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FEB 423
2/11/2012
ASSIGMENT 1
QUESTION ONE
i) Define heat transfer giving the three modes and the laws that govern each mode.
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion,
and exchange of thermal energy and heat between physical systems
• Conduction; heat transfer in a substance due to random motion of its constituent atoms,
molecules and/or electrons. Governed by Fourier’s law.
• Convection; heat transfer due to combined influence of bulk and random motion for fluid
flow over a surface. Governed by Newton’s law of cooling.
• Radiation; process in which energetic particles or energetic waves travel through vacuum, or
through matter-containing media that are not required for their propagation. Governed by the
inverse-square law.
ii) State the equation(s) that describe each mode and explain the terms used.
Conduction
where:
qn = heat flux W/m2, k=thermal conductivity W/m.K, δT= temperature gradient K/m
Convection
where:
h= convection heat transfer coefficient
Radiation:
E=ϵ Eb = ϵδT4s where E=Emissive power (W/m2), ϵ = surface emissivity (0<ϵ <1), Eb=Emissive power
of a black body (perfect emitter), δ= Steffan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 x 10^-8 W/m2.K^4)
QUESTION THREE
The hot combustion gases of a furnace are separated from the ambient air and its surroundings,
which are at 25°C, by a brick wall 0.15 m thick. The brick has a thermal conductivity of 1.2 W/m • K
and a surface emissivity of 0.8. Under steady-state conditions an outer surface temperature of 100°C
is measured. Free convection heat transfer in the air adjoining this surface is characterized by a
convection coefficient of h = 20 W/m2 • K. What is the brick inner surface temperature?
Assumption
T2 = 100C
T1
qrad
qconv
K=1.2 W/mK qcond
T = 25C
0.15 m
h = 20W/m2K
Tsur = 25C
Ein - Eout = 0
qcond – qconv – qrad = 0
(T1 T2 )
K h (Ts-T) - (Ts4 – Tsur4) = 0
L
(T1 100)
1. 2 20 (100 25) – 0.8 5.6710-8 [(373)4 – (2984)] = 0
0.15