Manual Fh62c14 Beta Eqpm-1102-150 (En)

SERIES FH62C14
CONTINUOUS AMBIENT PARTICULATE MONITOR
USEPA Automated Equivalent PM10 Method: EQPM-1102-150

CARB Approved CAS for PM10 and PM2.5
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
P/N 100230-00
THERMO ELECTRON CORPORATION

ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS
27 FORGE PARKWAY FRANKLIN MASSACHUSETTS 02038
(866) 282-0430 Toll Free

(508) 520-0430 International
(508) 520-1460 Fax
www.thermo.com/eid
22Apr2004
© 2003 Thermo Electron Corporation. All rights reserved. Thermo Electron Corporation, question
everything, and Analyze. Detect. Measure. Control are trademarks of Thermo Electron Corporation.
All other product names and logos are the property of their respective owner.
Specifications, terms and pricing are subject to change. Not all products are available in all countries.
Please consult your local sales representative for details.
Notification of Licensing Requirements
Thank you for choosing the Thermo Electron FH-62-C14. As described elsewhere in this
manual, the instrument uses the emissions from a Carbon-14 sealed source to sense the
presence of particulate matter that is deposited on the moving filter tape. The sealed
source contains <100 micro-curies (µCi) of Carbon-14 in the form of a finely dispersed
inorganic powder that is fixed with an acrylic binder and covered with an aluminum
coated Mylar film.
Pursuant to the requirements of a specific license granted to Thermo Electron

Corporation by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the owner of this instrument
becomes a general licensee for its use.
As a general licensee, the owner is obligated to comply with the provisions of 105CMR
120.122(D), a copy of which is included as Appendix B. (Complete text is also available
on the World Wide Web at: http://www.state.ma.us/dph/rcp/).
In addition, the owner is obligated to contact the responsible agency in the state where the
device will be used if it is an agreement state or the local NRC regional office if it is not
an agreement state. The local authority (state or NRC) may place additional reporting or
control requirements on the instrument owner. The owner of this instrument is also
required to comply with all federal and state regulations concerning disposal of this
equipment at the end of its useful life.
A list of NRC regional offices and Agreement states (current as of January 2004) is
included as Appendix C for your convenience and further information is available at on
the World Wide Web at: http://www.hsrd.ornl.gov/nrc/asframe.htm.
January 2003 Rev.
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 7
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 8
1 INTRODUCTION 9
1.1 Innovations 9
1.2 Major Applications 10
1.3 Key Features: 10
1.4 Design of the C14 BETA 11
1.5 Specifications 14
1.6 USEPA Automated Equivalent PM10 Method: EQPM-1102-150 16

1.6.1 Operating Conditions 16
1.6.2 Hardware Requirements: 17
1.7 Additional Configurations 17
2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION AND STARTUP 18
2.1 Installation 18
2.2 Connections and Startup 18

2.2.1 Analog Output Settings 20
2.3 Loading the Filter Tape 21
3 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 22
3.1 Principle of Measurement 22
3.2 Calculation of Particulate Mass on Filter Tape 24
3.3 Detection Limit of Particulate Mass 26
3.4 Calculation of the Concentration 26

3.4.1 Linear regression with fixed regression time (TReg) 26
3.4.2 Linear Regression with variable regression time TReg 29
A Thermo Electron business Thermo Environmental Instruments Division

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3.4.3 Calculation of the Concentration with Digital RC–Filter and Fixed Time Constant 30
3.4.4 Calculation of Concentration with Digital Filter and Variable Time Constant 30
3.4.5 Calculation of the Concentration with Advanced Digital Filtering (ADF-Mode) 31
3.5 Calculation of Concentration Averages 32
3.6 Selectable Threshold Values 33
3.7 Measurement Control 33

3.7.1 Mechanical Filter Change Description 34
3.7.2 Plateau Check and Determination of the Zero Count Rates 34
3.7.3 Precision - Determination of the Mass Zero Point 34
3.7.4 Continuous Measurement of the PM10 Concentration 35
3.7.5 Cause of a Filter Change 35
3.8 Air Flow Rate Control 35

3.8.1 Air Flow Rate Measurement 36
3.8.2 Air Flow Rate Regulation 38
3.9 Data Output and Communication Channels 38

3.9.1 Instrument Display 38
3.9.2 Analog Output 39
3.9.3 Serial Interface 41
3.10 Regulated Sample Tube Heating 42

3.10.1 USEPA Equivalent Method - Sample Heating 43
3.11 Internal Memory Storage 44

3.11.1 30-minute Averages 44
3.11.2 List of Parameter Changes 45
3.11.3 Logbook 45
3.12 Power Failure 46
4 C14 BETA MENU OPERATION 47
4.1 Use of the keypad 49
4.2 Keypad Enabled Interface 49

4.2.1 Value Display Mode 50
4.2.2 Operation Menu 52
4.2.2.1 Serial Data Output 52
4.2.2.2 Analog Output Configuration 53
4.2.2.3 Filter Change Parameters 55
4.2.2.4 PID - Regulator for Heating and Air flow rate 56
4.2.2.5 Concentration Thresholds 57
4.2.2.6 Language 57
4.2.3 Maintenance Menu 58
4.2.3.1 Adjustment of the High Voltage and the Thresholds 59
4.2.3.2 Analog Test and Relay test 62
4.2.3.3 Reload Parameters and Re-start Concentration 63
4.2.4 Calibration Menu 64
4.2.4.1 Mass Foil Calibration Procedure 65

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4.2.4.2 Air Flow Rate Calibration 67

4.2.4.3 Temperature and Pressure Sensor Calibration 68
4.2.5 Instrument Configuration 71
4.2.5.1 Configuration Settings 71
4.3 Standard Parameter List 74

4.3.1 Parameters of the Main menu 74
4.3.2 Parameters of the Operations Menu 74
4.3.2.1 Serial Interfaces "COM1" and "COM2" 74
4.3.2.2 Filter Change Parameters 74
4.3.2.3 Nominal Values for Heating and Air flow rate 74
4.3.2.4 Limit Values 74
4.3.2.5 Operation: Analog Outputs 75
4.3.3 Parameters of the Main Menu "Calibration" 75
4.3.3.1 Configuration e.t.c. 75
4.3.4 Maintenance 75
4.3.5 Compensation factors 76
5 SERVICING 77
5.1 Preventative Maintenance 77
5.2 Safety Precautions 77
5.3 Replacement of the Filter Tape 78
5.4 Carbon Pump Vane Replacement 78
5.5 PM-2.5 IMPACTOR CLEANING AND INSPECTION 80

5.5.1 Sharp-cut Cyclone Maintenance 81
5.6 PM-10 SAMPLER INLET HEAD 82
5.7 SOFTWARE UPDATES 83

5.7.1 Update Requirements 83
5.7.2 Software Update Steps 84
5.7.3 Parameter Control 85
5.8 Removal of the C14 Source 86
5.9 Removal of the Measuring Head 87
5.10 Measuring Head Maintenance 88
5.11 Calibration of the C14 BETA 89

5.11.1 General 89
5.11.2 Mass Calibration 89
5.11.3 Mass Validation 90
6 REMOTE ACCESS 91
6.1 Remote control via serial interface 91

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6.2 Data Protocol with Network Connection 93

6.2.1 Data Sampling 93
6.2.2 Data Transmission 94
6.3 Remote Control of C14 BETA 94

6.3.1 Remote Read Commands 95
6.3.2 Remote Write Commands 97
6.3.3 Remote Control Commands 99
7 DEVICE STATUS INFORMATION 100
7.1 Structure of the Status Concepts 100

7.1.1 Warning and Operation Detailed Status Reports 101
7.1.2 Structure of the Status Conception 102
7.1.3 Error-Status Report 103
7.1.3.1 Structure of the Detailed Error Status 103
7.1.3.2 Superposition of Several Error Status Reports 106
7.2 Output of Status Reports 107

7.2.1 Visual Outputs 107
7.2.1.1 Status Reports on the Display 107
7.2.1.2 LED Status Reports 108
7.2.1.3 Output by Potential Free Relay Contacts 108
7.2.1.4 Status Reports of the Standard Relays on the main board 108
7.2.1.5 Status Reports of the extended Relays (I/O-Expansion Board (42545/1025)) 108
7.2.2 Output by Serial Interfaces 109
7.2.2.1 Remote control commands via Terminal 109
7.3 Print Formats 110

7.3.1 Quality Assurance of Data 110
7.3.1.1 Status Changes and Entries into the Logbook 110
7.3.1.2 Status Definition of the Half-Hour Mean Values of the Concentration 111
7.3.1.3 30-Minute Particulate Concentration Data 111
7.3.1.4 File of Changed Parameters 111
7.3.2 Examples of Print Formats 112
8 TECHNICAL DATA 116
8.1 Specification of Technical Data 116

8.1.1 Lower Detection Limit 116
8.1.2 Reproducibility R 116
8.1.3 Upper Limit of the Measuring Range 116
8.1.4 Temperature Dependence of the Concentration Display 117
8.1.5 Long Time Characteristics 117
8.1.6 Availability 117
8.1.7 Leakage 117
8.1.8 Correction factors for the change of the air mass in the active volume 117
8.2 Dimensions and Weight 118
8.3 Power Supply 118

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8.4 Particulate Collection Device 118
8.5 Source 119
8.6 Detector 119
8.7 Operating Data 119
8.8 Connection Sockets 122
9 SPARE PARTS 125
10 ELECTRONIC MAIN BOARD (42545/1021) 126
10.1 Function of the Jumpers 126

10.1.1 Analog Outputs 126
10.1.2 Flash-EEPROM programmable via serial interface COM 1 (Software Update) 126
10.1.3 CPU active / disabled 126
10.1.4 Battery for Save RAM Area 127
10.1.5 Others 127
10.2 Function of the DIP - switches 127

10.2.1 Switch S1: Select Temperature Sensor Type 127
11 FACTORY RELEASE TEST PROTOCOL 129
12 TROUBLE SHOOTING LIST 132
A APPENDIX A WARRANTY A-1
B APPENDIX B LICENSE REQUIREMENTS B-1
C APPENDIX C NRC DIRECTORY C-1

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List of Illustrations
FIGURE 1 Front of Particulate Monitoring Instrument C14 BETA 12
FIGURE 2 Rear of Particulate Monitoring Instrument C14 BETA 13
FIGURE 3 C14 BETA Schematic 22
FIGURE 4 PM10 Standard Deviation vs. Treg 28
FIGURE 5 Regression Time vs. Current PM10 Concentration for 29
Varying Relative Standard Deviation Values
FIGURE 6 Air Flow Schematic 36
FIGURE 7 Heater Temperature Model Guidance 43
FIGURE 8 Overview of C14 BETA Menu 47
FIGURE 9a Detector Plateau 59
FIGURE 9b Pulse Height 59
FIGURE 10 Location of Pump Parts 78
FIGURE 11 Carbon Vane Installation 79
FIGURE 12 Exploded View of PM2.5 Impactor 80
FIGURE 13 PM2.5 Sharp Cut Cyclone 81
FIGURE 14 Exploded View of PM10 Sampler Inlet Head 82
FIGURE 15 PC/Instrument Serial Connection 83
FIGURE 16 C14 Source Housing 85
FIGURE 17 Main Circuit Board & Analog Output Jumper Settings 128
List of Tables
TABLE 1 Analog Output Instrument Codes 40

TABLE 2 Fixed Analog Output Channels 41
TABLE 3 Standard Parameter List 74
TABLE 4 Preventive Maintenance Schedule 77
TABLE 5 Remote Access Abbreviations 92

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January 2003 Rev.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
!
Protective eye-wear is required if opening the detection chamber for maintenance!
The handling of the radioactive source needs no license in most countries.
Please consider the legislation in each country!
Switch off the power supply of the instrument and unplug the power cable
before opening
the instrument and removing the detector
!
DO NOT BLOCK SAMPLE TUBE OR INLET TO C14 BETA!
The instrument has very sensitive internal foils. These foils and the detector window can
be damaged if the air inlet is blocked when the pump is running.

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1 Introduction
1.1 Innovations
The Thermo Andersen, Inc. Series FH 62 C14 Continuous Ambient Particulate Monitor (C14
BETA) continuously measures the mass concentration of suspended and refined particulates
(e.g., TSP, PM10, PM2.5, PMC, and PM1) by the use of beta attenuation. In addition, the ambient
radioactive influence of natural Radon (Rn-222) gas is measured as a mass determination
refinement step allowing better sensitivity at lower ambient particulate concentrations. The C14
BETA has been designated by the USEPA as an Automated Equivalent PM10 Method and
further designated by the California Air Resources Board as a California Approved Sampler
(CAS) for PM10 and PM2.5.
In contrast to other beta attenuation monitors using Carbon–14 (C-14) as a source of the beta
rays, the C14 BETA particulate sample collection area is located between both the C-14 source
and a proportional detector. While ambient particulate is being deposited onto a filter tape
sample spot, the dynamic filter loading is measured continuously by the attenuation of the C-14
source beta rays. As a result of this configuration, a continuous “real-time” measurement of
airborne particulate is provided. It is not necessary to move the filter spot from the sample
position to the detector position for zero and mass determination (old step–wise method of beta
attenuation monitors). Therefore, uncertainties associated with step-wise filter transport are
eliminated using the new C14 BETA continuous ambient particulate monitoring method.
The sampling time onto a single filter spot is typically 24 hours. Only one blank filter spot
measurement per day is necessary. Therefore, continuous ambient particulate readings are
achieved with a lower detection limit.
Another unique design of the C14 BETA is that it takes into consideration background
interferences with known beta attenuation methods. When present, the daughter nuclides of
the natural noble gas Radon (Rn-222) attach to airborne particulates, which are then collected
on the sample filter during mass measurement. Some of the radioactive daughter nuclides are
also an emitter of beta rays interfering with the measurement of the particulate mass. The
effect of the interference is generally greatest during:
1. The first 90 minutes after a filter change until the radiological equilibrium on the
filter is reached,
2. Periods of rapidly changing Radon gas levels, and
3. When the activity of the C-14 source is very low
In the C14 BETA, a discrimination technique is applied whereby the count rate created by the
airborne natural activity is measured and corrected for in the gross particulate count rate. This
eliminates any interference and enables the possibility to use a C-14 source with reduced
activity. The ability to count the potential interferences of Radon Gas stems from the use of a
proportional detector,which enables the C14 BETA to measure both β and α particles. The
proportional detector is filled with a rigid counting gas and has a life-time of more than 10 years

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January 2003 Rev.
with a <100 µCi C-14 source. Any deterioration of the detector performance will be identified
before it has an effect on the particulate measurement by the plateau check procedure
performed during each filter change.
The sample flow rate is controlled by means of a variable controlled rotary vane pump. The
pump consumes only enough electrical power to keep the flow rate constant. This results in
minimal energy consumption, heat generation, and noise.
1.2 Major Applications

The C14 BETA is used for the continuous measurement of mass concentration in micrograms
per cubic meter (µg/m³) of ambient suspended particulate matter and is used for continuous
ambient measurements and surveillance by public air quality networks. Furthermore,
researchers use the C14 BETA for evaluating diesel and source emissions.
The C14 BETA is extremely versatile and can be used for different applications. Using different
inlet configurations (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, TSP Inlets) or enrichment techniques (PM10-2.5), several
particle size fractions can be monitored. The main application is the measurement of PM10 and
PM2.5 for ambient air quality and health effect studies. With additional dilution equipment and
source probes, the C14 BETA can also serve as a continuous emission monitor for source
particulate. By enriching the particulate sample through the means of virtual impaction, the C14
BETA can also be used as a direct measurement of PM Coarse (PM10 – PM2.5).
The measuring range of the C14 BETA is user adjustable to 0-5,000 µg/m³ (standard USEPA
version) or 0-10,000 µg/m³, depending upon the calibration procedure applied.
1.3 Key Features:
• New technology: First continuous “real-time” C14 ambient particulate monitor

• Radon gas activity measurement (Rn-222; noble gas) and mass refinement
• Low detection limit, high accuracy, and good resolution
• Accurate mechanical operation
• Control and data exchange over 2 serial interfaces possible
• Compact 19" housing in modern design for direct rack mounting (top position)
• New and improved quality assurance and troubleshooting status concepts
• Storage of half hour average concentrations over a whole year
• Volumetric air flow rate at the inlet with volumetric or standard conditions
concentration data output.
• Two serial interfaces for simultaneous connection of the network connector and a
printer or maintenance - PC.
• The following languages possible: English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish.
• Processor controlled calibration of all sensors.
• Detector Life ~10 years

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January 2003 Rev.
• C-14 activity below USA authorized limit values; shipped as non-hazardous material
under Code UN2911; easy handling of the source and instrument. No license is
needed in most countries.
1.4 Design of the C14 BETA

A complete particulate measuring assembly consists of the following four main parts:
• Central Monitoring Unit (C14 BETA)
• Ambient Inlet Sampling System
• Variable Controlled Rotary Vane Pump

• Internal Data Recording Unit and External Communication Ports
Figures 1 and 2 on the following pages show the front and rear of the central monitoring unit,
respectively, with all essential components and connections.

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January 2003 Rev.
Figure 1: Front of the C14 BETA Central Monitoring Unit
Identification of Figure 1 Components

(1) Connection to the ambient sampling tube
(2) Air supply to the measuring section
(3) Measuring head with detector
(4) Filter tape feed reel
(5) Filter tape take-up reel
(6) Filter tape transport sensor reel
(7) Lever for opening the filter gap
(8) Display for readout of the measured values and for input of parameters in
interactive menu mode. 4 soft-keys, 3 LED's for operational, warning, and error
status indication, respectively.

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January 2003 Rev.
Figure 2: Rear of the C14 BETA Central Monitoring Unit
Identification of Figure 2 Components

(20) Pump connection socket 10 mm ∅ (vacuum connection)
(21) Power switch, power connection plug and fuse
(22) Special power supply for the pump
(23) Power supply for external tube heater
(24) Connector for temperature sensors: inlet and external heater
(25) Connector for the regulation voltage of the RPM regulated pump
(26) Parallel interface with 50 pin data plug (option)
(27) Plug standard bit I/O expansion for 6 added outputs (relay) and 4 inputs (option)
(28) Plug analog expansion 4 additional analog outputs 4...20 mA (Option)
(29) Expansion of the analog-I/Os with 8 in- and 4 outputs (Option)
(30) RS 485 interface (Option)
(31) Status signals and analog output of concentration.
(32) COM2 serial interface V.24/RS 232, 9 pin. D-Sub-plug
(33) COM1 serial interface V.24/RS 232, 25 pin. D-Sub-plug
(34) Buffer battery box and (on/off) switch for the High Voltage Buffer

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January 2003 Rev.
1.5 Specifications
Device name: Series FH 62 C14 Continuous Ambient Particulate Monitor
(C14 BETA)
Model: FH 62 C14 – 100 (<100 µCi 14C Source)
Measuring principle: Continuous and simultaneous particulate collection and beta ray
attenuation. Uses a single filter-spot position.
Does not use a step-wise interval of the filter tape.
Basic output function: Continuous Real-time Integrated Mass Concentration.
Measuring ranges: 0 to 5,000 µg/m³ (default) and 0 to 10,000 µg/m³
Minimum detectable limit: 9 µg/m³ (measured values)

6 µg/m³ (1/2 hour average)
4 µg/m³ (1 hour average)
Precision of 2 Monitors: 2 µg/m³ (24 h)
Resolution: 1 µg/m³ (instantaneous)
Correlation coefficient: R > 0.98
Measurement cycles: Single sampling filter spot in position for 24h (default), or when
filter load >1,500 µg. Data output is real-time and continuous.
Scanning time: 1 sec.
Shortest average: 4 second average concentration value
User-set average: 3-240 minutes average observing time (LR mode)
Averages: each full 1/2, 1, 3, and 24 hours values automatically saved as

ASCII files
Source: Carbonium-14; <3.7MBq (<100 µCi); USA exempt quantity as per

10CFR Part 20, App C; Shipped as non-dangerous goods as per
UN 2911. License not necessary in most countries
Output signals: One analog channel 4-20 mA or 0-10 V for concentration in µg/m³
(without potential free separation)

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January 2003 Rev.
Optional output signal: Potential-free separation for current-loops.
Printer/computer interface: Two V24/RS 232 C serial interfaces (COM1 and COM2)
(same baud rate)
Air flow rate: 1 m³/h (16.67 alpm) measured across internal subsonic orifice
Flow rate regulation: Internal (PI-type) with RPM regulated pump
Stability of flow rate: Better than ± 1 % with regulator
T and P sensors: 2 differential pressure sensors; one ambient pressure sensor;

one ambient temperature sensor, 2 internal temperature
sensors, one temperature sensor for heater assembly
Operating temperature: -20 °C to +40°C
Pump type: Variable controlled rotary vane pump with carbon dry rotor,
exhaust filter optional
Calibration Frequency: Annual

Operational Checks: Recommended every 1-3 months. Minimum 3-6 months.
Type of calibration checks: Set of calibration foils for zero and span mass calibration,
volumetric flow meter for flow calibration, differential pressure
gauge for P sensor calibrations, and thermometer for T sensor
calibrations
Filtering system: Glass fiber filter type (width 40 mm; length: 42 m)
Consumable materials 1 set carbon vanes for the pump

per year: 2 rolls of filter tape
Sampling heads (Inlets): - TSP total suspended particulate

- 10 µm Inlet
- Pre-separation cyclone for 5 µm medium fine particles
- PM2.5 Sharp Cut Cyclone
- PM1 Sharp Cut Cyclone
Fully microprocessor-controlled w/PC-connections at COM 1 and COM 2
Concentration data storage: 1/2 h averages for 1 year

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January 2003 Rev.
Status signals and Built-in diagnostics:

Operating status: filter change, zero adjustment mass,
zero adjustment concentration,
maintenance, calibration free, power on
Warning status: Immission value 1 and 2,
Error status: filter break, memory-error, offset,
air flow rate, sampling tube heater.
Power supply: Central unit: 110 V or 240V; 50 to 60 Hz ± 10 % ;
Pump: 110V or 240 V
Note: USEPA Testing included 110V. European TüV Testing on similar model included 220 V.
Certifications: USEPA for PM10, CARB for PM10 and PM2.5, TüV Cert.
1.6 USEPA Automated Equivalent PM10 Method: EQPM-1102-150

Thermo Andersen Series FH62C14 Continuous PM10 Monitor
Formal Description:
"Thermo Andersen Series FH 62 C14 Continuous PM10 Ambient Particulate Monitor," operated
for 24-hour average measurements; including a 10-micron Inlet; Inlet Connector; Sample Tube
with optional heater; Roof Flange Kit; Mass Foil Kit; Pump Kit; Sample Filter Tape; Operational
Settings of 1000 L/h (16.67 L/min); daily filter change; auto filter change at volumetric flow
< 950 L/h; auto filter change at Mass > 1,500 micrograms; factory default calculation mode
settings; and operational calibration and servicing as outlined in the Operator Manual.
The following conditions must be followed in order to comply with USEPA Designation EQPM-
1102-150 for ambient monitoring of PM10.
1.6.1 Operating Conditions

The USEPA method requires the C14 BETA to be operated with the parameters set to the
following values:
1. Operated for 24-hour average measurements.
2. Flow rate set to 1000 L/h (16.67 L/min).
3. Daily Automatic Filter Change (1,440 min cycle time).
4. Automatic Filter Change when flow rate < 950 L/h.
5. Automatic Filter Change when sampled filter spot mass is > 1,500 mg.
6. Factory Default Calculation Mode Settings (60 min LR time, 10% STDEV, 33 sec RC
Mass Filter).
7. Optional Heating (See Section 3.10 in this Manual).
8. Calibrated with Zero and Span Mass Transfer Foil Kit for 0-5,000 µg/m3 range.
9. System Calibrated for Temperature, Barometric Pressure, and Volumetric Flow Rate.

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January 2003 Rev.
1.6.2 Hardware Requirements:

The USEPA method requires the C14 BETA to be installed with the following Thermo Andersen
hardware:
1. 10-micron omni-directional inlet operated at 16.67 L/min (e.g., Model SA246b or as
specified in 40 CFR 50, Appendix L)
2. Inlet to Sample Tube Connector
3. Sample Tube with Optional Heater (See Section 3.10)
4. Roof Flange Kit
5. Series FH 62 C14 Continuous Ambient Particulate Monitor - Central Monitoring Unit
6. Pump Kit
7. Glass Fiber Filter Sample Tape
8. Vertical Stabilization of Sample Tube as necessary
1.7 Additional Configurations

In Section 1.6, the standard operational and hardware parameters are discussed for a Federal
Equivalent Method for PM10. However, by modifying the inlet hardware the C14 BETA can
become a correlated acceptable continuous (CAC) instrument for PM2.5. Furthermore, with
additional inlet options the C14 BETA is also used for TSP or PM1 sampling.
Overall, ambient TSP monitoring is accomplished by replacing the 10-micron inlet with a TSP
inlet; ambient PM2.5 monitoring is accomplished by adding a 2.5 micron sharp-cut cyclone or
WINS impactor downstream of the 10 micron inlet; and likewise PM1 monitoring is
accomplished by adding a 1 micron sharp-cut cyclone downstream of the 10 micron inlet.
Furthermore, the C14 BETA can be used for direct PM10-2.5 sampling if an appropriate
enrichment process (e.g., virtual impaction) is provided upstream of the Central Monitoring Unit.
Applying the C14 BETA as a CEM for diesel or stack particulate emissions is at the research
stage.

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January 2003 Rev.
2 Hardware Installation and Startup
2.1 Installation
As with any electronic instrument, the C14 BETA has to be set up with regard to the permissible
ambient conditions.
Storage and transport of the instrument are possible within a temperature range between -30°
and +60°C. According to the relevant guidelines, the operation of the instrument is permissible
within an ambient temperature range of -20°C to +40°C.
The condensation of water in and around the C14 BETA and rapid temperature changes must
be prevented! If an air-conditioned shelter is used and the ambient area is warm and humid, it
is recommended to install the optional sampling tube heater (See Section 3.10).
Furthermore, the instrument must be protected from precipitation and sharp thermal effects.
Thermo Andersen, Inc. offers a fully insulated and ventilated ambient shelter for direct ambient
installations where applicable. When the central unit is installed in an ambient shelter, the
housing must have the protection IP54 liquid tight couplings and roof flange. The sample tube
leading out of the roof must have a liquid tight fitting as well. Where necessary, the C14 BETA
can also be installed within an air-conditioned micro-shelter.
2.2 Connections and Startup

1) Connect sample tube (see Figures 1 and 2 above):
Connect the sample tube to the central unit at point (#1). Tighten the tube with the
big knurled nut firmly. Fix the ambient inlet on the top of the sample tube. If a long
sampling tube (e.g. 3 m long) is used, an additional fitting is necessary for stability
reasons.
2) Connection of the optional Heated Sampling Tube (see specification No. ZT-030E)
Connect the sample tube: (see Fig. 1).

Connect 9-pin. plug of the external temperature sensors at socket marked SENSORS
#24.
Remove the dummy sensors T1 and T4 from off of the internal circuit board.
Connect the 2 sensor cables from the rear plug (24) to the main board.
Connect the power supply plug of the heater to socket marked HEATER 3A (#23).
3) Connection of the pump:
Connect the hose of the pump to the pump connection socket (#20).
Connect the power cord of the pump to an external power supply (240V/50 Hz or

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January 2003 Rev.
110V/50Hz/60 Hz).
Connect 9-pin. plug of the RPM controlled pump to socket "PUMP 0-10V“ (#25).
4) Connect the optional chart recorder (4 - 20mA / 0-10V) to the I/O Port (#31) if applicable,
5) Connection of a network computer (option)
Connect the network computer to the optional 50-pin plug 50 PIN CONNECTOR
(#26) and/or a PC or Laptop to the serial interfaces COM1" (#33) or COM2 (#32)
Set the parameters of the serial interfaces
6) Connect the power supply of the central unit (#21) with an externally compatible power
supply (100-240V, 50/60 Hz).
7) Verify that a filter tape is attached to the feed reel (#4) and take-up reel (#5), if not
consult Section 2.3
8) If there is not a filter tape inserted, the pump will be switched off in order to prevent the
measuring chamber from accumulating particulate and debris.
!
ATTENTION:
The instrument has internally sensitive foils. These foils and the detector window can be
damaged when the air inlet is blocked while the pump is running.
8) After establishing all connections, the device is ready for use. Turn it on with the power
switch (#21). The instrument will start automatically with a filter change. The pump will
switch on and the monitor will run in the normal operating mode after zeroing of the filter
mass is completed (~5-8 minutes).
!
ATTENTION:
After the first power ON, the detector needs 3 to 4 hours for stabilization. The instrument
will generally display negative mass and concentration values during this time. After 4-
hours, trigger a filter change. To prevent this effect, set the switch no. 34 (Fig 2) to HV-
buffer. This will maintain a voltage across the detector during a power outage and
minimize measurement loss.

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January 2003 Rev.
2.2.1 Analog Output Settings
Note: Unless specified upon order, the C14 BETA comes equipped with a default analog output
signal of 0-20 milliamps (mA). In order to configure the C14 BETA for an analog output
of 0-10 volts (V), jumpers on the main circuit board must be repositioned. If the output
signal jumpers are to be changed, TURN THE POWER TO THE INSTRUMENT OFF
FIRST AND UNPLUG FROM THE POWER SUPPLY!
The C14 BETA analog output of particulate concentration can be accessed from either the front
or rear I/O Socket on the central unit. Pin numbers 12 and 13 from the I/O Socket are used as
the (+) 0-20mA/0-10V Concentration Signal and as the (-)20mA/Ground connectors,
respectively. A descriptive figure of the I/O Connection Socket is provided in Section 8.8 of this
manual.
In order to switch the analog output signal of your C14 BETA from mA to V, the jumper settings
on the circuit board must be changed. Please reference Figure 17 on Page 128 of this
Operations Manual. In this figure, locate the four (4) connectors labeled x10, x11, x24, and x25
towards the right side of the circuit board. These connectors run from top to bottom in this
figure and are towards the rear of the instrument. Each connector comes from the factory with
the jumpers connected to pins 3-4 and 7-8, and this provides an analog output of 0-20 mA.
For a description of the connector pin layout, see the upper right hand corner of Figure 17
labeled:
Pin No.
To complete a change of jumpers, access the circuit board by unscrewing the six (6) small
screws on the small access panel on the lower rear of the instrument (Be sure to disconnect the
power supply before accessing the circuit board). Gently pull the panel with fixed circuit board
outward only 2 inches to expose the connectors.
To configure the analog output for voltage, change the jumper settings on connector x10 and
x24 only (as referenced on Figure 17) to provide a 1-3 and 7-8 jumper setting per connector.
Do not change the jumper settings on connectors x11 and x25. Gently insert the circuit board
and secure the rear access panel with the six (6) screws. Power on the central unit and check
for voltage output readings.
Note: Although the jumpers have been set for a voltage output signal, the Display Menu will still
show mA as the analog output. Please apply 0 mA = 0 V; 4 mA = 2 V; 20 mA = 10 V.
To revert back to a analog output in mA, follow the above instructions and place the x10 and
x24 connectors into the original jumper settings of 3-4 and 7-8.
Additional information regarding Serial Interface Output is discussed in Sections 3.9 and 3.11.
Remote communications are discussed in Section 6.

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January 2003 Rev.
2.3 Loading the Filter Tape

1) Open the front cover of the central unit, unscrew the knurled nuts on the feed reel
(#4) and the take-up reel (#5) and remove the old filter tape. You may tear the tape
entering and leaving the measurement chamber if necessary.
2) Place the new filter tape reel on the left reel spindle (#4) and turn the new filter tape
reel clockwise until approximately 30cm of tape is unwound.
3) Switch on "Power" (#21) at the C14 BETA (if not already on).
4) Press NEXT 2 times, and the MAINTENANCE Menu should appear on the display.
5) Press YES, then NO to enter the interactive maintenance mode and enable the
keyboard.
6) Press NEXT 2 times, then YES to OPEN HEAD: The measuring head should open
and remain in this position.
7) Insert the filter tape, from left to right, into the gap between top (#2) and bottom (#3)
part of the measuring chamber. Be sure to wrap the filter tape around the
sintered filter tape transport sensor reel (#6).
8) Attach the free end of the filter tape on the cardboard sleeve of the take-up reel
(#5) with adhesive tape, and now by hand roll the take-up reel clockwise until the
tape wraps around itself at least once.
9) Tighten both knurled nuts on each reel (#4, 5).
10) Press the key BACK, until the LCD shows the Main Menu Display with µg/m³
Initiate a filter change by pressing FC + Z in the lower left-hand corner.
Note: If the take-up reel (#5) does not pull the tape, the filter tape has not been properly fixed
and the pump will be switched off. The filter tape and reels should be checked and a filter
change initiated with the FC + Z key one more time.
OPTIONAL PROCEDURES FOR PRINTER AND SEPARATION TAPE

The standard version of the C14 BETA does not come equipped with a printer or separation
tape. During the filter tape loading procedure (above), the filter tape would also be fed through
the printer after passing through the measurement chamber. Instructions for installing the
printer would be included in separate packaging. In general, the printer is located above the
take-up reel after sampling has been completed and does not interfere with the measurements.
The separation tape would be located below the take-up reel. If the user chooses to perform
speciation sampling off the filter spots, a separation foil spool is attached below the take-up
reel. At anytime this can be introduced and does not require input from the C14 BETA
computer. Instructions for installation will be included in separate packaging.

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January 2003 Rev.
3 Principle of Operation
3.1 Principle of Measurement

The C14 BETA uses the radiometric principle of beta attenuation through a known area on a
fibrous filter tape to continuously detect the mass of deposited ambient particles. Additionally,
the C14 BETA measures alpha particle emissions directly from the ambient aerosol being
sampled and excludes negative mass artifacts from the daughter nuclides of radon gas decay
to achieve a refined mass measurement. Simultaneous refined mass measurements of
sampled particulate on the filter tape and sample volume measurement provide a continuous
concentration measurement of ambient PM10.
Figure 3 below provides a schematic of the components used within the C14 BETA. Within the
measurement chamber the four (4) key components are 1) the proportional detector, 2) particle
collection onto a glass fiber filter tape, 3) a vertical moving vacuum chamber plate, and 4) the
14
C beta source <100 µCi (<3.7 Mbq). Based on this schematic, a description of operation is
provided.
FIGURE 3: C14 BETA Schematic
Heated
Zone HV Applied
to Detector
RH<60%
Sensors
T1..T4
P1..P3
Air Flow Rate Measurement, ∆P
RPM-Controlled Pump

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January 2003 Rev.
By default, a clean filter spot is introduced by an automatic filter change to the combined
sampling and detection chamber every 24 hours at midnight. The automatic filter changes are
controlled by the instrument firmware which halts the pump operation, lowers the vacuum
chamber plate, advances the filter tape a fixed length, raises the vacuum chamber plate, and
initiates the pump operation and a zeroing of the detector. Immediately after a filter change, a
new measurement cycle is initiated with an automatic zero adjustment of the mass signal. The
filter change interval and time can be user adjusted. Additionally, automatic filter changes will
occur if the mass on the filter exceeds 1,500 µg since the last filter change or if the flow rate
through the filter tape is reduced by more than 5% due to potentially restrictive particle
deposition.
Ambient air is drawn into a 10 micron (µm) size selective inlet which discriminates against
particles with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter above 10 µm. This inlet has been approved
previously through prior USEPA designations (RFPS-0699-130, 131, and 132) for Thermo
Andersen, Inc. (previously Andersen Instruments, Inc.) and is also listed within 40 CFR Part 50,
Appendix L as a 10-MICRON INLET (including model SA246b). The volumetric flow rate at the
inlet entrance is 16.67 liters per minute, thus the d50 for this inlet is for ambient PM10
measurements. In addition, the ambient temperature is measured via a naturally aspirated
radiation shield and thermocouple sensor (T1) as part of the volumetric flow control.
Note: TSP Inlets are also compatible and further particle discrimination would be achieved by inserting a PM2.5 or
PM1 cyclone between the 10-micron inlet and sample tube.
The ambient particulate is then drawn down a vertically mounted heated sample tube. The heat
applied to the sampling tube is adjustable for the region and/or season of sampling or variably
adjusted by the central unit (see Section 3.10). The purpose of heating the sample tube is to
reduce particle bound water and to decrease the relative humidity (RH) of the sample stream
below 60%. This is done to reduce positive artifact measurement that can potentially occur as a
result of condensation on the filter tape. The heater temperature (T4) is measured by a
thermocouple fixed and insulated against the stainless sampling tube just prior to entering the
C14 BETA. The heater temperature is controlled by the CPU through an external heater box
(not shown in Figure 3).
At the location where the sampling tube attaches to the C14 BETA body, a curved insulated
tube (with a radius to avoid abrupt turns) joins the sampling tube to the collection chamber.
Here the particulate is drawn onto the glass fiber filter tape and is now positioned between the
14
proportional detector (above) and the C beta source (below). Here the beta beam passes
upwards through the filter tape and the accumulated particulate layer. The intensity of the beta
beam is attenuated with the increasing mass load, leading to a decreased count rate (R1) from
the detector. From a continuously integrated count rate the mass on the filter tape is
calculated. During sampling, the mass on the filter spot is always known and the rate of
particulate accumulation is observed.
A continuous measurement of the flow rate determines the sample volume. A regulated rotary
vane vacuum pump is used to maintain the sample flow rate at its nominal value. From both
integrated sample volume and mass detection the particulate concentration is calculated. At

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January 2003 Rev.
any given time the output signal delivers the concentration of particulate in actual or standard
conditions via a 0-10 volt output signal.
Additionally, the C14 BETA proportional detector is sensitive to natural alpha activity of the
aerosol passing through the sampling system. The additional alpha count rate (R2) is used to
measure the presence of Radon gas and infer the daughter nuclides of Radon gas. These
daughter nuclides create a small beta emission. This externally sampled beta emission is
perceived by the detector to be a higher count rate and the higher the count rate, the less
apparent mass detected. Therefore, by measuring the natural alpha activity due to Radon gas,
the proportional beta interference from the daughter nuclide emissions are subtracted from the
(R1) count rate in order to present to the instrument a refined mass measurement. This
potential error from Radon gas interference may be (in lower strength radioactive devices; e.g.;
<100 µCi) as high as actual particle concentrations, especially after filter change or when the
natural activity concentration changes. The C14 BETA has implemented this procedure to
determine separately the natural activity in the aerosol and to eliminate this error. This
procedure further allows the C14 BETA to provide a more stable reading at lower ambient
particulate concentrations compared to similar methods. Furthermore, from this information the
activity concentration of the natural noble gas Radon is derived.
The measurement chamber also houses two (2) temperature sensors in the upper (T2) and
lower (T3) portions of the chamber. The T2 sensor directly measures the temperature of the
incoming sample stream from the outlet as part of a continuous air mass compensation
algorithm. The T3 sensor directly measures the temperature of the filtered air mass entering
the differential orifice, prior to the pump system. The T3 and T1 (ambient) sensor
measurements are combined within a firmware algorithm to maintain an accurate measurement
and control of volumetric flow at the PM10 inlet and through the differential orifice.
The C14 BETA also includes three pressure sensors, P1, P2, and P3 and these sensors
measures the differential pressure across a subsonic orifice, pressure under the filter tape, and
barometric pressure, respectively. The P1 sensor is solely used for measurement at the orifice
for flow rate control. P2 is used primarily for air mass compensation and is also used as an
indicator for clogging of the system. P3 is used for air mass compensation and for volumetric
flow rate regulation.
The vacuum pump system is built on a calibrated feedback signal from the CPU to the
regulated carbon vane pump using a 0-10 volt control signal. By using this flow control, pump
life is extended, heat buildup and noise are minimized, and flow stability is easily maintained.
3.2 Calculation of Particulate Mass on Filter Tape
The detector of the C14 BETA delivers a count rate, which is proportional to the intensity of the
beta beam. The mass is calculated from this count rate according to Equation 3.1:

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January 2003 Rev.
 R1 0 
m R = F cal ∗ ln   Eq. (3.1)
 R1 − F R 1 / R 2 * ( R 2 − R 2 ) 
 0 
where;
mR = mass loading in micrograms [µg],
R1o = background β count rate with an unloaded filter [1/s],
R1 = the gross β count rate with a loaded filter at threshold S1 = 60 mV [1/s],
FCAL = mass foil calibration factor in micrograms [µg],
FR1/R2 = the β : α count rate ratio,
R2 = the gross α count rate of natural aerosol radioactivity at
threshold S2 = 3750 mV [1/s], and
R2o = background α count rate [1/s]
The theoretical calibration factor is given by Equation 3.2.
A 2
Fcal = = * mg ≈ 6,600µg Eq. (3.2)
µ / ρ 0.3
where;
A = filter spot area (cm2), and
µ/ρ = mass attenuation coefficient for C-14 [cm²/mg]
For continuous air mass compensation during changing temperature and pressure, Equation
3.3 is applied:
m = m R + ( k T 2 * ∆ T 2 ) + ( k P 2 * ∆ Pu ) + ( k abs * ∆ Pabs ) Eq. (3.3)

where;
m = compensated mass [µg],
mR = raw mass [µg],
∆T2 = T2 – T2o,
∆Pu = Pu – PUo,
∆Pabs = Pabs - Pabs0,
kT2 = temperature coefficient [µg/K],
kP2 = sub-filter pressure coefficient [µg/hPa],
kabs = barometric pressure coefficient [µg/hPa],
T2 = temperature in the measurement section [K],
T2o = temperature [K] in the measurement section at the last filter change,
Pu = sub-filter pressure in the measurement chamber [hPa],
Pu0 = sub-filter pressure in the measurement chamber [hPa] after filter change,
Pabs = barometric pressure [hPa],
Pabs0 = barometric pressure [hPa] at the last filter change

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January 2003 Rev.
After the filter change, the measurement system is continuously adjusted from the initial
temperature and pressure measurements to the changing measurements, and are continuously
corrected for. Below are the correction factors for the air mass change in the active volume:
T2 temperature coefficient for PM10 13.8 µg/K

sampling (kT2)
Pabs barometric pressure coefficient 4.0 µg/hPa
for particulate sampling (kabs)
Sub-filter pressure in measurement 1.05 µg/hPa
chamber (kP2)
3.3 Detection Limit of Particulate Mass
The mass signal (m) generally shows minor fluctuations. The reason for this is short-term
variations in the radioactive source decay of the C14 BETA. Thus, the standard deviation for
the count rate is given by Equation 3.4:
R1
σR = Eq. (3.4)
2τ
where;
σR = Standard deviation of the count rate [1/S], and
τ = Firmware driven time constant for mass [s]
In order to smooth this short-term variability of the dependent standard deviation, a digital low
pass filter with a selectable time constant (τ) is inserted. The factory setting is 33 s. From
Equations 1 and 4 the standard deviation of the mass σm is calculated in Equation 3.5:
σ m = Fcal / 2τ R 1 Eq. (3.5)
Please note that the higher the count rate (R) and time constant (τ), the lower the standard
deviation of the mass signal σm will be.
3.4 Calculation of the Concentration

The C14 BETA uses five (5) different algorithm modes for calculating the particulate mass
concentration.
3.4.1 Linear regression with fixed regression time (TReg)

Calculation Mode: USEPA Designation Mode for PM10

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January 2003 Rev.
The mass signal passes through a digital filter with the time constant RC, where RC = 1/30th of
the selected regression time (TReg). From the temporal course of the mass values, the slope is
calculated using the least mean square method with a linear approximation function with 60
values. The slope of the linear function is the rate change of mass (dm/dt) on the filter tape,
which is proportional to the mass concentration. As the output signal fluctuates due to the
variability of the β -source decay, a fixed time is necessary to calculate the slope with sufficient
accuracy. The time interval for calculating the slope is TReg. The setting for TReg ranges from 5
min to 240 min. The last 60 mass measurements (mLRi) are stored in memory according to the
scanning rate (ti). The amount of sample volume drawn through the filter tape, since the last
th
scan, is also saved as an interval sample volume in memory. The scanning rate is 1/60 of
TReg. After each scan, the slope of dm/dt is used to calculate the new concentration. The
output concentration is updated every minute at a default regression time of 60 minutes (Used
for USEPA Designation). The output concentration corresponds to the mass increase of the
last hour via a moving regression window. Equation 3.6 is used for calculating the slope:
N _
dm LR
∑ (t i − t ) * mi )
i =1
= N
Eq. (3.6)
dt _
∑ (t
i =1
i − t ) ⋅ ti
where; dmLR/dt = rate of the increasing mass [µg/s],

N = number of measurement values (typically 60),
ti = scanning time point [s],
mi = measurement value of the filter mass mLR [µg],
t = mean of all ti [s], and
m = mean of all mass interval (mi) [µg].
From the slope of the regression curve the PM10 concentration can be calculated in Equation
3.7 as:
dm LR
* TRe g
C LR = dt Eq. (3.7)
V
where; dmLR/dt = slope of the regression curve [µg/s],

TReg = regression time [s], and
V = sampled air volume during regression time [m³].

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January 2003 Rev.
For a quicker response time for varying PM10 concentrations, a shorter regression time with a
reasonable corresponding standard deviation can be used. By using longer regression times, a
higher precision can be achieved. However, the response time to varying concentrations will
also be increased. Therefore, adjustment to TReg should be made with caution. For example,
increasing the TReg may be appropriate in areas where lower concentrations are being
measured in a background ambient monitoring site, Class I wilderness area, or long range
transport locations. Similarly, a decreased TReg may be used for higher concentration areas,
such as in industrial park hot spots or remediation site clean-ups.
Figure 4 below demonstrates the dependence between the standard deviation of the PM10
concentration measurement versus a chosen regression time intervals. From this figure it can
be seen that the C14 BETA default TReg of 60 minutes provides a standard deviation of < 2
µg/m3. Furthermore, at this setting the detection limit for a 1-hour and 24-hour measurement is
3 3
4 µg/m and 1 µg/m , respectively.
FIGURE 4
PM10 Standard Deviation vs. TReg
100
10
3
σ -PM10 in ug/m
0.1
1 10 100 1000
TReg in min

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January 2003 Rev.
WARNING: The following algorithms should be limited to research applications and will
invalidate the use of the C14 BETA as a USEPA designated FEM for PM10.
3.4.2 Linear Regression with variable regression time TReg
The basic idea of the calculation mode "Linear Regression with variable Regression Time “TReg”
is a constant relative statistical error for the concentration c. The constant relative statistical
error (σ rel) is calculated in Equation 3.8.
σc
σ rel = = const . Eq. (3.8)
c
where;
σc = the standard deviation of mass concentration [µg/m3], and
c = the current concentration reading [µg/m3].
To meet this requirement, the regression time must also change with the actual concentration c.
So from Equation 3.7 and 3.8, leads to Equation 3.9 as follows:
11
TRe g = Eq. (3.9)
σ rel ⋅ dm LR / dt
In Figure 5 below, the regression time TReg is shown as a function of the concentration c for
different relative standard deviations σrel. The default value is σrel. = 10 % for the operation of
the C14 BETA .
FIGURE 5
Regression Time vs PM10 Concentration for Varying Relative Standard Deviation Values
1000
TREG (min)
20%
10%
100
5%
2%
10
1 10 100 1000
µg/m3)
CLR (µ

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January 2003 Rev.
After the determination of a shorter regression time, only a part of the data memory is used
corresponding to the new regression time. With a higher scanning rate, 60/TReg , the data
memory will fill up again to 60 values. When longer regression times are used, transition to the
new regression time takes place at a steady rate. If the changeover is shifted, for instance from
30 to 60 min, every 60s after each scan the oldest value with 30 s scanning time distance is
overwritten with the new 60s value. The regression time therefore increases each minute with
30s. At the end of an hour the new regression time is reached.
3.4.3 Calculation of the Concentration with Digital RC–Filter and Fixed Time Constant
(ratemeter mode)
Calculation Mode:
The mass signal passes through a digital filter with the time constant τ1. The filter smoothes the
statistical mass fluctuation. The signal differentiation results in the speed of mass change
(dm/dt) on the filter. Thus, dm/dt divided by the air flow rate (Φ) results in the concentration
(Ce).
The storage cycle time is four (4) seconds. Thereby, it is possible to recognize fast
concentration changes. However, Ce shows a bigger noise through this short period of time and
a second digital filtration is necessary with a second time constant (τ2).
3.4.4 Calculation of Concentration with Digital Filter and Variable Time Constant
(τRM -ratemeter mode)
The variable time constant mode uses a calculation range from 4.5-54.5 minutes with Equation
3.10 below. Here the measurement accuracy (relative standard deviation) is constant:
TRe g
τ RM = Eq. (3.10)
3 .3

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January 2003 Rev.
Both calculation modes with variable time constant (TReg and/or τRM) delivers the same chosen
standard deviation an equal statistical uncertainty, recalling that the scanning time is TReg/60. At
low concentrations the time constant (τRM) is extended longer. Therefore, the absolute
measurement accuracy will be increased. At higher concentrations the time constant is
reduced, whereby the dynamic of the instrument display is improved.
3.4.5 Calculation of the Concentration with Advanced Digital Filtering (ADF-Mode)
Calculation mode:
The advanced digital filter mode (ADF) influences the time constant, τ2 , of the digital
concentration filter only. Thereby, τ2 is changed in response to the rate of concentration change
and is not dependent on the absolute value of the concentration.
The digital mass filter time constant (τ1) is fixed at 400 seconds. The digital concentration filter
time constant (τ2) is adjusted in the range of 2-150 minutes, according to the ADF algorithm for
rate of changing concentration. Through this algorithm, τ2 and CADF are calculated every 4
seconds.
The rate of changing concentration is calculated from the input concentration (Ce). Since Ce is
influenced only with a relatively shorter time constant, τ1, Ce will follow a direct change of
concentration. Whereas, CADF will most probably be displayed later than Ce due to the
potentially longer τ2 time constant, especially if the ambient particulate concentration is rapidly
changing.
With an increasing deviation from CADF to Ce, the time constant τ2 is reduced. CADF follows the
rate of changing concentration essentially more quickly. If CADF has primarily reached the
concentration Ce, τ2 increases and the statistical variability of the output concentration, CADF, is
reduced.

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January 2003 Rev.
Through the ADF mode, a high statistical precision is reached at an optimal reaction speed to
changing concentrations. This ADF mode is also referred to as the fast peak mode.
Activity Concentration of Radon (CRn) Gas
The fraction of the Radon isotope Rn-222 in ambient air is typically less than 10% and is
neglected by most methods. However, the C14 BETA measures and corrects for this natural
activity due to potentially high interferences with beta attenuation during periods of low ambient
particulate concentrations. The activity concentration of Rn-222 can be calculated according to
Equation 3.11 as follows:
 1   R2 − R20 
C Rn =   *  
 Eq. (3.11)
 ε α 2   Φ * T222 
where;
εα2 = detection efficiency of α particles,
R2 = gross count rate above α threshold (S2 = 3,750 mV) [1/s],
R2o = background α count rate with an unloaded filter [1/s],
Φ = air flow rate [m3/s], and
T222 = 4,550 seconds; an equilibrium constant for Rn-222 daughter nuclides
Within the sampled aerosol.
Equation 3.11 is valid as soon as the radiological equilibrium of the Rn-222 decayed daughter
nuclides are reached. This is approximately 90 minutes after a filter change. During this period
the CRn just before the filter change is displayed. It is should also be mentioned that CRn is
smoothed by an algorithm with a 300 second time constant.
3.5 Calculation of Concentration Averages
The average concentration is calculated from individual cyclic concentration measurements. All
valid cyclic concentration values are summed and a 30-minute average concentration is
calculated, stamped with the time of day and date, and stored within the internal memory. If at
least 2/3rds of the cyclic concentration measurements are valid, the 30-minute average is
considered to be valid.
The C14 BETA retains 386 days of 30-minute concentration averages via the internal 512 kilo-
Byte memory. Each 30-minute record is stored with a respective date, time, instrument status,
and classification (see Section 3.6 for discussion).
Every 30-minutes the 1 hour and 3 hour average concentration is calculated as a mean value
from the latest two (2) and six (6) 30-minute average concentration values, respectively.

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January 2003 Rev.
After midnight (00:00), the daily average concentration is calculated from the valid 30-minute
averages of the previous day.
The 30-minute average, 1 hour average, 3 hour average, and 24 hour average concentrations
are displayed on the C14 BETA LCD display by pressing "DISP". These data are also available
via the serial interfaces (COM1, COM2) by remote commands and print format command.
3.6 Selectable Threshold Values
The C14 BETA has two selectable limit alarm values for the PM10 concentration. These alarm
values are called Immission value one (IW1) and Immission value two (IW2). When an alarm
value is exceeded, a yellow LED lights "status" is switched on. The status bit is set and the
relay "thresholds" falls off.
The valid 30-minute averages are divided into 20 classes ranging from 1-20. Invalid 30-minute
averages are marked as class 24 (<2/3 valid data for the 30 minute period). The immission limit
value (IW1) is a user-adjusted value within the C14 BETA software that allows for the
classification of the 30-minute averages into the 20 concentration classes:
Classes 1-10 => 30-minute averages smaller than the IW1

Classes 11-21 => 30-minute averages larger than the IW1
The class width is 1/10 of the immission value ( IW1). The class borders are as follows:
Lower class boarder => 10% * IW1 * (class 1...10)

Upper class boarder => 10% * IW1 * (class 11...21)
With this classification procedure a concentration histogram of the 30-minute averages for each
day is saved. Use of the immission limits allows the end-user the opportunity to classify the
frequency of concentrations. For example if two governing thresholds exist, 200% of each
standard could be entered as the immission limit. After a given period of monitoring these
values can be downloaded from memory. With each value given a classification code, the
values can be sorted by classification code to observe the frequency in which the
measurements exists relative to the air quality standard in 10% increments with the lower 50%
being below the governing threshold and the upper 50% being above the governing threshold.
3.7 Measurement Control
The automatic measurement of the C14 BETA includes a microprocessor controlled cycle upon
each filter change that includes four (4) distinct steps. The first three steps last for 8 minutes
and the sampling step usually lasts up to 1,432 minutes, depending upon filter loading. The
steps are listed below in chronological order:

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January 2003 Rev.
1) mechanical filter change

2) determination of the zero count rates
3) precision balance of the mass zero point
4) continuous measurement until next filter change.
3.7.1 Mechanical Filter Change Description

The pump is switched off at the beginning of a filter change. The lower vacuum chamber plate
is lowered approximately 1 centimeter and the measurement chamber is now open. A new filter
tape section is fed 35 millimeters, from left to right, into the measurement chamber. The
vacuum chamber plate is lifted, the filter gap is now closed, and the pump is switched on.
This portion of the filter change lasts 30 seconds. During this phase a yellow LED status light is
on and the status 0009 is indicated in the automatic operation.
Should a mechanical error occur, an installed module checks for a filter brake or the end of a
reel of filter tape. If the filter transport does not work properly, the pump is switched off
automatically and the filter transport motor is timed out.
3.7.2 Plateau Check and Determination of the Zero Count Rates

After the filter change is completed and the pump is running, the count rates of the clean filter
spot are measured and averaged (Ro) over 150 seconds. During this phase the status shows
0002.
During the first 50 seconds of this step the threshold S2 of counter R2 is changed from the
threshold value for discrimination of alpha particles, S2 = 4500 mV, to the reference threshold
for S2 ref (typically 400 mV). S2ref has been determined by the ratio R2(S2 ref )/R1 = 50 % during
factory setup and maintenance. The count rate R2(S2 ref) is measured during the first 50
seconds. During the remaining 100 seconds the background count rate R2,0 at the threshold S2
= 4500 mV is measured. The count rate R1,0 with the blank filter is measured during the
complete 150 seconds. The actual ratio R2(S2 ref )/R1,0 is checked for its duration to 50 % and if
needed a corresponding status is set. (Note: On older units S2 = 3750 mV)
3.7.3 Precision - Determination of the Mass Zero Point

To avoid concentration peaks after a filter change, it is necessary to determine exactly the initial
value of the clean filter tape. After the zero count rate determination is completed, the PM10
mass signal is averaged for 5 minutes with advanced digital filtering of the mass signal. During
this phase the status shows 0004. At the end of this phase the initial mass value is available
with high precision.
During the steps described above, all output channels of the C14 BETA (display, analog
outputs, serial interface) provide the concentration value just prior to the beginning of the filter

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January 2003 Rev.
change. Although eight minutes may seem significant, it is recognized that the C14 BETA
typically performs a filter change only once per day.
At the end of the Mass Zero Point step, the filter change parameters are checked (low pressure,
filter layer and air flow rate). If one of these parameters triggers a filter change repeatedly, an
instrument status error is implemented. Without the error status, a total take-up of the filter tape
would occur. Therefore, the pump is switched off and no further filter change is triggered. Until
the user troubleshoots the status error, operation of the instrument is interrupted.
3.7.4 Continuous Measurement of the PM10 Concentration

Following to the determination of the zero count rate, the particulate collection and
measurement process begins. Each second a new mass value and air flow rate value are
determined. Every 4 seconds (RC, ADF) or TReg (60 LR) a new concentration value is obtained.
The continuous measurement is terminated by the next filter change. According to particulate
concentration and filter change parameters, a filter change could occur from every few minutes
up to several days. The measured data are transferred to the output channels every second.
The device status is checked and set every second.
3.7.5 Cause of a Filter Change

A filter change is initiated if one of the following conditions occurs:
1) A pre-selected mass value is exceeded (i.e., 1,500 µg),
2) If a vacuum of 450 hPa in the lower vacuum chamber is measured,
3) If the air flow rate is reduced by more than 5% (i.e., 950 l/h),
4) If the filter change cycle time has elapsed (e.g., 720 min. for 2x/day),
5) If the preset filter change time occurs (e.g., 0100-2400 hrs),
6) If a digital input remote command is given through the serial interface, or
7) If the power is cycled on the unit.
3.8 Air Flow Rate Control
For the precise determination of the mass concentration in ambient air using filter sampling
methods, an exact measurement of the air flow rate is important to determine sample volume.
Precise measurements of both the air flow and particulate mass are necessary for an accurate
determination of the mass concentration.
A pressure and temperature compensated air flow rate measurement system is used in the C14
BETA, which allows the exact measurement of the air flow rate as well as the flow rate referred
to standard conditions (298 K, 1013 hPa). In addition, the standard temperature can be
adjusted to either 273 K (0 deg Celsius) or 298 K (25 deg Celsius).

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January 2003 Rev.
3.8.1 Air Flow Rate Measurement

The differential pressure method is used for the C14 BETA air flow rate measurement. A
schematic of the air flow rate regulation is provided in Figure 6 below.
FIGURE 6
Air Flow Schematic
If the pressure drop at the orifice plate is small compared to the absolute pressure (∆P/Pabs <
0.95), then the following Equation 3.12 is valid for measuring the volumetric air flow rate through
a subsonic orifice:
2
QVol = α * A * * ∆P Eq. (3.12)
ρ
where;
α = air flow discharge coefficient (~1),
A = orifice area,
∆P = pressure drop at orifice plate,
ρ = density of the air,
with Equation 3.13 providing the air density relationship of:
T0 P
ρ = ρ0 * Eq. (3.13)
T P0
where;

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January 2003 Rev.
ρ0 = Standard density of air (1.293 kg/m3 @1013 hPa & 273 K),
T0 = Standard absolute temperature, 273 K,
T = absolute temperature at operating conditions: K,
P0 = Standard absolute pressure, 1013 hPa ,
P = absolute pressure at operating conditions at the orifice, hPa
By inserting Equations 3.12 and 3.13 into the general gas law equation
T0 P
QSTD = * * QOrifice General gas law equation
T P0
The results provide Equation 3.14:
PBl
Q STD = F * * ∆ P1 Eq. (3.14)
T
where;
T = absolute temperature of the orifice (T = T3 + 273K) [K],
T3 = temperature of vacuum chamber/compensation chamber [K],
PBl = absolute pressure at the orifice plate (PBl = P3 - P2) [hPa],
F = air flow rate calibration factor
The flow rate calibration factor (F) is automatically calculated by the instrument during
calibration. It is stored in a parameter list in the internal memory and is theoretically defined in
Equation 3.15 as:
T0 2
F = α * A* * Eq. (3.15)
P0 ρ 0
The influence of manufacturing tolerances in the orifice area (A) or the orifice shape (α) are
eliminated due to the individual calibration of each unit. For α = 1 and a plate hole diameter of
2.4 mm the following factor is theoretically calculated in Equation 3.16:
F = 10.9 k / hPa / Pa Eq. (3.16)
The air flow rate measurement error which would result through an inaccurate sensor calibration
is very small. If there was a temperature error of 6°C or an absolute pressure error of 20hPa,
an air flow rate error of one percent would occur. Therefore, although sensor calibration is part
of any good Standard Operating Procedures, the user should feel calm knowing that minor
inexact sensor calibrations will not effect flow rate accuracy to a significant point of error.
Therefore, an adjustment of the air flow rate calibration factor is sufficient for the C14 BETA.

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January 2003 Rev.
Generally, the pressure drop in the air flow rate module at 1 m3/h is about 40hPa.
Air flow rate at the sampling head and/or the instrument

From the general gas law, Equation 3.17 is applied for the volumetric flow rate at the C14 BETA
ambient inlet as follows:
T1 P 0
QVolumetric = * * QSTD Eq. (317)
T 0 P3
where,
T1 = Ambient temperature sensor at the inlet [K], and
P3 = barometric pressure [hPa]
The calculation of the concentration can be selected alternatively to the volumetric air flow rate
at ambient conditions or to the standard air flow rate corrected to both standard temperature
and pressure. Both air flows are indicated in the display mode.
3.8.2 Air Flow Rate Regulation

The C14 BETA measures and regulates the air flow rate continuously. The air flow rate is
regulated using a variable speed rotation carbon vane pump (RPM-pump). It is controlled via
the C14 BETA firmware. The power input of the pump is regulated using a 0-10 volt analog
signal for adjusting the pump rate of operation, with a minimum of 2 volts required to start the
pump.
In general, samplers that use critical orifices are held to using stronger pumps. Combine the
use of a subsonic orifice with “smart” pump control and the result is a very efficient flow system.
The consumed power, waste heat, and noise level are essentially lower than normal pumps,
and the life time of the carbon vanes is approximately 2 years.
3.9 Data Output and Communication Channels
The C14 BETA provides three (3) means for data output; Instrument Display, Analog Output,
and Serial Interface
3.9.1 Instrument Display

The standard Instrument Display screen shows the current particulate concentration and the
instrument status. By pressing the display key (DISP) the following readings are shown:

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January 2003 Rev.
- actual mass on the filter tape,

- current volumetric and standard air flow rates,
- Radon activity and concentration,
- the 1/2-hr, 1-hr, 3-hr, and 24-hr averages,
- operational, warning, and error status
- date and time
3.9.2 Analog Output
The Analog Output on the C14 BETA is accessed through the I/O Port and is for the continuous
recording of “real-time” particulate concentrations by using an external analog chart recorder or
data logger. The analog outputs can be configured with circuit board jumpers (See Section
2.2.1) as voltage output (0-10V) or as current loop output (4-20mA). Each individual analog
current output can be supplied with a module for a potential-free signal separation.
For all analog outputs a live zero signal can be selected as 0mA/0V or 4mA/2V) with the latter
being recommended for data loggers noisy near zero. The assigned quantity of the span
analog output (20mA/10V) can be adjusted by the user through the Operations Menu. If the
analog I / O expansion board option has been installed, then four (4) additional analog channels
for air flow rate, ambient temperature, and two (2) user-selected configurable channels are
available for detailed data logging. The available quantities and their codes are listed on the
next page in Table 1. The code, symbol, quantity and units of measure are provided. The
other analog output channels have the following fixed assumed quantities in Table 2.

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January 2003 Rev.
TABLE 1
Analog Output Instrument Codes
code symbol quantity unit

0 T1 ambient temperature °C
1 T2 temperature over filter tape °C
2 T3 temperature under filter °C
tape
3 T4 temperature on the surface °C
of the external tube heater
4 P1 differential pressure / orifice hPa
5 P2 pressure under filter hPa
6 P3 barometric pressure hPa
7 Qn Norm air flow rate (0 °C; Nl/h
1013hPa)
8 Q-PM air flow rate (operating l/h
conditions)
9 C-LR Particulate Mass µg/m³
Concentration (linear
regression mode)
10 Conc. Particulate Mass µg/m³
Concentration (chosen
mode)
11 CADF Particulate Mass µg/m³
Concentration (ADF mode)
12 RZ Black carbon No.(option) -
13 RUKO Black carbon concentration µgBC/m³
14 Mass compensated mass µg
15 M-JP 1h-concentration (Japan
mode)

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January 2003 Rev.
TABLE 2
Fixed Analog Output Channels
channel quantity unit Remarks
No.
3 actual air flow rate l/h
4 ambient °C
temperature
5 mass µg standard mode
6 concentration 1h µg/m³ Japan mode: version No 7 or No
average 8
3.9.3 Serial Interface

There are two (2) serial interfaces, COM1 and COM2, with V.24/RS232 standard
communication ports to transmit data and measurements to a modem, computer, mini-data
logger, or printer. The communication settings for these serial interfaces are:
- 300/600/1200/2400/4800/9600 Baud rate,

- 7 data bits,
- 2 stop bits,
- parity bit even , and
- output characters in ASCII-code.
Note: The baud rate, the print cycle time and device address selected for COM1 are applied to
COM2 automatically.
Using a modem and a terminal communications program with the above settings, the C14
BETA can act as a remote instrument where ambient particulate concentration data and status
information can be retrieved.. Furthermore, remote commands can be applied to the instrument
for minor adjustments to operational parameters. Generally, the C14 BETA has been tested
with a USRobotics® Sportster® 33.6 Faxmodem and Hyperterminal® program, and results
have been reliable.
Using a mini-data logger, like the Thermo Andersen, Inc. Data-Link, the user can also write data
strings to a downloadable data logger as a means of backup to I/O data logging or recording.
The Data-Link can also be used to download internally stored information if necessary.
Lastly, an onsite printer can be used to print interval data for hard copy records.
With each or these serial interfaces, specific print formats are generally chosen prior to setup.
These print formats are provided in the Operator Manual and range from downloads of

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January 2003 Rev.
internally stored concentration and event data to instantaneous observations of concentration,

status, and flow rate according to a selected time interval.
3.10 Regulated Sample Tube Heating
At critical sampling conditions when warm, humid air is being sampled, the sample tube usually
enters a cooler air-conditioned shelter where the dew point can be reached and condensation
forms. The heating of the incoming sample air prevents water condensing inside the sample
tube and inside the filter measurement chamber. Furthermore, it is also beneficial to attempt to
lower the relative humidity of a PM10 sample to approximately 60% in an effort to mitigate
positive bias sampling from particle bound water.
The design of the C14 BETA heated sample tube system includes the entire length of stainless
steel sample tube heated below the ambient inlet to the entry of the measurement chamber.
This design uses an insulated inner stainless sample tube and outer copper sleeve. The two
(2) tubes, copper and stainless, are insulated from the base-to-top of the heater tube assembly.
At the top, the two tubes have a metal-to-metal connection. By applying two (2) power supply
connections at both the base of the copper and stainless tubes, a heated circuit is created that
runs the entire length of the sample tube. By using this approach, the C14 BETA has a sample
tube that is heated it’s entire length and any magnetic fields are cancelled out. This permits a
gradual heating of the sample rather than a flash zone of heating. In addition, older sample
tubes can be retrofitted with an 30 centimeter heating zone above the inlet to the central unit.
The C14 BETA manages a controlled power supply output (maximum 3A) for the sample tube
heater. A PID-regulator controls this output through pulse width modulation to a constant
heater temperature. A temperature sensor at the bottom of the insulated sample tube
measures the actual temperature of the sample air just prior to the measurement chamber.
This value is used for regulation to avoid overheating of the sample. Volatile losses of
substances in the ambient particulate (e.g., ammonium nitrate) should be minimized since a
minimum of daily filter changes occur. Should the site specificity call for greater attention to
higher percentages of volatile particulate, filter changes could be adjusted to 12-hour intervals.
NOTE: The point to recognize with regard to heating the sample is that short-term exposure to
a higher temperature does not necessarily generate significant volatile losses. It is the
prolonged exposure to heat that will create these losses. For example, if the filter change time
of the C14 BETA were extended from 1-day to 14-days, and ammonium nitrate was sampled
onto the filter, the short-term losses would be relatively small. However, with the same filter
spot being exposed to a heated air stream constantly, significant losses would occur within the
next 2-4 days and exponentially tail-off from there.
Therefore, by using this designed approach to sample heating, any wall losses due to magnetic
fields are eliminated and an extended residence time in a heated zone allows for a gentler
heating of the sample. With this approach it is expected that Thermo Andersen, Inc. is
achieving the removal of particle bound water, reduction of relative humidity, and retaining
volatile particulates prior to any significant loss.

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January 2003 Rev.
3.10.1 USEPA Equivalent Method - Sample Heating

During the USEPA designation testing the heater was operated at 30 degrees Celsius at two
locations. However, it is realized that the heating necessary to mitigate condensation is variable
with ambient conditions. Below is a model of heating set points necessary to assure
condensation does not occur on the filter tape sample.
FIGURE 7
Heater Temperature Model and Guidance
T able of Am bient T em peratures, D ew points, R elative H um idity, and 60% R H H eater T em peratures
%RH T a (ºC ) 43 41 38 35 32 29 27 24 21 18 16 13 10
100 43 41 38 35 32 29 27 24 21 18 16 13 10
95 42 39 37 34 31 28 26 23 20 17 14 12 9
90 41 38 36 33 31 27 25 22 19 17 14 11 8
85 40 37 35 32 29 27 24 21 18 16 13 10 7
80 39 36 34 31 28 26 23 20 17 15 12 9 7
75 38 35 33 30 27 24 22 19 16 14 11 8 6
70 37 34 32 29 26 23 21 18 15 13 10 7 4
65 35 33 30 27 24 22 19 17 14 12 9 6 3
60 34 32 29 26 23 21 18 16 13 10 7 4 2
55 32 29 27 24 22 19 17 14 12 9 6 3 1
50 31 28 26 23 20 18 15 13 10 7 5 2 0
45 29 27 24 21 18 16 13 11 8 6 3 1 ---
T 100 % R H -T 60% R H : 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 8 8 9 9 8
H eater T em p 52 50 47 44 41 37 36 32 29 26 25 22 18
Note:
The the oretical he ate r tem perature is calculate d usin g the differe nce of the am b ien t tem pe rature at 60% R H from
the am bient tem peratu re at 100 % R H . This differen ce is then added to the curren t am bient tem p erature to achieve
a m axim um a ir sam ple realtive hum idity of 60% R H .
H eater T em perature vs. Am bient T em perature for R H <60%
60
y = 1.02x + 8.01 R 2 = 0.99
50
Heater Temperature (deg C)
40
30
20 N ote: B y adding an
offset of 8 deg C , a
regulated heater can
10
m aintain R H <60% .
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Am bient T em perature (deg C )

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January 2003 Rev.
With the above model, an offset of 8 degrees Celsius applied to the heater temperature relative
to ambient temperature would assure a relative humidity value below 60% inside the
measurement chamber under worst-case ambient RH. Such ability would be a variably
controlled heater (smart heating). However, the user can apply a seasonal heater temperature
setting according to regional climatic conditions. From Figure 7 it can be seen that the use of a
fixed heater temperature setting of 30 deg C may not always be correct depending on the
climate. In addition, the highly correlated heating model above allows the user to apply a
Heater Temperature in the range of 18-52 deg C and still maintain USEPA designation.
Future versions of the C14 BETA heater should automatically adjust the heater settings and
operate as a “smart heater”.
3.11 Internal Memory Storage
The C14 BETA manages three log files, all of which have cyclic memory storing the latest data.
Once this memory is full, any new data will overwrite the oldest record in the buffer. These log
files contain three (3) types of data:
- Date, Time, Status, Class, and 30-min average concentration (Print Format 39),
- Parameter changes to Operations Menu, Calibration Factors (Print Format 9), and
- Logbook of status changes and sensor values (Print Format 11 & 13).
These storage records are not user erasable and their content can be retrieved through the
serial port interfaces.
3.11.1 30-minute Averages

The file of the 30-minute average values has the following block structure:
- Date/time of day,
- Status,
- Class, and
- 30-minute concentration average.
The entry is done every full 30-minutes, as long as the instrument power is on. The status
contains all instrument information as it appeared during the past 30-minute interval. The class
(1-21) corresponds to the concentration class divided according to the selected threshold.
The 30-minute concentration average is the arithmetic average of the current concentration
values during the last error-free 30-minute interval of an hour. If the instrument was not in a
normal operating mode for more than 10 minutes of the 30-min cycle, no concentration average
is calculated and it is entered as class disturbance (class 24).

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January 2003 Rev.
The 30-minute average file contains 18,650 records, which provides 1 year and 21 days worth
of data and an example would be Print Format 39.
3.11.2 List of Parameter Changes

The list of parameter changes contains the following block structure:
- Date and time of day of the change,

- changed parameters,
- old value, and
- new value.
This list tracks any changes made to the instrument. An entry in this list occurs if a parameter is
changed via the keyboard or serial interface. Multiple attempts at changing a parameter with an
equal value causes no change to the tracking entries. Therefore, only those parameters
entered in the list which differ from the stored parameters in the memory will show a change.
With this list, the parameter changes in the C14 BETA are documented exactly. The list of
parameter changes has 22 records and an example would be Print Format 9.
3.11.3 Logbook
The electronic logbook serves as a failure check for service. An entry in the logbook always
occurs if any status bit has changed due to fault or error. The logbook contains the following
block structure:
- Date and time of day,

- detailed error status,
- global instrument status,
- Concentration,
- Mass,
- air flow rate,
- all temperature sensor values,
- all pressure sensor values,
By interpreting the detailed error status, the instrument user can troubleshoot any
malfunctioning components. This is an enormous assistance in repairing the instrument and
ordering replacement parts.
The logbook retains 1,632 records and an example would be Print Formats 11 and 13.
In addition to the log files discussed above, a full list of available Print Formats is discussed in
Section 7.3.

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January 2003 Rev.
3.12 Power Failure
Upon the resumption of power after an outage of more than 200 milliseconds, the instrument
automatically restarts the processor and an automatic filter change is triggered with a following
zero adjustment. Subsequently the sampling and measurement is continued. As consequence
to the filter change the mass value goes down to 0 after a cycling of the power. The stored
concentration values and all parameter settings remain unaffected in nonvolatile memory.

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January 2003 Rev.
4 C14 BETA Menu Operation FIGURE 8 - Overview of C14 BETA Menu
NEXT
STATUS : 0000 NORMAL OPERATION MAITENANCE CALIBRATION

ERROR : 00 *********************** *********************** *************************
CONCENTR: 75 ug/m3 NEXT NEXT NEXT
DISP BACK NEXT YES BACK NEXT YES BACK NEXT YES BACK NEXT
DISP
KEYS LOCKED ? KEYS LOCKED ? KEYS LOCKED ?
NEXT
NEXT NEXT
CONCENTR : 75 ug/m3
MASS : 1251 ug
AIR FLOW : 1001 l/h SERIAL DATA OUTPUT
SWITCH PUMP CHANGE NO.
COM 1 / COM 2
BACK NEXT
NEXT
NEXT NEXT
NEXT
FILTER CHANGE PARAMET OPEN HEAD CALIBRATION CODE
NEXT
NEXT NEXT
AIR FLOW
VOL. HEAD : 1001 l/h
NORM 273 K : 897 Nl/h
REGULATOR EXT. HEATER MOVE FILTER STRIP CALIBR. AMPLIFICATION
BACK NEXT
NEXT NEXT
NEXT
NEXT
REGULATOR AIR FLOW CLOSE HEAD + ZERO
NEXT NEXT
MEAN VALUES in ug/m3 CALIBRATION MASS CALIBRATION CALIBRATION
1/2 h : 55 1 h : 50 TEMPERATURE AND
3 h : 54 24 h : 53 FOIL CALIBRATION AIR FLOW RATE PRESSURE SENSORS
LIMITS CONCENTRATION ZERO COUNT RATE R0 MASS EEPROM SAVE
PROCEDURE
BACK NEXT YES BACK NEXT YES BACK NEXT YES BACK NEXT
NEXT NEXT
NEXT YES YES YES

LANGUAGE HIGH VOLTAGE
CONFIGURATION
NEXT NEXT
RADON CONTENT
CONCENTR. 40 Bq/m3
NAT. ACT. 25 Bq
ANALOG TEST OUT
BACK NEXT
NEXT
NEXT
RELAY TEST
NEXT
STATUS
0000 0000 0000 0000
BIT INPUT
TEXT BACK NEXT
NEXT
ANALOG INPUT IN mV
NEXT
NEXT
DATE / TIME
T1 ... T4 , P1 ... P3 , Q1
NEXT
at COM 1 RECEIVED CHARA
NEXT
at COM 2 RECEIVED CHARA
NEXT
NEXT
RELOAD FROM EEPROM ?

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January 2003 Rev.
4.1 Use of the keypad

In Figure 8 above, a flow chart of the menu operations is provided as a navigational reference.
The keypad contains four menu controlled keys, which combine the LCD to form an input unit
The keypad selections are displayed on the bottom line of the LCD screen directly above the
keypad.
NEXT : Movement in the menu; switch to the next screen, enters data input ,
BACK Movement in the menu; switch to the previous screen,
YES : Movement to a submenu, Execution of actions which are described in the display,
Switches on parameter flags.
NO Switch off parameter flags.
+,- : decreasing/increasing input values and parameters.
Further keypad functions are described at the individual Menu points.
In the normal operation the keyboard is disabled. Most of the menu points and displays are
reachable with the keys BACK, NEXT and YES. Parameter changes are only possible if the
keyboard is enabled.
4.2 Keypad Enabled Interface

Keyboard and serial interfaces (COM1, COM2) are enabled alternatively. The normal state,
when the keyboard is locked is identified as follows:
- Green LED “READY" light is switched on

- Yellow LED “STATUS" light is switched off
- Red LED “STATUS” light is switched off
- The keyboard is disabled; no parameter change,
- No Filter change initiation possible
- Serial and optional parallel interfaces are active
At the beginning of the operation-, maintenance - and calibration menu the keyboard has to be
unlocked. When prompted, KEYS LOCKED?, the user responds by pressing NO to unlock the
keys:
- the LED "STATUS" light is switched on

- the keyboard is free: all parameters can changed with "+/-" keys,
- with the key "FC+Z" a filter change can be triggered.
- Serial and parallel interfaces are disabled and control signals on the
serial bus and at the bit input remain unaffected.
- All relays are activated apart from the relay "hand/automatic ".

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January 2003 Rev.
If more than 4 minutes pass and no key is pressed, then the instrument returns automatically to
the normal operation, the keyboard is locked and the instrument returns to the main display.
4.2.1 Value Display Mode
In the NORMAL operating mode the Main Menu screen is displayed (see below left). The Main
Menu shows the instrument status and the particulate concentration.
During filter change the Main Menu progresses through these three displays:
STATUS:0000 NORMAL STATUS:0009 CHANGE STATUS:0002 ZERO
ERROR: 00 ERROR: 00 ERROR: 00
CONCENTR: 78ug/m3 CONCENTR: 78ug/m3 CONCENTR: 78ug/m3
DISP BACK NEXT DISP BACK NEXT DISP BACK NEXT
When the keypad is “enabled” the screen shows the following screen with “HAND” in the upper
portion of the screen:
STATUS:0000 HAND
ERROR: 00 FC+Z: trigger a filter change and zero balance
CONCENTR: 78ug/m3
FC+Z DISP BACK NEXT
Note: If the instrument is set to report ambient particulate in standard conditions, then the
concentration will display units of µg/Nm3.
STATUS:0000 HAND The DISP key accesses the display of particulate mass, air flow
ERROR: 00 rate, average values, error status and date/time of day from the
CONCENTR: 78ug/m3 Main Menu:
FC+Z DISP BACK NEXT Press DISPLAY Key:
CONCENTR: 78 ug/m3 Displays the particulate concentration, particulate mass and

MASS : 1239 ug actual air flow rate.
AIR FLOW: 1000 l/h Press NEXT,
BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
AIR FLOW Displays the air flow rate at the sampling inlet
VOL.HEAD: 1000 l/h and the standard air flow rate (1013 hPa, 0 or 25 degree Celsius)
NORM 273K: 897 Nl/h Press NEXT,
BACK NEXT
MEAN VALUES IN ug/m3 Displays the average particulate concentration values:

1/2h: 95 1h: 43 30 min, 1 hr, 3 hr, and 24 hr averages
3h: 36 24h: 25 Press NEXT,
BACK NEXT
RADON CONTENT
CONCENTR: 40 Bq/m³ Displays the Radon content in the sampled particulate.
NAT.ACT. 25 Bq Press NEXT,
BACK NEXT
STATUS: 3408
pump off For more information press TEXT regarding any Status or Error
conc > ImmissionLimit Codes
TEXT BACK NEXT
ERROR STATUS: Displays the error status. Each field represents four bits. The
0000 0000 0000 0000 exact definitions are explained in Section 7.1
LAST TEXT BACK NEXT

Press TEXT Key:
A text description of the instrument error provides an abbreviated

ERROR STATUS: description. If more than 2 errors are displayed, the remaining
AIR FLOW RATE ! errors are displayed by repeatedly pressing the TEXT key.
TUBE HEATING! Press NEXT
TEXT BACK NEXT
Adjust the date and time of day with the SET key. This must be
DATE/TIME done when the keys are enabled (i.e., keypad unlocked)
92-07-23 13:39:21
Press NEXT,
SET BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
Examples of Menu Screen while setting the time and date

DATE/TIME Year, Month, Date, Hour, Minute, and Second can all be adjusted
02-07-23 14:30:21 by using the +/- Keys.
YEAR: 02 Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
DATE/TIME
92-07-23 13:39:21 Press NEXT
SECOND: 21
- + BACK NEXT
4.2.2 Operation Menu

From the Main Display, Press NEXT once and the Operations Menu will appear.
Key
OPERATION
YES: to display the Operations sub menu.
********************
BACK: to the Main Display
NEXT: to the Maintenance Menu
YES BACK NEXT
NOTE: When changing parameters, pressing the NEXT key will lock the value in place. If
a parameter is changed and the BACK key is pressed, the parameter change may not
have been recognized. If you wish to save any operational parameter changes as default
settings, then save these values via the Calibration Menu, otherwise changes can be lost
if a power disruption occurs.
OPERATION With the keys YES and NO, the Operations Menu is shifted
KEYS LOCKED? between keyboard and serial interfaces. Without enabling the
(ON LINE) YES keypad, no parameters can be changed and no actions can be
NO YES BACK NEXT triggered.
4.2.2.1 Serial Data Output
OPERATION COM2 is the toggle key for the COM port selection. With
SERIAL DATA. COM 1 exception of the print cycle and the device address, all interface
PRINTER/COMPUTER parameters for COM1 and COM2 can be changed separately.
COM2 YES BACK NEXT Press COM2 to change the active port to COM2; COM2 and
COM1 display positions will swap.
Press the YES Key:

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January 2003 Rev.
SERIAL DATA COM1 The print format shows which data output is given out at the
PRINT FORMAT: interface. By pressing the +/- keys, you can change the
39 corresponding print format. The complete list of the print formats
- + BACK NEXT is described in Section 7.3.
SERIAL DATA COM1

The PRINT key triggers the output of the corresponding print
PRINT FORMAT:
format data strings. By pressing the BACK key, an output can be
39
interrupted.
PRINT BACK NEXT
Press NEXT
SERIAL DATA At the end of the selected Print Cycle time, either an
PRINT CYCLE: instantaneous output is provided or a memory output will loop. If
10 min 0 minutes are selected, the cycle will continue when finished
- + BACK NEXT downloading from memory, and instantaneous print formats will
not run. Press NEXT
SERIAL DATA
PRINT CYCLE: Print cycles in seconds are also available for high resolution
30 sec instantaneous observations. Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
SERIAL DATA
BAUDRATE: Adjustment of the baud is done here. 300, 600, 1200, 2400,
9600 Bd 4800, and 9600 baud rates are available.
- + BACK NEXT Press NEXT
SERIAL DATA
Device address for serial data transfer in a network is entered
DEVICE-ADDRESS
here.
1
Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
4.2.2.2 Analog Output Configuration
The assigned quantity for the analog output channels can be selected by the user from Table 1
and Table 2 in Section 3.9.
CONFIGURATION Press YES to change or to check the settings of the analog

ANALOG OUTPUTS channels. Press NEXT
YES BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
ANALOG OUTPUTS Select the zero signal output for all channels:
OUTPUT ZERO: 0 mA: 0 mA / 0 V
0mA 4 mA: 4 mA / 2 V Press NEXT
0mA 4mA BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS With the output codes No. 0-15 one of the quantities shown in
ANALOG OUT 1: CONC Table 1 in Section 3.9 can be assigned Press NEXT
10
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS Assign a Zero value to the zero signal output Press NEXT
ANALOG OUT 1: CONC
0mA: 0
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS Assign a Span value to the span signal output Press NEXT
ANALOG OUT 1: CONC (Note: Your span value should reflect the maximum
20mA: 1000 concentrations of the air shed being monitored)
- + BACK NEXT
For the following optional analog outputs the PCB ANALOG I / O EXPANSION (Ref.No.
42545/1026) hardware is necessary.
ANALOG OUTPUTS
AIR FLOW: Enter the lower scale of the output range for the air flow rate.
4mA: 0 l/h Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS Enter the upper scale of the output range for the air flow
AIR FLOW: Rate, Press NEXT
20mA: 1000 l/h
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS
AMBIENT TEMP. Enter the lower scale of the output range for T1 (-30 ...70 °C),
4mA: -30 °C Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS
Enter the upper scale of the output range for T1 (-30...70 °C)
AMBIENT TEMP
Press NEXT
20mA: 50 °C
- + BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
ANALOG OUTPUTS
PARTICULATE MASS: Enter the lower scale of the output range for the particulate mass.
0mA: 0 µg Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS Enter the upper scale of the output range for the particulate
PARTICULATE MASS: mass. (Note: this value is the maximum default setting)
20mA: 1500 µg/m3 Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS Choose an additional analog output in this optional hardware

ANALOG OUT 6: mode,
6 Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS
ANALOG OUT 6:
Zero point of the output range : -100 ...99999
4mA: 0
Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
ANALOG OUTPUTS
End point of the output range: 0...99999
ANALOG OUT 6:
Press NEXT
20mA: 1000
- + BACK NEXT
4.2.2.3 Filter Change Parameters
In this group the parameters are chosen, through which a filter change is triggered. A filter
change according to these parameters is not triggered in the "HAND" mode (keyboard enabled).
The displayed parameters correspond to the automatic operation.
OPERATION Press YES to change Filter Change operational parameters

FILTER CHANGE
YES BACK NEXT
MASS > 1500 ug A filter change is triggered, if the sampled particulate mass on the
FILTER CHANGE filter oversteps this value. Range = 0-2400 µg. Default Setting is
-------------------- 1,500 µg for USEPA PM10 Designation. Press NEXT.
- + BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
FILTER CHANGE A filter change is triggered, if the air flow rate goes below the
-------------------- entered value; 950 l/h is the standard setting for USEPA PM10
AIR FLOW< 950 l/h Designation. Setting range: 0...99999 l/h; Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
A filter change is triggered, if the time since the last filter change
FILTER CHANGE reaches the entered value. In a higher volatile air shed, a cycle
-------------------- of 720 minutes may be warranted.
CYCLE: 1440 min Setting range: 0...60000 min; Press NEXT
- + BACK NEXT
A filter change occurs at the entered full hour. The timer for the
FILTER CHANGE
cycle is then reset. Thereby, a real time synchronization of the
--------------------
filter change cycle occurs. Press NEXT
HOUR: 24:00
- + BACK NEXT
Note: 00:00 = no filter change until mass or cycle time is reached,
24:00 = midnight
4.2.2.4 PID - Regulator for Heating and Air flow rate
OPERATION Displays the set points and actual values for the for the external
NOMINAL VAL. HEATER tube heater regulator and the air flow rate regulator. Press YES
AND AIR FLOW to access. Refer to Section 3.10 for heating discussion.
YES BACK NEXT
HEATER TEMPERATURE C Display of regulator output (567 = 56.7%), nominal setting, and
REG ‰ NOM. ACT. actual heater temperature.
567 50 49 0 = Heating off and 1000 = Maximum heating power.
NOMIN BACK NEXT Press NOMIN to adjust nominal temperature setting.
HEATER TEMPERATURE°C Adjust nominal temp. of the external tube heater via +/- keys
NOMINAL: Setting range: 0....65°C for regional and seasonal settings
40 ° C A Setting of 0 °C switches off the heater
- + BACK NEXT Press NEXT
Note: Heater should be turned off 1-hr prior to mass calibration
using mass transfer standard Foil Set (See Section 4.2.4.1)

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January 2003 Rev.
AIR FLOW l/h Display of regulator output, nominal and actual air flow rate. If
REGo/oo NOM ACT REG >900, this may be an indication of a leak or an indication of
638 1000 1002 worn carbon vanes. Press NOMIN to adjust nominal flow rate
NOMIN BACK NEXT setting
AIR FLOW Adjust the nominal value of the air flow rate regulator via the +/-
NOMINAL: keys. Setting range: 0-3000 l/h
1000 l/h Standard flow rate is 1000 l/h (16.67 lpm). Press NEXT to
- + BACK NEXT complete.
4.2.2.5 Concentration Thresholds
In this group two limits can be set for the particulate concentration.
LIMITS Press YES

CONCENTRATION
YES BACK NEXT
LIMITS Exceeding this limit (IW1) creates a limit status: STAT 0100
IMMISSION LIMIT 1: The yellow LED "STATUS" will be activated. The classification
25ug/m3 of the average concentration corresponds to 1/10 the immision
- + BACK NEXT limit (2.5 ug/m3)
Setting range: 0...99999ug/m3
LIMITS Exceeding this 2nd limit (IW2) is marked with a limit status:
IMMISSION LIMIT 2: STATUS 0200 or STATUS 0300 (IW1 and IW2)
75ug/m3
- + BACK NEXT
4.2.2.6 Language
The following languages can be chosen:
LANGUAGE File 1: german, english, French (default)

File 2: german, english, Italian
ENGLISH File 3: german, english, spanish
- + BACK NEXT
One of the files is included in the instrument firmware. Please specify the desired languages.

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January 2003 Rev.
4.2.3 Maintenance Menu
MAINTENANCE In the maintenance dialog a manual calibration, as well as

******************** several tests for hardware and cable connections, can be done.
Press YES to access the Maintenance Sub-Menus.
YES BACK NEXT
If the keys are locked (ON LINE = YES), the serial interface is activated and no on-site changes
can be made to the operational parameters. If the keys are unlocked (ON LINE = NO), on-site
changes can be made via the keypad.
MAINTENANCE With the keys YES and NO, the user can shift between keyboard
KEYS LOCKED ? and serial interface. Without keys enabled, no parameters can be
(ON LINE) NO changed and no actions are triggered. Press NO to unlock the
NO YES BACK NEXT keyboard.
The pump can be switched off and on. The pump should not be
MAINTENANCE switched off through pulling of the pump connector. The
SWITCH PUMP ON: instrument supposes then a defective pump system and sets a
ON corresponding error status.
ON OFF BACK NEXT
MAINTENANCE Press "YES" to open the filter gap. This is necessary to insert a
OPEN HEAD ? new filter tape or the frame for the calibration foils. The pump is
switched off automatically. The measuring head / filter gap is
YES BACK NEXT opened. Press NEXT.
MAINTENANCE The filter strip transport motor can be switched on (YES). The
MOVE FILTERSTRIP number shows the filter advancement while the filter tape
28 movement can be checked (e.g., after installing a filter tape or
YES BACK NEXT printer). The NEXT key and BACK key stop the transport.
Press YES to close the measuring head. This is necessary after

MAINTENANCE
CLOSE HEAD AND inserting a new filter tape. Press FC+Z to trigger a filter change
ZERO ? and zero, and to resume the measurement. Press NEXT when
completed.
FC+Z YES BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
MAINTENANCE 303% The zero count rate Ro is indicated in counts per second. The right
RATE 0 [1/s] MASS [µg] half of the screen indicates the particulate mass. In the middle the
10780 30 31* filtered mass with the adjusted RC -filter time constant (3 s). On
BACK NEXT the right is the filtered mass with user settable time constant
(typical: 33 s). The star on the right indicates that the mass value
is stable. The percent value right above indicates the degree
of the stabilization of the mass value. Press NEXT.
4.2.3.1 Adjustment of the High Voltage and the Thresholds
FIGURE 9a FIGURE 9b
Detector – Plateau Pulse Height
In the detector adjustment dialog screens, the High Voltage of the detector, the thresholds, and
the plateau can all be set. These values are determined during the factory setup (see test
protocol documentation). Only in the case of a detector error, instrument status condition, or
after an annual mass calibration should this readjustment be done. The C14 BETA detector
uses a proportional counter, which depends on the operating High Voltage (HV). Figure 9a
shows the relation of the count rate versus HV. As the curve plateaus, all pulses caused by the
C14 beta source emission are received as a stable count rate signal. This plateau is the stable
region of operation for beta attenuation detection.
Figure 9b shows the pulse height as a relation of the count rate versus the threshold in mV.
This system is designed to separate the beta (ß) count rate from the natural alpha (α) count rate
during the presence of Radon gas. The natural alpha particles have higher energies than the
C-14 betas, therefore, the alpha particles give a higher signal threshold. If the HV is too low,
the count rate of the β detector may not be in the plateau region. If the HV is too high, the
system measures the C14 beta counts as natural alpha activity and interferences will occur.

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January 2003 Rev.
Setting the HIGH VOLTAGE of the detector:

MAINTENANCE The nominal range is 1200....1400 V
HIGH VOLTAGE 1330 V
Caution : Be careful changing this value. This high voltage
- + BACK NEXT supply is determined during the factory setup for each
individual detector. If necessary, proceed as follows …
Procedure to Readjust the HV

For a new HV adjustment:
1) trigger a filter change (FC+Z) in Maintenance Menu w/ keys enabled
2) after the “mechanical” filter change is completed, switch off the pump immediately
before the ZERO routine begins. The pump is inactive through this entire
procedure.
3) After the C14 BETA has completed zeroing, the menu is enabled and a new HV
value can be entered. Start with a HV in the range 1350...1400 V where probably
R2 > 0. The HV can be adjusted by accessing the screen above and adjusting the
HV via the +/- keys. Press NEXT and the next screen below displays the beta
count rate R1 and the alpha count rate R2.
MAINTENANCE 23 s timer
R1 11800 (103) 1/S standard deviation
R2 0.0 1/s
REF START BACK NEXT
(..) (STOP)
4) By trial and error, increase HV until you have a R2>0, then decrease the HV in
steps of 5-10 V declinations until you reach: R2 = 0 (1/s).
5) Thereafter reduce this HV by another 5-10 V. This is now the operating HV! The
readjustment of the HV is finished.
6) As a final check, the user should press the START key to initiate a timed running
average. Herein, R1 will begin an integrating average with the standard deviation
in parentheses; R2 will also provide a running integrated average. In the top right
hand corner of this window, is the timer reading in seconds. The timer will re-start
after 10 minutes (600 s) and so will the displayed averaging values.
7) After an acceptable HV value has been achieved and the R1 and R2 averages are
acceptable, press STOP.
8) Now refresh this display screen by pressing the BACK key once, and then the
NEXT key.
9) Now begin checking the reference threshold (S2 ref) by pressing REF (or ALPH
for older units). You should notice the R2 count rate increase considerably. By
taking a visual average if R1 and R2, verify if the R2:R1 ratio is ≅ 50%. If this ratio
is >60% or <40%, then an adjustment should be completed. Otherwise, you are
done.
10) To access the S2-ref adjustment display, Press NEXT.

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January 2003 Rev.
Note: In the C14 BETA there are three (3) thresholds of which S2 (ref) is only adjusted by the
user:
S1 : beta threshold ≅ 60 mV, factory determined,
S2 : alpha threshold ≅ 4500 mV (3750 mV on older units), factory determined, and
S2 (ref) : threshold for checking of plateau shifts, user adjustable (515mV on new
instruments and 350 mV on older instruments).
MAINTENANCE
THRESHOLD S2 (ref)
S2: 515 mV
- + BACK NEXT
11) In 10 mV increments, adjust the S2 ref voltage. (Note: If you increase the S2
mV, R2 -ref will decrease and if you decrease the S2 mV, R2-ref will increase.)
12) You must press NEXT to lock this mV value in! You will then have to press BACK
twice to get back to the Threshold S2 (ref) screen.
13) Press REF (as in Step 9) to check if the count rate ratio R2/R1 = 0.5
14) If the ratio is lower than 0.4 or higher than 0.6, go forward to the above window
and choose another S2 (ref) voltage and begin again.
NOTE: This threshold is ideally chosen with the condition R2:R1 = 0.5. During operation the
R2/R1 range is allowed to be from 0.4 – 0.6.
MAINTENANCE 23 s Press START to display the average of R2 and R1.

R1 10800 (103) 1/S
R2 5400 1/s
MEAS STRT BACK NEXT
MAINTENANCE 23 s The value in the parentheses is the standard deviation of count

R1 10800 (103) 1/S rate R1. The time elapsed for averaging time is in the upper right
R2 5400 1/s hand corner.
REF STOP BACK NEXT
These steps for setting the HV and the S2 (ref) voltage should be done with care. It is well
worth the time taken to establish these settings properly. Checking the performance of these
settings should be done once per quarter, and at least twice per year. After any maintenance to
the detector and after the annual mass calibration, the above procedure must be done to
assure accurate and reliable performance of the C14 BETA.
When making these adjustments, make sure to log the time of adjustment for subsequent data
validation. After all HV and S2-ref voltage adjustments are made, it is generally a good idea to
perform a filter change (FC+Z). This will help to stabilize the instrument after making these
adjustments.

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January 2003 Rev.
4.2.3.2 Analog Test and Relay test
MAINTENANCE Test of the analog output channels:

ANALOG TESTOUT Press "0/4mA" to get a zero output signal on all channels.
Press "20 mA" to get +10 Volt or 20 mA output signal on all
20mA 0/4mA BACK NEXT channels.
Press "BACK" or "NEXT" to return to normal analog output.
MAINTENANCE
RELAY TEST ? Start of the relay test
Press "YES" to start the relay test.
YES BACK NEXT
MAINTENANCE All relays are activated except when the relay marked by the bar
REL.:0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 is dropped out. With the arrow keys the bar can be moved to
drop out individually each relay one after the other. By checking
<- -> BACK NEXT the relays you are guaranteeing that all necessary status and
error codes will be known.
Relay No. 0, 1 and 2 are on the main board and represent the
status for:
Relays 0: Maintenance or calibration

Relays 1: overstep of limit
Relays 2: Loss/error
The remaining relays are the optional BIT I / O EXPANSION board.

MAINTENANCE
The signals of the 5 input bits are indicated. The block
BIT-INPUT: 0 1 2 3 4
indicates: input short circuit or ground potential.
No bar: input open, + 5 V (or higher) input voltages
BACK NEXT
0: Initiation of a filter change with contact
1-4: Bit I / O expansion (50pin. connector)
ANALOG INPUT IN mV The analog input values of the 8 channel ADC are indicated in
T1 T2 T3 P1 mV. The input range of the 12 bit ADC extends from -10V to
-1096 1316 620 3305 +10V. The resolution is therefore approx. 5 mV. (20V/4096)
2677 4788 -1856 272 These sensors are connected to the individual channel in the
P2 P3 T4 Q1
BACK NEXT sequence as it is shown on the screen:
Line 1:
T1: Temperature at the Inlet head
T2: Temperature of the upper particulate collection chamber
T3: Temperature of the lower vacuum chamber (under filter)
P1: Pressure difference across the orifice

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January 2003 Rev.
Line 2:
P2: Pressure under filter
P3: Barometric pressure
T4: Temperature of the sample tube heater
Q1: Volumetric air flow rate
The following screen displays the sensor measurements in their respective units of measure:
o
T1: Temperature at the Inlet head [ C]
T1..T4, P1..P3, Q1 T2: Temperature of the particulate collection chamber [oC]
16 20 21 40 T3: Temperature of the compensation part (under filter) [oC]
3305 134 978 1000 T4: Temperature of the tube heating (notice heater is off) [oC]
YES BACK NEXT P1: differential pressure at the orifice plate [hPa]
P2: low pressure vacuum chamber (under filter) [hPa]
P3: Barometer pressure [hPa]
Q1: air flow rate at the PM10 - head [liters/hour]
MAINTENANCE After pressing the YES key the display is cleared. Any characters
DISPLAY OF COM 1 received via the COM 1 serial interface are displayed. Press one
RECEIVED CHARACTERS? of the two right keys to exit the screen. Note: This is a very
YES BACK NEXT useful screen for troubleshooting serial devices (e.g., modem
commands).
MAINTENANCE Same application as above, except for using COM 2
DISPLAY OF COM 2
RECEIVED
CHARACTERS?
YES BACK NEXT
4.2.3.3 Reload Parameters and Re-start Concentration
MAINTENANCE Press YES to reload the parameters and calibration data stored
RELOAD PARAMETERS in the EEPROM. This can be used to restore the original
FROM EEPROM ? parameter set.
YES BACK NEXT
WARNING: If operational parameter changes have been made within the Operations Menu,
they must be saved via the CALIBRATION Menu in order to become new default settings.
Otherwise, the original parameter settings will be restored when RELOAD is used. The
RELOAD command is also used if any memory errors are seen. Furthermore, RELOAD from
the EEPROM will happen automatically after power on and if an error in the battery buffered
SAVE-RAM has been found.

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January 2003 Rev.
MAINTENANCE "YES" triggers a new start of mass - and concentration

RESTART OF MASS AND calculation:
CONCENTRATION CALC.?
YES BACK NEXT
4.2.4 Calibration Menu
In this mode the particulate mass, the air flow rate, the
CALIBRATION temperature, and pressure sensors are calibrated. Correct
******************** calibration of these parameters is necessary to accurately record
the particulate concentration
YES BACK NEXT
CALIBRATION If the keys are locked the following parameters cannot be

KEYS LOCKED ? modified. Press NO to unlock the keys
(ON LINE) NO
NO YES BACK NEXT
CALIBRATION The running number (date + time) of the parameter change or

CHANGE NO.: 12345 recalibration is indicated. With each parameter or calibration
02-07-23 13:30 change the change number and date (yy-dd-mm) are entered.
BACK NEXT Press NEXT.
CALIBRATION: The code “147” must be entered in this screen: This is necessary
CALIB. CODE: to protect sensitive calibration parameters. Other passwords are
0 used for special setups.
- + BACK NEXT
Note: The calibration menu is locked if the calibration menu is inactive for 4 minutes.
Wrong code: Valid code:

CALIBRATION CALIBRATION
CALIBR. LOCKED ! CALIBRATION FREE !
12345 147
- + BACK NEXT - + BACK NEXT
After the correct password is entered, the status bit "calibration enabled" is set.

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January 2003 Rev.
The mass calibration value is indicated and can be entered. This

CALIBRATION mass - calibration factor [µg] is determined from the instrument
AMPLIFICATION: during the reference-foil calibration. It converts the detector count
7250 µg rate into the mass value. The keys "-" and "+" appear only, if the
- + BACK NEXT calibration is enabled and these are only used for a fine tune
adjustment of the Span (e.g., seasonal adjustments if necessary).
After the C14 BETA is turned on for the first time, the detector needs 3 to 4
hours for voltage stabilization. If the instrument shows a negative mass and
concentration, please trigger a filter change after approx. 4 hours. In an
attempt to prevent this effect hereafter, please set the switch on the back of
the instrument (not available on older models) to the HV-buffer position.
4.2.4.1 Mass Foil Calibration Procedure

The foil calibration procedure is a user interactive mode and should be performed once per
year, or after service to the measurement chamber. The instructions displayed on the screen
have to be followed by the user. The complete process is automatically directed by the C14
BETA firmware. The complete procedure lasts approx. 20-30 minutes. By using the ABORT
key the procedure can be stopped.
WARNING: Take very good care of your calibration foil set. Contact Thermo Andersen, Inc. for
cleaning instructions. Do not wipe the foil window. Do not touch the foil window with your
fingers. PERFORM CALIBRATION WITH HEATER OFF AND UNIT THERMALLY EQUILIBRATED!
CALIBRATION Press YES to access the calibration mode using the reference
FOIL CALIBRATION mass foils.
PROCEDURE ? Now follow the instruction displayed on the screen.
YES BACK NEXT
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE Please enter the SPAN foil value (choose the mid-range foil for
SPAN FOIL VALUE: 3
0-5,000 µg/m range or maximum value foil for 0-10,000 µg/m
3
1442 µg range) Mid-Range Span is to be used for USEPA

- + BACK NEXT Equivalency. Press NEXT
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE The sample/measurement chamber opens.

HEAD OPENS ! This screen is displayed while the measuring head opens: ~ 30 s
PLEASE WAIT!
ABORT
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE Cut filter tape from take-up reel and pull it out. Then insert the
INSERT FOIL HOLDER ! foil holder frame from the left into open gap. Note that the word
“oben” on the foil holder should be facing “up”. Press NEXT.
ABORT NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE This screen is displayed while the measuring head closes: ~ 30 s
HEAD CLOSES Warning: In preparing the calibration foils, do not touch the foils
PLEASE WAIT! with your fingers or wipe them clean! Keep them protected at all
times! This is your MASS standard. Contact Thermo Andersen,
Inc. for cleaning instructions!!!
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
Insert the zero foil (Nullfolie) with the word “unten” facing down.
INSERT ZERO FOIL! Close the front instrument cover.
Press NEXT. The zero has now begun.
ABORT NEXT
The offset and mass indication during the mass auto zero lasts ~
CALIBRATION PRO 27%
7.5 min. Wait until the timer count down is ready. If offset is >
AUTOZERO ACTIVE
+500 %, then the procedure stops. Contact Thermo Andersen,
115 4 12*
Inc. if this occurs (1-800-241-6898).
ABORT TIMER:355
CALIBRATION PRO Once the Zero Foil calibration is complete, take out the zero foil
TAKE OUT FOIL and place in the protective case. Press NEXT
ABORT NEXT
CALIBRATION PRO Insert the chosen SPAN foil with the word “unten” facing down.
INSERT SPAN FOIL. Close the front instrument cover.
Press NEXT
ABORT NEXT
CALIBRATION PRO Wait until the calibration timer count down has been completed.
CALIBRATION ACTIVE Duration: 10-15 min
79 1515 1451*
ABORT
CALIBRATION PRO This screen is displayed during the Span Calibration and shows
RATE 0 (1/s) mass(µg) the count rate and mass value.
2 1515 1451*
ABORT

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January 2003 Rev.
The old and new amplification values are shown when

AMPLIFICATION completed.
OLD: 7505 NEW: 7489 Press "YES" to accept the new calibration value
NEW VALUE ? Press "NO" , to decline the new calibration value
NO YES BACK NEXT Press "BACK" to repeat the foil calibration procedure.
Then Press NEXT
CALIBRATION PRO By Pressing "ABORT" during the calibration procedure, this

HEAD OPENS screen will be displayed.
PLEASE WAIT
CALIBRATION PRO At the end of the calibration, take out the foil and then the foil
TAKE OUT FOIL holder. Insert the filter tape and adhere it to the take-up reel.
INSERT FILTER STRIP Press NEXT
NEXT
CALIBRATION PRO To write the new calibration values into memory, Press YES.
WRITE PRESET VALUES The parameters and calibration data are now stored into the
INTO EEPROM EEPROM. An automatic reload of this calibration parameter will
YES BACK NEXT happen after a cycling of the power.
Further discussion of the foil calibration is provided in Section 5.11.2
4.2.4.2 Air Flow Rate Calibration
For a flow rate calibration it is recommended that a NIST-traceable volumetric flow calibration
device be used. In addition, it is strongly recommended that all temperature sensors and
barometric pressure sensors be calibrated first before proceeding with the air flow rate
calibration.
CALIBRATION
AIR FLOW: Press YES to proceed for the air flow rate calibration.
YES BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
CALIBRATION The volumetric flow rate is initially indicated as measured by the

AIR FLOW: C14 BETA . Press CAL if you want to change the air flow rate
MEAS.: 999 l/h calibration coefficient. Thereafter, enter the actual air flow rate
CAL BACK NEXT measured by a reference instrument and press NEXT. Allow 30
seconds between indicated air flow adjustments. Repeat as
necessary until corresponding reference and C14 BETA flow rate
values agree within 2%. (note: 16.67 L/m * 60 = 1000 L/h)
CALIBRATION The conditions (temperature and pressure) of the air flow rate
VOLUME REFEENCE used for the calculation of the concentration can be set here.
:OPERA Press SET to toggle between the following options:
SET BACK NEXT
OPERA volumetric conditions

273 K 273K , 1013 hPa
293 K 293K , 1013 hPa
4.2.4.3 Temperature and Pressure Sensor Calibration
The calibration of the temperature and pressure sensors indicated by a reference unit are
entered here. The instrument starts an automatic adjustment after each calibration entry. The
values are stored in the battery buffered RAM with check sum.
CALIBRATION
TEMPERATURE- AND Press YES to access the submenu for calibrating the temperature
PRESSURE SENSORS and pressure sensors
YES BACK NEXT
The ambient temperature sensor (T1) is indicated in this screen.

CALIBRATION OF SENS. Press CAL to change its value. Enter the measured value of a
TEMP. PM 10 HEAD reference thermometer using the +/- keys.
MEAS.: 23 °C
CAL BACK NEXT
The adjustment procedure lasts about 5 to 30 sec. During this time a "K" flashes in the first line
on the right.
CALIBRATION OF SENS.
TEMP. PM 10 HEAD
MEAS.: 23 °C
- + BACK NEXT
When this procedure is finished one of the following texts appear on the screen:

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January 2003 Rev.
CALIBRATION OF SENS. CALIBRATION OF SENS.

CALIBRATION O.K. CALIBR NOT POSSIBLE
MEAS.: 25 °C MEAS.: 23 °C
CAL BACK NEXT BACK NEXT
If the message "CALIBR NOT POSSIBLE" appears, then the new calibration value cannot be
reached within the limits of the adjustment range. Check the entry that was made, check for a
loose connection on the T sensor cable, or for a frayed wire.
The same calibration procedure is used for the following sensors:
TEMP. UPPER HEAD T2: Temperature sensor over the filter tape
MEAS.: 26 °C
CAL BACK NEXT
TEMP.LOWER HEAD T3: Temperature sensor under the filter tape
MEAS.: 25 °C
CAL BACK NEXT
TEMP.INLET HEATER T4: Temperature sensor at the tube wall of the heated sample
tube (option)
MEAS.: 40 °C
CAL BACK NEXT
CALIBRATION OF SENS. The value of the ambient pressure sensor (P3) is indicated here.
AIR PRESS(ABSOLUTE) Press CAL to change its calibration (hPa = in Hg / 33.7685)
MEAS.: 958 hPa Enter the value of a reference barometer using + or - key. Press
CAL BACK NEXT NEXT to finish the data input. Allow ~30s for the adjustment
procedure.
After calibrating the barometric pressure sensor (P3), it is usually not necessary to calibrate the
P1 and P2 sensors. If these sensors are operating in the 3500-4500 Pa and 80-100 hPa range,
respectively, then calibration is not needed. Otherwise, if annual calibration is needed the top
cover of the C14 BETA needs to be removed to access the pressure line that is upstream of the
orifice.
CALIBRATION OF SENS. The value of the orifice pressure sensor (P1) is indicated here.
ORIFICE PRES(ZERO) Press CAL to change its calibration when the pump is switched
MEAS.: 0 Pa off. Enter zero (0) with the unit at rest. Press NEXT to finish
CAL BACK NEXT the data input. Allow ~30s for the adjustment procedure.

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January 2003 Rev.
CALIBRATION OF SENS. The value of the orifice pressure sensor (P1) is indicated here.
ORIFICE PRESS(SPAN) Apply a pressure of 50 hPa (5000 Pa) on the upstream orifice
MEAS.: 5098 Pa pressure line. Press CAL to change its calibration of the slope
CAL BACK NEXT (SPAN). Measure the exact value using a reference instrument
and enter this value using +/- keys. Press NEXT to finish the
data input.
CALIBRATION OF SENS. The value of the vacuum/pressure (under filter tape) sensor
HEAD(ZERO): (P2) is indicated here. Press CAL to change its offset (zero
MEAS.: 0 hPa point). Switch off the pump and enter the zero value. Press
CAL BACK NEXT NEXT to finish the data input. The adjustment procedure starts.
CALIBRATION OF SENS. The value of the vacuum/pressure sensor (P2) is indicated

HEAD(SPAN): here. Apply a vacuum of about 200 hPa on the upstream orifice
MEAS.: 210 hPa pressure line. Measure the exact value using a reference
CAL BACK NEXT instrument and enter this value using + or – key. Press CAL to
change its calibration of the slope (SPAN).
All parameters, date of inserting the source and calibration data

WRITE PRESET VALUES are written in the EEPROM. A reload of these data happens if
INTO EEPROM ? the power is cycled and an error in the battery buffered RAM is
YES BACK NEXT triggered or if through an explicit keypad command in the
maintenance menu a successful writing or read command was
applied.
EEPROM WRITE O.K. EEPROM ERROR !
BACK NEXT BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
4.2.5 Instrument Configuration
WARNING: Re-configuration should only be used after the warranty period has expired.
If the setup parameters are changed by the user during the warranty period, the warranty
is void. Furthermore, the settings herein are part of the USEPA Equivalent Method
Designation for PM10. Changes to these settings will disqualify the instrument’s
operation as an equivalent PM10 method.
The configuration setup is not contained in the normal menu. To open the configuration
menu, the correct release code has to be entered in the CALIBR. CODE screen. The
configuration menu follows the calibration menu for Pressure and Temperature sensors.
In this menu, should the detailed setup parameters be changed, a strong influence can
occur with respect to the measurement results. These parameters are stored in the
instrument memory using a special factory setup.
4.2.5.1 Configuration Settings
CONFIGURATION
E.T.C. Press YES to access the device parameters.
YES BACK NEXT
E.T.C.
CALCULATION MODE Selection of the calculation mode for the concentration
0 calculation
- + BACK NEXT
0: linear regression with fixed regression time (standard mode) in µg/m³ (USEPA Designated)
1: linear regression with variable regression time in µg/m³
2: linear regression with fixed regression time (standard mode) in µg/m³
3: linear regression with variable regression time in µg/m³
4: ratemeter mode with ADF (Advanced Digital filter) in µg/m³
E.T.C.
REGRESSION TIME: Linear regression over the particulate mass curve with the here
60 min fixed selected regression time
- + BACK NEXT (USEPA Designation setting is 60 minutes)

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January 2003 Rev.
E.T.C. Calculation mode 0 and 1: The regression time, or the RC-time

STANDARD DEVIATION: constant, is chosen by the instrument so that the relative
10 % standard deviation of the concentration value has the selected
- + BACK NEXT value. That means: long time constant at low particulate
concentrations and fast reaction at high particulate
concentration levels. 10% = USEPA Designation
E.T.C.
EFFICIENCY Ea2: This efficiency is determined with an Am-241 source during the
20.3 % factory setup (see protocol). DO NOT ADJUST!!!
- + BACK NEXT
NEGATIVE CONCENTR.- Allow negative concentration output (YES/NO) YES = USEPA

OUTPUT Designation. Applying this to NO is considered conservative
and should be discussed with the governing agency for it’s
NO YES BACK NEXT use.
For the particulate mass, a RC-filter with a long time constant can
E.T.C. be entered. This filter influences the mass given out on the
RC-FILTER FOR MASS display, analog output, and serial interface. It has no influence on
33 s the calculation of the concentration (RC-Filter = 0-600 seconds)
- + BACK NEXT 33s = USEPA DEsignation
E.T.C. This compensation factor is the default relationship factor of Beta

COMP.FACTOR F(R1/R2) to alpha measurements for the natural radioactivity mass
F(R1/R2): 360% compensation. DO NOT ADJUST !!!
- + BACK NEXT
special user setup versions:

E.T.C. 0: Standard Version For USEPA DESIGNATION
VERSION:86,84,92,EPA 1: I8.6, LIS, NRW
0 2: I8.4, Berlin
3: I9.2, Sachsen-Anhalt
- + BACK NEXT 4: (USA-Version)
5: Status’s in network protocol like FH62I-N
6: SERES OEM
7: JAPAN OEM (full hour)
8: JAPAN OEM (half hour)

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January 2003 Rev.
E.T.C. All setup parameters, date of C14 source insertion, and

WRITE PRESET VALUES calibration data are written in the EEPROM. A reload of these
INTO EEPROM ? data happens only if the power is cycled, if an error in the battery
YES BACK NEXT buffered RAM is triggered or an explicit keypad command is
entered.
E.T.C. E.T.C.
EEPROM WRITE O.K. EEPROM ERROR !
BACK NEXT BACK NEXT
If a Reflector for the Black Carbon

E.T.C.
Measurement is built in as an
REFLECTOMETER
additional module (option) the setup is
NO
YES. Please look into the description
NO YES BACK NEXT
"Operating Instructions Black Carbon
Reflectometer"

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January 2003 Rev.
4.3 Standard Parameter List

TABLE 3
Standard Parameter List for USEPA Designation as Federal Equivalent PM10 Monitor
4.3.1 Parameters of the Main menu

Set date (yy-mm-dd) User Adjustable
Set time (hh:mm:ss) User Adjustable
4.3.2 Parameters of the Operations Menu

4.3.2.1 Serial Interfaces "COM1" and "COM2"
Print format 0 User Adjustable
Print cycle 0 min. User Adjustable
Print cycle 0 sec. User Adjustable
Baudrate 9600 Baud User Adjustable
Test on paritiybit even YES User Adjustable
Device address 1 User Adjustable
4.3.2.2 Filter Change Parameters

Mass >1500 µg USEPA Setting
Air flow rate < 950 l/h USEPA Setting
Cycle 1,440 min. User Adjustable
Hour 24:00 User Adjustable
Lower pressure: 400 hPa fixed!
4.3.2.3 Nominal Values for Heating and Air flow rate

Heating temperature 0 °C User Adjustable
Air flow rate 1000 l/h USEPA Setting
4.3.2.4 Limit Values
Immission value 1 9999 µg/m³ User Adjustable
Immission value 2 9999 µg/m³ User Adjustable

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January 2003 Rev.
TABLE 3
Standard Parameter List for USEPA Designation as Federal Equivalent PM10 Monitor
(Continued)
4.3.2.5 Operation: Analog Outputs
Output zero 4 mA User Adjustable
Analog output channel 1 10 User Adjustable
Conc 4 mA (2 V) 0 µg/m³ User Adjustable
Conc 20 mA (10 V) 1000 µg/m³ User Adjustable
Air flow rate 4 mA 0 l/h User Adjustable
Air flow rate 20 mA 1000 l/h User Adjustable
Temp. PM10 head 4 mA -20 °C User Adjustable
Temp PM10 head 20 mA 40 °C User Adjustable
Particulate Mass 4 mA 0 µg User Adjustable
Particulate Mass 20 mA 1500 µg User Adjustable
Analog output channel 6 6 User Adjustable
P3 4 mA 900 µg User Adjustable
P3 20 mA 1100 µg User Adjustable
4.3.3 Parameters of the Main Menu "Calibration"

Volume reference OPERA. USEPA Setting
4.3.3.1 Configuration e.t.c.

Calculation mode 0 USEPA Setting
Observation time 60 min. USEPA Setting
Standard deviation 10 % USEPA Setting
Efficiency Ea2 20% Factory Set
Negative conc. output yes USEPA Setting
Calibr. check cycle 0 days Automatic
RC-filter for mass 33 sec. USEPA Setting
Comp. factor F(R1/R2) 380 % Factory Setting
Version 0 USEPA Setting
Black smoke monitor no USEPA Setting
4.3.4 Maintenance
High Voltage 1325 V User Adjustable

Ref. threshold S2 300 mV User Adjustable

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January 2003 Rev.
4.3.5 Compensation factors

Temperature 14.0 µg/K Factory Set
Barometric air pressure 4.0 µg/hPa Factory Set
Lower pressure (filter) 1.06 µg/hPa Factory Set
dP2/dT3 0 µg/hPa Factory Set
dPabs/dT3 0 µg/hPa Factory Set

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January 2003 Rev.
5 Servicing
5.1 Preventative Maintenance

TABLE 4
Preventive Maintenance Schedule
Time Maintenance Procedure Section

5-20 days Clean PM-2.5 Impactor or Cyclone 5.5
3 months Clean PM-10 Inlet 5.6
6-9 months Check filter tape 4.2.3
12 months Mass Calibration with foil set 4.2.4
12 month Air Flow Calibration 4.2.4
2 years Cleaning measurement chamber Contact Thermo
Andersen, Inc.
1-3 months Check air flow 4.2.4

12 month Replace pump carbon vanes 5.4
To guarantee a constant operation of the instrument, these operational checks and

maintenance work must be done. In the following paragraphs explanations are given for
the individual maintenance procedures.
5.2 Safety Precautions
Some internal components can be damaged by the discharge of static electricity. To avoid
damaging internal components, follow these precautions when performing any service
procedure:
Wear an antistatic wrist strap that is properly connected to earth ground (note that
when the analyzer is unplugged, the chassis is not grounded)
If an antistatic wrist strap is not available, be sure to touch a grounded metal object
before touching any internal components
Handle all printed circuit boards by the edges
Carefully observe the instructions in each procedure
Maintenance work on the source (e.g. cleaning the measuring section) may only be
carried out by an individual trained by Thermo Andersen, Inc. with suitable
authorization.

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January 2003 Rev.
5.3 Replacement of the Filter Tape

As soon as the filter tape on the filter roll is empty, a replacement of the roll is necessary.
The filter tape is usually replaced every year, but this can also depend on the non-standard
operational parameters chosen by the user or the loading per filter spot. In high concentration
areas, more frequent filter changes can occur due to higher loading. As a basis for an
estimation of this time, the reference can serve that 42 m of tape per roll is sufficient for
approximately 800-900 single measurements. Due to the uncertainty of filter tape life in higher
concentration areas, checking the filter tape every 6-9 months may be warranted.
To change the filter tape, follow the instructions in Section 4.2.3 under the Maintenance Menu.
5.4 Carbon Pump Vane Replacement
Vane replacement must be done outdoors. Failure to do so may introduce carbon particles into
the air and damage electronic equipment.
Before servicing, the vacuum pump must be switched off and secured from any accidental start-
up.
In order to replace the vanes, the silencer housing (1), the silencer diaphragms (2), the distance
ring (3), and the cylinder cover (4) must be removed (see Figure 10)
FIGURE 10
Pump Parts Location.

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January 2003 Rev.
Blow carbon particulate from vane cavity with an air hose.
WARNING: Avoid breathing in carbon particulate. Used an approved particle filter or

respirator.
When installing new vanes, be sure that the beveled side points outwards (see Figure 11).
Reassemble the parts in the reverse order.
FIGURE 11
Carbon Vane Installation

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January 2003 Rev.
5.5 PM-2.5 IMPACTOR CLEANING AND INSPECTION

NOTE: This section does not apply to the USEPA Designation
If using the C14 BETA as a Correlated Acceptable Continuous monitor for PM2.5 , at least every
five sampling days disassemble and clean the impactor (see Figure 12). The PM-2.5 impactor
is cleaned by separating the upper and lower portions, wiping the two halves of the well clean
with lint-free laboratory tissues or a cloth, putting a new filter in the bottom of the well, and
adding 1 ± 0.1 mLiter of impactor oil. The oil should cover the filter uniformly. Reassemble the
well and place in the impactor. Preparation time can be saved by preparing several spare
impactor wells and storing them in a clean, particulate-free, container until needed.
FIGURE 12
Exploded View of PM2.5 Impactor

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January 2003 Rev.
Once a month, with the impactor assembly open, inspect the interior of the impactor housing,
both above and below the impactor well (see Figure 12). These areas should be clean and dry.
If necessary, clean the areas with a lint-free wipe. On a monthly basis, clean the interior of the
impactor jet using a lint-free pipe cleaner or similar tool. Also monthly, check the O-rings for
distortion, cracks, fraying, or other problems and replace as necessary.
5.5.1 Sharp-cut Cyclone Maintenance

If a sharp-cut cyclone is being used for PM2.5 sampling (See Figure 13), once every 2-3 weeks
the dust pot should be unscrewed, emptied, and cleaned with a lint-free cloth. Once every 3
months, the entire SCC assembly should be inspected and cleaned, O-rings checked for
distortion, cracks, fraying, or other problems. Replace O-rings as necessary.
FIGURE 13
PM2.5 Sharp Cut Cyclone
INLET
DUST POT
OUTLET

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January 2003 Rev.
5.6 PM-10 SAMPLER INLET HEAD
The water collector bottle, located on the sampler inlet head tube should be inspected at least
every five sampling days (see Figure 14). Remove any accumulated water, clean the interior of
the bottle, inspect the seals, and replace the bottle in the holder.
FIGURE 14
PM10 Sampler Head
Once a month the sampler inlet should be dismantled and cleaned. Mark each assembly point
of the sampler inlet with a pen or pencil to provide reference marks during reassembly.
Disassemble the sample inlet unit according to Figure 14. If the assembly screws are frozen,
apply penetrating oil or commercial lubricant to make removal easier. Clean all interior surfaces
and the bug screen with a general purpose cleaner or compressed air, paying particular
attention to small openings and cracks. Cotton swabs and/or a small brush are helpful.
Completely dry all components.

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January 2003 Rev.
Also monthly, check the O-rings for distortion, cracks, fraying, or other problems and replace as
necessary. Apply small amounts of grease to the rings before assembling the unit.
Reassemble the unit in accordance with the previously scribed match marks. Particular care
should be taken to ensure that all O-rings seas are properly seated and that all screws are
uniformly tightened.
5.7 SOFTWARE UPDATES

Software for the C14 BETA can be updated by exchanging its EEPROM. However, it is more
easily accomplished through the transmission of a new program code via the serial interface.
During transmission the program is saved in RAM. After the transmission has been completed
without corruption, the program code is written into the Flash - EEPROM. To update to a new
software version, the following requirements and steps should be followed.
5.7.1 Update Requirements
PC with MS - DOS V3.3 or higher

Hard disk
Disk drive
COM1 serial interface
C14 BETA with:

Jumpered X30 / Pin 1-2 (insert away from the Flash - EEPROM)
Cable with the configuration shown in Figure 15. This cable connects COM1 of the PC to
COM1 of the C14 BETA. At the PC end there is a 9-pin female plug. On the C14 BETA end
there is a 25-pin male plug.
FIGURE 15: PC/FH 62-C14 Connecting Cable of the serial interfaces
9 pin plug (female) 25pin plug(male)

Computer Particulate Monitor

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January 2003 Rev.
5.7.2 Software Update Steps

The following steps are used to update the C14 BETA software.
1. Connect COM1 of the PC to COM1 of C14 BETA, and switch on both instruments.
2. Configure the instrument to:

Print format: 0
Print cycle: 0 min 0 sec
Baud rate: 9600 baud
Parity - Bit Even: yes (fixed in software)
CTS - input active: no (fixed in software)
Device address: not important
3. Lock the keys to return to the remote control modes.
4. Create a directory on the hard disk drive of the PC called C14_BETA. Copy the files
UPDATE.EXE and MASTER. HEX from the disk supplied by Thermo Andersen, Inc. to this
directory.
Double click on the UPDATE.EXE file to begin the installation of the new software.
The first screen that appears on the instrument indicates the address of the data bytes being
received. This screen is shown below. The transfer takes approximately three to five
minutes.
RECEIVING FLASH DATA

---------------------
2C80
Data Byte Address Screen
After a successful data transfer the Flash - EEPROM is programmed. The following screen is
displayed.
PROGRAMMING FLASH MEM

---------------------

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January 2003 Rev.
Programming Flash Memory Screen
After successfully programming the instrument starts with the new software version. The initial
screen shown at startup appears for approximately 30 seconds. This screen contains the
software version in the upper right hand corner. The version number should be checked to
make sure that it corresponds to the new version. If the data transmission was faulty or the
programming of the Flash - EEPROM did not work correctly, the instrument will start with the old
software version.
5.7.3 Parameter Control

The operational parameters of the C14 BETA are not changed when the software is updated.
As a precaution, however, the parameters should be compared with the values that existed
before the update was made. This is possible by performing a Print Format 8 of the instrument
before and after the update. Should any parameters change, it will be picked up in this
parameter list.

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January 2003 Rev.
5.8 Removal of the C14 Source
Attention: This work may only be carried out by trained personnel with suitable authorization
in accordance with the legislation in each country
1) Unscrew the two source ID plate screws counterclockwise,

2) Unscrew the four hex screws from the lower measuring head counterclockwise,
3) Screw two small hex screws clockwise, this will push the source away from the
measurement chamber, and the source should drop out (the source is mounted on
top of a brass column),
4) Place the source into a shielded box.
Do not look into the radiation output window (this looks like an aluminum foil
surface)!
FIGURE 16
C14 Source Housing
Source ID Plate Screw Holes

Four Hex Screws
Two Small Hex Screws

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January 2003 Rev.
5.9 Removal of the Measuring Head
In the upper and lower portions of the measuring head, sensitive foils are installed. These foils
must not be touched!
1) Switch off the Particulate Monitoring Instrument.
2) Remove the C14 source (See Section 5.8 for instructions).
3) Cut off the filter tape on the left and on the right from the measuring head.
4) Remove the connection cables of the temperature sensors at the electronic printed
circuit board (PCB).
5) Locate and remove hoses from the measuring head behind the base-plate.
6) Unscrew (turn cap nut) the sampling tube above the Particulate Monitoring
instrument.
7) Unscrew the cap nut in the vacuum tube (2 Fig. 1), open the fixture of the flange
and pull the flange above and over the upper end of the vacuum tube.
8) Remove the 4 screws of the base plate.
9) Pull the PVC - hose and the connection cables of the temperature sensors through
the drill hole in the base-plate.
10) Pull out the measuring head carefully. Turn the vacuum tube to the rear.

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January 2003 Rev.
5.10 Measuring Head Maintenance
During the regularly occurring automatic zero adjustments, if the zero point can no longer be
reached the measuring head must be cleaned.
NOTE: In the vacuum chamber plate and vacuum chamber, sensitive titanium foils (15µm)
are installed which may not be touched or soiled!
Instructions:
1) Remove the measuring head
2) Unscrew the six-screws (4 x SW3; 2 x SW4) inside the vacuum chamber plate.
3) Remove vacuum chamber plate, particulate collection chamber (pay attention on
the sensitive foils!). Take out the 4 springs from the compensation chamber.
4) Clean the slit filter holder (grate) and particulate sampling chamber with brush.
5) Assembly in reverse sequence
6) Install the measuring head.
7) Insert the filter tape.
8) Switch on the instrument.

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January 2003 Rev.
5.11 Calibration of the C14 BETA

5.11.1 General
The mass measurements of the C14 BETA instruments are calibrated to a mass transfer
standard foil set. These foil sets are calibrated against quartz particulate (SiO2) in comparison
to a calibrated gravimetric mass measurement. This calibration refers to the measurement of
the particulate mass. The original calibration values are listed in the factory test papers
delivered with the instrument. Mass calibrations should be validated quarterly and re-calibrated
every 12 months.
With an independent set of calibration foils the mass span value is calibrated established in the
field. Through the use of an additional set of foils, the mass measurement can be validated or
audited. The particulate concentration calculations of the instrument are also dependent upon
the instruments ability to measure temperature, pressure, and volumetric flow rate.
The air flow rate measurement should be checked at least quarterly. Calibration with a
volumetric flow transfer standard accurate within at least +/-2% is acceptable.
Temperature sensors are calibrated using a temperature standard accurate within +/- 0.5
degrees Celsius. Field temperature transfer standards are acceptable for field calibration.
Similar accuracy of field standards should be used.
The barometric pressure sensor is calibrated against the factory standard. Subsequent field
calibrations should be done with an onsite barometric pressure transfer standard, accurate to
within +/-2 mmHg.
5.11.2 Mass Calibration

It is recommended, to calibrate the instrument at intervals of approximately 12 months with a
set of factory mass transfer standard calibration foils. This calibration should also be done after
intrusive maintenance and repair work, and also to validate the mass span setting.
Note: Do not touch the calibration foil windows inside the holder!
Note: If the heated sampling tube is being used, the instrument should equilibrate
to room temperature before the calibration procedure begins (~ 1 h).
The C14 BETA has no front access to the filter tape. Therefore the filter tape must be cut near
the measuring head and removed from the side of the measurement head. After the calibration
procedure, the filter tape must be inserted and fixed to the take-up reel using an adhesive tape.
The calibration procedure uses an internal menu operation. The menu operation is
comprehensively described in Section 4.2.4.1, Foil Calibration Procedure.

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January 2003 Rev.
1) Access the Calibration, sub menu KEYS LOCKED ? and confirm with key NO.
2) Access the Calibration, sub menu CALIBR. CODE and enter the release code 147.
3) Activate the foil calibration procedure via the Calibration, sub menu FOIL
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE ? and confirm with YES.
4) Enter SPAN Mass Foil Value (~ 1,400 ug, see your foil kit imprint) Press NEXT.
5) The measurement chamber will open. Remove the filter tape from the particulate
sampling position and insert the guide bar into the filter gap on the left with the word
“oben” facing up. Press NEXT.
6) Insert the zero foil from the left with the word “unten” facing down. Close the front
monitor window.
7) Press NEXT. The filter spot is closed and a zero adjustment of the mass is initiated.
Offset and mass value are indicated. Duration approx. 3-5 min.
8) After that the order appears in the display to take out the zero foil and to insert the
SPAN foil. Confirm always with key „NEXT".
9) The SPAN adjustment runs approx. 5-10 min, until the measurement value
stabilizes itself. The actual mass value as well as the remaining measurement time
is indicated.
10)After that the old and new calibration factors FCAL are indicated. With the YES key
the new calibration factor is accepted, with NO the new factor will be discarded.
11)The measurement value of the SPAN foil is indicated and can be compared with
the imprinted value. Confirm with „NEXT ".
12)The measurement chamber is opened again. Take out the SPAN foil and the guide
bar and insert the filter tape and adhere it to the take-up reel. With the NEXT key, a
filter change is triggered and the measurement operation starts again.
5.11.3 Mass Validation

The user can also use the same or an independent set of mass transfer standard foils to
conduct an audit or verification of the mass calibration. By using the following steps, the C14
BETA can be validated. It is best to understand the above mass calibration procedure first.
Through the use of the Maintenance Menu, perform the following steps:
1) Enable the Keys; Switch off the Pump; Open the Head; and Remove the Filter Tape
2) Insert the Foil Holder; Carefully Insert and align the Null Foil
3) In the Maintenance Menu Close the Head and Zero.
4) Wait 8 minutes for the C14 BETA to complete it’s zeroing cycle
5) After Zero is complete (as seen on the front display), remove the Null Foil and insert
the mid-range Span Foil.
6) From the Main Menu, press DISP and from here you can get a direct reading of the
detected Mass. Compare with the imprinted Foil Value and the two should be within
5% of each other. If not, redo the verification. If an error >5% persists, recalibrate.

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January 2003 Rev.
6 Remote Access
6.1 Remote control via serial interface
In addition to input via the display panel, data can also be transmitted over the serial interface.
Settings for operational parameters or an execution of commands for the instrument can occur via
remote access. For example, the C14 BETA can be controlled remotely by using a computer with a
dial-up terminal software program
The transmission of all data takes place via the following port settings:
• Bits per Second = 9600

• Data Bits = 7
• Parity = Even
• Stop Bits = 2
• Flow Control = Hardware
It is also possible to control the data flow during output. By using the V24/Rs232 interface, a transfer
can be interrupted as long as the direction setting CTS = OFF = -3 V to -15 V has been made.
Another signal that is available is the RTS. If the status ON = 3 to 15V prevails for as long as the output
is active, otherwise is the status -3V to -15V = OFF. It is thus possible to control some transmission
units.
A remote control command always consists of a letter or special character followed by numbers if
necessary. This is always completed by a stop code. Avoid using “R”, as this will Reset the instrument.
Multiple rests can be damaging to the unit.
The stop code is either <CR> (Carriage Return) or <LF> (Line Feed). It is also allowed to send several
stop codes. In addition to the characters <CR> and <LF>, the characters 7FH or FFH are valid as stop
code.
The C14 BETA has a receiving buffer of 256 characters. With this buffer, several commands can be
received directly. For example, a complete parameter set (approx. 20k-commands) can be sent to the
C14 BETA as a complete string.
The possibility exists to use several C14 BETA instruments with a common bus cable (RS485), so that
all commands will be received by all instruments simultaneously. However, if an order should be
executed by one instrument then the corresponding device address must be transmitted in front of the
command character.
A device address is a number followed by a colon (e.g., 1:, 2:, ….n:). With it a command assumes the
general form:
[Address:] Command code [number] Stop code
The statements in square brackets can be left out.

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January 2003 Rev.
The available commands are contained in the following list. If the explanations given are not sufficient,
consult the descriptions applied to the key functions in chapter 6.1.
Whether a command is entered over the keyboard or over the serial interface, there is no difference.
If at the receipt of a command a unrecognized command is given, or if parameter commands are given
outside the permissible area, no execution of the command will result and the error log will be added to.
The C14 BETA has 2 serial interfaces, COM1 and COM2.
COM1 is on a 25-pin D-sub plug lead and has the same connection like that of the 25-pin data socked at
the FH62I-N. If connection to a printer or a PC is necessary, a zero modem (Pin 2 and Pin 3 crossed)
is to be used. A transformer to RS485 is obtainable for COM1.
COM2 is lead on a 9-pin D-sub plug and can connect with a one 1:1 cable with the serial interface at a
PC. Both interfaces have been largely equivalent and can also work simultaneously. However, the
Software Update is possible only over COM1.
The control commands are arranged in READ, WRITE, and CONTROL commands and are organized
alphabetically. The word "number" in an command stands always for the entry as a maximum 7 digit
integer. Leading blanks are allowed.
Data sent by the C14 BETA are completed always with the signs <CR><LF>. One second is the
guaranteed reply time on a remote control command. Numbers are given out with a maximum number
range of -9999 to 99999 with at least a leading blank. In Table 5, below, a list of remote access
abbreviations are provided.
TABLE 5
List of Remote Access Abbreviations
CTS clear to send

RTS ready to send
CR carriage return
LF line feed
ETX end of text
STX start of text
BCC block check carrier
SP space

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January 2003 Rev.
6.2 Data Protocol with Network Connection
After reception of the character STX, the C14 BETA processes the data received on the serial
interface according to the agreed protocol for measurement network devices. Through touching
anyone of the 4 control keys returns the instrument to the normal remote control.
The print format should be set to 0 to prevent the instrument executing any data output
automatically.
Basic format of a data log:
<STX> Text <ETX> <BCC1> <BCC2>
<CR> can be transmitted instead of <ETX> <BCC1> <BCC2>. This disables checking of the
block check.
The answer is terminated with <CR> <LF> , if the control or inquiry command ended with <CR>. If the
command ends with <ETX> and block check, the answer is also terminated with <ETX> and <BCC>.
6.2.1 Data Sampling
The instrument transmits on request a measurement data protocol. The data transmission is initiated by
the following character string:
<STX> D A address <ETX> <BCC1> <BCC2>
Address: device address, 3 characters, leading zeros can be replaced by SP (space). The
address can cancel also. The address is set at the C14 BETA with the keyboard.
The inquiry will be answered if
- <STX> is followed by the characters D A,

- the address is right or not is present,
- <ETX> is followed by two correct <BCC> - bytes or <ETX><BCC1><BCC2> is
replaced by <CR>.
Examples for valid inquiries on a device with the address 5:
<STX> D A <CR>
<STX> D A O O 5 <CR>
<STX> D A <SP> <SP> 5 <ETX> <BCC1> <BCC2>
<STX> D A <ETX> O 4

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January 2003 Rev.
6.2.2 Data Transmission
The data transmission results from the data inquiry made with following answer format:
<STX>MD O1 SP address SP measured value SP status SP SFKT SP <ETX><BCC1><BCC2>
Address: set device address, 3 characters, leading zeros will transfer
Measurement value: in µg/m3, exponential representation with 4 characters mantissa and 2 characters
exponent, each with sign. Mantissa: sign and 4 digits. The decimal point is behind the first digit and is
not transmitted. Exponent: sign and 2 digits, leading zero will transfer with it.
Status: 4 characters, operating- and error status byte, two characters each, formed like BCC: operating
status SP error status
SFKT: special function, not used, ten times the numeral 0.
Meaning the operating status bits:

1) operating- and error status like in the paragraph 6.4 described
2) Version (5): compatible status’s with FH 62 I-N (previous instrument) network protocol
D1 : Keyboard enabled / active
D2 : filter change
Attention : If you replace a FH 62 I-N with a C14 BETA, then you can use the FH 62 I-N mode: set
version No 5 in the menu „Configuration Others“ (Chapter 6.1.5.2)
Meaning of the error status bits:

D0 : air low rate fault
D1 : filter tape break or end
D2 : zero not reached after filter change
D3 : sampling buffer not full
<<CR><LF> replaces <ETX><BCC1><BCC2> if data inquiry was terminated with<CR>.
6.3 Remote Control of C14 BETA
The instrument control results through following remote control command string:
<STX> S T address <SP> command <ETX> <BCC1> <BCC1>
Address: device address, 3 characters, leading zeros may be replaced through SP.
The address may also be canceled. In this case the first command character must follow directly the
letter S T.
Command: All of the following listed commands are permissible.

An answer is sent by the instrument however without protocol.
Therefore no READ commands should be used.

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January 2003 Rev.
If the control command is accepted by the gauge (characters S T follow the STX, right address, correct,
block check), the command is executed.
<ETX><BCC1><BCC2> may be replaced through <CR>.
Formation of Block Check Character (BCC)
The BCC is formed by the exclusive OR sum (starting from $00) being formed byte-by-byte by all
transferred characters (incl. STX, ETX). The resultant byte is sent as hexadecimal number with two
ASCII - characters.
Example: BCC binary: 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

Will transfer through the ASCII characters [5A].
6.3.1 Remote Read Commands

3
C Output of the particulate mass concentration in g/m (actual mode)
C2 Output of the particulate mass concentration with buffer mode
C3 Output of the particulate mass concentration with ratemeter mode
C4 Output of the particulate mass concentration with ADF-mode
C5 Output of the black carbon concentration in ug/m3
3
H Output of the last half hour average in g/m
H1 1 h average concentration [µg/m³]
H3 3 h average concentration [µg/m³]
HT 24 h (daily) average concentration [µg/m³]
J1...Jx Output of the sensor data in physical units.

J1 now : without function
J2 air flow rate in Nl/h
J3 low pressure P2 under vacuum chamber in hPa
J4 air flow rate in Nl/h
J5 T3, temperature instrument (measuring head) in °C
J8 mass
JA 100 * black carbon No.
JB T1, temperature sampling head
JC T2, temperature particulate sampling chamber
JD T3, temperature inside of the monitor
JE T4, temperature external heated sampling tube(at tube surface)
all temperature in °C
JF P1, differential pressure of the air flow measuring module in Pa
JG P2, low pressure vacuum chamber
JH P3, Barometer in hPa
JI air flow sampling head (operating flow)

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January 2003 Rev.
JJ norm air flow (273K, 1013hPa)

JO setting value air flow rate regulation 0...4095 ==> 0...100%
JQ power of external heating 0...4095 ==> 0...100%
L read regression time in min

LA total volume (black carbon)
LB proportion average black carbon concentration/particulate concentration in %
LV compensation factor kPu for low pressure (FH62-1)
LW compensation factor kPabs for total pressure (FH62-1)
m1 actual mass (m), see chapter 5.3

m2 mass with compensation (m), see chapter 5.3
m6 black carbon (reflectometer) mass
All masses are given out in µg.
N read error transmission counter

If at the receiving of data an error has appeared,
- parity error
- invalid parameters
an error counter is incremented.
Through the reading the counter is set on zero.
p Output like the parameter list with the print format 8; however only numbers,
with blanks separated, without text and without sensor calibration data
S1 limit 1 in ug/m3
S2 limit 2 in ug/m3
T regression time buffer mode in min
UA count rate R1 [1/s]

UB count rate R10 [1/s]
UC count rate R2 [1/s]
UD count rate R20 [1/s]
UE flag (0=ref. count rate active ; 1=alpha count rate active)
UG Reference count rate Rref
UH Reference count rate ratio R2ref/R1o in %
UI 10 min. average R1 [1/s]
UJ 10 min. average R2 [1/s]
UK Coefficient of variation on count rate R1
UO timer [s]
UP natural alpha activity on the filter [Bq]
UQ Radon –EEC activity concentration in Bq/m³
W rel. standard deviation at variable time constant in %
v Instrument model and software version number are given out.
Z read date/time of day Answer given as: yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss

ZZ read date/time Answer given as: yymmddhhmmss

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January 2003 Rev.
? read device address and ID
# output device status

The complete error -, warning -, and operating status is given out as String of 19 signs.
Each sign represents 4 status bits with hexadecimal display. The first 16 signs show the
detailed error status, the last 3 signs the global error -, warning -/alarm - and operating
status. (see 6.4)
6.3.2 Remote Write Commands
d1 print format COM 1 0...255

d2 print cycle in minutes 0...30000
d3 print cycle in seconds 0...120
d4 Baud rate COM 1 and COM 2
d7 device adress 0...255
d8 print format COM 2 0...255
D number set print format (e.g., D8 print format no. 8 setting range)
K1 number set calculation mode 0...4

- 0: USEPA buffer mode with fixed regression time
- 1: buffer mode with variable regression time
- 2: ratemeter mode fixed time constant
- 3: ratemeter mode variable time constant
- 4: ADF-mode
K2 number regression time for buffer mode 5...240

in minutes
K3 number relative standard deviation at variable 1...20)

regression times in percent
K4 Number ratemeter time constant for 0...120

ratemeter mode in minutes
K5 Number ratemeter time constant for 0...600

the mass output in seconds
K6 dp2/dT3 in hPa/°C
K7 dpabs/dT3 in hPa/°C
KB Number filter change particulate load in µg 0...99999
KC Number filter change air flow rate in l/h 0...99999
KD Number filter change cycle in min 0...60000

0: no filter change cycle

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January 2003 Rev.
KE Number filter change time of day (full hours) 0...24

0: no filter change
KG Number set point external heating 0...100

in degrees Celsius
KH Number set point air flow regulation in l/h 0...3500

3
KI Number immission limit 1 in µg/m 0...99999
3
KJ Number immission limit 2 in µg/m 0...99999
KK Number masse calibration factor 0...2000
KL Number temperate compensation factor 0...10000

in µg/K (*100)
KN Number concentration according 0...1

- 0: operating volume
- 1: norm volume
KM special monitor version

KO output of negative concentrations (0=yes, 1=no)
KP Zero of Analog output (0=0mA/0V, 1=4mA/2V)
KQ Analog output: Min. value concentration
KR Analog output: Max. value concentration
KU Analog output: Min. value air flow
KV Analog output: Max. value air flow
KW Analog output: Min. value air temperature
KX Analog output: Max. value air temperature
KY measurement value to analog-channel 5
KZ Analog output: Min. value channel 5
K! Analog output: Max. value channel 5
K$ measurement value to analog-channel 6
K% Analog output: Min. value channel 6
K& Analog output: Max. value channel 6
K/ Black carbon flag (0=no black carbon, 1=black carbon active)
K( Black smoke calibration factor k
K) Black smoke calibration factor RM1 in µg
K? Flag for language selection (0=deutsch, 1=english, 2=french/italian/spanish)
K+ Compensation factor Kp2 in µg/hPa for lower pressure
K* Compensation factor kPabs for barometric pressure in µg/hPa
K# Calibration factor of the air flow rate
Y$ write parameters to EEPROM
Zyymmddhhmmss set clock

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January 2003 Rev.
6.3.3 Remote Control Commands
A pump off
E pump on
F filter change
MON set monitor mode.

After input of this command all characters received on are displayed on the LCD. This
mode can be useful for testing of cable connections and the remote software on the
network computer. In addition it opens the possibility to write messages on the LCD.
<ESC> exit monitor mode.

Received characters will no longer be displayed, but will be interpreted
again as commands. The Display shows again the concentration.
P Data output according to the selected print format is triggered.

.
R Reset - This command has the same effect as cycling the power supply.
Caution: Some Modems send a “Ring” and the R will reset the instrument.
Repeated and frequent Resets can damage the instrument!
V delete measured value buffer
Y load parameter set from EEPROM
Output commands for file output:
/S Stop
/C Continue
/T Terminate
b yy mm dd hh set termination date for file output. Data from the files are given out from the
actual date until the termination set date.
Special Commands for C14 BETA

u0 reference count rate on
u1 alpha count rate on
u2 count rate pulses from the encoder of the filter tape transport system
ua number high voltage 0....1600 V
ub number Radon alpha / beta compensation factor FR1/R2
uc number efficiency α 2 in % 0...100 %
ud number alpha threshold 0...3900 mV

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January 2003 Rev.
7 Device Status Information

This section is meant to better direct you through the interpretation of the Operational, Warning,
and Error status codes that may be indicated by the C14 BETA .
7.1 Structure of the Status Concepts
Device Status
6 figures (hexadecimal)
Warning and Limit Operation Global Error

Status Status Sum Status
2 figures (hexadecimal) 2 figures (hexadecimal) 2 figures (hexadecimal)
Main Menu:
STATUS: 00 00 NORMAL
ERROR: 00
CONCENTR: 78ug/m3
DISP BACK NEXT
Decimal and Hexadecimal System
decimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
hexadecimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

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January 2003 Rev.
7.1.1 Warning and Operation Detailed Status Reports
Warning
Status
No. Definition
01 Limiting value 1 is exceeded

04 Black Smoke empty filter: voltage < 6V or voltage > 9V
08 External tube heater deviation: nominal-actual > 5K
10 Analog output #1 *5 (upper range is extended by a factor 5)
20 Temperature compensation of the mass signal > 250 ug
40 R(ref)/R(0) < 35 % ; R(ref)/R(0) >65 % : plateau shift of proportional
counter
80 Analog output #1 : * 10 (upper range is extended by a factor 10)
Operation
Status
No. Definition
00 Normal operation, no error

01 Mechanical filter change
02 Plateau check and zero adjustment of the mass (R0)
04 Mass stabilization procedure
08 Pump switched off
10 Manual operation (off-line, keyboard enabled)
20 Calibration enabled
40 Reference counter active (plateau check count rate)
80 Power supply switched on

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January 2003 Rev.
7.1.2 Structure of the Status Conception
NOTE:
Each individual status report is independent from one another. At the same time, several
status reports can potentially be active. The code numbers from the detailed status
reports are added and form both the Warning Status and the Operation Status.
Examples for Warning and Operation Status Indicators:
STATUS: Definition
0011 0010 Manual Operation (off-line, keyboard enabled)
0001 Mechanical filter change
0082 0080 Power supply switched on

0002 Plateau Check and Zero adjustment of the mass
0009 0001 Mechanical Filter change

0008 Pump switched off
0300 0100 Limiting value 1 is exceeded

A104 2000 Temp. comp. of the mass signal > 250 ug

8000 Analog Output #1:*10 (upper range is extended by a factor of
10)
0004 Mass stabilization procedure
Note: Below are the combinations of potential added status codes and their breakdown. In the
last STATUS example above, recognize that the “A” in A104 shows a combination of 20 and 80
for the Warning Status. Do not confuse this with a 02 and 08 for Warning Status. The
positioning of the alphabetical character is key to defining which codes the instrument is
reporting. For example, if in fact the STATUS was to include the 02 and 08 for the Warning
Status, then the “A104” field would become “0B04”. Being able to recognize these subtleties
will allow the user to easily define and troubleshoot the C14 BETA as necessary. Below is a
matrix of alphanumeric combinations.
0 1 2 3=2+1
4 5=4+1 6=4+2 7 = 4 + 2 +1
8 9=8+1 A=8+2 B=8+2+1
C=8+4 D=8+4+1 E=8+4+2 F = 8 + 4 + 2 +1

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January 2003 Rev.
7.1.3 Error-Status Report

From the Main Menu, a Global Error sum status appears as a 2 hexadecimal figure. Below are
the codes and general definitions. Each code should be interpreted by reviewing the detailed
error status codes.
Global Error
Sum Status
Code Global Error Sum Status Definition Field
01 Sum status of the data and program memory A

02 Sum status of particulate sampling and measuring system B
04 Sum status of air flow rate measurement system C
08 Sum status of air flow rate regulation unit D
10 Sum status of the external vacuum tube heater E
20 Sum status of temperature measurements F
40 Sum status of Black-Smoke measurement unit G
80 not used H
7.1.3.1 Structure of the Detailed Error Status
The following break down of the Global Error Sum Status indicators to a Detailed Error Status
can be obtained by pressing the DISP key once and the NEXT key 4 times from the Main Menu.
Global Error
Sum Status
Detailed
ERRORSTATUS:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Error Status Codes
H G F E D C B A 16 figures (hexadecimal
TEXT BACK NEXT
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January 2003 Rev.
From above, the Global Error Sum Status Code is broken down into a Detailed Error Status
Code. From the Detailed Error Status window there are a total of eight (8) fields. Of these, only
seven (7) are used. It is shown in the window that each two-character field is defined as A, B,
C, D, E, F, G, and H, from right to left. Each of these fields can have a corresponding Detailed
Error Status Code. Once these detailed codes are known, the systematic hexadecimal values
can be defined using the following descriptions:
A: Sum Status of Data and Program Memory = 01

Code Definition
01 FLASH-EEPROM error
02 8kByte-RAM error
04 Save RAM error (back-up battery exhausted)
08 EEPROM read / write error
10 not used
20 not used
40 not used
80 not used
B: Sum Status of Particulate Sampling and Measuring System = 02

Code Definition
01 detector error
02 not used
04 temperature compensation > +500 ug
08 low pressure below filter P2 < 10 hPa (pump running)
10 lift sensor: „open“ position not noticed
20 filter break
40 Plateau Shift: 8,000 > R1 > 12,000
80 immediately renewed filter change trigger as a consequence of
mass > filter change mass
low pressure > 450hPa
air flow rate < filter change air flow rate
C: Sum status of Air Flow Rate Measurement System = 04

Code Definition
01 difference pressure sensor P1: voltage < 0V or voltage > 10V
02 low pressure sensor P2: voltage < 0V or voltage > 10V
04 barometric pressure sensor P3: voltage < 0V or voltage > 10V
08 not used
10 not used
20 difference pressure P1 < 1hPa
40 not used
80 not used

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January 2003 Rev.
D: Sum Status of Air Flow Rate Regulation Unit = 08
Code Definition
01 regulation deviation > 5 %

02 regulator completely open
04 regulator completely closed
08 not used
10 not used
20 not used
40 not used
80 not used
E: Sum Status of the External Vacuum Tube Heater = 10
Code Definition
01 regulation deviation of tube heater: actual-nominal < -20 K
02 regulation deviation of tube heater: actual-nominal > +5 K
04 not used
08 not used
10 not used
20 not used
40 not used
80 not used
F: Sum Status of Temperature Measurements = 20
Code Definition
01 temperature particulate sampling chamber T2: short circuit
02 temperature particulate sampling chamber T2: broken wire
04 temperature compensation chamber T3: short circuit
08 temperature compensation chamber T3: broken wire
10 temperature sensor at PM-10 inlet T1: short circuit
20 temperature sensor at PM-10 inlet T1: broken wire
40 temperature sensor of tube heater T4: short circuit
80 temperature sensor of tube heater T4: broken wire

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January 2003 Rev.
G: Sum Status of Black Smoke Measurement Unit = 40
Code Definition
01 empty filter signal: voltage < 4.5V or voltage > 10V
02 total air probe volume < 1 litre
04 argument in logarithm < 0
08 not used
10 not used
20 not used
40 not used
80 not used
7.1.3.2 Superposition of Several Error Status Reports
The individual error status reports are independent from each other. Thus, at the same time
several status reports can be active. The code numbers of the individual error status reports
are added and form the Detailed Error Status, which forms the Global Error Sum Status“.
Examples:
Code numbers of Error Status Meaning

Global: Detailed:
A(01): 0000 0000 0000 0004 Save RAM error (back-up battery exhausted)
B(02): 0000 0000 0000 3000 lift sensor: „open“ position not noticed
filter break
C(04): 0000 0000 0001 0000 diff. pressure sensor P1: voltage < 0V or voltage > 10V
D(08): 0000 0000 0300 0000 regulation deviation > 5%

regulator completely open
E(10): 0000 0002 0000 0000 regulation deviation of tube heater: actual-nominal>5 K
F(20): 0000 8000 0000 0000 temperature sensor of tube heater T4: broken wire
G(50): 0002 0002 0000 0000 total air probe volume < 1 litre
regulation deviation of tube heater: actual-nominal > 5K

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January 2003 Rev.
7.2 Output of Status Reports
7.2.1 Visual Outputs
7.2.1.1 Status Reports on the Display
Main Menu:
STATUS: 00 00 OPERATE
ERROR: 00
CONCENTR: 78ug/m3
DISP BACK NEXT
Detailed Error Status: From Main Menu, press DISP once and NEXT 4 times:
ERRORSTATUS:
0000 0000 0000 0000
TEXT BACK NEXT
Text Displays: Press TEXT in corresponding Detailed Error Status and Status display
winows
Detailed Error Status Warning and Operation Status

ERRORSTATUS: STATUS:
AIR FLOW RATE MEAS.! PUMP OFF
EXTERN TUBE HEATER! LIMITING VALUE 1
TEXT BACK NEXT TEXT BACK NEXT

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January 2003 Rev.
7.2.1.2 LED Status Reports
Red LED ERROR on: At least one Detailed Error Status is set
Yellow LED STATUS on: At least one Warning or Operation Status is set
Green LED READY on: No Error Status is set
7.2.1.3 Output by Potential Free Relay Contacts
If the according status is not set, the relay will be in operation.

If the according status is set, the relay will be at rest.
Each relay has one potential free change contact.
The self-surveillance routine of the C14 BETA is executed every second and the relays are set
or reset according to the actual status.
7.2.1.4 Status Reports of the Standard Relays on the main board
Relay 0: signals the Warning Status and the Operation Status
Relay 1: signals the Limit Status
Relay 2: signals the Error (Break-Down) Status
7.2.1.5 Status Reports of the extended Relays (I/O-Expansion Board (42545/1025))
Relay 0: signals filter tape change

Relay 1: signals filter tape break
Relay 2: signals air flow rate error
Relay 3: signals instrument off
Relay 4: signals error (break down)-status
Relay 5: signals Analog out: Range 2

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January 2003 Rev.
7.2.2 Output by Serial Interfaces
Either COM1 or COM2 are the serial interface.
7.2.2.1 Remote control commands via Terminal
Simple read command:
command string: # device return: „0000 0000 0000 0000 00 0000“
Detailed Error Status Warning and Operation Status
Global Error Sum Status
Data Protocol with Network Connection:
Command: <STX> DA address <ETX> <BCC1> <BCC2>

Device return: <STX> MD 01 address measured value status SFKT <ETX> <BCC1>
<BCC2>
(See manual chapter 6 for detailed explanation of the code words above)
Status has 4 figures: 2 figures Operation Status

2 figures Global Error Sum Status
(„Warning and Limit Status“ is not included!)
By device version no. 5 (compatible to FH62I-N):

Operation Status: data bit D1: „off-line, keyboard enabled“
data bit D2: „filter change“
Global Error (Break-Down) Status:
data bit D0: „air flow rate error“
data bit D1: „filter tape break or filter tape end“
data bit D2: „offset > + 100%“
data bit D3: „mass buffer is not filled“

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January 2003 Rev.
7.3 Print Formats
Print Formats are a convenient way to download stored 30 minute concentrations and logbook
entries as far back as 1 year. The most convenient print formats (PF) are PF 3, PF 8, PF 19,
and PF 39. PF 3 will give you a instantaneous observation of Date, time, status, concentration,
mass, and flow rate. PF 8 will give you the parameter list, which is useful in tracking any
calibration or operational changes. PF 9 will track the changes to the parameter list as a
security measure. PF 19 provides a logbook of errors and transactions by the instrument; this
is valuable in tracking where errors may have began. PF 39 is a convenient way of
downloading the internally stored concentration data.
In some print formats, besides the measured values, the device status in the format 00 00 00
also gives parameter status of the C14 BETA. The first two figures represent the Global Error
Sum Status, the two in the middle represent the Warning Status, and the last two represent the
Operation Status.
Print examples (print format no. 1 and no. 2)

1) date time status concentration
99-11-02 14:50:26 00 00 00 30
2) date time status concentration particulate mass

99-11-02 14:50:33 00 00 00 30 64
7.3.1 Quality Assurance of Data
As can be seen above, general status conditions can be given from the front panel display and
also from general status codes. By cross referencing a PF 39 to a PF 19 (30-min concentration
vs logbook entries), the status codes can be compared to detailed error, global error, and
warning and operational status entries. This should be done at least quarterly to validate data
points.
7.3.1.1 Status Changes and Entries into the Logbook

When the device status changes, the new device status is copied into the logbook together with
date, time, concentration, mass, air flow rate, temperatures (T1, T2, T3, T4) and pressures (P1,
P2, P3). The logbook contains the latest 1,632 entries via PF 19.
ESM Eberline Particulate monitor FH62 C14 no.: 2 96-11-02
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOGBOOK
DATE TIME ERRORSTATUS CONC MASS Q_PM10 T1 T2 T3 T4 P1 P2 P3
99-11-02 12:08 0000000000000000000000 25 -7 1001 26 26 26 30 2416 63 976
99-11-02 12:03 0000000000000000000004 25 32 998 26 26 26 30 2366 62 976
99-11-02 12:00 0000000000000000000002 25 65 422 26 26 26 30 65 5 976
99-11-02 12:00 0000000000000000000011 25 118 0 26 26 26 30 -65 -2 976
99-11-02 06:08 0000000000000000000000 3 -4 1000 24 25 25 29 2421 63 976
Detailed Error Status Warning Status Operation Status

Global Error Sum Status

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January 2003 Rev.
7.3.1.2 Status Definition of the Half-Hour Mean Values of the Concentration
The code numbers of all status codes occurring during the half-hour are
added and thus form the status of the half-hour mean values.
This procedure prevents the loss of status information, even when a special status vanishes
again during the half-hour. Multiple occurrence of the same status in a half hour is not recorded.
Example: time status commentary

13.45 00 00 00 normal operation
14.05 00 01 00 limiting value 1 exceeded
14.35 00 03 00 limiting value 1 and 2 exceeded
14.39 00 03 10 off-line, keyboard enabled
14.56 00 01 10 Immission value 1 exceeded
15.10 00 00 00 normal operation
Status of the half-hour mean values:

14.00 - 14.30 : 00 01 00
14.30 - 15.00 : 00 03 10
15.00 - 15.30 : 00 01 10
7.3.1.3 30-Minute Particulate Concentration Data
The half-hour mean value file is accessed through Print Format 39. It contains date, time,
status, class, and 1/2h-mean concentration value. It contains the latest 18,560 values. The
entry is written at the end of every finished half hour. For example, the concentration measured
from 00:01 to 00:30 will be associated with the entry of 00:30.
The classes have 21 intervals (1..21). Class 10 represents the immission value 1 fed into the
device. When the instrument has not been in an error free state with the device status “00 xxxx”
(where x = any figure) for at least 20 minutes during a half hour (= 2/3 total time) the
concentration mean value is set to zero and it is inserted as error-class (class 24).
ESM Eberline Particulate monitor FH62 C14 Nr.: 2 96-11-02
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1/2h MEAN VALUES
DATE TIME STATUS CLASS CONC[ug/m3]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
94-11-02 14:30 000000 3 31
94-11-02 14:00 000000 3 31
94-11-02 13:30 000000 2 30
94-11-02 13:00 000000 2 29
94-11-02 12:30 000017 2 27
Example: (print format no. 30 or no. 39)
7.3.1.4 File of Changed Parameters

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January 2003 Rev.
The file of changed parameters has 22 entries and contains date, time, name of changed
parameter, former value, and new value. The file has a serial number, which is incremented
independently by each parameter change whether the parameter has been changed via
keyboard or via serial interface. With this file parameter changes of the C14 BETA are very well
documented. The actual parameter settings can be called out with Print Format 9.
Example: (print format no. 9)

ESM Eberline Particulate monitor FH62C14 Nr.: 2 96-11-02
----------------------------------------------------------------------
PARAMETER CHANGE LIST no.: 437
94-10-28 14:44 RATEMETER-MODE: 30 90
94-10-28 14:44 REGRESSION TIME: 60 180
94-10-28 09:51 MASS RC-FILTER 33 300
94-10-28 09:35 CYCLE min 240 720
94-10-27 10:34 AIR FLOW RATE: 1110 1000
94-10-27 10:33 AIR FLOW RATE: 1100 1110
7.3.2 Examples of Print Formats
The output of these print format list results through an output spooler. The measurement
operation of particulate is not interrupted and the instrument operation will continue. The
remote control over the second serial interface remains in operation during a print format output
over the first interface.
Examples of Printouts
1) Date time of day status concentration

94-11-02 14:50:26 000000 30
2) Date time of day status concentration

94-11-02 14:50:33 000000 30
3) Date time of day status concentration air flow

94-11-02 14:50:40 000000 30 1000
4) Date time of day status concentration air flow BC-No BC-Concentr total vol.
94-11-02 14:50:40 000000 30 1000 4 12 4120
6) Network protocol
<STX>MD01 002 +3023+01 0000 0000000000 <ETX>3B

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January 2003 Rev.
Examples of Print Formats continued
8) Parameter List
ESM Eberline Particulate Monitor C14 BETA Nr.: 2 94-11-02

----------------------------------------------------------------------
CALCULATION MODE 0
REGRESSION TIME: 60 min
STANDARD DEVIATION: 10 %
RATEMETER MODE: 30 min
RC-FILTER FOR MASS 300 s
SOURCE DATE:
YEAR: 94
MONTH: 8
PRINT FORMAT: 8
PRINT ZYCLE: 0
FILTER CHANGE
MASS > µg 2000
AIR FLOW< l/h 950
ZYCLE min 60000
TIME: CLOCK 24
REGULATOR FOR HEATING AND AIR FLOW

HEATING TEMPERATURE._C: 30
AIR FLOW l/h : 1000
IMMISSIONS VALUE 1: 300

IMMISSIONS VALUE 2: 500
CALIBRATION MASS
AMPLIFICATION: 300
AIR FLOW: 10.42
P1,V P1,NP P2,V P2,NP P3,NP T1,NP T2,NP T3,NP T4,NP
105 172 59 52 118 128 3 67 12
ANALOG OUTPUTS
OUTPUT ZERO: 1
CONCENTRATION MIN: -100
CONCENTRATION MAX: 900
STAUBMASS MIN: -200
STAUBMASS MAX: 1800

- 113 -
January 2003 Rev.
9) List of Parameter Changes ( 22 entries)

----------------------------------------------------------------------
LIST OF PARAMETER CHANGES Nr.: 437
94-10-28 14:44 RATEMETER MODE: 30 90
94-10-28 14:44 REGRESSION TIME: 60 180
94-10-28 09:51 RC-FILTER FOR MASS 33 300
94-10-28 09:35 CYCLE min 240 720
94-10-27 10:34 AIR FLOW: 1110 1000
94-10-27 10:33 AIR FLOW: 1100 1110
19) Logbook (1,632 entries entries)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOGBOOK
DATE/TIME ERROR STATUS CONC MASS Q_PM10 T1 T2 T3 T4 P1 P2 P3
94-11-02 12:08 0000000000000000000000 25 -7 1001 26 26 26 30 2416 63 976
94-11-02 12:03 0000000000000000000004 25 32 998 26 26 26 30 2366 62 976
94-11-02 12:00 0000000000000000000002 25 65 422 26 26 26 30 65 5 976
94-11-02 12:00 0000000000000000000011 25 118 0 26 26 26 30 -65 -2 976
94-11-02 06:08 0000000000000000000000 3 -4 1000 24 25 25 29 2421 63 976
39) Half Hour Averages ( 18,650 entries)

----------------------------------------------------------------------
1/2-h AVERAGES
DATE/TIME STATUS CLASS CONC[ug/m3]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
94-11-02 14:30 000000 3 31
94-11-02 14:00 000000 3 31
94-11-02 13:30 000000 2 30
94-11-02 13:00 000000 2 29
94-11-02 12:30 000017 2 27
31) Half hour average values like 39), however without headlines and punctuation lines
61) independent of the setted print cycle each half hour the half hour average value is given out. At
midnight the printout of a headline results like in the print format 30 follows.
71) like 61), in addition at midnight printout of the distribution of the half hour averages values of the past
day like in the print format 99)
81...83) like 1...3, in addition head line for every day at midnight

- 114 -
January 2003 Rev.
40) daily averages (up to 380 lines)
ESM Eberline Particulate Monitor C14 BETA No.: 2 94-11-29

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DAILY AVERAGES
DATE o.k.% CONC[ug/m3]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
94-11-01 100 2
94-10-31 100 1
94-10-30 100 2
94-10-29 100 5
94-10-28 87 17
94-10-27 95 23
41) Daily averages like 40), however without headline
50) Distribution of the half hour average values (concentration classes)
ESM Eberline Particulate Monitor C14 BETA No.: 2 94-11-29

------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
------------------------------------------------------------------------
94-10-28 12 9 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
94-10-27 13 4 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
94-10-26 8 4 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
94-10-25 10 9 7 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
94-10-24 6 3 9 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

- 115 -
January 2003 Rev.
8 Technical Data
8.1 Specification of Technical Data

8.1.1 Lower Detection Limit
Detection Limit of the Concentration (V = 1 m3/h)
3
measured value: 9 µg/m
3
½ h -average: 6 µg/m
3
1 h – average: 4 µg/m
3
3 h - average 3 µg/m
3
24 h -average 1 µg/m
with the following parameters:

Calculation mode: Linear Regression (LMS method)
Time constant: 1h
Confidence interval: 95%
3
Air flow rate: 1 m /h
8.1.2 Reproducibility R
Concentration class Reproducibility R

0 < C < 25 µg/m3 60.3
25 < C < 50 µg/m3 53.0
50 < C < 75 µg/m3 30.0
75 < C < 100 µg/m3 43.7
C > 100 µg/m3 23.6
8.1.3 Upper Limit of the Measuring Range
Max. particulate load on the filter: typically 1,500 µg
Concentration: 0 - 5,000 µg/m3 , or

3
0 – 10,000 µg/m

- 116 -
January 2003 Rev.
8.1.4 Temperature Dependence of the Concentration Display

a) static temperature dependence:
ambient temperature dependence (+5 °C to +40 °C):
zero point drift: < 0.2 % / 10K ( for IW2 = 300 µg/m3)
sensitivity drift: < 0.5 % / 10 K
air temperature changing (-20 °C to +40 °C):
zero point drift: < 0.1 % / 10K (for IW2 = 300 µg/m3)
sensitivity drift: < 0.5 % / 10 K
b) dynamic temperature dependence:
5 µg/m3 / (1 K/h)
8.1.5 Long Time Characteristics

3
Drift at zero point: < 0.005 % / day (for IW2 = 300 g/m )
Drift of sensitivity < 0.020 % / day
8.1.6 Availability
Availability: > 98 %
8.1.7 Leakage
Leakage: < 0.5 % (for air flow before filter)
8.1.8 Correction factors for the change of the air mass in the active volume
FH 62 I-R FH 62-1 FH 62 C-14
Temperature
particulate sampling 26.5 µg/K 30.8 µg/K 14.0 µg/K
chamber KT2
Barometric pressure KPabs 0 µg/hPa 9.5 µg/hPa 4.0 µg/hPa
Low pressure under filter 0 µg/hPa 1.55 µg/hPa 1.06 µg/hPa

KP2

- 117 -
January 2003 Rev.
8.2 Dimensions and Weight

Dimensions:
Width: 450 mm
Depth: 320 mm to 400 mm
Height: 7 HU (315 mm)
With installation in a 19" housing (or rack) 2 additional HU (89.6 mm) requires.
Weight:
Central Unit: ca. 25 kg
8.3 Power Supply

Supply voltage: 100...240 V, 50/60 Hz +/-10%
Power central unit maximum: 15 W (without pump and heating)
3
Pump (1 m /h): ca. 100 W
Heating for vacuum tube: ca. 100 W
8.4 Particulate Collection Device
Particulate collection aerea: 2.0 cm2 (diameter 16 mm)

Particulate load: 1500 µg (max. 3000 µg)
Air flow rate: 1 m3/h (Standard or Operating conditions)
Filter tape Type: Glass fiber filter GF 3577 (KT149248093) or GF 10
(KT149248091)
Width: 40 mm
Separation grade: 98 %
Roll length: ca. 40 m (sufficient for approx. 1400 single measurements; at
two daily filter changes sufficient for approx. 2 years)
2 2
Area weight : 6.9 mg/cm (GF 10) ; 4.5 mg/cm (GF 3577)+10 %
Flow resistant : 2,240 N/m2
Filter Temperature range: to 140 °C
Filter material: glass fiber
Resolution of filter transport: 1 mm

- 118 -
January 2003 Rev.
8.5 Source
Ref. no. SM 149472200
Nuclide: sealed C-14 Source as Ba CO3 -salt

Radiation type: Beta- Radiation (maximum Energy 0.156 MeV)
Activity: < 3.7 MBq (< 100 µCi)
Half-life: 5,730 years
Type: A1186-16, 9/97
Dimensions: 21 mm diameter, 3.5 mm thickness
Active area: 16mm
8.6 Detector
LND 4335 Mica window alpha / beta / gamma proportional counter
Internal pressure: ~ 800 hPa

Temperature range: - 20 ° C to + 50 ° C
Life time in counts: tpy. 1013
8.7 Operating Data
Display: LCD - module with 4 x 20 signs and 3 LEDs

Keyboard: 4 keys / Menu technology
Measuring range:
Mass: 1,500 µg (max. 3000 µg)
3
Concentration: 0 – 5,000µg /m
Temperature measurement:
measuring range: -30°C...+70°C (all 4 Sensors)
linearity error : < 1% in the measuring range
zero point error: adjustable
slope error : < 2%

- 119 -
January 2003 Rev.
Pressure measurement
measuring range P1: 0....100 hPa (difference)
P2: 0....500 hPa (difference)
P3: 500....1500 hPa (absolute)
linearity error : < 1% all measuring ranges
zero point error: adjustable
zero point drift: < 1% of measuring range (temperature)
P1, P2 amplification error: adjustable
P3 amplification error: < 3%
Air flow rate measurement

Measuring range: 0.6-1.4 m3/h
Linearity error: < 1%
Barometric pressure error: < 1% 500-1200 hPa
Temperature error: < 1% -10°C....+50°C
Percent data: % of the nominal value QNenn = 1 m3/h
Air flow rate regulation

PID (no lasting regulation deviation)
Ambient conditions
Temperature: -20°C....+50°C (lower -10°C has poor reading of Display)
Air humidity: 20%....80% non-condensing
Air pressure: 750...1050 hPa
Measurement outputs:
analog outputs for particulate mass and concentration
output linear, output range freely selectable
output voltage: 0...10 V Bürde > 2 kOhm
current output : 0....20 mA, 4....20mA,load: 0...500 Ohm
Potential separation with plug-in for each exit separately
2 Serial interfaces : - V24/RS232 (printer or PC connection)
300 ....9600 Bd
Alarm thresholds: two independent freely selectable limits for particulate concentration
Filter tape check: Automatic pump switch off at filter break

- 120 -
January 2003 Rev.
Measurement - and Data storage:

Half hour average storage with 18560 entries
Logbook with 1632 entries
Daily averages (385 days)
Contacts for In - and Outputs:
A regulation input
Three alarm - and status signals over potential free Relay contact. Loading capacity of
the contacts: 0.5 A/60 V

- 121 -
January 2003 Rev.
8.8 Connection Sockets
Plug COM1 No. 33 Fig. 4.2 Plug I/O No. 31 and No. 11 Fig.4.1/Fig 4.2
o o 1 Relay 0 working contact (Power failure)

o 1 Screen o 14 Relay 0 resting contact
o 14 o 2 Relay 0 central contact
o 2 TD o 15 Relay 1 working contact (Pulse out for mass)
o 15 o 3 Relay 1 resting contact
o 3 RD o 16 Relay 1 central contact
o 16 o 4 Relay 2 working contact (Global error)
o 4 RTS o 17 Relay 2 resting contact
o 17 o 5 Relay 2 central contact
o 5 CTS o 18
o 18 o 6
o 6 o 19
o 19 o 7
o 7 GND o 20
o 20 o 8 Input for Telemeter OK (Japan Vers.)
o 8 o 21 GND for Telemeter OK (Japan Vers.)
o 21 o 9 Input for Telemeter reset (Japan Vers.)
o 9 o 22 GND for Telemeter reset (Japan Vers.)
o 22 o 10
o 10 o 23
o 23 o 11
o 11 o 24
o 24 o 12 +20 mA Concentration : 0-10V (+)
o 12 o 25
o 25 o 13 -20 mA Concentration : 0-10V (Ground)
13
Relay 0: Operating status

Plug COM2 No. 32 Fig. 4.2 Relay 1: Limit
Relay 2: error
o 1 Contact load allowed:
o 6 -12V
2 TD
max 60V/ 0.5A
o
o 7 CTS Resting: Relay energized
o 3 RD
o 8 -12V Analog Outputs 0...10V:
o 4
9 Inside resistant: < 1 Ohm
o
o 5 GND Max.output current: 5 mA
Analog outputs 0...20mA:

max. burden: 500 Ohm

- 122 -
January 2003 Rev.
Plug Analog I/O No.

Plug Bit I/O (Expansion) No. 27 Fig. 4.2 29 Fig. 4.2
o 1 Relay 0 working contact o
o 20 Relay 0 resting contact o 1 +15V
o 2 Relay 0 central contact o 14 AIN1
o 21 Relay 1 working contact o 2 -15V
o 3 Relay 1 resting contact o 15 EEPROM DO
o 4 Relay 2 working contact o 16 AIN6
o 23 Relay 2 resting contact o 4 AIN7
o 24 Relay 3 working contact o 5 EEPROM CS
o 6 Relay 3 resting contact o 18 GND
o 7 Relay 4 working contact o 19 GND
o 26 Relay 4 resting contact o 7 0..10V OUT C
o 8 Relay 4 central contact o 20 AIN 3
o 27 Relay 5 working contact o 8 SHIFT CLOCK (SK)
o 9 Relay 5 resting contact o 21 0..10V OUT A
o 10 o 22 SER. OUT (DI)
o 29 +IN 1 o 10 0..10V OUT B
o 11 -IN 1 o 23 TRIM DAC LD
o 30 GND o 11 GND
o 12 +IN 2 o 24 0..10V OUT D
o 31 -IN 2 o 12 GND
o 13 GND o 25
o 32 +IN 3 13 GND
o 14 -IN 3
o 33 GND
o 15 +IN 4
o 34 -IN 4
o 16 GND Plug 4...20 mA (Expansion)
o 35
o 17 No. 28 Fig. 4.2
36 o
o o
18 +20mA Concentrat. 1 +20mA A (air flow rate)
o o
37 6 -20mA A (air flow rate)
o o
19 -20mA ConCentrat. 2 +20mA B (Temp. PM10-inlet)
o o 7 -20mA B (Temp. PM10-inlet)
o 3 +20mA C (channel 5)
o 8 -20mA C (channel 5)
o 4 +20mA D (channel 6)
o 9 -20mA D (channel 6)
5

- 123 -
January 2003 Rev.
Plug RS485 No. 30 Fig. 4.2

Plug SENSORS/PUMP No.
1
o
9 B1 o
22 Fig. 4.2
o
2 A1 o
o 10 1 GND
o o 6 +0...10V, Pump regulation
3 o
o 11 B1 2
o o 7
4 A1
o 12
o 3
o 5 o 8 Sensor T1, PM10-inlet
o 13 o 4 Sensor T1, PM10-inlet
6 o 9 Sensor T4,tube heating
o 5 Sensor T4, tube heating
o 14
7
o
15
o 8 Signal Ground
o
o
Plug PUMP No. 22 Fig. 4.2
Switched voltage output maximal 3 A

Pin- Designation
Nr
protective
conductor
3 switched
voltage
Pump
1 neutral
conductor
Plug HEATER No. 23 Fig. 4.2
Switched voltage output maximal 3 A

Pin- Designation
Nr
protective
conductor
2 switched
voltage
Heating
1 neutral
conductor

- 124 -
January 2003 Rev.
9 Spare Parts
Reference Part No. Description Thermo Andersen Part No.

42 545/1004 Motor cpl. P/N 42545-1004
42 545/1005 Motor P/N 525451005
42 545/1006 Roll P/N 425451006
42 545/1007 Air flow module P/N 42545-1007
42 545/1008 Temperature sensor T2 particulate sampling P/N 42545-1008
42 545/1009 Temperature sensor T3 compensation P/N 42545-1009
42 545/1014 Exzenter P/N 42545-1014
42 545/1018 Filter tape printer P/N FH127
42 545/1020 Electronic module fh62c14 P/N 42545-1020
42 545/1023 PCB photo sensor P/N 42545-1023
42 545/1026 PCB- Analog I/O expansion P/N 42545-1026
42 545/1029 PCB-20mA potential-free separation P/N 42545-1029
42 545/1031 Front plate /Display /keys P/N 42545-1031
42 545/1040 Display concoction cable P/N 42545-1040
42 545/1042 I/O Front plate cable P/N 42545-1042
42 545/1050 Flow Control P/N 42545-1050
42 545/2103 External Temperature sensors (T1, T4) P/N 42545-2103
42 545/4001 Measuring head P/N 42545-1004
42 545/4003 Adapter board for fh62c14 P/N 42545-1003
42 545/4012 Calibration foil set for fh62c14 P/N FH125C14
42545/4002 Detector electr. Board P/N 42545-4002
KT149248091 Glass fiber filter tape GF#10 P/N FH111
KT149248093 Glass fiber filter tape GF#3577 (thin tape) P/N FH111-3577
KT160369015 Power Cable P/N KT160369015
SM149472200 C14 source P/N SM149472200
SM162295405 Power filter P/N SM162295405
SM165700900 Detector LND 4335 P/N SM165700900
SM165720662 CMOS-RAM expansion P/N FH181
SM168400114 Power supply100-240V, 50/60Hz, 5V, 15V, -15V P/N SM168400114

- 125 -
January 2003 Rev.
10 Electronic Main Board (42545/1021)
10.1 Function of the Jumpers
10.1.1 Analog Outputs
Jumper Connection Standard Function

Settings
Concentration (rear side)
X10 Pin 3-4, 7-8 X Current loop 0/4-20mA
Pin 1-3, 7-8 Voltage output: 0/2-10V
X11 not used
X24 Concentration (front side)

Pin 3-4, 7-8 X Current loop: 0/4-20mA
Pin 1-3, 7-8 Voltage output: 0/2-10V
X25 not used
10.1.2 Flash-EEPROM programmable via serial interface COM 1 (Software Update)
X30 Pin 1-2 Programming enabled

Pin 2-3 Programming disabled
10.1.3 CPU active / disabled
X31 Pin 1-2 X CPU active

Pin 2-3 CPU disabled
X33 Pin 1-3 CPU disabled
Pin 2-3 X CPU active

- 126 -
January 2003 Rev.
10.1.4 Battery for Save RAM Area
X32 Pin 1-2 X Battery on

Pin 2-3 Battery off
10.1.5 Others
X34 Pin 1-2 X GND on I/O-Bus Bit 7

Pin 2-3 +5V on I/O-Bus Bit 7
X35 - test pin for ADC
reference voltage
10.2 Function of the DIP - switches
10.2.1 Switch S1: Select Temperature Sensor Type
Switch Standard Sensor Type

setting
S1/1 on S1/2 off T2: KTY 10
S1/1 off S1/2 on X T2: PT 100
S1/3 on S1/4 off FH 62-1 T3: KTY 10
S1/3 off S1/4 on FH 62 I-R T3: PT 100

- 127 -
January 2003 Rev.
FIGURE 17: MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD & ANALOG OUTPUT JUMPER SETTINGS
Display
Program Chip
Programming
Jumper Lock
Internal Memory Chip
0-20 mA
Analog
Output
T4 Jumper
Setting
T3
T2
T1
0-10 V
Analog
Output
Jumper
Setting
FRONT OF INSTRUMENT REAR OF INSTRUMENT

- 128 -
January 2003 Rev.
11 Factory Release Test Protocol

Corresponding test instruction: PRS-PA 4693
Tested instrument: Particulate Monitor C14 BETA

Drawing No. 42545/40
Serial No. Customer:

Source No. Adress:
Werkauftrags-No.
Software-Version
1. Adjustment contrast of display (Poti R19) o.k.

2. Connector X32/1-2: activated battery o.k.
3. Input / load preset-value o.k.
4. VDE-test o.k.
5. Check the assembling of radiation protection
relevant components and parts o.k.
6. Sensor Calibration
6.1 Temperature Sensors
T1: PM10-Head (Troom ±1) o.k.
T2: Particulate Chamber (Troom ±1) o.k.
T3: Instrument Temperature (Troom ±1) o.k.
T4: Heating (probe) (Troom ±1) o.k.
6.2 Pressure Sensors
P3: Barometric pressure (Pabs ±5) o.k.
P1: Orifice pressure Zero point: (0 ±2) o.k.
Span point: (-100±2) o.k.
P2: Lower pressure Zero point: (0±5) o.k.
Span point: (-250±5) o.k.
6.3 Actual air flow rate (1000±10) o.k.

Position of regulator at 1000 l/h: (70±10) o.k.
Stability of air flow (Rotameter) ±15 o.k.

- 129 -
January 2003 Rev.
7. Radiometrical tests
7.1 Background count rates (t = 600 s)

R1 < 0,5 1/s o.k.
R2 < 0,1 1/s o.k.
7.2 Test run without C14-source for determination of the

compensation factor FR1/R2 for natural aerosol activity
FR1/R2 = nominal range: FR1/R2 = 4 ...5 o.k.
7.3 Plateau of α-source Am-241 o.k.

Determination of the cut point of threshold S2 : S2(50%)>3850 mV o.k.
Nominal range High voltage
1250 - 1400 V V
o.k.
C-14 Count rate R2 (3750 mV) < 0,3 1/s o.k.
7.4 Efficiency
Nominal range Efficiency
ε > ε = ...............%
εα1 > 12 % εα1 = % o.k.
εα2 > 9 % εα2 = % o.k.
εC14 > 0,1 % εC14 = % o.k.
7.5 Determination of the threshold S2 of the reference count rate

(check of plateau shift) when R1 (60 mV) / R2 (S2) = (50 ± 5) %
S2 = ___mV, nominal range 300 ...500 mV o.k.

- 130 -
January 2003 Rev.
8. Calibration of mass Foil kit No. Standard

8.1 Count rate with zero-foil s
8.2 Calibration factor with span-foil
Calibration with quartz:
Calibration with ambient air:
9. Check of calibration with quartz particulate generator

Quartz mass load:
Empty filter: µg % r. H
Loaded filter: µg % r. H.
Total mass: µg
Instrument mass indication with quarz load:

Calibration with air 1500 µg
particulate:
Calibration with quartz 1304 µg
particulate:
Relative error with quartz calibration < 5 % o.k.
Reference of the calibration by delivery:
Calibration with quartz:
Calibration with ambient air:
10. Zero point drift of mass signal < 20 o.k.

11. Long term testing (filter change 4 h) o.k.
12. Value and status

12.1 Serial interface o.k.
12.2 Analog 20 mA back panel o.k.
12.3 Analog 20 mA front panel o.k.
12.4 Status relays output o.k.
13. Customer Analog Output Specification: mA or V o.k.

(Factory Default is mA)
Remarks:
Date: ________Tested by: ___________

- 131 -
January 2003 Rev.
12 Trouble Shooting List
Error
The change of parameters

is not possible
↓
Reasons What to do
Keyboard not enabled → Enable Keyboard through

Menu

- 132 -
January 2003 Rev.
Error
No mass value
↓
Reasons What to do
ADC defect → Change the main circuit

board
Mains are broken → Check and repair
Check HV
No High Voltage value
Change detector
Detector defect →

- 133 -
January 2003 Rev.
Error
No automatic filter change
↓
Reasons What to do
Thermistor defect → Change thermistor or

main board
Check filter transport motor

Mechanical defect → and mechanics.
Make sure tape is adhered to
take-up reel
Check pump power supply

If the pump is not running → and wires
Info: If the filter change

parameter reaches the FC- → Adjust filter change
value for the second time, parameters
then the monitor stops

- 134 -
January 2003 Rev.
Error
LCD out of function

or dark
↓
Reasons What to do
Wrong contrast → Adjust contrast with pot on

board
LCD defect → change LCD
Connection cables from →

Replace display ribbon cable
the main board are broken

- 135 -
January 2003 Rev.
Error
air flow rate disturbance

or air flow is too low
↓
Reasons What to do
air flow parameters wrong → check air flow rate

parameters
no connection with plug (25) → put in the plug (pump

"pump 0 - 10 V" regulation input)
clean inside parts of pump

pump do not work proper → change carbon vanes
very high pollution or → clean air passage

blocking in the air passage

- 136 -
APPENDIX A
WARRANTY
Seller warrants that the Products will operate substantially in conformance with Seller's
published specifications, when subjected to normal, proper and intended usage by
properly trained personnel, for 13 months from date of shipment or 12 months from date
of installation, whichever is less (the "Warranty Period"). Seller agrees during the
Warranty Period, provided it is promptly notified in writing upon the discovery of any
defect and further provided that all costs of returning the defective Products to Seller are
pre-paid by Buyer, to repair or replace, at Seller's option, defective Products so as to
cause the same to operate in substantial conformance with said specifications.
Replacement parts may be new or refurbished, at the election of Seller. All replaced parts
shall become the property of Seller. Shipment to Buyer of repaired or replacement
Products shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 above. Lamps,
fuses, bulbs and other expendable items are expressly excluded from the warranty under
this Section 8. Seller's sole liability with respect to equipment, materials, parts or
software furnished to Seller by third party suppliers shall be limited to the assignment by
Seller to Buyer of any such third party supplier's warranty, to the extent the same is
assignable. In no event shall Seller have any obligation to make repairs, replacements or
corrections required, in whole or in part, as the result of (i) normal wear and tear, (ii)
accident, disaster or event of force majeure, (iii) misuse, fault or negligence of or by
Buyer, (iv) use of the Products in a manner for which they were not designed, (v) causes
external to the Products such as, but not limited to, power failure or electrical power
surges, (vi) improper storage of the Products or (vii) use of the Products in combination
with equipment or software not supplied by Seller. If Seller determines that Products for
which Buyer has requested warranty services are not covered by the warranty hereunder,
Buyer shall pay or reimburse Seller for all costs of investigating and responding to such
request at Seller's then prevailing time and materials rates. If Seller provides repair
services or replacement parts that are not covered by the warranty provided in this Section
8, Buyer shall pay Seller therefore at Seller's then prevailing time and materials rates.
ANY INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, SERVICE, RELOCATION OR
ALTERATION TO OR OF, OR OTHER TAMPERING WITH, THE PRODUCTS
PERFORMED BY ANY PERSON OR ENTITY OTHER THAN SELLER WITHOUT
SELLER'S PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL, OR ANY USE OF REPLACEMENT
PARTS NOT SUPPLIED BY SELLER, SHALL IMMEDIATELY VOID AND
CANCEL ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE AFFECTED PRODUCTS.
THE OBLIGATIONS CREATED BY THIS SECTION TO REPAIR OR REPLACE A

DEFECTIVE PRODUCT SHALL BE THE SOLE REMEDY OF BUYER IN THE
EVENT OF A DEFECTIVE PRODUCT. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN
THIS SECTION 8, SELLER DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, ORAL OR WRITTEN, WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS,
INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SELLER
DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE PRODUCTS ARE ERROR-FREE OR WILL
ACCOMPLISH ANY PARTICULAR RESULT.
A-1
APPENDIX C
NRC DIRECTORY
C-1
Directory of Agreement State
and Non-Agreement State
Directors and State Liaison
Officers
| Agreement State | Letter of Intent to Become an Agreement State Received From

Governor. |
Alabama
Agreement State Director Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer
Kirksey E. Whatley, Director Kirksey E. Whatley, Director
Office of Radiation Control Office of Radiation Control
Alabama Department of Public Alabama Department of Public
Health Health
201 Monroe Street, P.O. Box 201 Monroe Street, P.O. Box
303017-3017 303017-3017
Montgomery, AL 36130-3017 Montgomery, AL 36130-3017
PH (334)206-5391 FX (334)206- PH (334)206-5391 FX (334)206-
5387 5387
INET: kwhatley@adph.state.al.us INET: kwhatley@adph.state.al.us
Alaska
Clyde E. Pearce, Chief Douglas Dasher, Program Manager
Radiological Health Program Department of Environmental
Section of Laboratories Conversation
State of Alaska/DH&SS Northern Regional Office
4500 Boniface Parkway 610 University Avenue
Anchorage, AK 99507-1270 Fairbanks, Alaska 99799-3643
PH (907)334-2107 FX (907)334- PH (907)451-2172 FX (907)451-
2163 5146
INET: INET: doug_dasher@dec.state.ak.us
clyde_pearce@health.STATE.AK.US
Arizona
Aubrey V. Godwin, Director Aubrey V. Godwin, Director
Arizona Radiation Regulatory Arizona Radiation Regulatory
Agency Agency
4814 South 40th Street 4814 South 40th Street
Phoenix, AZ 85040 Phoenix, AZ 85040
PH (602)255-4845 ext. 222 FX PH (602)255-4845 ext. 222 FX
(602)437-0705 (602)437-0705
INET: agodwin@arra.state.az.us INET: agodwin@arra.state.az.us
Arkansas
Jared W. Thompson, Health Bernard Bevill,
Physicist Supervisor Division of Radiation Control &
Division of Radiation Control & Emergency Mgmt
Emergency Mgmt Department of Health
Radioactive Materials Program, 4815 West Markham, Mail Slot #30
Department of Health Little Rock, AR 72205-3867
4815 West Markham Street, Slot PH (501)661-2301 FX (501)661-
#30 2236
Little Rock, AR 72205-3867 INET:
PH (501)661-2173 FX (501)661- brbevill@healthyarkansas.com
2849
INET:
jwthompson@healthyarkansas.com
California
Edgar D. Bailey, CHP., Chief James D. Boyd, Commissioner
Radiologic Health Branch California Energy Commission
Division of Food, Drugs, and 1516 Ninth Street, MS-34
Radiation Safety Sacramento, California 95814
California Department of Health PH (916)654-3787 FX (916)653-
Services 1279)
15 Capitol INET: jboyd@energy.state.ca.us
P.O. Box 997414, MS 7610
Sacramento, CA 95899-7414
PH (916)440-7899 FX (916)440-
7900
INET: ebailey@dhs.ca.gov
Colorado
Agreement State Directors Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer
Steve Tarlton, Unit Leader Steve Tarlton, Unit Leader
Radiation Management Program, Radiation Management Program,
HMWMD-B2 HMWMD-B2
Hazardous Materials & Waste Hazardous Materials & Waste
Management Division Management Division
Department of Public Health & Department of Public Health &
Environment Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80246-1530 Denver, CO 80246-1530
PH (303)692-3428 FX (303)759- PH (303)692-3428 FX (303)759-
5355 5355
INET:steve.tarlton@state.co.us INET:steve.tarlton@state.co.us
Connecticut
Edward L. Wilds, Ph.D., Director Edward L. Wilds, Ph.D., Director
Division of Radiation Division of Radiation
Department of Environmental Department of Environmental
Protection Protection
79 Elm Street 79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106-5127 Hartford, CT 06106-5127
PH (860)424-3029 FX (860)424-4065 PH (860)424-3029 FX (860)424-
INET: 4065
edward.wilds@po.STATE.CT.US INET:
edward.wilds@po.STATE.CT.US
Delaware
Frieda Fisher-Tyler, Administrator Harry W. Otto, Ph.D., FAIC
Division of Water Resources
Office of Radiation Control Department of Natural Resources &
Division of Public Health Environmental Control
P.O. Box 1401, 89 Kings Highway
P.O. Box 637 Dover, Delaware 19903
Dover, DE 19903 #302/739-5726 (Fax: 302/739-7864)
INET: harry.otto@state.de.us
PH (302)744-4944 FX (302)739-
3839
INET: frieda.Fisher-
Tyler@state.de.us
District of Columbia
Harold Monroe, Bureau Chief
Department of Health
Environmental Health
Administration
Bureau of Food, Drug, and
Radiation Protection
51 N Street NE, Room 6025
Washington, DC 20002
PH:(202)535-2188 FX: (202)535-
1359
INET: hmonroe@dchealth.com
Florida
William A. Passetti, Chief William A. Passetti, Chief
Bureau of Radiation Control Bureau of Radiation Control
Florida Department of Health Florida Department of Health
4052 Bald Cypress Way, SE, Bin 4052 Bald Cypress Way, SE, Bin
C21 C21
Tallahassee, FL 32399-1741 Tallahassee, FL 32399-1741
PH (850)245-4266 FX (850)487- PH (850)245-4266 FX (850)487-
0435 0435
INET: bill_passetti@doh.state.fl.us INET: bill_passetti@doh.state.fl.us
Georgia
Cynthia Sanders, Acting Manager James Setser, Chief
Radioactive Materials Program Program Coordination Branch
Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division
4244 International Parkway, Suite Department of Natural Resources
114 205 Butler Street, Suite 1152 East
Atlanta, GA 30354 Tower
PH (404)362-2675 FX (404)362- Atlanta, Georgia 30334
2653 PH (404)656-4713 Fax: (404)651-
INET:csanders@dnr.state.ga.us 5778)
INET: jim_setser@dnr.state.ga.us
Hawaii
Russell S. Takata, Program Manager, Jerry Y. Haruno, Administrator
Noise, Radiation & IAQ Branch Environmental Health Services
Department of Health Division
591 Ala Moana Boulevard Department of Health
Honolulu, HI 96813-4921 591 Ala Moana Boulevard
PH (808)586-4700 FX (808)586-5838 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
INET: PH: (808)586-4576 FX (808)586-
rtakata@ehsdmail.health.state.hi.us 1522
INET:
jharuno@ehsdmail.health.state.hi.us
Idaho
Doug Walker, Senior Health Doug Walker, Senior Health
Physicist Physicist
INEEL Oversight and Radiation INEEL Oversight and Radiation
Control Program Control Program
900 N. Skyline, Suite C 900 N. Skyline, Suite C
Idaho Falls, ID 83402-1718 Idaho Falls, ID 83402-1718
PH (208)528-2617 FX (208)528-2605 PH (208)528-2617 FX (208)528-
INET: dwalker@deq.state.id.us 2605
INET: dwalker@deq.state.id.us
Illinois
Gary N. Wright, Director Gary N. Wright, Director
Division of Nuclear Safety Division of Nuclear Safety
Illinois Emergency Management Illinois Emergency Management
Agency Agency
1035 Outer Park Drive 1035 Outer Park Drive
Springfield, IL 62704 Springfield, IL 62704
PH (217)785-9868 FX (217)524- PH (217)785-9868 FX (217)524-
4724 4724
INET: wright@iema.state.il.us INET:wright@iema.state.il.us
Indiana
John H. Ruyack, Director Howard W. Cundiff, P.E., Director
Indoor & Radiologic Health Division Consumer Protection
State Department of Health Indiana State Department of Health
2 N. Meridian Street, 5F 2 North Meridian Street, 5D
Indianapolis, IN 46204-3003 Indianapolis, Indiana 46204
PH (317)233-7146 FX (317)233- PH (317)233-7182 FX (317)233-
7154 7334
INET: INET:
JRUYACK@ISDH.STATE.IN.US hcundiff@ISDH.STATE.IN.US
Iowa
Donald A. Flater, Chief Daniel K. McGhee
Bureau of Radiological Health Bureau of Radiological Health
Iowa Department of Public Health Iowa Department of Public Health
401 SW 7th Street, Suite D 401 SW 7th Street, Suite D
Des Moines, IA 50309 Des Moines, Iowa 50309
PH (515)281-3478 FX (515)725- PH (515)725-0305 FX (515)725-
0318 0318
INET: dflater@idph.state.ia.us INET: dmcghee@idph.state.ia.us
Kansas
Thomas A. Conley, RRPJ, CHP, Thomas A. Conley, RRPJ, CHP,
Section Chief Radiation and
Asbestos Control Section Chief Radiation and
Kansas Department of Health &
Asbestos Control
Environment
1000 SW Jackson, Suite 320 Kansas Department of Health &
Topeka, KS 66612-1366
Environment
PH (785)296-1565 FX (785)296-
0984 1000 SW Jackson, Suite 320
INET: tconley@kdhe.state.ks.us
Topeka, KS 66612-1366
PH (785)296-1565 FX (785)296-
0984
INET: tconley@kdhe.state.ks.us
Kentucky
Robert L. Johnson, Manager Robert L. Johnson, Manager
Radiation Health & Toxic Agents Radiation Health & Toxic Agents
Branch Branch
Cabinet for Health Services Cabinet for Health Services
275 East Main Street 275 East Main Street
Mail Stop HS 2E-D Mail Stop HS 2E-D
Frankfort, KY 40621-0001 Frankfort, KY 40621-0001
PH (502)564-7818 EXT 3697 FX PH (502)564-7818 EXT 3697 FX
(502)564-6533 (502)564-6533
INET: INET:
RobertL.johnson@mail.state.ky.us RobertL.johnson@mail.state.ky.us
Louisiana
Michael E. Henry, Senior Michael E. Henry, Senior
Environmental Scientist, Permit Environmental Scientist, Permit Div
Div Office of Environmental Services
Office of Environmental Services P.O. Box 4313
P.O. Box 4313 Baton Rouge, LA 70821-4313
Baton Rouge, LA 70821-4313 PH (225)219-3005 FX (225)219-
PH (225)219-3005 FX (225)219- 3156
3156 INET: michael.henry@la.gov
INET: michael.henry@la.gov
Maine
Jay Hyland, Program Manager W. Clough Toppan, P.E. Director
Division of Health Engineering
Radiation Control Program Department of Human Services
Division of Health Engineering 10 State House Station
Augusta, Maine 04333
11 State House Station PH (207)287-5686 FX (207)287-
Augusta, ME 04333 3165
INET: clough.toppan@Maine.gov
PH (207)287-5677 FX (207)287-
3059
INET: jay.hyland@Maine.gov
Maryland
Roland G. Fletcher Thomas Snyder, Director
Environmental Program Manager Air and Radiation Management
III Administration
Radiological Health Program Maryland Department of the
Air and Radiation Management Environment
Administration 1800 Washington Blvd
Maryland Department of the Suite 705
Environment Baltimore, MD 21230-1720
1800 Washington Blvd PH (410)537-3255 FX (410)537-
Suite 750 3391
Baltimore, MD 21230-1724 INET: tsnyder@mde.state.md.us
PH (410)537-3300 FX (410)537-
3198
INET: rfletcher@mde.state.md.us
Massachusetts
Robert Walker, Director Stephen McGrail, Director
Massachusetts Emergency
Radiation Control Program Management Agency
90 Washington Street
Department of Public Health 400 Worcester Road
Dorchester, MA 02121 P.O. Box 1496
90 Washington Street Framingham, Massachusetts 01701
Dorchester, MA 02121 PH (508)820-2010 FX (508)820-
2030
PH (617)427-2944 INET: steve.mcgrail@state.ma.us
FX (617)427-2925 Phone: 617-427-2944
INET: Bob.walker@state.ma.us Fax: 617-427-2925
Michigan
Liane Shekter Smith , Chief Liane Shekter Smith , Chief
Hazardous Waste and Radiological Hazardous Waste and Radiological
Protection Section Protection Section
Waste and Hazardous Materials Waste and Hazardous Materials
Division Division
Michigan Department of Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality Environmental Quality
525 West Allegan Street 525 West Allegan Street
PO Box 30241 PO Box 30241
Lansing, MI 48909-7741 Lansing, MI 48909-7741
PH (517)373-0530 FX (517)373-4797 PH (517)373-0530 FX (517)373-
INET: shekterl@michigan.gov 4797
INET: shekterl@michigan.gov
Minnesota
Linda Bruemmer, Manager Dianne Mandernach, Commissioner
Section of Asbestos, Indoor Air, Minnesota Department of Health
Lead and Radiation 85 E. 7th Place, Suite 400
Division of Environmental Health Post Office Box 64882
Department of Health St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0882
121 E. Seventh Place, Suite 220 PH (651)215-5813 FX (651)215-
P.O. Box 64975 5801
St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 INET:
PH (651)215-0945 FX (651)215- dianne.mandernach@state.mn.us
0975
INET:
linda.bruemmer@health.state.mn.us
Mississippi
Robert W. Goff, Director Robert W. Goff, Director
Division of Radiological Health Division of Radiological Health
State Department of Health State Department of Health
3150 Lawson Street, P.O. Box 1700 3150 Lawson Street, P.O. Box 1700
Jackson, MS 39215-1700 Jackson, MS 39215-1700
PH (601)987-6893 FX (601)987- PH (601)987-6893 FX (601)987-
6887 6887
INET: rgoff@msdh.state.ms.us INET: rgoff@msdh.state.ms.us
Missouri
Keith Henke, Planner Ronald A. Kucera
Department of Health amd Senior Deputy Director for Policy
Services Department of Natural Resources
Section for Environmental Public 205 Jefferson Street
Health P.O. Box 176
930 Wildwood Drive, P.O. Box 570 Jefferson City, Missouri 65102
Jefferson City, MO 65102-0570 PH (573)751-3195 FX (573)751-
PH (573)751-6112 FX (573)526- 7627
6946 INET:
INET: henkek@dhss.state.MO.US nrkucer@MAIL.dnr.state.MO.US
Montana
Juan Stevens, Coordinator James Greene, Administrator
Radiological Health Program Montana Disaster & Emergency
Department of Public Health & Services Division
Human Services 1900 Williams Street
Licensure Bureau P. O. Box 4789
2401 Colonial Drive Helena, MT 59604-4789
P.O. Box 202953 PH (406) 841-3953
Helena, MT 59620-2953 INET: jigreene@state.mt.us
PH (406)444-1510 FX (406)444-3456
INET:justevens@state.mt.us
Nebraska
Julia A. Schmitt, Program Manager Robert E. Leopold, Director
X-Ray/Radioactive Public Health Assurance Division
Materials/Emergency Response Department of Regulation &
Regulation and Licensure Licensure
Nebraska Health and Human Nebraska Health & Human Services
Services System Systems
301 Centennial Mall South, P.O. 301 Centennial Mall South
Box 95007 P.O. Box 95007
Lincoln, NE 68509-5007 Lincoln, NE 68509-5007
PH (402) 471-0528 FX (402) 471- PH (402)471-3979 FX (402)471-
0169 0169
E-mail: INET: bob.leopold@hhss.state.ne.us
julia.schmitt@hhss.state.ne.us
Nevada
Stanley R. Marshall, Supervisor Robert R. Loux, Executive Director
Radiological Health Section Agency for Nuclear Projects
Bureau of Health Protection 1761 E. College Parkway, Suite 118
Services Carson City, Nevada 89706
Nevada State Health Division PH (775)687-3744 FX (775) 687-
1179 Fairview Drive, Suite 102 5277
Carson City, NV 89701-5405 INET: bloux@govmail.state.nv.us
PH (775)687-5394 ext. 276, FX
(775)687-5751
INET: smarshall@nvhd.state.nv.us
New Hampshire
Dennis O'Dowd, Supervisor Bruce Cheney, Director
Radioactive Material Section NH Department of Safety
Bureau of Radiological Health Division of Fire Safety &
Department of Health and Human Emergency Management
Services Bureau of Emergency Management
Health and Welfare Building 10 Hazen Drive
6 Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03305
Concord, NH 03301-6527 PH (603)271-2231 FX (603)225-
PH (603)271-4585 FX (603)225- 7341
2325 INET: bcheney@nh911.state.nh.us
INET: dodowd@dhhs.state.nh.us
New Jersey
Agreement State Director Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officers
Jill Lipoti, Ph.D., Assistant Director Bradley M. Campbell, Acting
Radiation Protection Programs Commissioner
Division of Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental
Health & Analytical Programs Protection
Department of Environmental CN-402
Protection, P.O. Box 415 Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0402
Trenton, NJ 08625-0415 PH (609)292-2885
PH (609)984-5636 FX (609)633- INET:
2210 bcampbel@DEP.STATE.NJ.US
INET:
jill.lipoti@DEP.STATE.NJ.US
Deputy SLO: Jill Lipoti, Ph.D.,
Assistant Director
Radiation Protection Programs
Division of Environmental Safety,
Health & Analytical Programs
Department of Environmental
Protection
P.O. Box 415
Trenton, NJ 08625-0415
PH (609)984-5636 FX (609)633-
2210
INET:
jill.lipoti@DEP.STATE.NJ.US
New Mexico
William Floyd, Program Manager Derrith Watchman-Moore
Radiation Protection Program Deputy Secretary
Field Operations Division New Mexico Environment
Environment Department Department
1190 St. Francis Drive, Rm S2100 1190 St. Francis Drive
P.O. Box 26110 P.O. Box 26110
Santa Fe, NM 87502-0110 Santa Fe, NM 87501
PH (505)476-3236 FX (505)476- PH (505)827-2855 FX (505)827-
3232 2836
INET: INET:
William_floyd@nmenv.state.nm.us derrith_wmoore@nmenv.state.nm.us
New York
Clayton Bradt, CHP, Principal Peter Smith, Acting President
Radiophysicist New York State Energy Research &
Radiological Health Unit Development Authority
Division of Safety and Health 17 Columbia Circle
New York State Dept. of Labor Albany, NY 12203-6399
NYS Office Campus, PH (518)862-1090 ext. 3365, FX
Building 12, Room 169 (518)862-1091
Albany, NY 12240 INET: prs@nyserda.org
PH (518)457-1202 FX (518)485-
7406 John P. Spath, SLO Designee
INET: usccjb@labor.state.ny.us Program Manager
Radioactive Waste Policy and
Nuclear Coordination
John P. Spath, Program
New York State Energy Research &
Manager Development Authority
17 Columbia Circle
Radioactive Waste Policy and Albany, NY 12203-6399
Nuclear Coordination PH (518)862-1090 ext.3302 FX
(518)862-1091
New York State Energy INET: jps@nyserda.org
Research & Development
Authority
17 Columbia Circle
Albany, NY 12203-6399
PH (518)862-1090 ext.3302 FX
(518)862-1091
INET: jps@nyserda.org
Barbara A. Youngberg, Chief

Radiation Section
Division of Hazardous Waste
and Radiation Management
New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation
625 Broadway, 8th Floor
Albany, NY 12233-7255
PH (518)402-8579 FX (518)402-
8646
INET:
bayoungb@gw.dec.state.ny.us
Adela Salame-Alfie, Director

Bureau of Environmental
Radiation Protection
New York State Department of
Health
547 River Street
Troy, NY 12180-2216
PH (518)402-7550 FX (518)402-
7554
INET: asa01@health.state.ny.us
Gene Miskin, Director

Bureau of Radiological Health
New York City Department of
Health
Two Lafayette Street, 11th
Floor
New York, NY 10007
PH (212)676-1556 FX (212)676-
1548
INET: gmiskin@health.nyc.gov
North Carolina
Beverly O. Hall, Chief Beverly O. Hall, Chief
Division of Radiation Protection Radioactive Materials Section
Department of Environment & Division of Radiation Protection
Natural Resources Department of Environment &
3825 Barrett Drive Natural Resources
Raleigh, NC 27609-7221 3825 Barrett Drive
PH (919)571-4141 ext. 201 FX Raleigh, NC 27609-7221
(919)571-4148 PH (919)571-4141 FX (919)571-
INET: beverly.hall@ncmail.net 4148
INET: beverly.hall@ncmail.net
North Dakota
Terry L. O'Clair, Director Terry L. O'Clair, Director
Division of Air Quality Division of Air Quality
North Dakota Department of North Dakota Department of Health
Health 1200 Missouri Avenue
1200 Missouri Avenue, Rm 304 P.O. Box 5520
P.O. Box 5520 Bismarck, ND 58506-5520
Bismarck, ND 58506-5520 PH (701)328-5188 FX (701)328-
PH (701)328-5188 FX (701)328- 5200
5200 INET: toclair@state.nd.us
INET: toclair@state.nd.us
Ohio
Robert Owen, Chief Carol O'Claire, Supervisor
Bureau of Radiation Protection Radiological Branch
Ohio Department of Health Ohio Emergency Management
P.O. Box 118 Agency
Columbus, OH 43266-0118 2855 West Dublin-Granville Road
PH (614)644-7860 FX (614)466- Columbus, Ohio 43235-2206
0381 PH (614)799-3915 FX (614)889-
INET: rowen@gw.odh.state.oh.us 7183
INET: coclaire@dps.state.oh.us
Oklahoma
Mike Broderick, Environmental Mike Broderick, Environmental
Program Administrator Program Administrator
Radiation Management Section Radiation Management Section
Oklahoma Department of Oklahoma Department of
Environmental Quality Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 1677 P.O. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677 Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
PH (405)702-5155 FX (405)702- PH (405)702-5155 FX (405)702-
5101 5101
INET: INET:
mike.broderick@deq.state.ok.us mike.broderick@deq.state.ok.us
Oregon
Terry D. Lindsey, Program Director David Stewart-Smith, Administrator
Radiation Protection Services Energy Resources Division
Oregon Health Services Oregon Office of Energy
Department of Human Services 625 Marion Street, NE, Suite 1
800 NE Oregon Street, Suite 260 Salem, Oregon 97301-3742
Portland, OR 97232-2162 PH (503)378-6469 FX (503)373-
PH (503)731-4014 ext. 660 FX 7806
(503)731-4081 INET: david.stewart-
INET: terry.d.lindsey@state.or.us smith@state.or.us
Pennsylvania
David Allard, CHP, Director David Allard, CHP, Director
Bureau of Radiation Protection Bureau of Radiation Protection
Protection Protection
P.O. Box 8469 P.O. Box 8469
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8469 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8469
PH (717)787-2480 FX (717)783- PH (717)787-2480 FX (717)783-
8965 8965
INET: dallard@state.pa.us INET: dallard@state.pa.us
Puerto Rico
Mayra Toro, M.S., Director Esteban Mujica, President
Radiological Health Division Puerto Rico Environmental Quality
Department of Health Board
P.O. Box 70184 P.O. Box 11488
San Juan, PR 00936-8184 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00910
PH (787)274-7815 FX (787)274- PH (787)767-8056 FX (787)754-
6829 8294
INET: mtoro@salud.gov.pr INET:
estebanmujica@jca.gobierno.pr
Rhode Island
Marie Stoeckel, Chief Peter Todd
Division of Occupational & Rhode Island Emergency
Radiological Health Management Agency
Department of Health 645 New London Avenue
3 Capitol Hill, Room 206 Cranston, RI 02920
Providence, RI 02908-5097 PH (401)946-9996 FX (401)944-
PH (401)222-7755 FX (401)222- 1891
2456 INET: ptodd@doa.state.ri.US
INET: maries@doh.state.ri.US
South Carolina
T. Pearce O'Kelly, Chief Henry Porter, Assistant Director
Division of Waste Management
Bureau of Radiological Health Bureau of Land and Waste
Department of Health & Management
Department of Health &
Environmental Control Environmental Control
2600 Bull Street 2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Columbia, SC 29201 PH (803)896-4245 FX (803)896-
PH (803)545-4403 FX (803)545- 4242
INET: porterhj@dhec.sc.gov
4412
INET: okelletp@dhec.sc.gov
Henry Porter, Assistant Director

Division of Waste Management
Bureau of Land and Waste
Management
Department of Health &
Environmental Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
PH (803)896-4245 FX (803)896-
4242
INET: porterhj@dhec.sc.gov
South Dakota
Robert Stahl, Medical Facilities Bob McDonald, Environmental
Engineer Supervisor Project Scientist
Office of Health Care Facilities Department of Environment and
Licensure & Certification Natural Resources
Systems Development and Ground Water Quality Program
Regulations 523 East Capital Avenue
615 East 4th Street Pierre, SD 57501
Pierre, SD 57501-1700 PH (605)773-3296 FX (605)773-
PH (605)773-3356 FX (605)773- 4068
6667 INET bobm@denr.STATE.SD.US
INET bob.stahl@state.sd.us
Tennessee
L. Edward Nanney, Director L. Edward Nanney, Director
Division of Radiological Health Division of Radiological Health
Tennessee Department of Tennessee Department of
Environment and Conservation Environment and Conservation
L&C Annex, Third Floor L&C Annex, Third Floor
401 Church Street 401 Church Street
Nashville, TN 37243-1532 Nashville, TN 37243-1532
PH (615)532-0364 FX (615)532- PH (615)532-0360 FX (615)532-
7938 7938
INET: eddie.nanney@state.TN.US INET: eddie.nanney@state.TN.US
Texas
Richard A. Ratliff, P.E., L.M.P. Roger Mulder
Chief State Energy Conservation Office
Bureau of Radiation Control Comptroller of Public Accounts
Texas Department of Health P.O. Box 13528
1100 West 49th Street Austin, Texas 78711-3528
Austin, TX 78756-3189 PH (512)463-1866 FX (512)463-
PH (512)834-6679 FX (512)834- 6178
6708 INET: roger.mulder@cpa.state.tx.us
INET:
richard.ratliff@tdh.state.tx.us
Susan M. Jablonski
Technical Advisor
Office of Permitting,
Remediation & Registration
Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 13087, MC 122
Austin, TX 78711-3087
PH (512)239-6731 FX (512)239-
6362
INET: sjablons@tceq.state.tx.us
Utah
Dane Finerfrock, Director Dane Finerfrock, Director
Division of Radiation Control Division of Radiation Control
Quality Quality
168 North 1950 West 168 North 1950 West
P.O. Box 144850 P.O. Box 144850
Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4850 Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4850
PH (801)536-4250 FX (801)533- PH (801)536-4250 FX (801)533-
4097 4097
INET: dfinerfrock@utah.gov INET: dfinerfrock@utah.gov
Virginia
Leslie P. Foldesi, CHP, Director Arthur S. Warren, Chief
Bureau of Radiological Health Radiological Planning
Division of Health Hazards Control Virginia Department of Emergency
Department of Health Services
Main Street Station 10501 Trade Court
1500 East Main, Room 240 Richmond, VA 23236-3713
Richmond, VA 23219 PH (804)897-6500 ext 6587 FX
PH (804)786-5932 FX (804)786- (804)897-6526
6979 INET:
INET: awarren.des@STATE.VA.US
LFOLDESI@VDH.STATE.VA.US
Vermont
Carla A. White David O'Brien, Acting
Radiological Health Specialist Commissioner of Public Service
Department of Health 112 State Street
108 Cherry Street Montpelier, VT 05620-2601
P.O. Box 70 PH (802)828-2321 FX (802)828-
Burlington, VT 05402 2342
PH (802)865-7743 FX (802)865- INET:
7745 david.obrien@STATE.VT.US
INET: cwhite@vdh.state.vt.us
Washington
Gary L. Robertson , Director Bob Nichols
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2255 0411
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West Virginia
Dan Hill, Chief Dan Hill, Chief
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Wisconsin
Paul Schmidt, Chief Edward J. Gleason, Administrator
Radiation Protection Section Division of Emergency Management
Division of Public Health 2400 Wright Street
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Services Madison, WI 53707-7865
P.O. Box 2659 PH (608)242-3232 FX (608)242-
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Quality Quality
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Cheyenne, WY 82002 Cheyenne, WY 82002
PH (307)777-7753 FX (307)777-5402 PH (307)777-7753 FX (307)777-
INET: dfinle@state.wy.us 5402
INET: dfinle@state.wy.us
(Last major update: 26Mar03)
Conference of Radiation Control Program Director, Inc.

Ronald G Fraass, Executive Director
Conf. of Radiation Control Program Director, Inc.
205 Capital Avenue
Frankfort, KY 40601
PH (502)227-4543 (ext 2222), FX (502)227-7862
INET: rfraass@crcpd.org
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Manual Fh62c14 Beta Eqpm-1102-150 (En)

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Manual Fh62c14 Beta Eqpm-1102-150 (En)

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SERIES FH62C14

CONTINUOUS AMBIENT PARTICULATE MONITOR

USEPA Automated Equivalent PM10 Method: EQPM-1102-150

THERMO ELECTRON CORPORATION

(866) 282-0430 Toll Free

Pursuant to the requirements of a specific license granted to Thermo Electron

1.2 Major Applications 10

1.3 Key Features: 10

1.4 Design of the C14 BETA 11

1.6 USEPA Automated Equivalent PM10 Method: EQPM-1102-150 16

1.7 Additional Configurations 17

2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION AND STARTUP 18

2.2 Connections and Startup 18

2.3 Loading the Filter Tape 21

3.1 Principle of Measurement 22

3.2 Calculation of Particulate Mass on Filter Tape 24

3.3 Detection Limit of Particulate Mass 26

3.4 Calculation of the Concentration 26

A Thermo Electron business Thermo Environmental Instruments Division

3.5 Calculation of Concentration Averages 32

3.6 Selectable Threshold Values 33

3.7 Measurement Control 33

3.8 Air Flow Rate Control 35

3.9 Data Output and Communication Channels 38

3.10 Regulated Sample Tube Heating 42

3.11 Internal Memory Storage 44

3.12 Power Failure 46

4 C14 BETA MENU OPERATION 47

4.1 Use of the keypad 49

4.2 Keypad Enabled Interface 49

A Thermo Electron business Thermo Environmental Instruments Division

4.2.4.2 Air Flow Rate Calibration 67

4.3 Standard Parameter List 74

5.1 Preventative Maintenance 77

5.2 Safety Precautions 77

5.3 Replacement of the Filter Tape 78

5.4 Carbon Pump Vane Replacement 78

5.5 PM-2.5 IMPACTOR CLEANING AND INSPECTION 80

5.6 PM-10 SAMPLER INLET HEAD 82

5.7 SOFTWARE UPDATES 83

5.8 Removal of the C14 Source 86

5.9 Removal of the Measuring Head 87

5.10 Measuring Head Maintenance 88

5.11 Calibration of the C14 BETA 89

6.1 Remote control via serial interface 91

A Thermo Electron business Thermo Environmental Instruments Division

6.2 Data Protocol with Network Connection 93

6.3 Remote Control of C14 BETA 94

7 DEVICE STATUS INFORMATION 100

7.1 Structure of the Status Concepts 100

7.2 Output of Status Reports 107

7.3 Print Formats 110

8 TECHNICAL DATA 116

8.1 Specification of Technical Data 116

8.2 Dimensions and Weight 118

8.3 Power Supply 118

A Thermo Electron business Thermo Environmental Instruments Division

8.4 Particulate Collection Device 118

8.5 Source 119

8.6 Detector 119

8.7 Operating Data 119

8.8 Connection Sockets 122

9 SPARE PARTS 125