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Introduction
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 2
Passive Transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane without using any
type of energy. Also, selective permeable means that only certain things are allowed to flow
through while other things cannot. (Passive Transport, 2019) Osmosis is said to be the
movement through a selectively permeable membrane of water molecules from a region with
where there is a higher concentration of dissolved salt on the outside of the cell. On the other
hand, a hypotonic environment is an environment that contains less solute and more water than
any other solution. (Hypertonic and Hypotonic Enviroments, n.d.) Osmosis is said to have a
numerous amount of life preserving functions that happen nearly every day. It helps the
preservation of meats and fruits, helps with the reception of water and believe it or not is relied
on in Kidney dialysis. Also, Osmosis has the ability of being reversed to remove other impurities
from water and to take away salt. (Osmosis, 2019) Dialysis Tubing is said to be a semi-
permeable membrane and tends to be made of a substance known as cellulose acetate. The
purpose Dialysis tubing supports the purpose of showing the movement of water out and into a
cell based on the osmotic environment it is in. (Sigma-Aldrich, n.d.) For Part I of the experiment
we are comparing the effects of diffusion with different bags placed in specific environments to
get specific results. In Part II of the lab we are experimenting and trying to determine which
specific substances are capable of being able to pass in or out of a model cell. Also, it will be
determined as to why these substances act this way or why they fail or pass as to whether they
are capable of passing through or not. Beaker 1 represents a simulated cell in an isotonic
represents a simulated cell in a hypotonic environment. Beaker 4 also represents a simulated cell
Through Cell Membranes ) The dependent variable in Part I was the mass of the bag and the
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 3
Independent variable was the gradients concentration which were also known as the liquids. The
dependent variable for Part II was the color that was inside of the bag and the independent
variable was the element that was added to the beaker. The constants for part I were the
measurements and the control group were the water in the bag and water in the beaker but the
experimental was beakers two too six for Part I. (Diffusion Through Cell Membranes ) The
constants for Part II are, the mass of the bag, amount of water in the bag, and how long the bags
were dropped in water. For Part I of this experiment, if the environment is in an isotonic stage
then the bag will relatively stay the same mass. For Part II in this experiment, if the environment
is hypotonic then the bag is will change mass for a good amount. (Diffusion Through Cell
Membranes )
Materials
- Paper Towels
- Iodine
- 200 mL water
- 5 mL water
- Scale (g)
- 6 250 mL Beakers
- 10 mL tap water
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 4
- 5 mL tap water
- String
- Water
Procedures
Part I
1. Get 5 pieces of the dialysis tubing which has already been soaked enough in water. The
you are to fold one end over the other approximately 1 cm from the end and tie a knot
around the end that is open to prevent leaking. Tie with string. After the knot is tight and
ready, you are to tie more knots to make sure the bag will absolutely not leak. Cut excess
2. Fill Bag 1 with 5 mL full of tap water. Fill Bag 2, 5 mL full of 20% Starch Solution. Fill
Bag 3, 5 mL full of 40% Starch Solution. Fill Bag 4, 5 mL full of 60% Starch Solution.
Fill Bag 5, 5 mL full of tap water. Fill Bag 6, 5 mL full of 80% Starch Solution.
3. After each bag is carefully filled, folded, closed and tied on the open end of each bag.
Make sure it is tight enough to prevent leakage but not to the point where it is stretched
tight. Key point to remember that the “cells” do have a possibility of expanding, losing
weight, or swelling. Place each bag on a numbered towel to prevent confusion and to be
organized.
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 5
4. Get the mass of each bag by it self with a glass weighing dish. Record the beginning
masses.
6. At the end of 5, 10, and 15-minute periods, take bags out of the beakers, dry off the
remaining water, and precisely weigh each bag to the nearest gram. Before that, place it
in a glass weighing dish! Then you shall record the new masses. When done with
recording masses, place bags back into beakers at the same time and make sure not to
mix up bags.
7. You are allowed to record Bag 1 mass in Table 1. But, bags two through six will be
determined from averages calculated in class. After everything is calculated and good
then you can enter their masses into the table. (Lab Manual, 2019)
Part II
1. For the second time, fold one end of the tubing dialysis over and tie a knot. Tie more
3. Then add close to 1 teaspoon of starch solution to the tube. Fold other end then proceed
4. Rinse the bag you have made with water to ensure that all spills have been cleaned. Dry
5. Next, fill up a beaker with 200 mL of water and proceed on to adding 20 drops of Iodine.
Place the cell in the Iodine filled water. Fill out the initial color of the cell and the beaker
on a piece of paper.
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 6
6. After 15-minute time period, remove the cell and pat dry.
7. Next, note any change in color of the beaker. Fill out the final section of your chart to
Results
In Bag 1 the beginning mass was 5.4 grams then after 5 minutes, the mass went up to 6.0
grams which means it had a change of +0.6. Then after 10 minutes, the mass for bag 1 was 5.8
grams with a change of -0.2 and after 15 minutes the mass was 5.9 grams with a +.1 change.
Then the mass after 20 minutes was 6.2 grams with a change of +.3. In Bag 2 the starting mass
was 5.7 grams then after 5 minutes, the mass went down to 4.6 with a change of -1.1, then after
10 minutes the mass was 4.4 grams which means it had a change of -0.2. The mass after 15
minutes is 4.5 grams which has a mass change of +.1 then after 20 minutes the mass was 4.3
grams with a -.2 change. In Bag 3 the beginning mass was 5.7 grams, then after 5 minutes it was
6.2 grams which had a change of +0.5, after 10 minutes the mass was 6.2 grams which had no
change at all. After 15 minutes the mass went up to 6.8 grams which had a +0.6 change then
after 20 minutes the mass went down to 6.4 grams which had a change of -.4. In Bag 4 the
beginning mass was 6.2 and after 5 minutes the mass was 6.8 which had a change of +0.4 then
after 10 minutes it went up to 6.9 grams with a +0.1 change. Then after 15 minutes the mass
went up to 7.5 grams with a +0.6 change, and after 20 minutes the mass went up to 7.3 grams
-0.2 change. In Bag 5 the beginning mass was 5.1 grams then the mass stayed the same after 5
minutes which means there was no change. After 10 minutes, it dropped down to 4.8 grams with
a change of -0.3 and after 15 minutes it went down to 4.6 grams with a -0.2 change. The final
mass after 20 minutes was 4.8 grams with a +0.2 change. In Bag 6 the beginning mass it was 6.4
grams then after 5 minutes there was a +0.9 change up to 7.3 grams, and after 10 minutes the
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 7
mass was 7.1 grams with a -0.2 change. After 15 minutes the mass was 7.5 grams which was a
change of +0.4 after 20 minutes the mass was 7.9 grams with a change of +0.4.
Mass
5 min.
change (+ CHANGE
or -)
10 min.
10 min. -0.2 -0.2 NO +0.1 -0.3 -0.2
(+ or -)
Mass after 5.9 4.5 6.8 7.5 4.6 7.5
15 min.
15 min. mas +0.1 +0.1 +0.6 +0.6 -0.2 +0.4
change
(+ or -)
Mass after 6.2 4.3 6.4 7.3 4.8 7.9
20 min.
20 min. +0.3 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 +0.2 +0.4
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 8
mass change
(+ or -)
The information in this table shows the mass changes after each bag was placed into a specific
beaker. After every period of time, the bags would be taken out and weighed every time then
recorded on the paper.
5 Bag 1
Mass (Grams)
Bag 2
4
Bag 3
3 Bag 4
Bag 5
2
Bag 6
1
0
0 5 10 15 20
Time (Min)
Certain bags were caused to lose or gain weight because of the diffusion process and the
substances or solutions reacted to it which can cause a change, sometimes dramatic and
sometimes small. Yes, because the bags that were in a hypotonic environment increased in mass
and that is what was expected and a hypertonic environment, the bags were supposed to decrease
in mass. As the bags kept on getting closer to the equilibrium, the rate of osmosis began to level
off and become flat. This all would happen because the bags would keep on getting closer to the
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 9
point of an isotonic environment so the transportation of large amounts of water was not needed.
The data stated shows that with the bags that were recognized as hypotonic environment. Bag 5
was expected lose mass because it was placed in a hypertonic environment which would have
done the opposite and pull water out instead of taking it in. The rate of osmosis decreases and
increases based on the concentration gradient. When the gradient is a higher concentration then
the rate of osmosis will increase because of the fact of more water needing to be moved around
so it will help the cell to try and reach the equilibrium. A gradient of lower concentration does
not require much water movement so that leads to the rate of osmosis not increasing
dramatically. In Part II of the lab, the inside of the simulated cell turned purple because the
Iodine was able to move throughout the dialysis tubing and react with the starch. When the
inside of the bag turned blue then then the solution outside of the beaker turned to the color clear,
in all, the dialysis tubing is permeable to Iodine but not to the Starch. There were multiple
sources of error that could have been possible in this lab. The beakers could not have been clean
or could have the chance of getting mixed up allowing the fact of cross contamination making
the whole experiment incorrect. Also, the bags may have not been tied tightly enough to allow
solution to not leak so the substance could leak into the beaker and then that would affect the
mass. Another possible area where it could have affected the experiment, is the measurement
parts and getting those wrong by putting too much or too little which would change the mass
completely. Also, when using the pipets, people could have put back pipets in the wrong
solution that it started at which would lead to misinformation and the same as another solution.
The test could be improved by taking maybe one or two more bags and doing two of the same
Conclusion
Diffusion Through Cell Membrane 10
In conclusion, both part of the lab turned out to be successful. In class, the first part of
the lab made us discovered that when the dialysis was placed in different beakers with different
liquids lead to the bags swell up and that would make the mass increase. The dialysis tubing that
did not swell and got smaller because the solution mixed with dialysis tubing made it decrease in
mass because it would affect the solution to make it decrease. In Part II of the mass, the class
proceeded to put twenty drops of Iodine in the beakers and then the dialysis tubing back with the
starch. The dialysis tubing started off as clear and then turned purple after twenty minutes of
being in the solution. The next beaker that was tested started out as a yellow color then turned
clear after 15 minutes of being in the solution. In all, both parts of the Osmosis lab tuned out to
be a success and the class found the answers that they were looking for which led to a successful
lab.
References
(Osmosis, 2019)
(Sigma-Aldrich, n.d.)