 × 0) + (3 × 5) (−2 × −5) + (5 × 3) + (6 × −1) + (3 × 7) (−2 × 6) + (5
=[
(1 × 9) + (0 × 1) + (3 × 0) + (8 × 5) (1 × −5) + (0 × 3) + (3 × −1) + (8 × 7) (1 × 6) + (0
(5 × 9) + (2 × 1) + (−3 × 0) + (0 × 5) (5 × −5) + (2 × 3) + (−3 × −1) + (0 × 7) (5 × 6) + (2 ×
∙𝐶
9 + 0 + 0 + 15 −5 + 0 − 2 + 21 6 + 0 + 6 − 15
= [−18 + 5 + 0 + 15 10 + 15 − 6 + 21 −12 + 30 + 18 − 15] ∙ 𝐶
9 + 0 + 0 + 40 −5 + 0 − 3 + 56 6 + 0 + 9 − 40
45 + 2 + 0 + 0 −25 + 6 + 3 + 0 30 + 12 − 9 + 0
24 14 −3
0 −2 3 5
=[2 40 21 ] [ 4 3 5 4 ]
49 48 −25
−1 0 −9 8
47 −16 33
(24 × 0) + (14 × 4) + (−3 × −1) (24 × −2) + (14 × 3) + (−3 × 0) (24 × 3) + (14 × 5) + (−
(2 × 0) + (40 × 4) + (21 × −1) (2 × −2) + (40 × 3) + (21 × 0) (2 × 3) + (40 × 5) + (
=[
(49 × 0) + (48 × 4) + (−25 × −1) (49 × −2) + (48 × 3) + (−25 × 0) (49 × 3) + (48 × 5) + (−
(47 × 0) + (−16 × 4) + (33 × −1) (47 × −2) + (−16 × 3) + (33 × 0) (47 × 3) + (−16 × 5) + (
0 + 56 + 3 −48 + 42 + 0 72 + 70 + 27 120 + 56 − 24
= [0 + 160 − 21 −4 + 120 + 0 6 + 200 − 189 10 + 160 + 168 ]
0 + 192 + 25 −98 + 144 + 0 147 + 240 + 225 245 + 192 − 200
0 − 64 − 33 −94 − 48 + 0 141 − 80 − 297 235 − 64 + 264
59 −6 169 152
= [ 139 116 17 338 ]
217 46 612 237
−97 −142 −236 435
b) 𝟒𝑩 ∙ 𝟐𝑨
9 −5 6 1 0 2 3
1 3 6 −2 5 6 3
4𝐵 ∙ 2𝐴 = 4 [0 −1 3 ] ∙ 2 [ 1 0 3 8]
5 7 −5 5 2 −3 0
36 −20 24 2 0 4 6
4 12 24 −4 10 12 6
= [ 0 −4 12 ] ∙ [ 2 0 6 16]
20 28 −20 10 4 −6 0
OPERACIÓN NO DEFINIDA
indefinido
c) 𝟑𝑪 ∙ (−𝟕𝑩)
0 −2 3 5 9 −5 6
3 6
3𝐶 ∙ (−7𝐵) = 3 [ 4 3 5 4 ] ∙ (−7) [1
0 −1 3 ]
−1 0 −9 8
5 7 −5
0 −6 9 15 −63 35 −42
−7 −21 −42]
= [ 12 9 15 12 ] ∙ [ 0 7 −21
−3 0 −27 24 −35 −49 35
d) 𝑫𝟐
0 3𝑥 2 −2 0 3𝑥 2 −2
2 3 ] ∙ [ 3 𝑦2 3 ]
𝐷 = [ 3 𝑦2
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦) 1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
(0 × 0) + (3𝑥 2 × 3) + (−2 × 1) (0 × 3𝑥 2 ) + (3𝑥 2 × 𝑦 2 ) + (−2 × 0) (0 × −2) + (3𝑥 2 × 3) +
=[ (3 × 0) + (𝑦 2 × 3) + (3 × 1) (3 × 3𝑥 2 ) + (𝑦 2 × 𝑦 2 ) + (3 × 0) (3 × −2) + (𝑦 2 × 3) +
(1 × 0) + (0 × 3) + ((𝑥 + 𝑦) × 1) (1 × 3𝑥 2 ) + (0 × 𝑦 2 ) + ((𝑥 + 𝑦) × 0) (1 × −2) + (0 × 3) + ((𝑥
0 + 9𝑥 2 − 2 0 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 0 0 + 9𝑥 2 − 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
= [ 0 + 3𝑦 2 + 3 9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 4 + 0 −6 + 3𝑦 2 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
0 + 0 + (𝑥 + 𝑦) 3𝑥 2 + 0 + 0 −2 + 0 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
9𝑥 2 − 2 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 9𝑥 2 − 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
= [3𝑦 2 + 3 9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 4 −6 + 3𝑦 2 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
(𝑥 + 𝑦) 3𝑥 2 −2 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
e) 𝑫 ∙ 𝑪
0 3𝑥 2 −2 0 −2 3 5
𝐷 ∙ 𝐶 = [ 3 𝑦2 3 ]∙[ 4 3 5 4 ]
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦) −1 0 −9 8
f) 𝑪𝑻 ∙ 𝑫
0 4 −1
0 3𝑥 2 −2
𝐶 𝑇 ∙ 𝐷 = [−2 3 0 ]∙[3
𝑦2 3 ]
3 5 −9
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
5 4 8
0 + 12 − 1 0 + 4𝑦 2 + 0 0 + 12 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
2 2
0 + 9 + 0 −6𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 0 4+9+0
= 2 2
0 + 15 − 9 9𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 0 −6 + 15 − 9(𝑥 + 𝑦)
2 2
[0 + 12 + 8 15𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 0 −10 + 12 + 8(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
11 4𝑦 2 12 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
9 −6𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 13
=
6 9𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 9 − 9(𝑥 + 𝑦)
[20 15𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 2 + 8(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
g) 𝑫𝒆𝒕(𝑩)
h) 𝑫𝒆𝒕(𝑫)
0 3𝑥 2 −2
|𝐷| = | 3 𝑦 2 3 |
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
− (3𝑥 2 × 3 × (𝑥 + 𝑦)) − (0 × 3 × 0)
= 9𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦
i) (𝑩𝑻 − 𝑪)𝑻
𝑇 𝑇
9 −5 6 0 −2 3 5
3 6
(𝐵 𝑇 − 𝐶)𝑇 = ([1
0 −1 3 ] − [ 4 3 5 4 ])
−1 0 −9 8
5 7 −5
𝑇
9 1 0 5 0 −2 3 5
= ([−5 3 −1 7] − [ 4 3 5 4 ])
6 6 3 −5 −1 0 −9 8
𝑇
9−0 1 − (−2) 0−3 5−5
= [ −5 − 4 3−3 −1 − 5 7 − 4 ]
6 − (−1) 6−0 3 − (−9) −5 − 8
𝑇
9 3 −3 0
= [−9 0 −6 3 ]
7 6 12 −13
9 −9 7
=[ 3 0 6 ]
−3 −6 12
0 3 −13
Haciendo la rotación, tomando al eje 𝑦 como eje de giro, la matriz de rotación 𝑅(𝑦, 𝜑)
al eje 𝑂𝑌.
0 0 1 1 (0 × 1) + (0 × 1) + (1 × 2) 2
= [ 0 1 0] ∙ [1] = [ (0 × 1) + (1 × 1) + (0 × 2) ] = [ 1 ]
−1 0 0 2 (−1 × 1) + (0 × 1) + (0 × 2) −1
1
b) Encontrar el vector 𝑃𝑥𝑦𝑧, cuando el punto 𝑃𝑢𝑣𝑤 = [2] , con 𝜙 = 45°, con
3
√2 √2 √2 √2
0 ( × 1) + (0 × 2) + ( × 3)
2 2 1 2 2 2√2
= 0 1 0 ∙ [2] = (0 × 1) + (1 × 2) + (0 × 3) =[ 2 ]
√2 √2 3 √2 √2 √2
[ 2 0
−
2] [
(−
2
× 1) + (0 × 2) + (
2
× 3)
]
Descripción del ejercicio 6
de ecuaciones lineales; se basa en la idea de reducir la matriz aumentada a una forma que
sea lo suficientemente simple como para que el sistema de ecuaciones se pueda resolver por
observación.
Un nutricionista desarrolla una dieta para pacientes con bajo nivel de peso basándose en
Materia Costo % % % %
A 2,35 12 10 60 18
B 2 10 10 50 30
C 1,7 8 6 44 42
Cuánto deberán mezclar de cada una de las tres (3) materias primas si se desea
10𝐴 + 10𝐵 + 6𝐶 ≤ 95
Por lo tanto:
12𝐴 + 10𝐵 + 8𝐶 ≥ 10
12 10 8 ⋮ 10
𝐴 = [−10 −10 −6 ⋮ −95]
60 50 44 ⋮ 52
𝐹1
→
12
12 10 8 ⋮ 10 𝐹
= [−10 −10 −6 ⋮ −95] → 2
60 50 44 ⋮ 52 −10
𝐹3
→
10
5 2 5
1 ⋮
6 3 6
= 3 → 𝐹2 − 𝐹1
1 1 ⋮ 9,5 → 6𝐹1 − 𝐹3
5
[6 5 4,4 ⋮ 5,2]
5 2 5
1 ⋮
6 3 6
1 −1 26
= 0 ⋮
6 15 3 → 6𝐹2
−2 −1
0 0 ⋮
[ 5 5]
5 2 5
1 ⋮
6 3 6 5
−2 → 𝐹1 − 𝐹2
= 0 1 ⋮ 52 6
5
−2 −1 → −5𝐹3
0 0 ⋮
[ 5 5]
1 0 1 ⋮ −42,5
−2 𝐹3
= [0 1 ⋮ 52 ] → 2
5
0 0 2⋮ 1
→ 𝐹1 − 𝐹3
1 0 1 ⋮ −42,5
= [0 1 0 ⋮ 52,2 ] 2𝐹
3
0 0 1 ⋮ 0,5 → + 𝐹2
5
1 0 0 ⋮ −43
= [0 1 0 ⋮ 52,2 ]
0 0 1 ⋮ 0,5
12 10 8
|𝐴| = |−10 −10 −6|
60 50 44
Matriz adjunta de A:
−10 −6
𝑎11 = (−1)2 | | = [(−10 × 44) − (−6 × 50)] = (−440 + 300)
50 44
= −140
−10 −6
𝑎12 = (−1)3 | | = −[(−10 × 44) − (−6 × 60)] = −(−440 + 360)
60 44
= 80
−10 −10
𝑎13 = (−1)4 | | = [(−10 × 50) − (−10 × 60)] = (−500 + 600)
60 50
= 100
10 8
𝑎21 = (−1)3 | | = −[(10 × 44) − (8 × 50)] = −(440 − 400) = −40
50 44
12 8
𝑎22 = (−1)4 | | = [(12 × 44) − (60 × 8)] = (528 − 480) = 48
60 44
12 10
𝑎23 = (−1)5 | | = −[(12 × 50) − (60 × 10)] = −(600 − 600) = 0
60 50
10 8
𝑎31 = (−1)4 | | = [(10 × −6) − (−10 × 8)] = (−60 + 80) = 20
−10 −6
12 8
𝑎32 = (−1)5 | | = −[(12 × −6) − (−10 × 8)] = −(−72 + 80) = −8
−10 −6
12 10
𝑎33 = (−1)6 | | = [(12 × −10) − (−10 × 10)] = (−120 + 100)
−10 −10
= −20
−140 80 100
𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴) = [ −40 48 0 ]
20 −8 −20
7 1 −1
4 2 4
12 10 8 −3 1
𝐴 ∙ 𝐴−1 = [−10 −10 −6] ∙ −1
60 50 44 5 10
−5 1
[4 0
4]
7 −5 1 −3 −1
(12 × ) + (10 × −1) + (8 × ) (12 × ) + (10 × ) + (8 × 0) (12 × ) + (1
4 4 2 5 4
7 −5 1 −3 −1
= (−10 × ) + (−10 × −1) + (−6 × ) (−10 × ) + (−10 × ) + (−6 × 0) (−10 × ) + (−
4 4 2 5 4
7 −5 1 −3 −1
(60 × ) + (50 × −1) + (44 × ) (60 × ) + (50 × ) + (44 × 0) (60 × ) + (5
[ 4 4 2 5 4
21 − 10 − 10 6−6+0 −3 + 1 + 2 1 0 0
= [−17,5 + 10 + 7,5 −5 + 6 + 0 2,5 − 1 − 1,5 ] = [0 1 0]
105 − 50 − 55 30 − 30 + 0 −15 + 5 + 11 0 0 1