Minimizing Penalty in Industrial Power

Consumption by Engaging APFC Unit

Group Members
Wajahat Shah (7072)
Hafiz Mudassir Ali Shah (7183)
Muhammad Sohail (7220)
Muhammad Yasir (7225)
Supervised By: Engr. Muhammad Jehangir Khan

City University of Science & Information Technology,

Peshawar KPK Pakistan

1
Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 3
3. Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 3
4. Block diagram.................................................................................................................................. 4
5. Work plane ...................................................................................................................................... 4
6. Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 4
7. References ...................................................................................................................................... 5

2
 1. Introduction
The low power factor leads to the increase in the load current, increase in power loss, and
decrease in efficiency of the overall system. In previous various method use for power factor
correction in all this method, the switching of the capacitor is manual. In this paper we are
using a method of the reactive power compensation by capacitor switching with automatic
control using AVR microcontroller [1].

Fig 1: Power Triangle

The power factor is the ratio of the active power to the apparent power. The active power is
the real power delivered to the loads such as motors, lamps etc. The reactive power is used
just for the purpose of producing magnetic field for the flow of active power. The apparent
power is the combination of the active and reactive power. The load current of any motor
consist of the resistive component and inductive component. The inductive component
consists of leakage current and magnetizing current. The leakage current is totally dependent
on the load current but the magnetizing component is nearby 20 to 60% of the full load
current. The capacitors are employed to reduce inductive reactance in the induction motor
thereby reducing losses in the supply [1].

2. Problem Statement
Minimizing penalty in industrial power consumption by engaging Automatic Power Factor
Correction unit. inductive loads decrease the power factor. Machines draw magnetizing
current to produce the magnetic field and hence work at low power factor. For Induction
motors, the pf is usually extremely low (0.2 - 0.3) at light loading conditions and it is 0.8 to
0.9 at full load. The current drawn by inductive loads is lagging and results in low pother
inductive machines such as transformers, generators etc work at low pf too.

3. Objectives
The main objectives of the projects are:

 To improves the power factor in industrial loads.

 To minimizing penalty in industrial power consumptions.
 Reduction of electricity bills.

3
 4. Block diagram

Fig 2: APFC Unit

5. Work plane
Work schedule Sep-Oct Oct-Nov Nov-Dec Dec-Jan Jan-Feb Feb-Mar
Literature Survey
Data Collection
Hardware
Implementation
Results
Their

6. Literature Review
The main purpose of automatic power factor compensation is to help correcting the excess
reactive power generates by inductive loads in the industry. With an efficient use of this
device, the industry can improves efficiency of the system by reducing losses and reduced
apparent power demand charges. Thus, eliminates low power factor penalties levied by TNB.
The aim power factor proposed is 0.90 which is convincing as it gives the power factor
compensation system a sufficient control capability. According to European Community,
94% of reactive power demand comes from sectors of industry and services and when they
maintained their power factor to 0.95.That is 15% drops and leads to reduction in network

4
losses and reduces the loads on the network. The non-sinusoidal nature of the input current
drawn by the rectifier’s increases reactive power, input current harmonics and input voltage
distortion. This can be overcome by using number of passive and active current wave shaping
techniques suggested in the literature. But the passive power factor correction techniques
have the disadvantages like large size of reactive elements, power factor improvement for a
narrow operating region, large output dc voltage ripple [1]. [2] Active current wave shaping
techniques overcome these disadvantages and significantly improve the performance of
rectifiers. Hysteresis current control is a simple active current wave shaping technique that
gives close to unity power factor operation while delivering near sinusoidal currents. But
when applied for three-phase rectifier requires three such identical stages of single-phase
rectifiers [2]. Three-phase diode rectifiers using discontinuous conduction of rectifier input
current with a single boost switch gives close to unity power factor at constant turn on time
and frequency of the boost switch [2]

1. References
Chaudhary Deepak SGurjar Dharmesh S, Misra Sameer K, Nishad Rakesh S, Jigar A. .
(2018). Minimizing Penalty in Industries by Engaging Automatic Power Factor
Correction Unit. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering
and Technology, 07(2018), 08.

Nidhi A. Ganatra1 Swati C. Chotaliya2 Prof Vishal N. Jogidas. (2017). “Minimizing Penalty
in Industrial Power Consumption By Engaging APFC Unit". International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 04(03 | Mar -2017), 04.

Pranjali Sonje, Pursuing MTech, Bharati Vidyapeeth. ( October 2013 ). Power Factor
Correction Using PIC Microcontroller . International Journal of Engineering and
Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 4, 12.

Ashwini Kokate, Pradip Tangale, Priya Padole, Sagar Chaudhari . (2018 ). MINIMIZING
PENALTY IN INDUSTRIAL POWER FACTOR CORRECTION BY ENGAGING
APFC UNIT . International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering
Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018) , 6.