Unknown solid +

NaOH(40%) 3ml

Ammonia odour on Yellow or brown Oily drops or -Ve

cold or after boiling color after layer of oil Hydrocarbons/Phenols/Carboxylic acid/Sod.salt of acid
Amm.salt of acid boiling Aniline salts
Acidity test
Solution of salt+2ml Carbohydrates
conc. HCl Soolution+1ml
BaCl2 -Ve Effervescence
-Ve White ppt. Hydrocarbons/phenols Carboxylic
Amm.salt of Amm.salt of -Ve /sod.salt of acid acid
Aliphatic acid Aromatic acid Aniline HCl
Metalic residue test Soluble in H2O Insoluble in
White ppt. Aliphatic acid H2O
Solution Confirmatory test Solution+2drops
Conc. H2SO4 test Aniline -Ve Black Aromatic acid
+CaCl2 of FeCl3 +shake
H2SO4 Hydrocarbons residue+Eff. N.S +CaCl2 Confirmatory
/phenols Sod.salt of acid test Solution+2drops
White ppt. Eff. +no Violet color Conc. H2SO4 test of FeCl3 +shake
Amm.Salicylat Buff ppt. White ppt.
on cold change Solution of ‫نفس اسكيم‬
e Amm.(Benzoat on cold -Ve
Amm.Oxalate solid+H2O ‫االمونيا‬ Eff. +no
e/Cinnamate/ (OR) Oxalic Violet color (Benzoic/Cinnamic/
Phthalate) Ethanol+2drops of
change Salicylic
White ppt. after Phthalic)acid
Eff. FeCl3 White ppt.
scratching +charring after Eff.
Amm.Tartarate Phthalein test Phthalein test
-Ve Any color(FeCl3 ‫ما‬ scratching +charring
Hydrocarbons ‫)عدا لون‬ Tartaric
White ppt. -Ve Pink color Phenols Eff. +yellow -Ve Pink color
Eff. +yellow
after bioling Amm.(Benzoate/ Amm.Phthalate White ppt. color (Benzoic/ Phthalic
color Solid+3ml
Amm.Citrate Cinnamate) Solubility test after bioling Cinnamic) acid
H2O+bioling
Citric acid
Unsaturation Insoluble
Oily drops
test Monohydric
Naphthalene Unsaturation
test
Decolorization Soluble
Amm.cinnimate -Ve
Anthracene Di/Tri hydric Decolorization
Cinnamic
-Ve
Amm.Benzoate
-Ve
Benzoic

Identification of Monohydric Phenols Dihydric Phenols Trihydric Phenols

Phenols Phenol α-Naphthol β-Naphthol Catechol Resorcinol Hydroquinol Pyrogallol
FeCl3 Test Violet color Pale green and with excess of FeCl3 it Green color Violet color Green ppt. Red color
turns into brown color
Phthalein test Pink color Deep green color Pale green color Blue color Reddish solution+Green Blue violet color -Ve
fluorescence
 Unknown slution+one drop of I2

Violet/Black/Blue color -Ve Acidity test→ Test tube (1) → Solution of acid
Starch Mono/Di Saccharides
→ Test tube (2) → Solution of Na2CO3 (OR) Solution of Na2HCO3
Then mix them
Fehling's test

Confirmatory test→ 1ml conc.H2SO4+Solid→ Heat till boiling

-Ve Orage/Red/Yellow ppt.
Sucrose (Glucose/Fructose/Maltose/Lactose) Unsaturation test→ solution of Na2CO3+Solid+1drop of KMnO4 And
shake well

Barafoed's test
Phthalein test for Phenols→ Dry test tube+1ml
conc.H2SO4+phthalic anhydrite+ Unknown (Eq.amount) → ∆ till fusion→
Red ppt. -Ve
Add 2drops (or more) in a beaker containing NaOH
MonoSaccharides(Glucose/Fructose) DiSaccharids(Maltose/Lactose)
FeCl3test→ 1drop of FeCl3+3ml H2O+Di/Tri hydric phenol And shake well
OR
Silvanof's test → 1drop of FeCl3+3ml Ethanol+Monohydric phenol And shake well

Reddish brown ppt. -Ve

Phthalein test for everything but Phenols→ Dry test tube+1ml
Fructose Glucose conc.H2SO4+phenol+ Unknown (Eq.amount) → ∆ till fusion→ Add 2drops in
a beaker containing NaOH

Fehling’s test→ 1ml FA (CuSO4.5H2O) +1ml FB (Sod. Pot. tartrate) +1ml

of unknown solution→ Boil on the flame

Barafoed’s test→ 1ml Barafoed’s reagent {Cu(CH3COO)2} +1ml of unknown solution→ ∆ in W.B for 10 minutes

Silvanof’s test→ 2ml Silvanof’s reagent (Resorcinol +conc.HCl) +1ml of unknown solution→ Boil on the flame

Metallic residue test→ Solid on spatula→ Burn on the flame until it turns into black residue→ Black residue+2ml dil.HCl