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PDVSA

ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL


VOLUME 4–I

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA N° TITLE
N–352 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR
LIQUID–IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS
UP TO 230 KV AND 60 MVA (OA)

0 OCT.00 APPROVED 23 Y. K. A. A. E. C.

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PAG. REV. APPD. APPD.

APPD. Alexis Arévalo DATE OCT.00 APPD. Enrique Carmona DATE OCT.00

1994 ESPECIALISTAS
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA N–352
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Index
SECTION 1 GENERAL
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Economic Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Data to be Submitted by Bidder / Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 Guarantee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6 Spare Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7 Preparation for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
SECTION 2 (BASED ON IEEE C57.12.00 – 1993)
4 SERVICE CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.1 Usual Service Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3 Unusual Service Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 RATING DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1 Cooling Classes of Transformers (Exception) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6 CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.6 Liquid Insulation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7 SHORT – CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.5 Windings Material (Addition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8 TESTING AND CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.1 General (Adidition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.2 Routine, Design, and Other Tests for Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SECTION 3 (BASED ON ANSI C57.12.10 – 1988)
4 RATING DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5 Taps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5 CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.1 Accesories (Addition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 Bushing (Addition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.5 Ground Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.7 Liquid Preservation (Exception) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.8 Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.9 Auxiliary Cooling Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7 ALARM CONTACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.1 Alarm List (Addition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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7.2 Control Cabinet (Addition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15


7.3 Annunciator and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8 OTHER RATINGS (EXCEPTION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9 OTHER CONSTRUCTION FEATURES – GENERAL
(EXCEPTION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10 OTHER CONSTRUCTION FEATURES – LOAD – TAP –
CHANGING EQUIPMENT (EXCEPTION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11 NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR (NEW CLAUSE) . . . . . . . . . . 16
11.1 Basic Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11.2 Temperature Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11.3 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11.4 Installation and Maintenance Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11.5 Nameplate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
11.6 Tagging and Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
11.7 Tests for Neutral Grounding Resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
12 PRIMARY COMPARTMENT (NEW CLAUSE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
APPENDIX “A” OWNER’S TRANSFORMER DATA SHEET . . . . . . . . 19
APPENDIX “B” DESVIATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS TAKEN BY BIDDER 23
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SECTION 1 GENERAL

1 SCOPE
This specification covers Particular Requirements for the design, manufacture,
testing and shipment of Liquid–Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating
Transformers as detailed in:
1. IEEE Std. C57.12.00 – 1993 ”Standard General Requirements for
Liquid–Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers”.
2. ANSI Std. C57.12.10 – 1988 (230 kV and below 833/958 through
8333/10417 kVA, single–phase, and 750/862 through 60000/80000/100000
kVA, three–phase without load tap changing; and 3750/4687 through
60000/80000/100000 kVA with load tap changing–safety requirements).
The Transformers are for use in oil refineries, gas plants, chemical plants,
exploration and production facilities, and supply/marketing installations owned by
PDVSA.
This specification along with Appendix “A” (“Owner’s Transformer Data Sheet”)
and the requirements of the afore mentioned ANSI/IEEE standards shall be
considered complementary. Any conflict among them shall be referred to Owner
for clarification before proceeding with the design and manufacture. This
specification shall be used for new or replacement transformers as specified in
Appendix “A” (“Owner’s Transformer Data Sheet”).
Owner shall specify in Appendix “A” when a transformer is to be used as a captive
transformer and load characteristics. When the load is a motor, Owner shall
specify motor rating, type of starting, magnitude of starting currents, number of
starts and intervals between starts. The transformer shall be designed and
constructed to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses of the specified
duty; in this case: for a number of energizing operations equal to the number of
motor starts expected plus one. BIDDER must return Appendix “A” with all data
required for the evaluation in the bidding process.
This specification consists of three sections. Section 1 includes general
information related to transformer’s requirements. Section 2 and Section 3 are
amendments, supplements or additions to IEEE C57.12.00 and ANSI C57.12.10,
respectively. Clauses that are not mentioned shall be applicable as written. The
word “should” in the mentioned standards must be substituted by “shall” and,
therefore, considered mandatory.
Sections 2 and 3 are intended to:
– Make selections from the options given in the ANSI/IEEE standards.
– Specify additional or more stringent requirements, to operate and maintain
transformers according to PDVSA practices.
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The Section 2 requirements of this specification are additions and/or exceptions


to IEEE Std. C57.12.00. Correspondingly, Section 3 refers to ANSI C57.12.10. It
is clearly understood that sections, paragraphs, clauses tables or figures of those
standards not mentioned in this specification have been adopted without
changes.

1.2 Exceptions
Bidder shall state in his offer either that the transformers comply with the
requirements of this Specification without exceptions, or specify the exceptions
and/or deviations with a clear explanation of proposed options (see Appendix B).
If permitted in the requisition, the Bidder may present alternative proposals if they
offer economic or technical advantage, but such proposals shall be in addition to
the contractual offer.

1.3 Economic Evaluation


Transformers will be evaluated on the basis of guaranteed total losses, auxiliary
power requirements of cooling equipment, and installation cost.
In the bid evaluation procedure, each loss evaluation figure will be multiplied by
its respective guaranteed loss value in kW, and the resulting figures will be added
to the bid price to give a total evaluated price for bid comparison.

1.3.1 Penalization for losses


If the Owner should decide to accept the equipment, in spite of the fact that the
guaranteed figures plus tolerances as specified are not met, the following
penalties shall apply.

1.3.1.1 Losses in excess of the guaranteed values


If at the time of the acceptance tests, the sum of the no–load loss at 20 ºC, at rated
power and frequency, plus the load loss at 85 ºC at full load, exceed the
guaranteed value plus the established tolerances in IEEE C57.12.00, each kW in
excess will be penalized at the rate of 1.700 US $. If losses exceed the guaranteed
value plus tolerances by more than 10%, the equipment will be rejected.

1.3.1.2 Losses due to heating


If guaranteed power has to be reduced, in order to maintain temperature rises
within the specified ranges, either in windings or in oil, a penalization of 1.000 US
$ for each kilovoltampere of power reduction shall apply. In case of a guaranteed
power reduction of more than 3%, the transformer will be automatically rejected.
The amount of the penalization will be discounted from contractual payments.
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1.4 Data to be Submitted by Bidder / Manufacturer

P A F Description
Man–hours cost for erecting or/and commisioning if requested in
X
Appendix A (“Owner’s Transformer Data Sheet”).
Appendix “A” (“Owner’s Transformer Data Sheet”) of this specification,
X
properly completed and signed by final Manufacturer.
A complete list of deviations to the technical specifications in Appendix “B”
X
(Deviations And Exceptions Taken By Bidder).
A complete description of transformers and auxiliary equipment, including
X drawings, sketches and any other information needed to make the
description as complete and clear as possible.
Outline drawings showing dimensions and location of accessories and
X
largest over–all dimensions.
Complete description of principle of operation and functioning
X
characteristics of the tap–changer.
X Drawings of cable junction box describing its NEMA enclosure.
X A preliminary test schedule, including description of test facilities.
X Information concerning similar transformers made by the BIDDER.
X List of proposed spare parts indicating prices.
X Maintenance procedures to insure long life insulation .
The Manufacturer shall send all drawings (one reproducible and three
X copies) with updated field information (as built). Additionally one electronic
copy is required.
Layout and dimensions of the transformer, layout of windings and
X insulators.
Outline drawings of the transformer including all accesories, location of
X instruments, valves, etc.
Layout and cross sections of windings, insulators, bushings, (including
elevation related to ground level), piping and throws, coolers, cable
X junction boxes, neutral ground resistor (if required), space between axis,
etc.
Layout, details and description of the tap changer and all actuating
X mechanisms.
Electrical drawings, functional and wiring diagrams of all components and
X auxiliary systems, control systems and alarm systems.
Drawings and technical characteristics of instruments and protective
devices, preservation systems, mounting details of fan and cooling
X equipments, radiators (including cross sections), control cabinets
(arrangement of equipment and instruments)
X Drawings of all nameplates.
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P A F Description
X Test schedule
One (1) copy on electronic media and one (1) reproducible original on
”mylar” or ”polyester” material and four (4) copies of each drawing, with the
X text in spanish, for each set of equal transformers, having the same
information as above.
Six hard copies and one on electronic media of the instruction manual for
the transformer, cooling systems, oil preservation systems, instruments
and protective devices, bushings, tap–changer mechanism, junction
boxes including complete technical description table of constructive
aspects of the transformer with all its equipment, instruments and
accessories, drawings list, instructions for assembly, installing and start
up, including a tentative schedule for installation, special
recommendations, description of neccesary reception tests according to
X specification requirements and Manufacturer’s recommendations,
instructions for inland transportation of the transformer, operation
instructions including a detailed description of the transformer functioning
and instructions for loading, maintenance instructions with chronogram of
activities of preventive maintenance, instructions for the eventual
replacement of any part that could be damaged during the transformer
operation and the technical documentation related with transformer’s
accesories and instruments.
X Test report
As built drawings (one reproducible and six hard copies) and one copy on
X and electronic media of the same information.

P Bidder shall furnish these documents with proposal.


A Manufacturer shall furnish these documents for Owner’s review and
authorization to proceed before fabrication.
F Manufacturer shall furnish these documents as part of the equipment.

1.5 Guarantee
Manufacturer shall furnish transformers and its accessories of proper design and
construction, electrically and mechanically suitable for the particular operating
and service conditions as specified in Appendix A (“Owner’s Transformer Data
Sheet”).
The equipment and its accessories shall be constructed using materials of first
quality and of good workmanship.
All items must be free of flaws that could jeopardize safety, good operation and
life cicle of the equipment.
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Manufacturer accepts to replace or repair (without cost to PDVSA) with the


minimum possible delay, any piece which may fail or which becomes unsuitable
for use subsequent to any failure traceable to items supplied by him.
Manufacturer will indemnifie the Owner against all costs which may be incurred
due to a failure of his equipment, such as modification or replacement of
foundations which may have been damaged by such failures or due to an error
on his part or of his personnel or of his subcontractors.
In general, pieces may not be repaired or replaced without the approval of
PDVSA. Any part repaired or replaced will carry a guarantee of 12 months from
the date of satisfactory installation.
Manufacturer shall guarantee his transformers against all faults in materials,
design and construction for a period not less than 18 months from PDVSA’s
reception date.
If requested in Appendix “A”, installation must be supervised by a Manufacturer’s
specialist.

1.6 Spare Parts


Bidder shall quote, as part of the offer but on an independant base, a list of the
recommended spare parts for commissioning and two (2) years of operation,
including quantities and unit prices.
Owner will decide items and quantities, if any, to be purchased. Availability of
spare parts for the assembly shall be guaranteed for 10 years in Venezuela.

1.7 Preparation for Shipment


Imported transformers shall be prepared for marine shipping with adequate
packing, taking precautions for the protection of all protruding elements and
accessories.
It shall be dispatched from the factory filled with dry nitrogen with positive
pressure. This pressure shall be maintained during transportation by one or more
cylinders of compressed nitrogen, temporarily connected to the tank by valves
that automatically compensate pressure losses.
The system will include manometers and safety valves which shall be rigidly fitted
to the main tank and properly protected. Likewise, it shall be equipped with an
accelerometer that prints the accelerations experimented by the transformer
during transportation.
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The bushings, radiators, cooling equipment, conservator, cabinets, instruments


and external accessories shall be packed separately from the main tank in closed
boxes that protect them against handling impacts and outdoor storage.
All parts which could be affected by humidity shall be packed in waterproof
material and put in boxes with desiccant inside to absorb trapped or penetrating
humidity.
The main tank boxes shall be indelibly labeled with the order number and other
identifications specified in the dispatch sheet. Information for handling during,
transportation, hooks location, center of gravity, weight, dimensions, warnings,
etc., shall be indicated.
All boxes shall include a packing list with the list of their contents.
The spare parts if required, shall be adequately packed for perfect conservation
during several years, under normal indoor storage conditions in boxes or separate
packages with indications that clearly identify them as spare parts.
Stresses derived from transport conditions, such as shocks produced during
loading or unloading at ports, vibrations and movements in ships and inland
transport, shall be taken into consideration for the transformer and components.
For not sealed tank transformers, the dielectric oil needed will be supplied by the
Owner.
Manufacturer shall supply the oil needed for testing purposes only.

SECTION 2 (BASED ON IEEE C57.12.00 – 1993)

4 SERVICE CONDITIONS
4.1 Usual Service Conditions
4.1.9 Tank or Enclosure Finish (Addition)

The finishing of all equipment, specially the tank, the conservator, radiators, pipes,
control cabinet, and other accessories exposed to corrosion, shall be
weather–proof, and designed to prevent humidity accumulation.
All external surfaces that require painting shall be cleaned by sandblasting or by
a chemical process, before the application of two coats of oil and weather resistant
paint (zinc chromate), of a color specified in Appendix “A”. The final coat shall be
70 microns thick as a minimum.
The inside surfaces of tanks and other oil reservoirs shall be painted and then an
oil resistant varnish applied according to the Manufacturer’s practices.
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4.3 Unusual Service Conditions


4.3.3 Other Unusual Service Conditions (Addition)
Any unusual service condition that the transformer may be required to withstand
in its operational location must be specified in Appendix “A”.
Unless otherwise specified, the transformer shall be suitable for installation in a
non–hazardous area.

5 RATING DATA
5.1 Cooling Classes of Transformers (Exception)
Water cooled systems are not acceptable.
5.3.2 Scott–Connected or T–Connected Transformers (Exception)
Scott–Connected or T–Connected transformers are not acceptable
5.7.2 Angular Displacement (Nominal) Between Voltages of Windings for
Three–phase Transformers (Exception)
The vector diagram shall be as specified in Appendix “A”.
5.12.2 Nameplates (Exception)
The nameplate information on transformers having automatic load tap changers
shall include the percentage of impedance of the mid–tap voltage ratio at the
self–cooled transformer rating and the minimum and maximum percentages of
impedance corresponding to the minimum and maximum voltage ratios.
Also, the nameplates shall include:
– Purchase Number or Project Number
– Total losses (Watts) at 50, 75, 100 and 125 percent of self–cooled rating
– Exciting current at 100 and 110 percent rated voltage (Amperes or percentage)
– Weight, lb (kg) of the following:
• Core and coils
• Tanks and fittings
• Total assembled transformer including liquid
– Volume of liquid, gal (l)
– Phasor Diagram according to Appendix “A”
5.12.4 Nameplates Identification of Auxiliary Equipment (New Sub–clause)
If required, external nameplates with engraved letters shall be installed to indicate
the equipment tag number and all the accesories, including terminal boxes,
instruments, relays, switches, fuses, breakers, terminal strips, etc.
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5.12.5 Nameplate Construction (New Sub–clause)


Nameplates shall be 316 stainless steel and lettering shall be filled with paint or
laser engraved to improve legibility.
Nameplates enclosed in control boxes shall be three–ply laminated plastic with
engraved lettering, suitable for ambient temperature.
5.12.6 Nameplate Mounting (New Sub–clause)
Nameplates shall be mounted with stainless steel screws.

6 CONSTRUCTION
6.6 Liquid Insulation System
6.6.1 Insulating Liquids (Exception)
Askarel insulating liquids and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) are not acceptable.

7 SHORT – CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS


7.5 Windings Materials (New)
All transformer windings, connections and terminals shall be made of electrical
grade copper with a minimum conductivity of 98% as specified in International
Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) for copper used in electrical conductors
Aluminium material may be acceptable only in the low voltage winding if it is
approved by the Owner. The aluminium to copper transition shall be made in the
insulating liquid using metallurgically bonded transition joints.

8 TESTING AND CALCULATIONS


8.1 General (Addition)
On wittnessed tests, the Manufacturer will notify the Owner with two (2) weeks in
advance.

8.2 Routine, Design, and Other Tests for Transformers


8.2.2 (Exception)
Other test are not required.

SECTION 3 (BASED ON ANSI C.57.12.10 – 1988)

4 RATING DATA
4.5 Taps
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4.5.1 High Voltage Winding Taps for De–energized Operation (Addition)


When a transformer is to be used as a captive transformer, a tap shall be provided
with four (4) steps 2.5 percent above rated voltage each, and four (4) steps 2.5
percent below rated voltage each, if required in Appendix “A”.

5 CONSTRUCTION
5.1 Accesories (Addition)
All accesories shall have identifications in Spanish.
The power transformer shall be equipped with the following special equipments
and accesories, properly calibrated.
– If a conservator tank is indicated in Appendix “A”, a Buchholz or an equipment
combining a gas bubble accumulation detector and oil pressure rise rate relay
shall be installed. It shall have one independant alarm contact and another to
trip the H.V. circuit breaker. A device to take samples of gas, should be fixed
to the connecting tube linking the main oil tank with the conservator, which
should be slightly inclined. Two (2) valves are to be provided, one on each side,
to isolate the device. The Buchholz relay or equivalent instrument will be
designed to prevent false operations in case of momentary disturbances
produced by seismic movements.
– A drain valve and sampling valve for the conservator tank. The functions of
these two (2) valves can be combined in one.
– An open–close valve on the Buchholz connecting pipe, with visual position
indicator.
– A thermal image type coil temperature detector for local control, supplied with
its own current transformer, calibrated to measure the temperature at the
hottest spot of the widings. This instrument should be dial–type, equipped with
independant adjustable contacts to control the cooling systems, the alarm and
trip the H.V. circuit breaker. It will be identified as “TEMPERATURA DE
DEVANADOS”
– A safety valve on the cover of the transformer, to alleviate excessive pressures,
with auto–reset and diaphragm. Oil discharges should be directed so as not to
spray the control cabinet or radiators. This valve shall have an alarm contact
and visual mechanical operation indicator. It shall be designed to operate with
a pressure below the design value for the thank and radiators. This device shall
be designed to prevent entrance of water from rain.
– A drain valve for the main tank, of adequate size to insure the complete
drainage up to a maximum of 25 mm from the tank bottom. All drain valves shall
have standard pipe thread NPT on the discharge side and shall be provided
with protective caps or stops, attached to the body of the valve with a chain to
prevent mislaying.
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– An oil filter valve located close to the base of the tank.


– A valve to sample the oil on the upper part of the tank.
– Two open–close valves with position indicators located in the inlet and outlet
of the oil circuit of each radiator or cooling unit.
All valves are to be filled with an engraved plate in Spanish language indicating
its function. Cast iron is not permitted for valve construction.

5.2 Bushing (Addition)


The insulation level of high – voltage neutral bushing on three–phase
transformers shall be equal to the insulation level of the line bushing.
5.2.4 (Addition)
Bushings shall be tin–plated copper pads with NEMA standard four–hole drillings
(9/16 inches in diameter spaced 1–3/4 inches apart center to center) for the
quantity and type of connections as specified in Appendix “A”.

5.3 Lifting, Moving and Jacking Facilities


5.3.3 Moving Facilities
The transformer shall have appropiated accesories for moving. Selection
between rolling, skidding or other facilities shall be as indicated in Appendix “A”.

5.5 Ground Pads


5.5.2 (Exception)
Transformers up to 2500 kVA shall be provided with two (2) ground pads as
mentioned in 5.5.3.

5.7 Liquid Preservation (Exception)


If a different oil preservation system is needed, a conservator tank shall be used.
Drawings and its operation shall be approved by the Owner.
5.7.1 Sealed Tank System (Addition)
When indicated in Appendix “A”, the Manufacturer shall provide the following
items:
– One or more cylinders, as required, of dry nitrogen conforming to section 6.6.3
of ANSI C57.12.00.
– A high pressure valve and gauge to indicate cylinder pressure.
– Pressure reducing valve and regulator to maintain a positive pressure in the
tank throughout a top oil temperature range of 100°C, provided the internal
pressure does not exceed design tolerable values.
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– Necessary piping and valves to provide for tank purging and content sampling.
– The 25°C oil level shall be indicated by suitable permanent markings on the
tank or by indicating the distance from the oil level to the highest point of the
handhole or manhole flange surfaces on the nameplate.
5.7.2 Conservator / Diaphragm System (Addition)

If the transformer is equipped with a conservator/diaphragm type oil preservation


system, it shall consist of:
– Reservoir shall not be located over the oil cooling equipment.
– A pliable air cell, vented to the atmosphere, sealing the oil in the reservoir from
the atmosphere. The cell shall be vented to the atmosphere via a weatherproof
breather.
– A shutoff valve between expansion tank and main tank to provide for isolation.
The conservator tank capacity between the highest and lowest levels, should not
be less than 7.5% of the total oil volume of cool oil in the transformer and cooling
system. The oil levels shall correspond to operation temperatures.
One side of the conservator tank shall be bolted in order to allow removal for inside
inspection and cleaning.
The conservator tank will be provided with one or two magnetic oil level indicators.
The dehydrating breather will have a container for silicagel and should be
designed such that:
– Humidity is absorbed by the silicagel.
– Outside air does not get in contact with the silicagel.
– Crystal color changes can be easily observed.
– Breather will be installed about 1.5 m from ground level.
The connecting pipe between the oil expansion tank and the transformer tank
shall have two bypass valves and a gas overpressure detector relay, a pipe with
a valve for draining at adequate height to be reached by the operator, and an inlet
valve for filling.
The transformer shall be equipped with a special oil preservation system which
prevents contact with air. To this effect a diaphragm is to be installed on the
conservator tank.
The diaphragm shall be made of nitrite rubber or equivalent material which shall
not be altered by contact with hot oil, and of long duration. The diaphragm is to
be designed so that it will not be subjected to damaging mechanical forces at
maximum or minimum oil levels in the conservator tank. Alarm contacts to indicate
diaphragm damage shall be provided.
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5.8 Tanks
5.8.3 (Exception)
A pressure relief device shall be provided on all transformers.
5.8.5 (Addition)
Tanks, frames, supports and reinforcements, etc., shall be free of sharp
projections and corrugated welding.
5.8.6 (Addition)
All tank connecting flanges shall be provided with gaskets, preferably located
inside a groove or kept in position by tops, to prevent compressing the gaskets.
They should be made of elastic material, resistant and impervious to hot oil.
5.9 Auxiliary Cooling Equipment
5.9.2 Fans (Exception)
Fan motors shall be as required in Appendix “A”. Fuses are not acceptable for
fan motor protection.

7 ALARM CONTACTS
7.1 Alarm List (Addition)
Alarm Trip
– Sudden Pressure Critical
– Bucholz Protection, 1st step Non–Critical
– Bucholz Protection, 2nd step Critical
– Oil temperature, 1st step Non–Critical X
– Oil temperature, 2nd step Critical X
– Coil high temperature Critical
– Main tank low oil level Non–Critical
– Tap changer power supply failure Non–Critical
– Step by step operation failure Non–Critical
– Tap changer low oil level Non–Critical
– Tap changer failure (Buchholz) Critical X
– Cooling system power supply failure Non–Critical
– Fan failure Non–Critical
– Diaphragm failure Non–Critical
– Overload pump Non–Critical
– Internal failure pump Non–Critical
– Oil circulation low pressure Non–Critical
– Control power supply failure for 125 VDC and 125 VAC Critical
– Pressure relief device operation Critical X
The final legends list in Spanish will be approved by the Owner.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA N–352
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7.2 Control Cabinet (Addition)


The control cabinet shall be tropicalized and watertight, fixed to the main tank. In
this cabinet, the control relays, contactors and commutation switches to select the
automatic/manual operation of the cooling system, shall be conveniently located.
The alarm relays of the transformer shall also be located in the control cabinet.
The control wiring of the secondaries of the current transformers and other
instruments and alarms shall be directed to adequate terminal blocks located in
the control cabinet. 20% of the terminal blocks shall be left as spare connection
points for the Owner’s use.
The conductors shall be stranded copper, 105 °C insulated, oil, water and fungi
resistant. All wires external to the control cabinet shall be protected by rigid and/or
flexible corrosion resistant metal conduits.
Secondary terminals of current transformers (if provided) shall be wired up to a
terminal block with short–circuiting links, accesibly located. One side of the
secondary winding of each current transformer shall be connected at this terminal
block to the ground bar.
All wires and terminal blocks shall be fully identified, indicating polarity, phase and
connection point. This identification shall correspond with the associated wiring
diagram.
The terminal blocks for external wiring shall be sized for AWG # 8 wires. The
external wiring will exit the control cabinet at the bottom. Openings to connect rigid
metal conduits will be made in the field.
The control cabinet shall be provided with a thermostat controlled heater, a 120
V duplex receptacle, and an incandescent light activated by a door switch.
The cabinet door shall be hinged and permit access to all the internal equipment.
A metal drawings pocket shall be provided on the door. The door shall have handle
with a padlock.
The fixing method of the control cabinet to the main tank, welded or bolted, shall
not permit accumulation of water or corrosive particles. The control cabinet must
have a protection degree of at least lP64 or NEMA 4X.

7.3 Annunciator and Alarms


When indicated in the Appendix “A”, the transformer shall be equipped with a local
annunciator system for alarms and trip orders, located in the control cabinet of
each transformer.
It shall consist of an annunciator panel with manual reset and visible indication of
operation. The panel shall be divided in two parts, one for critical alarms and the
other for non–critical alarms.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA N–352
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This annunciator shall be designed to operate with 125 V dc supplied by the


Owner and shall be made of sequential integrated circuits cards, flashing lights
and pushbuttons on one unit. Each annunciator shall be provided with the
necessary modules for the alarm as indicated in clause 7.1 As an option, it will be
acceptable to use individual flag alarm relays.
The annunciator will receive the alarm signal from a dry contact, normally open,
of the actuated protection device. When a failure occurs and its correspondent
contact closes, the visual signal on the annunciator should start flashing. Once the
operator acknowledges the alarm, the visual signal will stop flashing and will not
go off until the reset pushbutton is depressed.
For this annunciator system, each alarm signal coming from the actuating
protection devices of the transformer will activate one signaling unit, which shall
be clearly identified. This identification shall have a visible text on the front side
or a symbol of the actuating device. It shall also have a symbol plate of durable
material (bakelite or similar) engraved and located close to the annunciator panel.
The annunciator panel shall be provided with the necessary devices to send a
critical or non–critical external alarm, when any alarm is received in the
annunciator.
All critical or non–critical alarms will be controlled remotely from another panel
located in the Monitoring Control Room of the Substation.

8 OTHER RATINGS (EXCEPTION)


Other ratings are applicable if specified by Owner.

9 OTHER CONSTRUCTION FEATURES – GENERAL


(EXCEPTION)
Provisions of this clause shall not be considered without the Owner’s written
approval.

10 OTHER CONSTRUCTION FEATURES – LOAD – TAP –


CHANGING EQUIPMENT (EXCEPTION)
Provisions of this clause shall not be considered without the Owner’s written
approval.

11 NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR (NEW CLAUSE)


A resistor, when specified in the Appendix “A”, shall be supplied by the
transformer’s Manufacturer and will be solidly connected to the secondary wye
point of power transformers.
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11.1 Basic Construction


The resistors shall be edgewise wound, stainless steel type. Resistor’s elements
shall be covered by vitreous enamel, corrugated ribbon or ceramic and installed
individually or in a specially designed frame. Cast iron grid type is not acceptable.
Resistance elements shall be made of steel with a chrome content of least 12%.
If resistor is installed in a frame, it shall be easly visible and removable. It shall
also be sufficiently ventilated to control admissible temperature rises.
The frame shall be suitable for outdoor use and shall comply with the
requirements of Appendix “A”.
The enclosure shall be provided with one solderless connector for 4/0 AWG
copper cable for grounding. The structural steel members supporting the resistor
elements shall be of stainless steel.

11.2 Temperature Limitations


The resistor shall be capable of dissipating its losses without affecting its
maximum temperature rise, the duration of an over–temperature and the
guaranteed value of electrical resistance.
The maximum temperature rise shall be in accordance with the Appendix “A” and
IEEE Std 32.

11.3 Miscellaneous
The resistor structure and its connectors shall be supplied together with the
transformer. Connectors shall be bolted type, made of a material resistant to the
temperature rating. The diameter of the connector and other characteristics are
indicated in Appendix “A”.
Each outgoing conductor shall terminate in an enclosed entrance bushing
equipped with a # 4/0 AWG pressure type connector.
One two–inch threaded conduit hub shall be provided in the enclosure under each
of the entrance bushings.
Each resistor shall be completely factory–assembled, outdoor type, suitable for
mounting over the cover of the main tank of the transformer and capable of
carrying the specified current for 10 seconds without exceeding in 750 °C over a
40 °C ambient temperature.

11.4 Installation and Maintenance Instructions


Installation and maintenance manuals related to the equipment shall be supplied.
Dimensions, weights and other units of measure to be used for all engineering
data shall be the International System Units (SI).
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA N–352
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11.5 Nameplate
The resistor shall have a visible nameplate with at least the following information:
– Name of Manufacturer
– Serial number
– Name of device
– Type of designation
– Rated resistance at 25° C and temperature factor
– Rated current at constant temperature
– Operating cycle
– Duration of continuous operation
– Rated voltage
– Basic insulation level (BIL)
– Type of use: Outdoor
– Weight
– Manufacturer’s instruction book number or its equivalent.

11.6 Tagging and Marking


Each resistor assembly shall be identified by a permanently attached stainless
steel nameplate showing the equipment number of the Purchase Order. This
nameplate shall be mounted next to the Manufacturer’s nameplate.

11.7 Tests for Neutral Grounding Resistor


Factory test shall follow requirements of IEEE Std 32 and its related standards.
Two (2) copies of the final test report shall be submitted to the Owner with the
equipment.

12 PRIMARY COMPARTMENT (NEW CLAUSE)


When indicated in the Appendix “A”, the primary compartment shall be supplied
in accordance with the attached drawings. Renovable links inside the primary
compartment shall permit isolating the extended section of the primary feeder and
the connection of the main feeder to the bushing transformer.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA N–352
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APPENDIX “A”
OWNER’S TRANSFORMER DATA
PROJECT No. ITEM No.
SHEET 1 4
PAGE OF BY
APPLICABLE TO: PROPOSAL PURCHASE
DATE REVISION
PLANT COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
LOCATION QUANTITY REQUIRED
SERVICE TAG No.

PART 1 GENERAL
NEW TRANSFORMER REPLACEMENT TRANSFORMER: MANUFACTURER: SERIAL #:
MOTOR CAPTIVE TRANSFORMER:  ___________ HP  TYPE OF STARTING: _____________  STARTING CURRENT :___________ A
 NUMBER OF STARTS: _____________  NUMBER OF ENERGIZATION PER HOUR: _________________
INCOMING POWER SUPPLY: SOLIDLY GROUNDED ISOLATED RESISTANCE GROUNDED RESONANT GROUNDED
GUARANTEE (1.5)
SUPERVISION DURING INSTALLATION: REQUIRED NOT REQUIRED

SUPERVISION OF COMMISIONING TESTS: REQUIRED NOT REQUIRED


PART 2 (BASED ON IEEE C57. 12. 00)
SCOPE (1.)

 POWER  DISTRIBUTION

SERVICE CONDITIONS (4.)

MAXIMUM AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (4.1.2.1): 40 °C  OTHER: _______°C

24 HOURS AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (4.1.2.3): 30 °C  OTHER: _______°C

ALTITUDE (4.1.3): 1000 m  OTHER: _______ m

OPERATION TYPE:  OUTDOOR (4.1.7)  INDOOR  STEP–DOWN (4.1.8)  STEP – UP (4.1.8.1)

TANK OR ENCLOSURE FINISH (4.1.9):__________________

OTHER UNUSUAL SERVICE CONDITIONS (4.3.3):

ATMOSPHERE:  CHEMICAL  SALINE  OTHER: ______________________________________________________________________


 SEISMIC CONDITIONS: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 VARIABLE FRECUENCY DRIVES APPLICATION


 PARALELL OPERATION
RATING DATA (5.)
 CORE TYPE: __________________  NUMBER OF WINDINGS _________ WINDINGS MATERIAL: H.V. WINDINGS:_________ COPPER 
L.V. WINDINGS:________
PHASES (5.3):  1Ø  3Ø
TAP CHANGING (5.5.3): ON LOAD:  MANUAL  AUTOMATIC  OFF LOAD

POLARITY OF SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS (5.7.1):  ADDITIVE POLARITY  SUBTRACTIVE POLARITY


VECTOR DIAGRAM (5.7.2):  Dyn1  Dyn11  OTHER: _____________ EXISTING VECTOR DIAGRAM (FOR REPLACEMENT TRANSFORMER): _______
NEUTRAL TERMINALS (5.10.2):  REQUIRED  NOT REQUIRED
NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR (11)
 REQUIRED  NOT REQUIRED
LOCATION: OUTDOOR MOUNTING: ON TRANSFORMER  OTHER: ____________________________

PART 3 (BASED ON ANSI C57.12.10)


HIGH VOLTAGE WINDING TAPS FOR DEENERGIZED OPERATION (4.5.1)
 AS STANDARD  OTHER ______________________________
BUSHINGS (5.2)
HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHING FOR:  OVERHEAD LINES
 CABLE TERMINATION:  ENTERING FROM BELLOW
 AS DRAWING ATTACHED
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APPENDIX “A”
OWNER’S TRANSFORMER DATA
PROJECT No. ITEM No.
SHEET 2 4
PAGE OF BY
APPLICABLE TO: PROPOSAL PURCHASE
DATE REVISION
PLANT
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
LOCATION QUANTITY REQUIRED
SERVICE TAG No.

LOW VOLTAGE BUSHING FOR:  OVERHEAD LINES


 CABLE TERMINATION:  ENTERING FROM BELLOW
 AS DRAWING ATTACHED

 PADS QUANTITY: _______________ TYPE OF CONNECTIONS:  90°  0° (HORIZONTAL)


 OTHER

TRANSFORMER EQUIPED WITH ANNUNCIATOR SYSTEM:  YES  NO

PRIMARY COMPARTMENT (12):


 REQUIRED  NOT REQUIRED
LIQUID PRESERVATION:  SEALED TANK  GAS–INERT SEAL  NITROGEN CILINDER  CONSERVATOR / DIAPHRAGM TANK
MOVING FACILITIES (5.3.3):  STANDARD ROLLER  RAILS ROLLER  SKIDDING  NONE
FANS (5.9.2):  240 V, 1Ø, 60 Hz  460 V, 3Ø, 60 Hz MOTOR TYPE:  TEFC  OTHER:___________________________

MOTOR DRIVE MECHANISM (6.3):  240 V, 1Ø  120 V, 1Ø

REMARKS:

– DESCRIPTION OF COOLING SYSTEM

– DESCRIPTION OF BREATHERS, PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE AND OIL PRESERVATION SYSTEM.

– DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSHINGS INCLUDING DRAWINGS, TOROIDAL CURRENT TRANSFORMERS,
MEASURING AND CONTROL DEVICES.

– COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPLE AND FUNCTIONING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAP–CHANGER.

– INFORMATION CONCERNING SIMILAR TRANSFORMERS MADE BY THE BIDDER.


ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA N–352
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APPENDIX “A”
OWNER’S TRANSFORMER DATA SHEET
REQUIRED GUARANTEED
CLAUSE CHARACTERISTICS UNIT NOTES
BY OWNER BY BIDDER
PART 1
1.3 ECONOMICAL EVALUATION
– NO LOAD LOSS AT 100% OF RATED OF
VOLTAGE kW (1)
– LOAD LOSS AT SELF COOLED RATING: kW (1)
– STAGE ONE COOLING EQUIPMENT POWER: kW (1)
1.4.1 MAN HOURS COST FOR ERECTION US$ (1)
MAN HOURS COST FOR COMMISIONING US$ (1)
1.6 SPARE PARTS AND SPECIAL TOOLS (1)
4.3.3 TOTAL HARMONIC CONTENT %
PART 2
5.1 COOLING CLASSES OF TRANSFORMER:
FIRST STAGE REQUIRED (OA) kVA
SECOND STAGE REQUIRED:
– OA kVA
– FA kVA
– FOA kVA
– OA / FA kVA /
– OA / FA / FOA kVA / /
– OA / FOA / FOA kVA / /
5.4.2 RATED KVA
5.5 VOLTAGE RATINGS AND TAPS
HIGH VOLTAGE WINDING: V
LOW VOLTAGE WINDING: V
5.5.3 TAP CHANGING
NUMBER OF STEPS % OF $
FOR GENERATOR APPLICATIONS:
– NUMBER OF STEPS % OF $
– STEPS % +
MANUFACTURER (1)
5.9 TOTAL LOSSES W
7.1.5.3 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
– SYSTEM FAULT CAPACITY kVA
– Xo/X1
PART 3
HIGH VOLTAGE WINDING BIL kV
LOW VOLTAGE WINDING BIL kV
4.6.1 IMPEDANCE %
– OTHER %
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA N–352
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APPENDIX “A”
OWNER’S TRANSFORMER DATA SHEET

REQUIRED GUARANTEED
CLAUSE CHARACTERISTICS UNIT NOTES
BY OWNER BY BIDDER
11 NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR
NUMBER OF NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR PC
TYPE AND MODEL (1)
RATED PHASE TO GROUND VOLTAGE kV
RATED CURRENT A
RATED TEMPERATURE RISE °C
MISCELANEOUS TRANSFORMERS APPROXIMATE WEIGHT
WINDINGS (COPPER) kg (1)
CORE kg (1)
TANK AND ACCESORIES kg (1)
OIL IN TANK kg (1)
OIL IN CONSERVATOR kg (1)
TOTAL OIL kg (1)
TOTAL WEIGHT kg (1)
HEAVIEST PART TO BE LIFTED DURING UNTANKING kg (1)
APPROXIMATE OIL CAPACITY
MAIN TANK l (1)
RADIATORS l (1)
MAIN TANK CONSERVATOR l (1)
APPROXIMATE DIMENSIONS
COMPLETE TRANSFORMER m2 (1)
– LENGHT m (1)
– WIDTH m (1)
– HEIGHT m (1)
– HEIGHT OF UNTANKING m (1)
HEAVIEST TANK FOR TRANSPORT
– LENGHT m (1)
– WIDTH m (1)
– HEIGHT m (1)

BIDDER’S SIGNATURE
MANUFACTURER’S

SIGNATURE

NOTES
1. To be indicated by the Bidder
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APPENDIX “B”
DEVIATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS TAKEN BY BIDDER

CLAUSE EXCEPTIONS/DEVIATIONS EXPLANATION AND


PROPOSED OPTION

BIDDER:
BIDDER’S AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE
DATE:

Note: Exceptions/Deviations shall be numbered according to the


clause/subclause numbers of this specification.

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