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An Introduction to the Finite Element Method

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(An Introduction to the Finite Element Method)

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 ‫ی‍‪‍،‍-‍1361‍،‬گردآيروذٌ‬
‫ضاو‍‍ع‍ل ‍‬
‫‪‍،‬رم ‍‬
‫ی ‍‬ ‫الئ ‍‬
‫ًک ‍‬
‫ری‍‍ت‍ل ‍‬ ‫‪‍ :‬‬
‫ج‍ع‍ف ‍‬ ‫سرشىاسٍ‬
‫مقذمٍای‍بر‍ريش‍اجسا‍محذيد;‍‍( ‪An introduction to the finite element‬‬
‫‍‬ ‫‪‍:‬‬ ‫‍عىًان‍ي‍وام‍پذيذآير‬
‫‬‬
‫تلًکالئی‪.‬‬ ‫‍‬
‫گردآيری‍ي‍تذييه‍رمضاوعلی‍جعفری‬ ‫‪‍ method‬‬
‫)‪‍/‬‬
‫اوتشارات‍وًريزی‪.‬1397‍،‬‬
‫‍‬ ‫‪ :‬گرگان‪‍:‬‬ ‫‍مشخصات‍وشر‬
‫‬‬
‫مصًر‍(روگی)‪‍،‬جذيل‪‍،‬ومًدار‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ ‍540 :‬‬
‫ص‪‍:‍.‬‬ ‫‍مشخصات‍ظاَری‬
‫‪978-622-02-0047-5 :‬‬ ‫‍شابک‬
‫‪ :‬فیپا‬ ‫‍يضعیت‍فُرست‍وًيسی‬
‫‬‬
‫کتابىامٍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‍ :‬‬ ‫‍يادداشت‬
‫‪7 1397‬ :‬جر‪‍‬TA‍347/9‬‬ ‫‍ردٌ‍بىذی‍کىگرٌ‬
‫‪00151825/620‍‬ :‬‬ ‫‍ردٌ‍بىذی‍ديًيی‬
‫‪‬ 5338908 :‬‬ ‫‍شمارٌ‍کتابشىاسی‍ملی‬

‫مقذمهای بر روش اجسا محذود‬

‫مؤلف‪ :‬رمضانعلی جعفری تلوکالئی‬
‫نوبت چاپ‪ :‬اول‪7931 -‬‬
‫مشخصات ظاهری‪ 045 :‬ص‬
‫قطع‪ :‬وزیری‬
‫شمارگان‪ 055 :‬جلذ‬
‫شماره شابك‪319-200-50-5541-0 :‬‬
‫حروفچینی و صفحهآرایی‪ :‬تایپ نگارش دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل‬
‫چاپ‪ :‬انتشارات نوروزی‪53770151172 -‬‬
‫نشر‪ :‬دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل‬
‫قیمت‪ 40555 :‬تومان‬
‫«کلیّه حقوق برای دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل محفوظ است»‬

‫بابل‪-‬خ دکتر شریعتی‪ ،‬دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل‪ ،‬حوزه معاونت پژوهشی‬
 (Contents)
13 (Chapter 1: Introduction) :
13 -1-1
(Preface and a brief history of finite element)
15 "# $% & ! -2-1
(Introduction to the matrix notation)
17 "% ( ") * + , -3-1
(Local and global coordinate systems)
18 / 0) 12 -4-1
(General steps in the finite element method)
25 4 $5 6 & 7 -5-1
(Applications of the finite element method)
25 4 $5 / 69 -6-1
(Advantages of the finite element method)
26 4 $5 / & : ; 7 6 % & -7-1
(Computer programs for the finite element method)

27 (Chapter 2: Spring Element) :

27 !
(Introduction)
27 " , < 0 = -1-2
(Definition of the stiffness matrix)
28 >? 4 $5 @ " , < A, -2-2
(Derivation of stiffness matrix for spring element)
35 >? + , 17 *B = A, 9( %:$% C D -3-2
Example for calculating the total equations of spring )
(structure
38 E ! # " , / + , & 17 " , < 4 7 1A$, -4-2
 FG H$
Assembling the total stiffness method using the direct )
(stiffness method or superposition
40 I J C $K -5-2
(Applying the boundary conditions)
52 >? 4 $5 *B = A, 1 #% M % / -6-2
Potential energy approach to derive the spring element )
(equations
59 (Problems) * > $

65 (Chapter 3: Trusses) : !
65 !
(Introduction)
66 ") * ) 4 $5 " , < O , -1-3
Derivation of stiffness matrix for a bar element in local )
(coordinate
72 64 P Q & R ! H& : S % -2-3
(Selection of approximate functions for displacement)
74 =& 6 & 1 A -3-3
(Transformation of vectors in two dimensions)
77 & ? T U ) 4 $5 @ & "% ( " , < -4-3
V +: 5
Global stiffness matrix for a bar element arbitrary )
(oriented in the plane
81 − V ) @ & W> A, -5-3
(Computation of stress for a bar in the − plane)
82 V X @ 12 -6-3
(Solution of a plane truss)
91 =& , Y? ) 4 $5 " , < 1 A < -7-3
Transformation matrix and stiffness matrix for a bar in )
(three dimensional space
100 + , 4 ! + , -8-3
(Use of symmetry in the structure)
104 R 1 6 + T P -9-3
(Inclined or Skewed Supports)
111 ) 4 $5 *B = A, & 1 #% M % R ! -10-3
Potential energy approach for deriving the bar element )
(equations
123 ) Z U 12 & 4 $5 12 # ! -11-3
Comparison of finite element solution with exact )
(solution
128 A, 4G + , [ 7 )T 4 + % "U & / -12-3
) =& @ 4 $5 *B =
Galerkin’s weighted residual method and its use to derive )
(the one dimensional bar element equations
131 ) & (%G & 7 4 + % "U & 6/ -13-3
Other weighted residual method and their application for )
(a bar
136 ") ) 6/ + , & 6) G * J = 1 ) -14-3
4 $5
Free vibration analysis of bars using the analytical and )
(finite element methods
147 ) B& A 64 $5 -15-3
(Higher order bar elements)
149 Q H\! ]\, & ) 4 $5 -16-3
(Bar element with variable cross section)
152 *> $
(Problems)

185 Chapter 4: ) %& '( ! & : " #$

(Development of Beam Equations
185 !
(Introduction)
186 (Beam Stiffness) " , -1-4
(Beam stiffness)
194 " , < 4 7 1A$, "5 D -2-4
(Example of assemblage of beam stiffness matrices)
196 1 71) "5 D -3-4
(Example of a complete analysis of the beam)
207 + #T ^T & -4-4
(Distributed Loading)
223 & Z U 12 & 4 $5 12 # ! -5-4
Comparison of the finite element solution to the exact )
(solution for a beam
230 + T [ & 4 $5 -6-4
(Beam element with nodal hinge)
239 4 $5 *B = A, 1 #% M % R ! -7-4
Potential energy approach to derive the beam element )
(equations
243 4 $5 *B = A, & [ 7 )T / -8-4
Galerkin’s method for deriving the beam element )
(equations
245 + , 1 ) _:( -9-4
(Concept of Substructure Analysis)
249 9& F H\! ]\, & "5:% &- ) G * J = 1 ) -10-4
Free vibration analysis of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with )
(uniform cross section
256 B& A 64 $5 -11-4
(Higher order element)
259 :P>J:$ :` a , & " , < -12-4
Stiffness matrix of a beam based on the Timoshenko )
(beam theory
271 *> $
(Problems)

287 (Chapter 5: Frame Equations) ) * '( :+,

287 !
(Introduction)
287 +: 5 & ? T U 4 $5 -1-5
(Arbitrary oriented beam element)
291 R)V V S U " 6C D -2-5
(Examples of rigid plane frames)
311 R 1 + T P & S U -3-5
(Frame With Inclined or Skewed Supports)
312 *> $
(Problems)

331 2 ./0 1 & 2 3 4/! '( ! & :+56

2 ./0 17 8
(Chapter 6: Development of the Plane Stress and Plane
Strain Stiffness Equations)
331 !
332 * V V4 & V4 61PJ Q -1-6
 (In-plane and out-of-plane deformations of the plates)
333 V W% 7 V W> ", , E 6 -2-6
(Basic concepts of plane stress and plane strain)
342 9& F W% 7 "D)D 4 $5 & *B = " , < O , -3-6
Derivation of the stiffness matrix and equations for the )
(constant strain triangular element
359 " \, "$b2 6 % 1 ) +: % -4-6
(Treatment of body and surface forces)
365 9& F W% 7 "D)D 4 $5 " , < & ] V * AK -5-6
Explicit expression for the constant strain triangular )
(element
366 V W> 5 # & 4 $5 c, -6-6
(Finite element solution of a plane stress problem)
378 (Q4 d ( "\X 1 \ # ) ") \ # V 4 $5 -7-6
(Rectangular plane element (Bilinear rectangle, Q4))
385 *> $
(Problems)

395 %:.& " ;:4 " < 7 2 %9" 8 3 :+4/

.
(Chapter 7: Using the MATLAB Software in the Finite
Element Analysis)
395 !
(Introduction)
395 R) ?_ % & ! -1-7
(An introduction to the MATLAB software)
406 9& F H\! ]\, & ) G * J = "P , 1 ) -2-7
Static and free vibrational analysis of a bar with uniform )
(cross section
406 ) "P , 1 ) -1-2-7
(Static analysis of a bar)
412 ) G * J = 1 ) -2-2-7
(Free vibrational analysis of a bar)
418 Q H\! ]\, & ) G * J = "P , 1 ) -3-7
Static and free vibrational analysis of a bar with variable )
(cross section
418 Q H\! ]\, & ) "P , 1 ) -1-3-7
(Static analysis of a bar with variable cross section)
425 Q H\! ]\, & ) G * J = 1 ) -2-3-7
Free vibrational analysis of a bar with variable cross )
(section
427 V 6 X G * J = "P , 1 ) -4-7
(Static and free vibrational analysis of a plane truss)
427 V 6 X "P , 1 ) -1-4-7
(Static analysis of a plane truss)
434 V 6 X G * J = 1 ) -2-4-7
(Free vibrational analysis of a plane truss)
437 H\! ]\, & "5:% &- ) G *J= "P , 1 ) -5-7
9& F
Static and free vibrational analysis of an Euler-Bernoulli )
(beam with uniform cross section
437 9& F H\! ]\, & "5:% &- ) "P , 1 ) -1-5-7
Static analysis of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with uniform )
(cross section
442 9& F H\! ]\, & "5:% &- ) G * J = 1 ) -2-5-7
Free vibrational analysis of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with )
(uniform cross section
449 "5:% &- ) A * J = 1 ) -6-7
(Forced vibration analysis of an Euler-Bernoulli beam)
463 "!? e @ & "5:% &- ) A * J = 1 ) -7-7
Forced vibration analysis of an Euler-Bernoulli beam )
(with horizontal crack
496 *> $
(Problems)

501 ?%@7 " < 7 > = /4! 3 => ! %:.& :+45

(Chapter 8: Structural Analysis Using ANSYS
Software)
501 !
(Introduction)
502 V X "P , 1 ) -1-8
(Static analysis of a plane truss)
510 V X "J = 1 ) -2-8
(Vibrationl analysis of a plane truss)
512 Q H\! ]\, & ) "J = "P , 1 ) -3-8
Static and vibrational analysis of a bar with variable cross )
(section
516 9& F H\! ]\, & "J = "P , 1 ) -4-8
Static and vibrational analysis of a beam with uniform )
(cross section
519 *> $
(Problems)

521 ;A4 '( ! 3 B!

(Answers to the selected problems)
539 (References) CD
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Logan, D.L., A First Course in the Finite Element Method, Global
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! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
FEM: Finite Element Method!
2
FEA: Finite Element Analysis!
3
Analytical Methods!
4
Semi-Analytical Methods!
5
Essential or Kinematics Boundary conditions!
6
Natural or Kinetics Boundary Conditions!
! '()*( :!"# $%& 14
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7
Finite Element!
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Node!
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Discretization!
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Assemble!
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Piecewise!
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