© 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

AUTOMATIC PAPER
CUTTING MACHINE
1
G.Babu Rao 2J.Gowthami,3Dasari Venkata Surya MohanKrishna,4K.Kalesha, 5CH.Veera Babu,
2345
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, KKR&KSR Institute of Technology, India)
1
Assistent Prof. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering KKR&KSR Institute of Technology, India)

Abstract: Here we propose the design and fabrication of a fully automated paper cutter based on Geneva mechanism. Our
proposed system cuts paper equal lengths based on this Geneva mechanism. Geneva mechanism is a gear mechanism that
translates a continuous rotation movement into intermittent rotary motion. The rotating drive wheel is usually equipped with a pin
that reaches into a slot located in other wheel that advances it by one step at a time. We drive this whole mechanism with 12v
motor where we connect the shaft that has a connecting rod with the scissor in order to drive the cutting mechanism for cutting
paper. We chose this project because it has fully automatic cutting mechanism which is small in size and portable. Its main
advantage is it cuts equal length of paper and with accurate dimensions. This can also cut various kinds of paper products, thin
films etc. and also for marking papers sequentially. This is also proves to be a simple and low cost solution mechanism for small
scale productions. It also have wide application area in books or notebook manufacturing industry , visiting card labels, stationary
stores for cutting color papers.
Index Terms - Component, formatting, style, styling, inserts.
I. INTRODUCTION
Now day’s there is lot of competition in the market. So there is need of developing a new method or process for effective
manufacturing. That process or methods should fulfill the requirement about accuracy Productivity. This paper represents the
automatic paper cutting machine by using Geneva mechanism. This equipment is very accurate to cut the papers. This concept
will be mainly used in the paper manufacturing industry to cut the papers in huge numbers. The equipment is fabricated in less
cost and good efficient. The aim of this concept is to reduce the human fatigue and time savings in industries by eliminating the
paper marking time. Here it has analyzed to use Geneva Mechanism. This is the mechanism used to get intermittent motions. This
mechanism consists of the following parts like Geneva wheel, rotating disc, bearing, frame and DC motor. In industries the paper
cutting machines go through a time taking process of paper marking which is required to cut the paper of required dimensions, so
this model is designed by using Geneva mechanism which eliminates the paper marking time and feeds the paper of equal length
in each rotation. Geneva mechanism is used as a mechanism for transforming rotary motion into intermittent motion running with
acceleration jumps at the beginning and the end of the active phases. The rotating drive wheel has the pin that reaches into a slot
of the driven wheel advancing into it by one step. The drive wheel also has a raised circular blocking disc that locks the driven
wheel in position between steps. The Geneva drive or Maltese cross is a gear mechanism that translates a continuous rotation into
an intermittent rotary motion.These different curves can be obtained by constructing a physical model of the mechanism and
viewing the path of various points without detailed mathematical analysis. It is also possible to develop a mathematical model of
the mechanism in terms of its four link lengths. The analytical expressions for these paths are algebraic and require many
computations to determine the coordinates for points on the path. A procedure to determine the link lengths of a 4-bar mechanism
that will guide its coupler curve in a prescribed manner. The mathematical formulation of this procedure for designing a 4-bar
mechanism. The use of a computerfor the design of 4-bar mechanisms. This activity precipitated much interest in creating
additional analytical approaches to specify mechanisms capable of satisfying a desired task. Interestingly, the number of points is
usually three, four or five. This methodology of path generation is referred to as an exact method.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

The design and analysis of paper cutting machine based on Geneva was analyzed by Vijay et al. [1], they presented a
comparison of the position, velocity, acceleration, and jerk between the classical Geneva wheel mechanism and the proposed
mechanism.
The analysis and synthesis of Geneva mechanism with elliptical crank has been studied by Han Jiguang Yu Kang [2], it
has been analyzed that for both internal and external Geneva mechanism, the kinematics coefficient of the Geneva mechanism is a
constant if the groove number of the Geneva wheel is a constant.
The analysis and modeling of Geneva mechanism was studied by Georgata and Elena [3], the paper presents some
aspects theoretical and practical based on the finite element analysis and modeling of Geneva mechanism with four slots, using
the CATIA graphic program.
Hones and Nelson [4], in their paper on Analysis of the Four-Bar Linkage gives review that a 4-bar mechanism is a basic
1-DOF (degree of freedom) mechanism. A 4-bar is created by selecting four link lengths and joining the links with revolute joints
to form a loop. A wide variety of paths are possible by arbitrarily choosing a point on the coupler curve.
The Geneva wheel and face cam in automat, Madhoo et al. [5], driven the automat using single motor for different
operations. Here they focus on two main parts they are Geneva wheel and Face cam which are used for their respective
operations. Geneva Wheel is used to index the drum which consists of 96 spindles.
Kalisindhur et al. [6], designed a mechanism for cutting by giving intermittent feed. This intermittent feed is given by
continuous rotation of circular disk in Geneva mechanism. We have designed a belt drive with the help of Geneva mechanism
which is used for giving feed and gives smooth operation and smooth movement of the feed at required time interval.

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[7]C.Y. Cheng, Y. Lin, “Improving dynamic performance of the Geneva mechanism using non-linear spring elements,
Mechanism and Machine Theory Among various mechanisms producing intermittent rotary motion, the Geneva mechanism is the
simplest and most widely used for its accuracy and self-locking function.
[8] E.A. Dijksman, Jerk-free Geneva wheel driving, Journal of Mechanisms 1 (1966) 235–283. A jerk-free motion of an internal
Geneva wheel is obtained by using a special driving mechanism. For this mechanism a four-bar mechanism is chosen from which
the coupler point drives the wheel.
[9] E.A. Fenton, Geneva mechanisms connected in series, ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry 97 (1975) 603–608.
Manual washing of beverage bottles does not give the desired productivity requirement of industrial setting and in the effort to
reduce the environmental impact of waste from industrial production, there is an increasing deeply felt need to recover empty
glass and plastic container
[10] E.A. Sadek, J.L. Lloyd, M.R. Smith, A new design of Geneva drive to reduce shock loading, Mechanism and Machine
Theory 25 (1990) 589–595. A systematic procedure is proposed for the design of Geneva mechanisms with curved slots. Based on
the theory of conjugate surfaces, mathematical expressions for the slot profile

III.MATERIAL AND METHDOLOGY

 Geneva wheel  Geneva wheel

 Sprockets  Sprockets
 Roller chain  Roller chain
Geneva wheel:-

In our Geneva, the driven wheel has four slots and thus advances by one step of 90 degrees for each rotation of the
drive wheel. Hence the intermittent motion is achieved for ¼ of the 360 degrees. Due to the visual resemblance when the
rotating wheel has four spokes, since they can be made small, and are able to withstand substantial mechanical stress. The
rotating drive wheel is usually equipped with a pin that reaches into a slot located in the other wheel (driven wheel) that
advances it by one step at a time. The main wheel also has an elevated circular blocking disc that "locks" the rotating driven
wheel in position between steps. The name, Geneva drive, is derived from the device's earliest application in mechanical
watches, which were popularized in Geneva, being the classical origin of watch making industry.

Fig: GENEVA WHEEL

Sprockets:
A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that mesh with a chain. The
sprockets are used for the power transmission between two shafts through the roller chain. The name 'sprocket' applies generally
to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are
never meshed together directly, The term 'sprocket' originally applied to the projection from the wheel that caught on the chain
and provided the drive to it. The overall wheel was then termed a 'sprocket wheel'. With time and common use of these devices,
the overall wheel became known as a sprocket. The earlier uses would now be seen as archaic. The final drive gear ratio can be
calculated by dividing the number of teeth on the rear sprocket by the number of teeth on the counter-shaft sprocket. Installing a
larger counter-shaft sprocket, or a smaller rear sprocket, produces a higher gear ratio, this decreases the acceleration but
increases its top speed.

Fig: SPROCKET

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Roller and chain:
Roller chain is the type of chain drive most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power between two
sprockets. It consists of a series of short cylindrical rollers held together by side links. It is driven by a toothed wheel called a
sprocket. It is a simple, reliable, and efficientmeans of power transmission. The roller chain design reduces friction compared to
simpler designs, resulting in higher efficiency and less wear. The original power transmission chain varieties lacked rollers and
bushings, with both the inner and outer plates held by pins which directly contacted the sprocket teeth.

Fig: ROLLER AND CHAIN

Paper cutter:
A paper cutter is a tool, designed to cut the paper with a straight edge. Paper cutters vary in size. This paper cutter is used
as the oscillator in the four bar crank and lever mechanism. The stationary right edge of the base is also steel, with an exposed,
finely-ground edge. When the knife is pulled down to cut paper, the action resembles that of a pair of scissors, only instead of two
knives moving against each other, one is stationary. In the modern paper industry, larger machines are used to cut large stacks of
paper, cardboard, or similar material. Such machines operate in a manner similar to a guillotine. Commercial versions are
motorized and automated, and include clamping mechanisms to prevent shifting of the material during the cutting process.

Fig: PAPER CUTTER

Coil spring:
A coilspring, also known as a helical spring, is a mechanical device which is typically used to store energy and
subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces. They are made of
an elastic material formed into the shape of a helixwhich returns to its natural length when unloaded. Under tension or
compression, the material (wire) of a coil spring undergoes torsion. The spring characteristics therefore depend on the shear
modulus, not Young's Modulus. Metal coil springs are made by winding a wire around a shaped former - a cylinder is used to
form cylindrical coil springs.Spring rate is the measurement of how much a coil spring can hold until it compresses 1 inch. The
spring rate is normally specified by the manufacture.

IV.DESIGN & FABRICATION:

To design of the project is all carried out by using CATIA V5 R20 designing software. CATIA is the best solution
capable of addressing the complete product development process from product concept specification through product in service in
a fully integrated and associative manner. CATIA stands for Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application. Started
as In-House Development in 1977 by aircraft manufacturer Avionics Marcel Dassault. Commonly referred to as a 3d product life
cycle management software suite, CATIA supports multiple stages of product development (CAx), including conceptualization,
design (CAD), engineering (CAE) and manufacturing (CAM). CATIA facilitates collaborative engineering across disciplines
around its 3DEXPERIENCE platform, including surfacing & shape design, electrical, fluid and electronic systems
design, mechanical engineering and systems engineering.In the view of mechanical engineering field CATIA enables the creation
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of 3D parts, from 2D sketches, sheet metal, composite, molded, forged or tooling parts up to the definition of mechanical
assemblies. The software provides advanced technologies for mechanical surfacing & BIW. It provides tools to complete product
definition, including functional tolerances as well as kinematics definition. CATIA provides a wide range of applications for
tooling design, for both generic tooling and mold & die. In the case of Aerospace engineering an additional module named the
aerospace sheet metal design offers the user combine the capabilities of generative sheet metal design and generative surface
design.
S.NO. PART MATERIAL NO. OF
1 Geneva wheel Mild steel 1
2 Sprockets Cast iron 2
3 Roller chain steel 1
4 Paper cutter Stainless Steel 1
5 Paper roller Plastic 1
6 Coil spring Spring Steel 2
7 Shaft Mild steel 3
8 Columns and base Aluminum and mild steel 1
Design calculation for paper feed:
Length of the paper to be feed can be adjusted by
The paper feed length = (circumference of the roller)/no. Of slots in Geneva wheel
L = (2 * 𝜋 * R) / n
Where n is the number of slots in the Geneva wheel.
R is the radius of the roller, L is the length of the paper to be feed.
We needed length of paper to be 50mm
Therefore,
L = 50mm
And taking slots as 4 because it is simple to manufacture a geneva with four slots
50 = (2 x 3.14 x R) /4
50 x 4 = 2 x 3.14 x R
R = 200 / 2 x 3.14
By solving this we get R = 31.84
We took radius of roller as 32m.
In our situation we took D as 95mm

Therefore the crank pin distance from the center of its rotation axis will be
=95/ sqrt2
=67.17 = 67mm
And the Radius of the Geneva will be same = 67mm
We took number of slots as 4 because it is usually used and easy to
manufacture.

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Shaft:
A shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power from one place to another. This shaft forms an
integral part of the machine itself. The crank shaft is an example of machine shaft. Transmission shafts are used to transmit power
between the source and the machine absorbing power. The examples are counter shafts and line shafts. The material used for
ordinary shafts is mild steel. When high strength is required, an alloy steel such as nickel, nickel-chromium or chromium-
vanadium steel is used. Shafts are generally formed by hot rolling.Shafts are always made to circular cross-section and could be
either solid or hollow. The shafts are classified as straight, cranked, flexible or articulated. Straight shafts are commonest to be
used for power transmission. Such shafts are commonly designed as stepped cylindrical bars, that is, they have various diameter
along their length, although constant diameter shafts would be easy to produce. The stepped shafts correspond to magnitude of
stress which varies along the length. Moreover, the uniform diameter shafts are not compatible with assembly, disassembly and
maintenance such shafts would complicate the fastening of the parts fitted to them, particularly the bearings, which have restricted
against sliding in axial direction. Shafts are to be distinguished from axles which also support rotating members but do not
transmit power.
Motor:
In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A current carrying conductor generates a
magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the
current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external magnetic field. As you are well aware of from playing with magnets
as a kid, opposite (North and South) polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North, South and South) repel. The internal
configuration of a DC motor is designed to harness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying conductor and an external
magnetic field to generate rotational motion.The specification of motor used is 12 Volts, 4.5 Amps with 30 rpm.3.7Power supply.
The ac voltage, typically 220V is connected to a transformer, which steps that ac voltage down to the level of the desired dc
output. A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce
a dc voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage variation. A regulator circuit removes the ripples and
also remains the same dc value even if the input dc voltage varies, or the load connected to the output dc voltage changes. This
voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of the popular voltage regulator IC units.

V. RESULT AND ANALYSIS:

The obtained shape and size of paper is dependent upon feed of the paper through roller which is driven by the Geneva
mechanism so indirectly the no. of slots of Geneva are playing role in feeding the amount of paper . Thus to get the A-4 size cut

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of paper, intermittent motion need to change accordingly and compared with the standard size with most efficient outcome by
consuming less power and give to the system.

VI C.ONCLUSION:
The design and fabrication of paper cutting machine using Geneva mechanism is will be very useful in small scale
industries. There are many machines based on paper cutting but it has some demerits like large in size, costly, need skilled people
to operate and it needs electrical input. But our machine will overcome these demerits by compact in size, less cost, no need for
skilled people and there is no need for electrical input. The design procedure is done for fabricating the geneva wheel and other
elements of this machine. The main aim for this machine is to reduce timing for paper cutting and neglect the time for marking
paper, this aim is achieved in our paper cutting machine using Geneva mechanism.

REFERENCES
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[2] Han Jiguag Yu Kang, Analysis and Synthesis of Geneva Mechanism with Elliptic Crank, International Journal of Hybrid
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Mechanism, IJASTR, 1(2), 2015, 20-40.
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[8] E.A. Dijksman, Jerk-free Geneva wheel driving, Journal of Mechanisms 1 (1966) 235–283.
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