Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
SECTION 1 Questions 1 - 10
Questions 1 - 4
Complete the education officer’s form below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Children’s Details
1 John 8
3 not applicable
4 not applicable
Simon Year 9
5 What is the most convenient way for a child to get to King School in the morning?
A On foot
B School bus
C Parent driving
6 What factor does Mrs. Smith say would be the most important when judging which
schools to send her children to?
Questions 7 - 10
Answer the questions below with NO MORE THAN TRHREE WORDS for each
answer.
8 What new system has the Walcott School head teacher recently introduced to his
school?
9 On what day will Mrs. Smith receive by post the information pack on Westley Boys
School?
10 What documents should Mrs. Smith bring with her proof of identity?
Questions 11 - 13
There are three locations indicated, A, B and C on the map of the bus route from
Tinton Village to Westley Town. According to the listening recording, identify the
name of each location and write the answer on your question paper.
X
The
Red
Sports Lion
X Centre
A
Lake
Railway
Lenten
X
Key
West Gate X = bus stop
Centre
Town Hall
X
Memorial Market
Fountain Square
Main Railway Station
X Westley
B
Town Ice
Rink
14 How much is a return bus ticket from the hotel’s nearest stop to Westley?
A 4 pounds
B 8 pounds
C 2 pounds
15 How often does the bus run if you want to come back from the cinema at 11 pm?
Questions 16 - 20
Complete the summary table below. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each
answer.
Westley Market local fresh food, arts and crafts, Different prices
(19) ____ + antiques
Questions 21 - 25
21 Dr. Mills had a problem with the __________ of Jane’s essay question.
22 Dr. Mills said that Jane should correct __________ mistakes in the introduction.
23 Dr. Mills questioned the __________ of all the detail Jane provided on the history of video
games.
24 Dr. Mills pointed out that Jane’s essay would acquire more __________ if she included
more examples of video games in her essay.
25 Dr. Mills suggested that Jane look at some __________ in order to get details of video
game violence from people who play video games.
Complete Jane’s summary notes that she wrote for herself on the second part of
her conversation with Dr. Mills.
Write NO MORE THAN 1 WORD from the listening recording for each answer.
My discussion of other studies was generally good. Dr. Mills thought that my presentation
of statistics, however, was a little (26) _________. He feels I should create a comparative
My conclusion is fine, but I must show any places where my (27) _________ is weak.
eg: some of my evidence might not have enough statistical significance. I should also
identify areas for further study or (28) _________ questions to be sure of the best grade.
There’s an issue with my word count. I’ve written 5400 words in my first draft and I will
need to cut this in my re-drafting and editing process. Dr. Mills suggested that the section
on historical development was (29) _________, so I can start cutting my word usage there.
Make sure my (30) _________ are complete! Check the extended essay instructions sheet!
31 In which place does the listening recording state that Burmese pythons are NOT found?
A Northern Mexico
B Tennessee
C India
32 Which of the following reasons does the listening recording NOT give for Florida being
a place where Burmese pythons are commonly found?
A Florida’s laws on the import of exotic animals are not as strict as other US states
B Florida has no natural predator that would hunt Burmese pythons
C Florida’s natural habitat suits Burmese pythons
33 On which of the following animal types does the listening recording state the Burmese
python does NOT feed?
A Birds
B Other reptiles
C Small mammals
34 Which technique has been used to study the numbers of the animals in the Everglades
on which the Burmese pythons feed?
35 Which animal, previously common in the Everglades, has research recently not been
able to find there?
A The bobcat
B The rabbit
C The raccoon
36 Pythons have been seen in the Everglades over the last 2 ___________.
39 Critics of the python study claim that other reasons, such as ___________, might be
the reason for the decline in numbers of other Florida animal species.
40 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have warned that the Everglades python problem
might not stay ___________ to the Everglades.
Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock containing large amounts of organic matter known
as kerogen, which can yield substantial quantities of hydrocarbons. Oil shale is essentially a
petroleum source rock that has not yet undergone the complete thermal maturation required
to convert organic matter to oil. In addition, the further geological processes of hydrocarbon
migration and accumulation that produce conventional crude oil resources trapped in
subsurface reservoirs has not occurred. Oil shale is not as efficient as oil. One tonne of
commercial grade oil shale may yield from about 100 to 200 liters of oil, which is approximately
a half to one barrel of shale oil per tonne of oil shale.
Oil shale was formed millions of years ago by deposition of silt and organic debris on lake beds
and sea bottoms. Over long periods of time, heat and pressure transformed the materials into
oil shale in a process similar to the process that forms oil; however, the heat and pressure
were not as great. Oil shale generally contains enough oil that it will burn without any additional
refining, and it is known as “the rock that burns”.
While oil shale has been used as fuel and as a source of oil in small quantities for many years,
few countries currently produce oil from oil shale on a significant commercial level. Many
countries do not, but in those countries that do have significant oil shale resources, the oil
shale industry has not developed, because historically, the cost of oil derived from oil shale has
been significantly higher than conventionally pumped oil. The lack of commercial viability of oil
shale-derived oil has in turn inhibited the development of better technologies that might reduce
its cost. Relatively high prices for conventional oil in the 1970’s and 1980’s stimulated interest
and some development of better oil shale technology took place, but oil prices eventually fell,
and major research and development activities largely ceased. More recently, prices for crude
oil have again risen to levels that may make oil shale-based oil production commercially viable,
and both governments and industry are interested in pursuing the development of oil shale as
an alternative to conventional oil.
While oil shale is found in many places worldwide, by far the largest deposits in the world are
found in the United States in the Green River Formation, which covers portions of Colorado,
Utah, and Wyoming. Estimates of the oil resource in place within the Green River Formation
range from 1.2 to 1.8 trillion barrels. Not all resources in place are recoverable; however, even
a moderate estimate of 800 billion barrels of recoverable oil from oil shale in the Green River
Formation is three times greater than the proven oil reserves of Saudi Arabia. Present U.S.
demand for petroleum products is about 20 million barrels per day. If oil shale could be used
to meet a quarter of that demand, the estimated 800 billion barrels of recoverable oil from the
Green River Formation would last for more than 400 years.
Oil shale can be mined and processed to generate oil similar to oil pumped from conventional
oil wells; however, extracting oil from oil shale is more complex than conventional oil recovery
as well as being more expensive. The oil substances in oil shale are solid and cannot
Academic Test 15; Page 9 © ieltshelpnow.com
be pumped directly out of the ground. Oil shale can be mined using one of two methods:
underground mining using the room-and-pillar method or surface mining. The unconventional
shale oil resource can be transformed into liquid hydrocarbons by mining, crushing, heating,
processing and refining, or by in situ heating, oil extraction and refining. After mining and
crushing, the oil shale is heated to a high temperature, a process called retorting; the resultant
liquid must then be separated and collected. An alternative but currently experimental process,
referred to as in situ retorting, involves heating the oil shale while it is still underground, and
then pumping the resulting liquid to the surface. After collecting the oil following the retorting,
the oil must be upgraded by further processing before it can be sent to a refinery, and the spent
shale must be got rid of. Spent shale may be got rid of in surface impoundments, or as landfill
in graded areas; it may also be got rid of in previously mined areas, so eventually, the mined
land is reclaimed and filled in. Both the mining and processing of oil shale involve a variety of
environmental impacts, such as global warming and greenhouse gas emissions, disturbance of
mined land, disposal problems of spent shale, use of water resources, and impacts on air and
water quality. The development of a commercial oil shale industry in the United States would
also have significant social and economic impacts on local communities. Another impediment to
development of the oil shale industry around the world is the lack of regulations on the industry.
Questions 1 - 6
Read the passage Oil Shale Mining and look at the statements below.
2 One reason for oil shale not transforming into oil is a lack of underground heat for long
enough.
4 In the past, the amount of oil shale extraction has depended on the price of oil.
5 Several US States have disputed rights to the Green River oil shale deposits.
6 Environmental concerns have hindered recovery of the Green River oil shale deposits.
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Questions 7 - 11
Read the passage Oil Shale Mining again. According to what you have read, com-
plete the sentence beginnings (questions 7 - 11) with the best ending (A - H).
8 Because historically oil shale has not been regarded as being profitable,...
9 The Green River oil shale can not be fully exploited because...
B ... it has caused friction between countries whose boundaries are above deposits.
E ... it can be heated underground and the oil can be pumped to the surface.
F ... the extraction technology for oil shale did not advance very much.
Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
12 _________
Oil upgrading
13 _________ disposal
Reclamation
Tidal Power
Introduction
If there is one thing we can safely predict and be sure of on this planet, it is the coming and
going of the tide. This gives this form of renewable energy a distinct advantage over other
sources that are not as predictable and dependable, such as wind or solar.
Paragraph A
A tidal power unit is where a dam or barrage is built across an estuary or bay that experiences
an adequate tidal range. This tidal range has to be in excess of five metres for the barrage to be
feasible. The purpose of this dam or barrage is to let water flow through it into the basin as the
tide comes in. The barrage has gates in it that allow the water to pass through. The gates are
closed when the tide has stopped coming in, trapping the water within the basin or estuary and
creating a hydrostatic head. As the tide recedes, gates in the barrage that contain turbines are
opened, and the hydrostatic head causes the water to come through these gates, driving the
turbines and generating power. Power can be generated in both directions through the barrage,
but this can affect the efficiency of the project.
Paragraph B
There are different types of turbines that are now available for use in a tidal barrage. A bulb
turbine is one in which water flows around the turbine. If maintenance is required, then the
water must be stopped, which is time consuming, and leads to a loss of generation. When
rim turbines are used, the generator is mounted at right angles to the turbine blades, making
access more straightforward. However, this type of turbine is not suitable for pumping and it is
difficult to regulate its performance.
Paragraph C
Tidal streams are rapidly flowing volumes of water caused by the motion of the tide. In order for
tidal stream power plants to be feasible, these tidal streams must occur in shallow seas where
a natural constriction exists to force the water to speed up. The technology involved is very
similar to wind energy, but there are some differences. Water is eight hundred times denser
than air and has a much slower flow rate; this means that the turbine experiences much larger
forces and moments. This results in turbines with much smaller diameters. This technology
is still in its infancy, despite the potential for a reliable and predictable energy source. Tidal
stream technology has the advantage over tidal barrages when you compare environmental
and ecological issues. It is less intrusive than on and offshore wind, and tidal barrages, and any
hazard to navigation or shipping would be no more than that experienced by current offshore
installations.
Paragraph D
The large capital costs required to start construction of a barrage have been the main stumbling
Academic Test 15; Page 13 © ieltshelpnow.com
block to their deployment. It is not an attractive proposition to an investor due to long payback
periods. This problem could be solved by government funding or large organisations getting
involved with tidal power. In terms of long term costs, once the construction of the barrage
is complete, there are very small maintenance and running costs and the turbines only need
replacing around every thirty years. The life of the plant is indefinite, and for its entire life it will
receive free fuel from the tide.
Paragraph E
During the construction of a barrage, the amount of traffic and people in the area will increase
dramatically and this phenomenon will last for a number of years. This will also bring revenue
to the local economy from the tourism and hospitality industry that will accommodate all the
different types of visitors that the barrage will bring. The barrage can be used as a road or rail
link, providing a time saving method of crossing the bay or estuary. There is also the possibility
of incorporating wind turbines into the barrage to generate extra power. The barrage would
affect shipping and navigation and provision would have to be made to allow ships to pass
through. Finally, the calmer waters created in the bay would create a further tourist attraction.
Paragraph F
Perhaps the largest disadvantages of tidal barrages are the ecological effects on the local area.
This is very difficult to predict, as each site is different and there are not many projects that are
available for study. The changes in water level and possible flooding would affect the vegetation
around the coast, having an impact on the aquatic and shoreline ecosystems. The quality of the
water in the basin or estuary would also be affected, and the sediment levels would change,
affecting the turbidity of the water and therefore affecting the animals that live in it and depend
upon it, such as fish and birds. Fish would undoubtedly be affected, unless provision was
made for them to pass through the barrage without being killed by turbines. All these changes
would affect the types of birds that are in the area, as they will migrate to other areas with more
favourable conditions for them. The effects are not all disadvantageous though, and may allow
different species of plant and creature to flourish in an area where they are not normally found.
However, these issues are very delicate, and need to be independently assessed for each area
in question.
From the list of headings below (i - x) choose the most suitable headings for
paragraphs B - F.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
Example Answer
Paragraph A vii
i Current Technology
ix Political Support
x Environmental Aspects
15 Paragraph B
16 Paragraph C
17 Paragraph D
18 Paragraph E
19 Paragraph F
Complete the sentences below using the best words from Reading Passage 3,
Tidal Power.
21 Producing energy when the tide goes in and out can affect a tidal power
project’s __________.
24 The installations for tidal stream power projects are not as __________ as wind and tidal
barrage installations.
Questions 25 - 27
Choose the appropriate letters A – D that best answer the question and write
them in boxes 25 - 27 on your answer sheet.
25 What are the estimated running costs of a tidal power project?
A High
B Low
C Nothing
D Not possible to estimate
26 Which of the following is NOT given in the text as a possible advantage to building a tidal
power barrage?
27 Which of the following is NOT given in the text as a possible environmental effect of a
tidal power barrage?
Paragraph A
There are two main varieties of bananas, the fruit or sweet banana and the plantain. The fruit
banana is eaten raw out of hand when it turns yellow and develops a succulent sweetness with
a soft, smooth, creamy, yet firm pulp. The plantain, a cooking banana, is also referred to as the
meal, vegetable or horse banana. Plantains have a lower water content, making them drier and
starchier than fruit bananas. Though the banana plant has the appearance of a sort of palm
tree, and is often called a banana palm, it is actually considered a perennial herb. It dies back
after each fruiting and produces new growth for the next generation of fruit. Modern bananas do
not grow simply from seed. Man intervened long ago and crossed two varieties of African wild
bananas, the Musa acuminata and the Musa baalbisiana. This got rid of the many seeds that
were an unpleasant presence, and improved the flavor and texture from hard and unappetizing
to its present soft and irresistibly sweet flavor.
Paragraph B
Today bananas must be propagated from large rootstocks or rhizomes that are carefully
transplanted in a suitable climate, namely the hot tropics, where the average temperature is a
humid twenty-seven degrees Celsius, and a minimum of seventy-five millimeters of rainfall a
month. The soil must have excellent drainage or the rootstocks will rot. The plants grow new
shoots, often called suckers, pups, or ratoons, from the shallow rootstocks or rhizomes, and
continue to produce new plants generation after generation for several decades. In about nine
months, the plants reach their mature height of about fifteen to thirty feet. Some varieties will
grow to a height of forty feet.
Paragraph C
Bananas possess a unique scientific phenomenon called “negative geotropism.” As the little
bananas start to develop, they grow downward, as gravity would dictate. Little by little, several
“hands” or double rows develop vertically and form a partial spiral around the stem. As they
take in more and more sunlight, their natural growth hormones bring about a most puzzling
phenomenon, and they begin to turn and grow upward. As the plant becomes heavier with
maturing fruit, it must be held up with poles. The stems are made of layers and layers of leaves
that are wrapped around each other. Though quite large and thick, the stems are not strong and
woody like most fruit trees and can break under the weight of many bunches of bananas.
Paragraph D
Though there are approximately three hundred species of bananas, only twenty varieties are
commercially cultivated. Bananas are mature about three months from the time of flowering, with
each bunch producing about fifteen “hands” or rows. Each hand has about twenty bananas while
each bunch will yield about two hundred “fingers” or bananas. An average bunch of bananas
can weigh between thirty-five to fifty kilograms. Two-man teams harvest the bananas. While one
man whacks the bunch with his machete, the other catches the falling bunch onto his shoulders
Academic Test 15; Page 17 © ieltshelpnow.com
and transfers it to a hook attached to one of a series of conveyer cables that run throughout the
plantation. Though bananas can be left to ripen on the plant, they would perish too quickly. It is
important that they are harvested in the green state at just the right time. If harvested too early,
they would develop a floury pulp instead of a delightfully sweet flavor.
Paragraph E
Bananas begin the ripening process as soon as they are harvested, when laboratory tests have
shown that they contain twenty percent starch and one percent sugar. When the bananas turn
yellow with some brown spots, they are fully ripened, and these figures are completely reversed.
The sugar content breaks down as follows: sixty percent sucrose, fourteen percent fructose,
and twenty percent glucose. After the bananas have been harvested, the giant stems are cut
down to provide rich humus for the next crop that has already begun to sprout new shoots.
Each plantation has a packing station where bananas are graded for quality. Those that are of
a poor grade are used as animal feed. The next step is to cut the bananas into individual hands
and wash them in a water bath to stop “bleeding,” a secretion of their natural latex or rubber
substance that tends to stain the bananas as well as clothing.
Paragraph F
Though there are many countries where bananas are grown, not all grow them for export. Brazil,
China, India, and Thailand grow them as a local food source and export very few. The major
exporters include Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, the Philippines, Panama, and
Guatemala. Surprisingly, eighty percent of the bananas grown throughout the world are of the
cooking variety and to many tropical cultures, this eighty percent is an important part of the daily
diet and are prepared in as many ways as other cultures have devised for potatoes. Plantains
may be more familiar to you as banana chips that are first dried, then fried. These cooking
bananas are even employed in the brewing of beer in some areas of East Africa.
29 It is important that the correct stage in its growth is chosen for removing the bananas
from the tree.
30 Bananas are ready to be picked about 3 months after they produce flowers.
Questions 35 - 37
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer of the reading
passage on How to Grow Bananas?
In Boxes 1 - 5 write:
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
36 Only a small proportion of bananas are actually grown to be exported and eaten as fruit.
Answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR
A NUMBER from Reading Passage 3, How to Grow Bananas, for each answer.
39 What are the bananas used for that are not of sufficient quality to sell?
WRITING TASK 1
The map below shows the town of Oakwood, some surrounding areas with some
demographic information and three proposed sites (A, B and C) for new
supermarkets.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
Rosedale
Housing
Estate
(population: 6000)
C
Baker Avenue
Baker Avenue
Bak
er A
A ven
ue
Valley
B
Housing Oakwood
Estate Town Riv
James Street
er D
(pop: Centre on
3000)
Jarvis Street
Stark Street
St. James
Housing
Estate
(population:
4000)
In the last decade, there has been a great increase in the amount of global air
travel.
What do you think are the reasons for this and do you think it is a good thing?
* Do you have brothers or sisters? Can you describe them? What is it like being an only
child?
* What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of having brothers and sisters?
* Why is it that for so many people family become more important as they get older?
Topic 1 Clothes
* Can you describe the type of clothing that is worn by people in your country?
* What kind of clothing is worn in your country for formal occasions?
* What kind of clothing is worn in your country by school children?
* Do think fashion is important?
Section 2
Section 3
Topic 1 Football
* Can you explain why football has such stong cultural significance in so many countries?
* Can you compare the impact of football with a more traditional sport from your country?
* Do you feel that football will become more or less popular in the future? (Why?)
* Why has football created such a strong association with violence?
Topic 2 Museums