DESIGN CONSTANTS
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
OVERALL HEIGHT (H)
SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
Ht. of Stem
Unit weight of soil
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck)
GRADE OF STEEL (fy)
C= σcbc
t= σst
M =
ᶲ =
µ =
Ka
Kp
Surcharge
Density of r.c.c
Preliminary Dimensions
Minimum depth of foundation
Provide Foundation Depth
Overall Depth
Base width
Maximum toe Width
Provide toe width
Thickness of base slab
provide thickness of base slab
Spacing of counterfort
l =
provide spacing
Thickness of stem near base
height of stem (h)
Pressure at bottom
Maximum B.M at support (M)
Mu
For Fe 500 steel ( SP 16, P.N. 10)
Mu
therefore d
provide effective depth d
cover
provide d
Top Width
Heel width
Stability Calculation
HORIZONTAL LOAD
= 5m
= 8m
= 369.7 kN/m^2
= 7.5 m
= 18 kN/m^3
= 20
= 500
= 7 N/mm^2
= 230 N/mm^2
13.33
26
0.5
= 0.391
= 2.560
= 20.000 kN/m^2
25.000 kN/m^2
= 3.135 m
= 3m
= 8m
0.6H-0.7H
5.8 m
= 1.933 m
= 2m
= H/15-H/20 0.533
= 0.5 m
=
3.5(H/ɣ)^0.25
= 2.858
= 3 m c/c
=
= 7.5 m
= 60.55 kN/m^2
= 45.414 kN/m^2
= 68.122 kN/m^2
=
= 0.133fckbd^2
= 160.030 mm
= 350 mm
= 50 mm
= 400 mm
= 300 mm
= 3400 mm
Considering seismic action
 perpendicul
Horizontal load ar distance
Load Type (kN) (m)
Active earth
pressure 242.210 2.667
Earthquake
Horizontal
force 61.268 4.500
surcharge 62.506 4
Ph= 365.984

Sliding force = 365.984 kN

Overturning Moment = 1171.625 kN-m

VERTICAL LOADS
W1 = wt. of rectangular portion of stem, per metre length.
W2= wt. of triangular portion of stem
W3 = wt. of base slab.
W4 = wt. of soil on heel slab.
W5 = wt due to surcharge

S.No Designation Force(kN)

1 W1 56.25
2 W2 9.375
3 W3 58
4 W4 459
5 W5 68
ΣW= 650.625

ΣW.x= Net moment at toe

x= 1.99
eccentricity e = 0.91
Max pressure P(max) = 217.536 <
P(min) = 6.818 >
F.O.S against overturning 2.106 >
F.O.S against sliding =
Sliding force = 365.984
Resisting force = 325.313
F.O.S = 0.889 <
Hence Shear key is Required

Design of stem
Pressure at base of stem (P) = 60.553 kN-m^2
At support Mu = -68.122 kN-m
At mid span Mu = 34.061 kN-m
At support
Mu/bd^2 = 0.556
pt = 0.143 %
 Ast required = 500.5 mm^2
Ast provided = 1339.733 mm^2
At mid span
Mu/bd^2 = 0.278
pt 0.07 %
Provide pt 0.12%
Ast required 420 mm^2
Ast provided 436.11 mm^2
Distribution Steel in stem
Avg. thickness of stem 350 mm
provide minimum 0.12% steel of bD
Ast required 420 mm^2
Ast provided 436.111 mm^2
Check for shear
Max. shear at the face of counterfort
Vu 118.077 kN
τv 0.337 N/mm2
pt 0.383 %
τc 0.422 N/mm2

τc > τv

Check for Development Length

S.f at point of contraflexure
V 55.103 kN
Vu 82.654 kN
Mu/Vu+Lo>=Ld
762.088 >

these bars must be extended upto a point

distance Lo beyond the point of contraflexure
i.e 0.15L+350 740 mm
extend till 750 mm
Connection of stem with counterfort
Horizontal pressure at depth 7.5 52.739
total s.f at 7.5 137.122
factored s.f 205.683
Ast required for two legged stirrup 472.835
Ast required for one leg of stirrup 236.418
ast provided for one legged stirrup 279.111
ast provided for two legged stirrup 558.222

Horizontal pressure at depth 4.5 31.644

total s.f at 4.5 82.273
factored s.f 123.410
Ast required for two legged stirrup 283.701
Ast required for one leg of stirrup 141.851
ast provided for one legged stirrup 157
 ast provided for two legged stirrup 314

for 0-3mtr height from bottom, provide 8Φ- 2

legged stirrup @160c/c
for 3-7.5mtr height from bottom, provide 6Φ-
2 legged stirrup @140c/c
=
Design of toe slab =
total downward force = self wt. of toe slab
= 12.5 kN/m
pressure at toe
5.8 = 210.718
3.8 = 138.056
p = 144.874 kN/m^2
B.M at critical section = 361.630
Mu = 542.446
Mu/bd^2 = 2.170
pt = 0.531
Ast Required = 2655 mm^2
Ast provided = 2854.55 mm^2
Distribution steel =
Provide 12% =
Ast required = 600 mm^2
Ast provided = 654.167 mm^2
Check for Shear =
S.F at Critical Shear = 337.410
factored s.f Vu = 506.115
τv = 1.01 N/mm^2
pt = 0.714
τc = 0.55
=
τc < τv

in this case pt req. τc=τv=1.03

pt = 0.755
Ast required = 3775 mm^2
Ast provided = 4088.541666667 mm^2
Development length = 1175

Design of heel slab

Width of Heel 3.4
total downward pressure wt of backfill+ wt of heel slab+ wt of surcharge
167.5
Pressure at heel
5.8 210.718
3.4 123.524
Pressure at heel 130.342 kN/mm^2
U.V.L acting on heel cosider strip for pressure
calculation
Pressure at heel
3.4 116.376
2.4 82.148
Pressure at heel 128.312 kN/mm^2
Avg. pressure on strip 145.426
Mu at support -163.604 kn/m
Mu at mid span 81.802 kn/m
At Support
Mu/bd^2 0.654
pt 0.181
Vu 283.580
τv 0.567
τv=τc= 0.465
pt 0.46

Ast required = 2316 mm^2

Ast provided = 2415.3846 mm^2
At mid span
Mu/bd^2 0.3272082353
Provide pt 0.12 %
Ast required = 600 mm^2
Ast provided = 603.846 mm^2
Distribution Steel
Provide pt 0.12 %
Ast provided = 785 mm^2

Development length
Mu1/Vu+Lo>=Ld
S.F at point of contraflexure
V 132.338
Vu 198.506
912.088 >

Connection of heel with counterfort

Max S.F
Vu 283.580
Ast required for two legged stirrup 651.909
Ast required for one legged stirrup 325.955
ast provided for one legged stirrup 358.857143
ast provided for two legged stirrup 717.714286

Design of counter fort

tanθ 0.62
θ 31.799
intersecting point tanθ 0.6/intersecting point
0.9677419355

At distance 3 mtr from top

 sinθ 0.527
D 2.090 m
cover 80.000 0.08
d 2.010 m

At distance 5 mtr from top

sinθ 0.527
D 3.143 m
d 3.063 m

At distance 8 mtr from top

sinθ 0.527
D 4.723 m
d 4.643 m

8 M FROM TOP
pressure at base of wall 56.255 kN-m^2
Load on counterfort base 168.766 kN/m
M 1800.169 kNm
Mu 2700.253 kNm
Mu/bd^2 0.313
pt 0.119 %
min pt for a bea with Fe500 0.205 %
Ast required 3807.518 mm^2
Ast provided = 3774.038 mm^2
no. of bars = 7.692
provide 8 nos 25mm.

distance from top= 5

pressure at base of wall 35.160 kN-m^2
Load on counterfort base 105.479 kN/m
M 439.494 kNm
Mu 659.241 kNm
Mu/bd^2 0.176
pt 0.07
min pt for a bea with Fe500 0.205 %
Ast required 2511.834 mm^2
Ast provided = 2242.857 mm^2
no. of bars = 7.143
provide 8 nos 20

distance from top= 3

pressure at base of wall 21.096 kN-m^2
Load on counterfort base 158.218 kN/m
M 237.327 kNm
Mu 355.990 kNm
Mu/bd^2 0.220
pt 0.07
min pt for a bea with Fe500 0.205 %
Ast required 1648.046 mm^2
 Ast provided = 1427.273 mm^2
no. of bars = 4.545
provide 5 nos 20

Check for shear at base

Pressure at= 8m
= 56.255 Kn/m^2
Load on C.F = 168.766 kN-m
V 675.063 kN
B.M at 8 1800.169 Kn-m

Effective shear
Ve=V-M/d*tanθ = 434.695 kN
Vu 652.043 kN
pt 0.203 %
τc 0.323 N/mm^2

Vus 52947.594 N
52.948 kN
Sv = 0.87fyAsvd/Vus
Asv = 100.48 mm^2
Sv = 3833.105 mm c/c

Minimumspacing of stirrup required

Sv 273.18 mm c/c
Provide 280mm c/c

Design of shear key

Assume a shear key at a distance of
Shear key, height = 0.4 m
Width = 0.4 m
h1 = 3 m
where 300mm loose soil not considered
h2 = 4.375 m
So,
Passive Pressure, Pp = Cp * density of soil * (h2^2-h1^2)/2
Pp = 233.712 Kn
FOS sliding = 0.9*(F+Pp)/(Pa2 Cos(∞) + Pa1)
FOS sliding = 1.464 >
Ast = 420

Half the main reinforcement of stem are anchored in key = 669.867

Ast provided = 753.6 mm^2

Ast in shear key = 1423.467

 4.8 - 5.6

- 0.4

wl^2/12

smic action
 moment (kN-m)

645.894

275.707
250.023
Mo = 1171.625

Moment
perpendicular about
distance from toe toe(kN-
(m) m)
2.25 126.5625
2.03 19.0625
2.90 168.2
4.1 1881.9
4 272
MR 2467.73

369.7 SAFE
0 SAFE No tension at base
1.5 SAFE

1.5 NOTSAFE

sp16 pg48
provide 16 dia bars @ 150 c/c at support near counterfort in horizontal direction

< 0.12% minimum

10 dia bars @ 180 c/c

10 dia bars @ 180 c/c

Assume width of c.f 400

l 2600
IS:456-2000 pg 73
X1 (known)= 0.25 Y1 (known 0.36
X (known)= 0.38 Y (unknow 0.42
X2 (known)= 0.50 Y2 (known 0.48

752

kN-m^2
kN
kN
(two leg) mm^2
mm^2
mm^2 8 dia bars @ 180 c/c
mm^2

(two leg) mm^2

mm^2
mm^2 6 dia bars @ 180 c/c
 mm^2

upward pressure downward pressure net pressure

A C A C A
217.5356 144.8743 12.5 12.5 205.0356

20 dia bars @ 110 c/c

10 dia bars @ 120 c/c

X1 (known)= 0.50 Y1 (known 0.48

X (known)= 0.71 Y (unknow 0.55
X2 (known)= 0.75 Y2 (known 0.56

25 dia bars @ 120 c/c

heel slab+ wt of surcharge

upward pressure downward pressure net pressure

D B D B D
 155.036 38.66 201.2 201.2 -46.164

X1 (known)= 0.25 Y1 (known 0.36

X (known)= 0.465 Y (unknow 0.46
X2 (known)= 0.5 Y2 (known 0.48

20 dia bars @ 130 c/c

10 dia bars @ 130 c/c

10 dia bars @ 100 c/c on lower face

470 OK

mm^2
mm^2
mm^2 8 dia bars @ 140 c/c
mm^2
 25 dia bars @ 130 c/c
8 nos.
dia bars

20 dia bars @ 140 c/c

8 nos.
mm dia bars
 20 dia bars @ 220 c/c
5 nos.
mm dia bars

X1 (known)= 0.15 Y1 (known 0.28

X (known)= 0.203197 Y (unknow 0.322558
X2 (known)= 0.25 Y2 (known 0.36

Consider
8 dia- 2 legged stirrup

2 m from toem from toe

1.4 Safe

mm2

12 dia bars @ 150 c/c

753.6

mm2 > 420 mm2

OK
horizontal direction
net pressure
C
132.3743

net pressure
B
-162.54
 Seismic Force Calculation As per IS:1893-2016 clause 6.2

Horizontal force
Fh= αhWm
αh= βIαo
0.0875
Fh= 78.58638

Vertical force
Fv= αvWm
Fh= 112.2663

Fh = Horizontal seismic force to be resisted

αh = Design horizontal seismic coeff.
Wm = Wt. of mass under consideration ignoring reduction due to buoyancy or up
β= Coeff. Depending upon the soil-foundation system
I= Importance factor
αo = horizontal seismic coeff.
αv = Design vertical seismic coeff.
Z 0.24
I 1.5
R 3
Sa/g = 2.5
= 2.5

Ah = 0.15
0.136364 0.166667

Av = 0.1

λ 7.74 9.425 take maximum 9.425

α 0
i 0
δ 17.33
φ 26

1+Av= 1.1
1-Av= 0.9
 cos^2(φ-λ-α)= 0.9186
cosλcos^2αcos(δ+α+λ)= 0.8809
sin(φ+δ)sin(φ-i-λ)= 0.1958
cos(α-i)cos(δ+α+λ)= 0.8929

1+Av*cos^2(φ-λ-α)/cosλcos^2αcos(δ+α+λ)= 1.1471
1-Av*cos^2(φ-λ-α)/cosλcos^2αcos(δ+α+λ)= 0.9386
((1/(1+sqrt((sin(φ+δ)sin(φ-i-λ)/cos(α-i)cos(δ+α+λ)))^2 0.4639

Ca= 0.5321
Ca= 2.0232

take maximum
Ca= 2.0232

cos^2(φ+λ-α)= 0.9186
cosλcos^2αcos(δ+α+λ)= 0.8809
sin(φ-δ)sin(φ+i-λ)= 0.0430
cos(α-i)cos(δ-α+λ)= 0.8929

1+Av*cos^2(φ-λ-α)/cosλcos^2αcos(δ+α+λ)= 1.147
1-Av*cos^2(φ-λ-α)/cosλcos^2αcos(δ+α+λ)= 0.939
((1/(1+sqrt((sin(φ+δ)sin(φ-i-λ)/cos(α-i)cos(δ+α+λ)))^2 0.672

Cp= 1.705837
Cp= 1.395685

take minimum
Cp= 1.395685

Active earth pressure due to surcharge= 303.478

Passive earth pressure due to surcharge= 209.353

Net seismic ACTIVE earth pressure acting= 61.268 kN

eduction due to buoyancy or uplif
degree radians
9.425 0.1645 0.986500803
0 0.0000 1.00
0 0.0000 1.00
17.33 0.3025 0.955
26 0.4538 0.899
cosα 1
cos(α-i) 1
 ANNEXURE FOR WIND FORCE

Basic wind speed is considered as 55 m/s as Fig-1 of IS 875 (Part 3).

Design wind speed: (As per Cl. 5.3, of IS: 875)

Vz = Vb k1 k2 k3

Where,

Vz = Design wind speed at any height z in m/s;

Vb = Basic wind speed = 55 m/s

k1 = Probability factor (Risk co-efficient) = 1

(From Table 1, for power plant structures)

k2 = Terrain, height and structure size factor = As given in the table

(From Table 2, for Terrain Category 2,
Class A)

k3 = Topography factor = 1.0

(From Cl. 5.3.3.1, considering ground
slop less than 3°)

Design wind pressure, Pz = 0.6 Vz²

Where,

Pz = Design wind pressure in N/m² at height z.

Vz = Desing wind velocity in m/s at height z.

WIND PRESSURE ON VARIOUS COMPONENTS ON THE EXPOSED AREA:

[Exposed area means effective frontal area ‘Ae’ as indicated in Cl. 6.3; IS: 875 (Part 3)]

The wind force on that particular component shall be obtained by multiplying the frontal area ‘Ae’ of that
component with the respective wind pressure values as below:

Wind Pressure based on height of structure:

(Without force co-efficient)

The co-efficient shall be as per Table-4, IS: 875 (Part 3) based on the H/B ratio.

Vz Pz Pz
Height (m) k2
(m/s) (N/m²) (kg/m²)

Upto 10m 0.91 50.05 1503 151

Horizontal load due to wind on boundary wall

Height of boundary wall = 5 m

thickness of boundary wa= 0.40 m
length of boundary wall = 1 m
b/h = 0.2

Cf = 1.2

F = Cf*A*Pz = 1.2x2.5x1x1.51
= 9.06 KN

Vertical load of boundary wall

= .23x25x2.5
= 14.4 KN