Week 1 Y1S1 | Nikeisha Klein

ANATOMY
Diagram the anatomical position and demonstrate knowledge of terms used to describe surfaces,
directions, planes
Describe the anatomical terminology for movements of the body

Anatomical position

 standing erect, head, eyes, toes directly forward

 skull/head line through floor of orbit and the ear canal opening
 Arms by side with palms facing anteriorly
 Legs together, feet directed anteriorly

Anatomical Planes

Terms of description and comparison

 based on anatomical position/ orientation
 describe how one part of the body relates to another

Anterior (ventral) Towards the front of body

Posterior (dorsal) Towards the back of body

Superior (cranial) Towards the head. ABOVE/UP

Inferior (caudal) Towards the feet. BELOW/DOWN

Medial Towards the midline of body (not median)

Lateral Away from the midline of body

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Proximal Towards the point of origin, root, or attachment of the structure

Distal Away from the point of origin, root, or attachment of the structure

Superficial (external) Towards body surface

Deep (internal) Deeper from body surface

Dorsum Superior surface of the foot and posterior surface of the hand
On the back – i.e. dorsal fin etc.

Plantar Inferior aspect of the foot

Palmar (volar) Anterior aspect of the hand

Central Middle (i.e. CNS)

Peripheral Away from central point (i.e. PNS)

Ventral Underside of animal, abdomen

Prone Lying flat, especially face downwards

Supine Lying face upwards, on back

Animals we generally dorsal, ventral, cranial/rostral/cephalon, caudal

*
Anteroinferior pelvis
Anterolateral
Anteroposterior front to back

Describe the anatomical terminology for movements of the body.

 Movements take place at joints, where bone or cartilage articulate. Most movements occur in pairs,
with the movements opposing each other.
 See axes of rotation (frontal axis, sagittal axis, longitudinal axis)

Flexion Decreases angle between body parts (generally forward except for
knees)
*dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

Extension Increases angle between body parts

Adduction Movement towards median plane of body (fingers together)

Abduction Movement away from median plane (splay fingers)

Medial Rotation Turns the anterior surface medially or inward

Lateral Rotation Turns the anterior surface laterally or outward

Supination Lateral rotation of the limb (e.g. the palm starts the movement facing
down and ends the movement facing up)

Pronation Medial rotation of the limb (e.g. palm starts movement facing up and
ends facing down)

Inversion Movement of foot so that the sole faces medially

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Eversion Movement of foot so that sole faces laterally

Opposition Action where the thumb abducts, rotates medially and flexes so that it
can meet the tip of any other finger

Circumduction Circular movement of the limbs that combines adduction, abduction,

extension and flexion (e.g. swinging arm around in a circle)

Elevation Lifts or moves a part superiorly

Depression Lowers or moves a part inferiorly

Protrusion To move the jaw anteriorly

(protraction)

Retrusion To move the jaw posteriorly

(retraction)

HEALTH SOCIETIES AND ENVIRONMENT

Introduction to Health and Public Health

Define health according to biomedical and socio-ecological models

WHO  Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being – and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity

Biomedical Model Socio-Ecological Model

- Treatment focused (curative) - Preventive
- Waits for individuals to define - Seeks out groups for support
themselves as ill - Based on population level statistics and
- Based on individual tests and results data
- Individual responsibility - Communities and environments also
involved

Define public health

Protecting health of entire populations through promoting healthy lifestyles, research for disease/ injury
prevention and detection/ control of infectious diseases

Define and describe the social determinants of health

The social gradient, stress, early life, social exclusion, work, unemployment, social support, addiction, food,
transport

Can be upstream (macro level, include global forces and government policies), midstream (intermediate
factors such as health behaviours [addressing behavioural risks]) or downstream (micro level and include
one’s genetics, individual-based, health care service delivery and interventions)

Preventability
- Primary (to modify risk factors/ exposures before condition occurs)
- Secondary (intervening before condition becomes clinically apparent or a problem)
- Tertiary (intervening to alter natural history to attenuate impact of disease)
Week 1 Y1S1 | Nikeisha Klein
Define epidemiology and briefly describe its role as a tool for public health

Epidemiology: study and analysis of the distribution and determinants of health and disease conditions in
defined populations

Welcome to Country

Briefly describe the history and meaning of an acknowledgement of country and a welcome to country

Welcome to Country
A small ceremony where traditional owners, usually elders, welcome people to their land.

Acknowledgment of Country
A way that all people can show awareness and respect for Aboriginal culture and heritage and the ongoing
relationship the traditional owners have with their land. Both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people can
perform this to demonstrate respect dedicated to the traditional custodians of the land (or sea) where the
event, meeting, school function or conference takes place.

Name the traditional owners of the land you are on.

Anaiwan peoples