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GRAMMAR.
c) Wishes about the past use past perfect in the same way as a third
conditional sentence.
e.g. I wish (If only) I had brought an umbrella with me. (= if I had brought an
umbrella with me, it would have been better).
I’d rather you hadn’t told anyone.
d) Wishes with would/ wouldn’t are about general behaviour or habits, often
bad ones which we wish would change.
e.g. I wish everyone would leave me alone.
I wish it wouldn’t rain so much.
NB. We can’t use this construction to speak about ourselves:
e.g. I wish I could … NOT I wish I would…
2) As if…, As though…
a) Real comparisons with as if, as though use look, seem, appear, etc with
present or future meaning.
e.g. He looks as if he wants to leave (He really wants to leave).
It seems as though City are going to win (It’s 5:0 and the last minute of the
match).
b) Unreal comparisons with as if, as though use past tenses (past simple, past
perfect (continuous)) to refer to the present or to the past if the comparison
seems unreal or imaginary.
e.g. She acts as if she was/ were the boss (in fact she isn’t).
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We can use would rather/ would sooner + the bare infinitive to express choice
e.g. Would you rather stay at home?
I’d rather have tea than coffee.
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She looks as though she hadn’t slept a wink last night (imaginary – we don’t
know for sure).
A) Pattern: I can’t do it. – I wish I could do it. (If only I could do it!)
B) Pattern: It’s time for you to do it. – It’s time you did it.
1. It’s time for you to learn to use a computer.
2. It’s time for Gerald to take over his father’s business.
3. It’s time for the children to get used to abiding by school rules.
4. It’s time for Emily to earn her living.
5. It’s time for the boys to stop making fun of Kevin.
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6. It’s time for the manager to think over the terms of the contract.
7. It’s high time for the hotel to confirm the reservation.
8. It’s high time for you to realize that your arguments don’t make sense.
9. It’s time for you to stop being terrified of this small dog.
10.It’s high time for Richard to achieve success.
TONY: Have you seen Ben's new jacket? I bet it was expensive.
ANA: He told me it cost him £500.
TONY: I..........................................................(have) as much money as him.
ANA: Well, you may not be rich, but you're much better-looking than Ben.
TONY: Am I?
3. Complete each second sentence so that the meaning is similar to the first
sentence.
1. I wish you were a bit tidier.
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7. I just wish my partner was a bit more romantic!
Do you ever wish that your neighbours (1) turn down their music? Perhaps
you're trying to sleep and you wish that the people next-door (2) not holding
an all-night barbecue party in their garden. Or do you feel it is (3) you moved
to an uninhabited island? Don't worry - you are just another victim of noise
pollution. Of course, most people would prefer (4) if cars (5) no noise at all,
neighbours (6) as quiet as mice, and nobody (7) about the streets in cars with
open windows and high-powered sound systems. You may even wish you (8)
stop children from playing in the street, or planes from passing overhead. But
in the end, if I (9) you I (10) just get used to it. Close the windows, buy some
earplugs, laugh and turn up your own stereo. Just act (11) if the noise (12)
simply not there! Who knows, perhaps it will go away! ,
5. a) Bernie and Martin share a room at college. Read what they say about
each other. Then write sentences about their wishes and regrets. Use
different structures.
MARTIN: It's dreadful having to share a room with Bernie. He's so untidy!
His books are all over the place, he never washes his coffee cup, he leaves
dirty clothes around the room - it's such a mess I can't work. And he comes in
late in the evening when I'm trying to sleep and lies in bed watching
television. I can't stand it! I'm going to look for a room on my own.
BERNIE: The trouble with Martin is that he never relaxes. He works so hard.
He gets angry, but he won't tell me what's wrong. And he interferes with my
possessions. He moves my books around so I can't find them. It's not much
fun sharing a room with Martin.
b) Have you got neighbours to grumble about? Tell your group mates about
them using active grammar patterns.
6. Choose the correct form.
1. Parents who also work often wish they have / had more time to spend
with their children.
2. No doubt the prime minister now wishes he listened / had listened to
what other people were saying before he made his decision,
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3. Local councilors say they wish more people could / would let them know
what they think about the new anti-smoking laws,
4. Many people wish that fast-food companies would stop / had stopped
targeting children with advertising.
5. Local residents generally wish that tourists didn't leave / hadn't left so
much litter behind in the town.
6. I have had nothing but trouble with this computer, and I now wish that I
didn't buy / had not bought it.
7. When we grow older, with hindsight we all wish that we spent / had
spent our time at school more profitably.
8. We wish we knew / would know how to solve the problem of vandalism,
but so far we haven't come up with a perfect solution,
9. Doctors say they wish that more people paid / had paid attention to the
amount of salt they consume.
10. I wish I could/would believe what politicians say, but I'm afraid I can't.
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1 A would start В start С started
2 A were В would С prefer
3 A were В had been С are
4 A acted В would act С act
5 A wish В would rather С hope
6 A rather В would prefer С as though
7 A had behaved В didn't behave С would behave
8 A as if В it's time С they wouldn't prefer
9 A is В had been С were
10A would rather В as though С would prefer it
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8. Write a new sentence with the same meaning, beginning as shown. Share
your own ideas with the class. Use the active patterns.
1. It seems that more and more young people will go into higher education in future.
It seems as …………………………………………………
2. Most parents want their children to study a useful subject leading to a good job.
Most parents would rather.............................................................................
3. Students, however, usually want their parents to let them make their own choices.
Students, however, usually wish....................................................................
4. Later on, though, some students regret not having chosen their courses more
carefully.
Later on, though, some students wish............................................................
5. University advisers don't usually want students to choose a subject simply because
they think they are good at it.
University advisers usually prefer students...................................................
6. The usual advice is: 'Think about what kind of work you want to do in the future.'
The usual advice is: 'If I.................................................................................
7. Some students seem from their behaviour to be only interested in having a good
time.
Some students behave as................................................................................
8. When they leave university, many students regret not having worked harder.
When they leave university, many students wish...........................................
9. They also think they will never repay their student loans.
It also seems to them as..................................................................................
10. Universities should now pay more attention to students' financial problems.
It's……………………………………………………………………………
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11. it’s high time they (mend) this road.
12. He always talks as though he (address) a public meeting.
13. He treats us as if we (be) all idiots.
14. Wife: I’d like to get a job. Husband: I’d much rather you (stay) at
home and (look) after the house.
15. I wish you (not give) him my phone number.
16. If only he (know) then that the disease was curable.
17. You talk as though it (be) a small thing to leave your country for
ever.
18. I hate driving. I’d much rather you (drive).
19. If only I (be) insured! (But I wasn’t).
20. I wish transistor radios never (be) invented.
21. If only I (keep) my mouth shut!
22. I’ll pay you by cheque monthly. – I’d rather you (pay) me cash
weekly.
23. I said ‘Sunday’. – I wish you (not say) Sunday. We’ll never be ready
by then.
24. But I told you what to do. – I know you did. If only I (take) your
advice!
25. That man has brought us nothing but trouble. I wish I never (set) eyes
on him.
26. Can I take your best umbrella? – I’d rather you (take) the other one.
27. I wish I (not try) to repair it. I only made it worse.
10. Restructure and retell the following letters to a psychologist using ‘I wish
…’, ‘If only I …’, ‘I’d rather…’, ‘As if…’, ‘It’s time…’, ‘If …,I …’. Give
advice (use ‘If I were … I should… (see Unit 3)’)
a) I’m 20 and I’m a compulsive liar — at least, a self-diagnosed one. I recently
came clean on all my long-standing fabrications to my girlfriend and closest
friends, and in the process I lost all or most of them I’m pretty sure. So now I’m
depressed, dealing with a breakup, and have low self-esteem and a behavioral
disorder. I’m starting to wonder if it would’ve been better to keep up the
deception. Was it the right thing for me to do to come clean? It just doesn’t feel as
much of a relief as I hoped it would.
b) Why am I so lazy? I didn’t used to be like this until I got into high school. I
went from merely procrastinating — not doing my work until the last minute —
to doing my work after the due date, to not doing my work at all. I’m suddenly
feeling like I just can’t. I would stare at my paper for a long time, not write
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anything, not be able to concentrate, and just allow myself to get distracted. Even
self-motivational speeches do not work. I don’t want to be like this, but it’s so
hard for me to do the work. I know it’s a problem. It’s affecting my schooling and
my weight. Why am I becoming like this?
c) I recently married a man I love dearly. But we aren’t living together yet and, to
make matters worse, he is living with his ex’s parents. He has three teenage
daughters, and only one likes me. He spends the whole weekend with his
daughters. He spends some week days with me but I have recently developed
separation anxiety issues; I get very upset when he leaves, and I feel depressed.
How can I get over my anxiety? Am I overreacting about him leaving for the
whole weekend?
II. Subjunctives.
2) After verbs and adjectives expressing personal attitude such as annoy, surprise,
astonish, strange, odd, funny, typical, natural, interesting, surprising should is
sometimes used to add emotional colouring to the sentence
e.g. It’s strange that he should be late. He is usually on time.
I’m surprised that he should have said such a thing.
In this case should is used with different forms of the infinitive and cannot be left
out.
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The use of the bare infinitive is only found in formal style.
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1. Tick the correct sentences.
1 a After a match, the captain insists the football team should take things easy.
b After a match, the captain insists the football team take things easy.
с After a match, the captain insists the football team to take things easy.
2 a The journalist demanded that the minister resigned.
b The journalist demanded that the minister resign.
с The journalist demanded that the minister should resign.
3 a If you really want to get rich fast, I suggest you should work harder.
b If you really want to get rich fast, I suggest you work harder.
с If you really want to get rich fast, I suggest you to work harder.
4 a He never has any money, so it's very odd that he have a new car.
b He never has any money, so it's very odd that he has a new car.
с Не never has any money, so it's very odd that he should have a new car.
5 a My doctor explained that it was important I should take more exercise.
b My doctor explained that it was important I take more exercise.
с My doctor explained that it was important I took more exercise.
2. There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Correct the sentences where
necessary. Write 'OK' if the sentence is already correct.
3. Complete the conversation with should where necessary. Leave out should
where possible.
BEN: I can't find the sales reports anywhere. What should I do?
SUE: I really don't know. It's typical that (1).................................(they /
disappear)
just when you need them. Why don't you ask Rose?
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BEN: I did. She insisted that (2).....................................(I / search) for them.
SUE: She's so unhelpful.
BEN: And where's Jack? He promised to check them with me.
SUE: I saw him in the coffee bar a few minutes ago.
BEN: It's essential (3)........................................(he / see) the reports.
SUE: Shall I send someone to fetch him?
BEN: No, I shouldn’t bother. He'll probably turn up in a minute.
SUE: OK. Are you going to stay in the office over lunchtime?
BEN: Yes. It's important (4)....................(I / find) these reports. We'll be using
them in this afternoon's meeting.
SUE: Oh, right, yes. Well, I'm going to look at some computers. And look,
should anyone call, will you say I'm not available till tomorrow? I really haven't
got any spare time today.
BEN: Are we going to get a new computer?
SUE: Well, the manager's recommendation is that (5)……….. (we / wait) until
later in the year.
BEN: Why's that?
SUE: He says prices may fall. He suggests (6)……………….. (we / wait) until
the autumn.
BEN: I suppose it's only natural (7)......................................(he / be) cautious.
SUE: Hmm.
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VOCAB & SPEAKING.
1. Study the following idioms and write a vocabulary story with as many of them
as you can .What other money idioms do you know?
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- to have very much money, to have more money than is needed
My aunt has money to burn and she is always travelling somewhere.
have one's hand in the till
- to be stealing money from a company or an organization
The clerk had her hand in the till so we decided to fire her.
He who pays the piper calls the tune.
- the person who pays for something has control over how the money is used
He who pays the piper calls the tune and the owner of the sports team can decide
who will play on the team.
Highway (daylight) robbery
- the charging of a high price for something
The amount of money that the company is charging for its services is highway
robbery.
in the black (vs. in the red )
- to be profitable, to make money
Our company has been in the black since it started.
kickback
- money paid illegally for favorable treatment
The politician received several illegal kickbacks and he was forced to resign.
live from hand to mouth
- to live on little money
My friend has been living from hand to mouth and is now using his savings from
his previous job.
lose money hand over fist
- to lose money fast and in large amounts
The new coffee shop is losing money hand over fist.
make a killing
- to make a large amount of money
My sister made a killing when she worked overseas in the oil industry.
money is no object
- it does not matter how much something costs
Money is no object and I plan to stay in the best hotels during my holiday.
on a shoestring
- with little money to spend, on a very low budget
My cousin started his business on a shoestring but now it is very successful.
pass the buck
- to make another person decide something, to put the responsibility or blame on
someone else
Our supervisor always passes the buck and he will never take responsibility for
what he does.
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pay through the nose
- to pay a very high price, to pay too much
I paid through the nose when I had to buy gasoline in the small town.
pinch pennies (also: scrimp and save)
- to be careful with money, to be thrifty
My grandmother always pinches pennies and never spends her money foolishly.
strike it rich
- to suddenly become rich or successful
My grandfather struck it rich when he was young but when he died he had no
money.
splurge on (something)
- to spend more money than one might ordinarily spend
We decided to splurge and go to a nice restaurant for dinner.
throw money around
- to spend a lot of money without worrying if you are wasting it
The government is throwing much money around as they prepare for the large
exhibition.
tighten one`s belt
- to live on less money than usual
We decided to tighten our belt and try to save up some money for a holiday.
tightfisted (with money)
- to be very stingy with money
My uncle is very tightfisted with money and does not want to spend any at all.
give (someone) a blank check
- to let someone act as they want or as they think is necessary (like a check that has
the amount left blank)
The city gave the new department a blank check to try and solve the homeless
problem.
2. Render the following text into English. Use at least 15 active vocabulary units.
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странах появился феномен быстрого прихода больших денег, «что многие
считают аморальным, а многие этому завидуют», пишет итальянская газета
«Стампа». Она обобщает данные исследований последних лет.
«Интерфакс»
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3. Discussion questions.
Work in pairs. Make sure you use the active vocabulary of the unit.
Student A
Check you understand all the questions below, then ask the ones you are most
interested to hear your partner answer.
How much are the problems of the world due to the influence of money?
How much money would you give your children for pocket money? Would you
make that money dependant on anything? What would you say if they asked for
more?
Do you think people trying to get more money is generally a positive or negative
influence on society?
What would you do if you were the richest man in the world?
What would you think, say or do if someone gave you a diamond ring on your
second date?
What would you do if you found a suitcase full of money in your front garden/ in
your hotel room?
Does everyone in your country have the same opportunity to get rich?
How can you show off how much money you have without being tacky?
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Student B
Check you understand all the questions below, then ask the ones you are most
interested to hear your partner answer.
What is your attitude to investment? How much of a risk taker are you?
What would you have to do to be worth your weight in gold to your company or
university?
What would you splash out on if you could double your income?
4. Comment on the following sayings about money. Try to use your active vocab.
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No one can earn a million dollars honestly.
William Jennings Bryan
A fool and his money are easily parted.
Proverb
Who is rich? He that is content. Who is that? Nobody.
Benjamin Franklin
One must be poor to know the luxury of giving.
George Eliot
A bank is a place that will lend you money if you can prove that you don't need it.
Bob Hope
It's good to have money and the things that money can buy, but it's good, too, to
check up once in a while and make sure that you haven't lost the things that money
can't buy.
George Horace Lorimer
The real measure of your wealth is how much you'd be worth if you lost all your
money.
Unknown
If you can count your money, you don't have a billion dollars.
J. Paul Getty
1. got a mortgage
2. used a credit card
3. borrowed money from a friend or family
4. taken out a student loan
5. taken out a loan from a bank to start a small business
6. never borrowed any money
What problems are sometimes associated with these things?
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2. Write the words from the article into the gaps. Then find the words in the
article to see how they are used in context.
Read the article and find out if any of the problems you thought of are
mentioned. What is the title of the article allusive of?
Jack
It may seem strange to say I wish I'd never gone to university, but sometimes I
really regret I ever did. Studying media communications for three years has left me
saddled with a £15,000 student loan to pay off and the employment situation is
pretty dismal at the moment, which doesn't make the future look too bright. I
would've been better off just getting straight into the job market when I was 18.
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Brian
I see the government says it wants to encourage small businesses. What a joke!
The whole financial system is skewed in favour of the big boys and they always
just lobby to protect their interests. My garden-ornament business had cash-flow
problems last year, which meant I needed a temporary loan to pay my staff. My
bank just refused point blank to extend my credit. I even occupied the bank
manager's office one day! My business ended up going to the wall. Now I open the
paper today and I see some cable company is negotiating with the banks to
restructure £12 billion of debt. There's no justice.
Lizzie
My parents had problems with debt, which meant I couldn't get a credit card before
I left home and I swore blind I wouldn't get one when I did leave home. But then
you get out into the big bad world and you're just surrounded by temptation. We're
bombarded with adverts for this and that and then you're offered easy credit. A few
years ago, I was persuaded to celebrate New Year in Egypt. I took out a loan to pay
for the holiday and cover my expenses and then I got a credit card 'just for
emergencies'. The next thing I knew I'd spent £3,000 on the card. I tried to juggle
the debt by transferring the money onto another credit card, but by then I'd got into
the habit of spending and I ran up a debt on that card too. Over the next two or
three years, things just got completely out of hand, and now I'm £38,000 in debt
and at the point of declaring myself bankrupt.
Joseph
This whole sorry debt-ridden country is going to come crashing down and it's
going to be a hard, hard landing. You mark my words, this whole economy is built
on borrowing and credit, and it's just unsustainable. I have a small place with a bit
of land, which I bought when I was made redundant. I rear chickens and goats, and
grow a lot of my own food. I reckon I'm almost self-sufficient now, so I know that
on that day when the shit finally hits the fan, I'll be prepared.
Malcolm
All that 'never a borrower nor a lender be' stuff is all just rubbish, if you ask me.
There isn't a successful businessman in the world who hasn't had to borrow money
to either get started or to expand. If you worry about what you owe, if you let it
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play on your mind, you'll never take the risks you need to take in order to be
successful.
Angela
We borrowed a few thousand pounds off my parents-in-law to buy our house and
now I just wish we hadn't. It's just something they constantly hold over us and it's
caused a lot of friction - like last year when we said we weren't going to stay at
Christmas. My mother-in-law got all upset and then my father-in-law started
saying 'You're so ungrateful. All the things we've done for you and you just throw
it back in our faces.'
4. Match the words to make collocations (word pairs) from the article.
1. student a. situation
2. employment b. system
3. job c. a loan
4. small d. oneself bankrupt
5. financial e. loan
6. cash flow f. market
5. Recreate, restructure and retell the article as a single report about the
problems that people get when they fall into debt. Use all the words and phrases
from ex. 2 & 4.
6. Speaking
Complete each sentence with the name of one of the people in the article. If
you don't think any of the names fit a sentence, then leave it blank.
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2. I really feel sorry for........
3. There's a lot of truth in what …………………………'s saying.
4......................'s obviously brought the situation upon her/himself.
Discuss what you have written with a partner. Explain why you agree or
disagree with your partner's choices.
7. Roleplays
a. Tell your father that you are skint and try to persuade him to give or lend you
some money
b. Persuade a bank manager that you are just down on your luck and that if he
lends your money to start a new business you will soon turn your life around
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TEST YOURSELF.
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ACTIVE VOCABULARY.
p. 62
(Learn the words and expressions in V8.1 p. 131)
p. 64
(Learn the words and expressions in V8.2 p. 131), money-making schemes, make
all the difference, sit still, invigilate (an invigilator), express one’s opinion on, a
TV ad, a brain scan, a mystery shopper, write a report on, a customer, an
advertising campaign.
p. 66
give/ leave tips (to tip), receive a tip, a service charge, a restaurant bill, agree on, a
guideline, round up (the fare), keep the change, an encounter with, a rule of thumb,
play safe.
R8.1
Be short of money, (have money) in one’s bank account, an audition, chase
impossible dreams, learn one’s lines, go on about smth, give smb a lift (to work)
R8.5
It’s on me, do a study on, the absolute minimum, a counter, a bartender, …% of the
total, a fare
R8.8
Get back to smb (on the phone), to do a voiceover, a series, run a bit late, do a run
through, a script, go over (the lines)
R8.9
Be under a lot of pressure, go straight back to sleep, lose one’s temper with smb,
exhausted
Vocabulary Plus: British and American English
A (bank)note/bill, a chemist’s/drugstore, a tap/faucet, a bank holiday/ a national
holiday, the pavement/sidewalk, the motorway/freeway, a waistcoat/vest, a
torch/flashlight, a queue/line, the underground/subway, a car park/parking lot, a
mobile phone/cell phone, a block of flats/apartment building, a garden/yard
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