CIGARETTE

A. The cigarette’s definition

A Cigarette (French "small cigar", from cigare + -ette) is a small roll of finely cut
tobacco leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at
one end and allowed to smoulder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held
in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well. Most modern
manufactured cigarettes are filtered and include reconstituted tobacco and other additives.

The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but can apply to
similar devices containing other herbs, such as cannabis. A cigarette is distinguished from
a cigar by its smaller size, use of processed leaf, and paper wrapping, which is normally
white, though other colors are occasionally available. Cigars are typically composed
entirely of whole-leaf tobacco.

B. History of Cigarette
The earliest forms of cigarettes have been attested in Central America around the 9th
century in the form of reeds and smoking tubes. The Maya, and later the Aztecs, smoked
tobacco and various psychoactive drugs in religious rituals and frequently depicted
priests and deities smoking on pottery and temple engravings. The cigarette, and the
cigar, was the most common method of smoking in the Caribbean, Mexico and Central
and South America until recent times.[10]

C. Part of Cigarette

Diagram of a cigarette.
1. Filter made of 95% cellulose acetate.
2. Tipping paper to cover the filter.
3. Rolling paper to cover the tobacco.
4. Tobacco blend.
*Paper
Main article: Cigarette paper

The paper for holding the tobacco blend may vary in porosity to allow ventilation of the burning
ember or contain materials that control the burning rate of the cigarette and stability of the
produced ash. The papers used in tipping the cigarette (forming the mouthpiece) and surrounding
the filter stabilize the mouthpiece from saliva and moderate the burning of the cigarette as well
as the delivery of smoke with the presence of one or two rows of small laser-drilled air holes.[17]

*Tobacco blend

The tobacco end of a cigarette

The process of blending gives the end product a consistent taste from batches of tobacco grown
in different areas of a country that may change in flavor profile from year to year due to different
environmental conditions.[24]

Modern cigarettes produced after the 1950s, although composed mainly of shredded tobacco
leaf, use a significant quantity of tobacco processing by-products in the blend. Each cigarette's
tobacco blend is made mainly from the leaves of flue-cured brightleaf, burley tobacco, and
oriental tobacco. These leaves are selected, processed, and aged prior to blending and filling. The
processing of bright leaf and burley tobaccos for tobacco leaf "strips" produces several by-
products such as leaf stems, tobacco dust, and tobacco leaf pieces ("small laminate"). [24] To
improve the economics of producing cigarettes, these by-products are processed separately into
forms where they can then be possibly added back into the cigarette blend without an apparent or
marked change in the cigarette's quality. The most common tobacco by-products include:

Blended leaf (BL) sheet: a thin, dry sheet cast from a paste made with tobacco dust collected
from tobacco stemming, finely milled burley-leaf stem, and pectin.[25]

Reconstituted leaf (RL) sheet: a paper-like material made from recycled tobacco fines, tobacco
stems and "class tobacco", which consists of tobacco particles less than 30 mesh in size
(~0.599 mm) that are collected at any stage of tobacco processing. [26] RL is made by extracting
the soluble chemicals in the tobacco by-products, processing the leftover tobacco fibers from the
extraction into a paper, and then reapplying the extracted materials in concentrated form onto
the paper in a fashion similar to what is done in paper sizing. At this stage ammonium additives
are applied to make reconstituted tobacco an effective nicotine delivery system. [1]
 
Expanded (ES) or improved stems (IS): ES are rolled, flattened, and shredded leaf stems that are
expanded by being soaked in water and rapidly heated. Improved stems follow the same process
but are simply steamed after shredding. Both products are then dried. These two products look
similar in appearance but are different in taste. [24]

Whole tobacco can also be processed into a product called expanded tobacco. The tobacco is
"puffed", or expanded, by saturating it with supercritical carbon dioxide and heating the CO2
saturated tobacco to quickly evaporate the CO2. This quick change of physical state by the CO2
causes the tobacco to expand in a similar fashion as polystyrene foam. This is used to produce
light cigarettes ("Lights") by reducing the density of the tobacco and thus maintain the size of a
cigarette while reducing the amount of tobacco used in each cigarette.[24]

D. The Content of Cigarette’s Smoke

Negative consequences of smoking, in fact had begun at the time a new person started
smoking. In a smoldering cigarette smoke because it sucked, tobacco burned less than perfect so
as to produce CO (carbon mono-oxide), which in addition to its own smoke, tar and nicotine
(which occurs also from the burning of tobacco) is inhaled into the airway.

CO., Tar, and Nicotine affects the nerve that causes:

- Nervousness, shaky hands (tremor)
- Taste / decreased appetite
- Pregnant mothers who like to smoke to the possibility of miscarriage abortion

Tar and Smoke

Tar and cigarette smoke stimulates airway, and the tar is buried canals that lead to:
- Cough-cough or shortness of breath
- Tar attached to the airway can cause airway cancer,
tongue or lips

Nicotine
Nicotine stimulates the rise of adrenal hormones which causes the kidneys of children:
- Heart palpitations
- Increases blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the blood,
pliers closely with the occurrence of heart attack

Gas CO (Carbon Mono Oxide)

CO gas was also negatively affect the airway of blood vessels.
Carbon mono oxide is more easily bound to hemoglobin than oxygen
Therefore, the blood of people who possessed a lot of CO, will be reduced for power transports
oxygen and people can die of carbon mono-oxide poisoning. In a smoker is not going to happen
CO poisoning, but the effect of CO is inhaled by the smoker with little by little, slowly but surely
would negatively impact on the airway and the blood vessels.

E. The Negative Effects of Cigarettes

1. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals of which 200 of them poisonous and
43 other types can cause cancer in the body. Some substances that are dangerous are tar,
nicotine, carbon monoxide, etc..

2. Cigarette smoke is just dead on an ashtray containing three times the cancer-triggering
substances in the air and 50 times contain pengeiritasi eyes and breathing. The shorter the
higher levels of cigarette toxins that are ready to float into the air. A place filled with
cigarette smoke pollution is a more dangerous place than pollution on the streets are
jammed highway.

3. Someone who tried smoking usually because cigarettes are addictive opiate that is
difficult released under any circumstances. A heavy smoker will choose to smoke than eat
if their money is limited.