HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY

STO. ROSARIO, ANGELES CITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Experiment No. 3
MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC WEIGHT AND PRESSURE
INTENSITY OF LIQUIDS

TIMPUG, CHRISTINE D.
CE-403

ENGR. JOSELTON BAKING

INSTRUCTOR

JULY 10, 2018

DATE PERFORMED

DELA CRUZ, ROSE ANN NINA

DUNGCA, MARY GRACE

NICDAO, FRANCHINO MARI

PASIA, JOLINA

ROQUE, JANN DE MARCO

Experiment No. 3
MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC WEIGHT AND PRESSURE INTENSITY OF LIQUIDS
I. THEORY

Pressure, P, is defined as the force divided by the area where force is applied. It is measured in
N/m or Pascal (SI) and in lb. /in2 or psi and in PSF. Pressure is also known as the stress applied in a
2
particular area.

Since the force applied by a liquid to an area or surface is not readily attainable or
visible, it is necessary that we translate the formula of pressure to something that can be easily
attained or measured. The transformation is as follows:
=

But the force exerted by a liquid in its container is its weight. Therefore, = , where or the
weight is equal to the unit weight of the liquid multiplied by the volume of the liquid or = . The
volume is equal to the cross-sectional area or base area of the container multiplied by the
height of liquid in it or = ℎ. Substituting we will arrive with the following formula:

= / = / = ℎ/ , and cancelling the base area will lead to the theoretical pressure formula
in Fluid Mechanics given by:
=
Where:
= pressure intensity of the liquid
= unit weight or specific weight of the liquid
ℎ = pressure head or the height of the standing liquid causing the
pressure = cross − sectional area or base area of the container

II. EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVES

The objective of the experiment is to establish the relationship between specific weight and
pressure exerted by a liquid.

III. MATERIALS AND APPARATUSES REQUIRED

The apparatuses necessary to perform this experiment are the following:

a. Beaker or Cylindrical Container

b. Weight Balance
c. Set of Weights
d. Graduated Cylinder
e. Thermometer
f. Metric Scale
IV. PROCEDURES

1. Determine the weight of the empty cylindrical container, its dimensions and calculate its base area.
2. Determine the weight of the cylindrical container filled with a certain amount or volume of liquid
and measure the height of the liquid. Make sure that the volume of the liquid is known. You can
do this by using graduated cylinder in filling the container with the samples.
3. Calculate the specific weight and pressure intensity of the liquid using the following formulas:
= = /

Where:
= the measured weight of the
liquid = the known volume of the
sample
A = the base area of the
container = the actual
measure pressure

4. Calculate the theoretical pressure using the derived formula:

=

Where:
= the specific weight of the sample liquid at present
temperature = the theoretical pressure
5. Take note of the difference between the actual pressure intensity, , and the theoretical pressure,

6. Compute the percent error by subtracting the actual pressure from the theoretical pressure
and dividing the difference with the theoretical pressure and multiplying by 100percent.
% = [( − )/ ][ ]

V. LABORATORY DATA

Sample Liquid
unit Salted
Oil Water Iced Water
Water
Wt. of beaker (filled) N 3.1235 3.8759 3.7690 2.3897
Wt. of beaker (empty) N 1.7138 1.7138 2.7138 1.7138
Wt. of liquid N 1.4097 1.1621 2.0552 0.6759
Volume of liquid M³ 162 219 207 86
Temperature Co 28 26 15 27.5
Specific Weight N/m 8.9394 10.75206 10.77615 7.6702
Actual pressure, N/m 99.0654 151.9396 144.4273 97.4982
Theoretical pressure, N/m 2.0967 1.3409 2.0475 0.7670
% error %
VI. CALCULATIONS

20- 9.789 15-9.804

26- x 15-x
30- 9.765 20- 9.789

The rest are calculate by calculator.

VII. DISCUSSION (Group)

Pressure and depth have a directly proportional relationship. This is due to the
greater column of water that pushes down on an object submersed. Conversely, as objects
are lifted, and the depth decreases, pressure is reduced. This relationship between
pressure and depth may be looked at with respect to the relationship between pressure
and volume, as the column of water has a specific volume and corresponding to depth. The
pressure a liquid exerts against the sides and bottom of a container depends on the density
and the depth of the liquid. We can say that the depth, density and liquid pressure are
directly proportionate.

VII. REFLECTIONS (Individual)

I therefore conclude that a liquid, pressure acts in all directions. The pressure in a
liquid increases with depth. Liquid pressure also depends on the density of the liquid.
Atmospheric pressure pressing on the surface of a liquid must be taken into account when
trying to discover the total pressure acting on a liquid. It is important to recognize that the
pressure does not depend on the amount of liquid present. Volume is not the important
factor, depth is. The pressure at a certain point in a liquid is related to the weight of all the
liquid above that point.