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GRADE 8 ENGLISH
2019-2020
8-ISAIAH/JEREMIAH/EZEKIEL
GRADE 10 ENGLISH
2019-2020
10- LEVITICUS
What is Language?
- Pronounced as / la -ɡwij /
- It is the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of
the use of words in a structured and conventional way;
- a system of communication used by a particular country or community.
The Prosodic Features of the Language:
Prosodic Feature - this is the collective term used to describe variations in stress,
pitch, loudness, tempo, and rhythm. These features are all involved in intonation,
stress, and rhythm.
A. STRESS
- Stress is the relative emphasis or the prominence given to certain syllables in a
word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. In English, stressed syllables are
louder than non-stressed syllables. Also, they are longer and have a higher pitch.
C. LOUDNESS
- Related to weak and strong syllables in English and in the extra prominence given
to nuclear syllables. In more extended speech, loudness can be used for other
effects
- It is associated with anger (though anger can also be indicated by very quiet, tense
speech). In public speaking, orators produce powerful effects by varying the
loudness of their speech.
D. TEMPO
- This is the pace of the speech; this too can be varied. Fast speech can convey
urgency, whereas slower speech can be used for emphasis. Varying the tempo can
also be used for effect in public speaking, often accompanying changes in loudness.
When reading stories to children, we can vary the tempo and loudness to reinforce
the meaning of the words.
E. JUNCTURE
- is the manner of moving (transition) or mode of relationship between two
consecutive sounds;
- t is the relationship between two successive syllables in speech: a juncture is,
formally, a suprasegmental phonemic cue, a means by which a listener can
distinguish between two otherwise identical sequences of sounds that have
different meanings
example: "I scream" and "ice cream."
F. PITCH
- In some languages, a change in pitch signifies a different word; is the rise and fall
of our voice when we speak, sometimes called "highness" or "lowness." We use
pitch to gives subtle meaning to sentences. The use of pitch is called intonation,
but the words "pitch" and "intonation" are often used interchangeably. Pitch is
directly related to word and syllable stress.
G. RHYTHM
- a strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound.
- the systematic arrangement of musical sounds, principally according to duration
and periodic stress.