LECTURE 15: Wood Frame & Light Construction

1 Lightest form of framing, in which the studding and corner posts Balloon frame
are set up in continuous lengths from first floor line or sill to roof
plate
2 Framed into every corner posts at the second story level joists as Girts
well as to brace the whole frame
3 System of framing the wood construction several stories high, in Platform frame
which the studs are only one story high
4 Type of joint used in very hasty construction for temporary Plain Joint
framing and is made by lapping one piece over the other and
nailing them together
5 Type of joint made by placing full thickness of wood directly Butt or square joint
against the second piece
6 Type of joint made when the two pieces do not meet at right Oblique joint
angles
7 Type of joint by which the ends of two pieces of timber are united Scarf Joint
to form a continuous piece
8 Type of joint used for building wooden framework where great Mortise and tenon joint
strength and rigidity are important. Made by cutting a hole in one
piece and a tounge in the second piece.
9 Type of joint made by cutting half the thickness of the wood from Halved joint
each piece at the ends to be joined so as to bring the sides flush
10 Type of joint made by cutting a shoulder or edge from one piece Rabbet joint
to receive the other piece
11 Type of joint made by making a groove in one piece at right angle Dado Joint
to the grain of the other board
12 Type of joint between two pieces which come together at a corner Miter Joint
13 Type of joint commonly used for cabinet and furniture work, Dovetail Joint
made by cutting a pin in the shape of a dovetail in one piece to fit
the groove similarly shaped in the other
14 Type of joint used when fitting one piece of moulding at right Coped Joint
angle to the second piece
15 Consist of modular building blocks bonded together with mortar Masonry walls
to form walls
16 Is a plastic mixture of cement or lime, with sand and water, used Mortar
as a bonding agent in masonry construction
17 Type of mortar made by mixing Portland cement, sand, and water Cement mortar
18 Type of mortar made by mixing lime, sand, and water (slow rate Lime mortar
of hardening and low compressive strength)
19 Type of cement mortar to which lime is added to increase its Cement lime mortar
plasticity and water retentivity
20 Type of mortar which is a propriety mix of other ingredients, as Masonry cement
hydrated lime, plasticizers, air-entraining agents, and gypsum
21 Is a hollow or solid concrete masonry unit consisting of Portland Concrete or cement block
cement and suitable aggregates combined with water
22 A masonry laid horizontally with its length in the direction of the Stretcher
face of the wall
23 A strip of reinforced concrete wider than the wall which Wall or strip footing
distributes the load to the soil
24 A steel reinforcing bar, for use in reinforced concrete, with the Hooked bar
end bent into a hook to provide anchorage
25 Located at the intersection of CHB walls and at regular intervals Stiffener Column
(of about 3 m) for a long partition wall (Horizontal – Bond Beam)
26 Horizontal structural member over openings Lintel beam
27 Type of expansion joint to accommodate movement in plane of Isolation Joints
concrete slab on grade and adjoining columns and walls
28 To provide a place for construction to stop and then continue at Construction joint
later time
29 Create lines of weakness so that the cracking that may result from Control Joints
tensile stresses occur in predetermined lines
30 Part of foundation system which supports the exterior wall of the Grade beam
superstructure (Without basement)
31 Load capacity of post Slenderness Ratio
32 A large or principal beam or steel, reinforced concrete, or timber Girder
33 A brace, or system of braces, placed between joists to stiffen and Bridging
help distribute the load
34 A large joist that carries much of the floor load Principal Joist
35 A floor supported by common joists, without girders Bridging Floor
36 A horizontal timber, at the bottom of the frame of a wood Sill
structure, which rests on the foundation
37 An upright post or support Stud
38 Top plate of a partition on which the joist rests Partition cap, head, plate
39 A horizontal timber which serves as a base for the studs in a stud Soleplate
partition
40 A structural element that is shorter than usual, as a stud above a Cripple
door opening or below a window sill
41 A wood siding commonly used as an exterior covering on a Clapboard, bevel siding, lap siding
building of frame construction; applied horizontally and
overlapped, with the grain running lengthwise
42 A bevel siding rabbeted along the lower edge to receive the upper Dolly varden siding
edge of the board below it
43 Wood sheathing whose edges are rabbeted to make an Shiplap siding
overlapping joint
44 An exterior wall cladding of wooden boards which are tongue and Rustic siding, drop siding, novelty
grooved or rabbeted and overlapped so that the lower edge of siding
each board interlocks with a groove
45 Boards that interlap or interlock and have flush, v-sgroove, or Matched boards
beaded joints
46
 LECTURE 16: Heavy Reinforced Concrete, Pre Stressed Concrete
& Steel Construction
1 Transfers the lateral loads on the superstructure to the ground Foundation system
2 A type of foundation employed when stable soil of adequate Shallow or spread foundation
bearing capacity occurs relatively near the ground surface
3 Are spread footings supporting free-standing columns and piers Individual or isolated footings
4 Are continuous spread footings of foundation walls Strip Footing
5 Are strip footings that change levels to accommodate a sloping Stepped Footing
grade and maintain required depth at all points around a building
6 Supporting two or more columns. Used where it is not possible to Combined Footing
center the footing beneath its supported column as in the case of
columns located near the property line.
7 The footing of the exterior and interior column are connected by a Cantilever Footing
tie-beam or strap which is so extended to support the exterior
column.
8 Supporting a line of columns Continuous Footing
9 Used on soil of low bearing power where there is tendency Mat or Raft Foundation
towards unequal settlement sue to unequal loading of soil
10 Used to give the required moment of resistance with a minimum Steel Grillage Foundation
depth when it is desired to avoid the deep excavation required for
concrete and masonry footings, and when load has to be
distributed over a wide area of support.
11 Employed when the soil underlying ta shallow foundation is Deep Foundation
unstable or of inadequate soil bearing capacity.
12 A foundation system of end bearing or friction piles, pile caps, and Pile Foundation
tie beams for transferring building loads down to a suitable
bearing stratum.
13 Depend principally on the bearing resistance of soil or rock End bearing pile
beneath their feet for support.
14 Depend principally on the frictional resistance of a surrounding Friction pile
earth mass for support.
15 When it is required to build upon a compressible soil saturated Wood pile foundation
with water and of considerable length
16 Generally used where wooden piles would be subjected to decay Concrete pile
or deterioration
17 Usually moulded in a yard or at the site allowed to cure for 4 Pre-cast piles
weeks before using
18 Constructed in the ground in the position they occupy and are Cast-in-place piles
often reinforced
19 Concrete filled steel pipes made to bear on rock or hard pan Steel pipe piles
20 Cast-in-place, plain, or reinforced concrete piers formed by boring Caisson
large auger or excavating by hand a shaft in the earth to a suitable
bearing stratum and filling the shaft with concrete (Has a steel H
section)
21 Provide support for the superstructure above and enclose a Foundation wall
basement wall or crawl space partly or wholly below grade
22 Type of column which occur when the unsupported height is not Short column
greater than ten times the shortest lateral dimension of the cross
section
23 Type of column which occur when the unsupported height is more Long column
than ten times the shortest lateral dimension of the cross section
24 Columns with longitudinal bars and lateral ties (At least 4 bars, Tied Column
minimum #5)
25 Lateral ties should be at least _______ diameter and shall be 3/8” or 10 mm
spaced not over 16 bar diameters
26 Thickness of concrete covering for reinforced tied columns 1 ½” or 38 mm
27 Columns with longitudinal bars and closely spaced continuous Spiral Column
spiral hooping (At least 6 bars, minimum #5)
28 Structural steel columns embedded into the concrete core of a Composite Column
spiral column
29 Structural steel is encased in concrete of at least 7 cm thk, Combined Column
reinforced with wire mesh surrounding the column at a distance
of 3 cm inside the outer face of the concrete cover
30 Fabricated steel pipes provided with flat steel plates which holds a Lally Column
girder or girt, and is filled with grout or concrete to prevent
corrosion
31 Short bars used to transfer the stress at the bottom of the Dowel bars
columns to the footings (At least one for every column bar)
32 (31 answer) Shall extend into the column and into pedestal or 50 dia & 40 dia
footing not less than ___ diameter for plain bars or ___ diameter
for deformed bars
33 Most economical column spacing distance 20 ft
34 Solid slab supported by two parallel beams, the beams framing One way Slab or Beam-and-girder
into girders, and girders framing columns. The reinforcement slabs floor
run in one direction only. (Economical for medium and heavy live
loads for 6 to 12 ft)
35 These serve to provide against effect of shrinkage and changes in Temperature bars
temperature and also to distribute possible load concentrations
over large areas
36 Minimum protective covering for slab reinforcement ¾” or 20 mm
37 Formed perpendicular to the joists in order to distribute possible Distribution rib
load concentration over larger area
38 Type of one way slab consisting of relatively small T-beams One way joist or Ribbed slab
(Economical for medium span with light or medium load)
39 A type of slab which has two sets of reinforcing bars placed at Two way slab
right angle to each other in two directions transferring the load to
the four supporting beams or walls
40 Min. slab depth 4” or 100 mm
41 Rule of thumb for slab depth Slab perimeter/180
42 Type of two way concrete slab reinforced by ribs in two directions. Two way waffle slab
It is able to carry heavier loads and span longer distances than flat
slabs
43 Is a concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in two or more Two way flat plate
directions and supported directly by columns without beams or
girders
44 Structural member resting on supports usually at its ends which Beam
supports transverse loads
45 A beam that supports one or more smaller beams, as Girder
concentrated loads
46 Beams having a single span with a support at each end, there Simple beams
being no restraint at the supports
47 Beams that are supported at one end only, or they may be that Cantilever beams
portion of beams projecting beyond one of its supports
48 Beams resting on more than two supports Continuous beams
49 The compressive stress (upper part) of beam is resisted by Concrete
50 The tension (lower part) of beam is resisted by Steel
51 The section of a beam at which the bending moment changes Point of Inflection
from positive to negative
52 Beam reinforcing bars Stirrups
53 Column reinforcing bars Ties
54 Reinforcement used to resist shearing stress Web reinforcement
55 Fireproofing for beams & walls 1 ½” or 40 mm
56 Beam designed to act together with longitudinal and web Reinforced concrete beams
reinforcement in resisting applied force
57 Standard hook bend made at the end of a reinforcing bar 90, 135, and 180 deg
58 Longitudinal bars bent to an angle of 30 degrees or more with the Bent Bars
axis of a concrete beam, perpendicular to and intersecting the
cracking that could occur from diagonal tension
59 Type of beam which is double reinforced for long span with a Hollow box girders
hollow center of the section
60 Short beam extensions from columns used to support rafters or Beam brackets or corbels
trusses
61 Minimum flashing lap 4” or 25 mm
62 A wall on which either floor or roof construction rests Bearing wall
63 Enclosing wall of an iron or steel framework or non-bearing Curtain wall
portion of an enclosing wall between piers
64 Portion of an enclosing wall below the first tier of joists Foundation wall
65 Subsurface wall built to resist the lateral pressure of internal loads Retaining wall
66 Space between any arch and the beam over the same; or an Spandrel wall
exterior non-bearing wall in skeleton construction built between
columns or piers
67 Exterior non-load bearing wall whose outer surface may or may Panel wall
not from the exterior facing of the building and whose interior
surface may or may not from the interior finish
68 Exterior non-load bearing wall whose outer surface may form Masonry panel wall
exterior building face or it may be used at the back of panel
curtain wall as back up
69 Natural or artificial stone slab which are anchored to the building Stone masonry panels
structure by masonry anchors
70 Ordinary reinforced or prestressed concrete wall units which may Pre-cast masonry panel wall unit
span one floor or several floors
71 Wall whose purpose is to resist the thrust of a bank or earth or Retaining wall
other material
72 Type of wall which is constructed of such proportions that its Gravity Wall
weight alone resists the thrust of the earth
73 Constructed of reinforced concrete and makes use of the weight Cantilever wall
of the earth in resisting the tendency to overturn the outer edge
74 Similar to cantilever wall with the exception that the vertical wall Counterfort wall
is tied to the base at regular intervals with triangular shaped walls
75 Method of making building surfaces impervious to water Waterproofing
76 Applying water-impervious material or a vapor barrier to a surface Damp-proofing
to prevent penetration of moisture to the surface material
(Usually on slab on fill)
77 Applying, by brush or low pressure spray, a clear silicon water Water repelling or water sealing
repellent or sealant porous surface material such as cement
plaster and bricks to prevent weathering or growth of algae and
moss
78 Method of installing thermal barriers in surfaces of structures to Thermal insulation
keep heat or cold away from interior
79 Treating the soil surrounding the structure in touch with the Soil poisoning
ground with a chemical (Footing bed & Slab on fill)
80 Waterproofing compound in powder form mixed with the cement Integral type
aggregate mixture
81 Waterproofing type which may be a hot or cold membrane Membrane type
applied to the surface
82 Waterproofing type which is a fluid applied elastomeric coating Fluid type
83 Powder form waterproofing compound mixed with water and Cementitious type
applied by brush to the surface
 LECTURE 17: Structural Steel Construction
1 Type of framing system where each pair of external columns One way beam system
supports a long spanning beam or girder (Suitable for narrow
buildings where column free interior is desired)
2 Type of framing system wherein it is a two layer system where Two way beam system
beams frame into girders, increasing floor depth and provides
space for mechanical systems
3 Type of framing system used when a large column free space is Three way beam system
required where long spanning plate girders or trusses can be used
to carry the primary beam
4 Made up of channels or angles connected by lattice bars are often Latticed columns
used where light loads are to be supported on long columns
5 Column type wherein two component parts of the column are Batten columns
connected only by batten plates
6 Is a beam composed of wide plate at the top and bottom of which Plate girders
are riveted angles and plates
7 Corrugated steel panels used as a working platform during Metal decking
construction and eventually as formwork for sitecast concrete
slabs
8 Type of metal decking which serves as a permanent formwork for Form decking
reinforced concrete slab
9 Type of metal decking which serves as a tensile reinforcement for Composite Decking
the concrete slab to which it is bonded with embossed rib pattern
10 Type of metal decking manufactured by welding a corrugated Cellular decking
sheet to a flat steel sheet, forming a series of spaces or raceways
for electrical and communications wiring
11 Structural framework composed of a series of straight members Truss
so arranged and fastened together that external loads applied to
it will cause only direct stress in the members
12 Member of (11) which are framed between and join the top and Web members
bottom members
13 Portion of the roof between two adjacent trusses Bay
14 A truss supported at each end point Simple truss
15 A truss supported at one end joint and the other joint is not an Overhang end span
end joint
16 A truss where the entire support is at one end only Cantilever span
17 A short pin, of malleable metal such as iron, steel, or copper, with Rivet
a head at one end; used to unite two metal plates by passing
through a hole in both plates and then hammering down the point
for a second head
18 Type of weld which is approximately triangular in section joining Fillet weld
two surfaces approximately at right angles to each other
19 Type of weld made by depositing filler material in a groove Groove weld
between two members to be joined
20 Type of weld made of circular hole or an elongated hole in one Plug or Slot weld
member or a lap joint, joining that member to the portion of the
surface of the other member that is exposed through the hole
LECTURE 18: Architectural Finishing Systems
1 A raised floor system used in general construction where it Stringerless
provides maximum accessibility, optimum underfloor space, and
electrical continuity; dependent on panels restrained by perimeter
walls
2 A raised floor system designed without a stringer connection at Panel Lock
the edge and bolted at the corner
3 A raised floor system used where frequent access is required Snap-on-grid
4 A raised floor system for areas with heavy load; provides Rigid grid
maximum rigidity for seismic or dynamic loading
ELECTRICAL
1 Form of energy generated by friction, induction or chemical Electricity
change, having magnetic, chemical and radiant effect
2 Electrical pressure that causes the electrons to move through a Volt or Voltage
conductor (wire)
3 Standard unit used in measuring the strength of an electric Ampere
current
4 Rate or measure of power used or consumed Watt
5 Wire installations that supply current to light and convenient Circuit
outlets
6 Friction of opposition to the flow of current by the wires and Resistance (DC)
transformers Impedance (AC)
7 Flow or rate of flow of electric force in a conductor Electric Current
8 Electricity flows in one direction (flow from negative to positive); Direct Current
commonly dry cell or storage battery
9 Electricity constantly reverses its directional flow; generator Alternating Current
10 Product of voltage and current Power
11 Single path exist for current flow; elements are arranged in a Series Connection
series one after the other with no branches
12 Loads are places across the same voltage constituting a separate Parallel circuit
circuit; Multiple connections; Standard arrangement for housing
wires connections
13 Simple static device consisting of a magnetic core wherein the Transformer
primary and secondary windings are made
14 Substances or materials that resist flow of electric current Insulators
15 Electrical conductors 8 mm2 (AWG No. 8) and smaller in sizes Wires
16 Larger than wires Cables
17 Insulated stranded wire Cord
18 Equal to 1/1000 of an inch used to describe or measure a round Mil
wire diameter
19 A device that by insertion into a receptacle establishes connection Convenience outlet or attachment
between the conductor of the flexible cord and the conductors cap
connected permanently to the receptacle
20 Attachment cap on the wire coming from a device Plug
21 Box with a blank cover that is inserted in one or more runs or Pull box
raceways to facilitate pilling in the conductors (without splices or
termination)
22 Enclosure housing electrical connections, to protect the Junction box
connections and provide a safety barrier (with splices or
terminations)
23 Contact device installed at the outlet for connection of a single Receptacle
attachment plug
24 Maximum number of convenience outlet for 15 amp circuit 6
25 Maximum number of convenience outlet for 20 amp circuit 8
26 An overall current protective device with a circuit opening fusible Fuse
element which opens (break) when there is an over current in the
circuit
27 Cutting off or disconnection of the current supply Trip or tripping
28 Box wherein the protective devices are grouped from which they Panel board
are fed
29 Portion of the supply conductor which extends form the street Service Entrance
main duct or transformer to the service or switchboard of the
building supply
30 Service wire installed by electric power supply companies for Overhead service entrance
industrial, commercial, and residential.
31 Connected from nearest utility pole to the building service Service drop
entrance point and enter the building through the weather head,
down to the electric power meter
32 Consist of a raceway (conduit) extending from the building to the Underground service entrance
property line where it is tapped to the main
33 Defined as zero voltage Ground
34 Technical term for house wiring installation Branch Circuit
35 Maximum load per light outlet as per PEC 100 watts
36 Load limit per convenience outlet as per PEC 180 watts
37 Size limit of convenience outlet wire as per PEC 3.5 mm2 or No. 12 AWG copper
wire
38 Intensity of light per unit area Illumination
39 The light that seems to radiate from an object being viewed Brightness
40 Brightness ration between an object and its background Contrast
41 Control of shadows cast by light; Degree to which light is Diffuseness
shadowless
42 Equal intensity of light clashing from all directions producing no Perfect Diffusion
shadows
43 Quality attribute by which we recognice and describe colors as Hue
red, blue, yellow, green, violet, and so on
44 Difference between the resultant colors of the same hue Brilliance or value
45 Most brilliant of the neutral colors White
46 Least brilliant of the neutral colors Black
47 Luminance meter that requires the operator to make a brightness Comparator
equivalence judgment between the target and background
48 Luminance meter which is equipped with a hooded cell arranged Direct Reading
to block oblique light
49 Luminance meter unsuitable for fieldwork Accurate laboratory instrument
50 Amount of light flux density; measurement for illumination Footcandle (lumens per square foot)
51 Luminance of a surface reflecting, transmitting or emitting one Footlambert
lumen of illumination per square foot of area in the direction
being viewed or the conventional unit of brightness or luminance
52 Light output generated continuously by a standard wax candle Lumens
53 Whole equipment provided for lighting comprising lamp Lighting installation
luminaires, means of support, and electrical installations including
other auxiliaries
54 Array of luminaires having a characteristic of light distribution Lighting system
55 Housing for one or more lamps comprising a body and any Luminaire
refractor, diffuser or enclosure
56 Distance measured horizontally between the outer of the column Outreach
or wall face or lamp post and the center of the luminaires
57 Horizontal distance between center of luminaires and the Overhang
adjacent edge of the road
58 Distance between the successive luminaires in an installation Spacing