4.

Information Systems Personnel

Senior High School Department People who manage, support, and maintain computer installations.
A.Y. 2018-2019 5. Network Administrator
SUPPLEMENTARY REVIEWER People who specialize in making sure that a company’s local area network operates
FOR UNIT TEST IN EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES efficiently.
6. Web Developer
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS People who decide what Web pages should look like and those who prepare the code
TECHNOLOGY that make Web pages perform properly.

What is ICT? 7. Computer Engineers

 It deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile People concerned with the development of the hardware aspects of the computer
phones, telephone, Internet, Internet, etc. to locate, save, send and edit system.
information.
8. End User
 ICT use digital technology that helps individuals, businesses and organizations
People who make use of hardware and software resources for whatever purpose it may
utilize information.
serve them.
 ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive
information electronically in a digital form. Example of this is the personal B. Software – it refers to the physical/tangible electronic and mechanical parts of a
computers, digital televisions, email, robots and other technology devices. computer system.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
It is an electronic device that manipulates and is capable of accepting, processing, CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE
displaying and storing data. A. System Software
B. Applications Software
Systems Software
Characteristics of a Computer:
Includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer’s hardware and
1. High Speed software resources in order for the computer to work efficiently.
2. Accuracy
3. Storage Capability Example of Systems Software
4. Diligence
 Operating System (OS)
5. Versatility
 Software Utilities
ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM:  Disk Operating System (DOS)
A. Peopleware - refers to the role people play in usage, maintenance and development of
hardware and software. Application Software
Are productivity programs or end-user programs that enables users to complete tasks
Examples of Peopleware: such as creating documents, doing online research, sending email, designing graphics
1. Application Programmer and even playing games.
People who creates, maintains and improves software for organizations/market.
Examples of Application Software:
2. Database Administrator and Developer  Word Processing Software
People who specialize in designing and overseeing the maintenance of databases.  Spreadsheet Software
 Database Software
3. Help Desk Professional
 Presentation Graphic Software
People who are trained to provide help to users of applications.
 Graphics Software
 Multimedia Software
 Secondary Storage Devices
Are devices use for storing or safekeeping of files
C. Hardware - it refers to the set of electronic program instructions or data a computer
processor reads in order to perform a task or operation. Examples of Secondary Storage

PARTS OF THE COMPUTER a. Floppy Disk Drive (Diskette)

b. Optical Drives
System Unit • CD – Compact Disc
This houses the Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory • VCD – Video Compact Disc
Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards. • DVD – Digital Versatile Disc
c. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
d. Flash Disk Drive (FDD)

Input Devices
Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board Are devices used to enter data or give instructions to the computer.
The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that run the computer. Examples:
Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone, Camera, Stylus Pen, Touch Screen, Bar Code Reader,
Scanners

Output Devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Are devices that are used to display or produce the outputs of computer.
The processor is the main “brain”
or “heart” of a computer system.
Examples:
It performs all of the instructions
Monitor, Speakers, Printers, Projectors
and calculations that are needed and
manages the flow of information
through a computer.

Primary Storage
Is the computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions for processing and
processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage.

Types of Primary Storage

a. Read Only Memory (ROM)
Is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the
power is ON or OFF.

b. Random Access Memory (RAM)

Is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power
is on.

The World Wide Web
 WWW or the World Wide Web is an information space where documents and other
web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URL’s), interlinked by
hypertext links and can be accessed via the internet.
 It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in the year 1989. He is a British computer
scientist who was born in London. His parents were computer scientist, working at
that time on one of the earliest computers.
 Web 1.0 or Static Website
It is also known as flat page or stationary page which contains web pages with fixed
content. Each page is coded in HTML and displays the same information to every
visitor. It is the most basic type of website and the easiest way to create.
 Web 2.0 or Dynamic Website
It allows the user to interact with the web pages known as dynamic page. Web 2.0
is a term coined by Darcy DiNucci on January 1999 as she wrote in her article
entitled: “Fragmented Future”.
Web 2.0 allows the user to see a website differently than others which includes the
social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing sites, hosted services and web
applications. The user may able to leave a comment or create a user account.
 Web .3.0 and the Semantic Web
The Semantic Web is a movement led by the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C). The W3C standard encourages web developers to include semantic
content in their web pages. The term was coined by the inventor of the
World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee. Lee is noted that the Semantic Web is
a component for Web 3.0.
Example: If you search the internet for “Where is the best place to go
shopping?” Web 3.0 will aim to give you results depending on how you have
made choice in the past.
Web 3.0 is yet to be fully realized because of several problems:
1. Compatibility – HTML files and current web browsers could not support
Web 3.0.
2. Security – The user’s security is also question since the machine is
saving his or her preferences.
3. Vastness – Certain words are imprecise. The word “old” and “small”
would depend on the user.
4. Vagueness -
4. Logic – Since machines use logic, there are limitations for a computer to
be able to predict what the user is referring to a given time.
Trends in ICT
1. Convergence – Technological convergence is the synergy of technological
advancements to work on a similar goal or task. For example, besides using your
personal computer to create word documents, you can now use your smartphone.
Convergence is using several technologies to accomplish a task conveniently.
2. Social Media – It is a website, application or online channel that enables web
users to create, co-create, discus, modify and exchange user-generated content.
Internet users spend more time in social
media sites than in any other type of site. With this, more and more advertisers use
social media to promote their product.
Six Types of Social Media:
a. Social Networks – are the sites that allows you to connect with other
people with the same interests or background. The user can set up a
profile, add people, create groups and share content. Examples:
Facebook, Google+, Skype
b. Bookmarking sites – are the sites that allow you to store and manage
links to various websites and resources. It allows you to create a tag that
enables you and others to easily search or share them. Examples:
StumbleUpon, and Pinterest
c. Social News – These are the sites that allow users to post their own
news items or links to other news sources. Example: Reddit, Digg, CNN,
Rappler
d. Media Sharing – It allows you to upload and share media content like
images, music and video. Most of the sites today have social features
like liking, commenting and having user’s profile.
Example: Youtube, Vimeo, Snapchat etc.,
e. Microblogging -These are the sites that focus on short updates from the
user. Those subscribe to the user will be able to receive updates,
exchange small elements of content such as short sentences, individual
images, video links which is called micro-post.
Example: Twitter, Plurk
f. Blogs and Forums – These websites allow users to post their content.
Other users are able to comment on the said topic. Example: Blogger,
WordPress, Tumblr.Weebly
3. Mobile Technologies - This is the technology used for cellular communication
devices. The popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over the
years. Several mobile devices are capable of using high-speed Internet. Today the
latest mobile devices use 4G Networking (LTE) which is currently the fastest mobile
network.
Examples: IOS, Android, Blackberry OS, Windows Phone OS, Symbian, WebOS,
Windows mobile.
4. Assistive Media – It is a non-profit service designed to help people who have
visual and reading impairments. An example of which is a database of recordings
used to read to the user from this website; http://www.assistivemedia.org/
 RULES OF NETIQUETTE
NETIQUETTE = “Internet” and “Etiquette”
Internet - worldwide network of computer computer networks that use the TCP/IP
network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange [syn: cyberspace] ‘
Etiquette - The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by authority, to be
observed in social or official life;
“NETIQUETTE” refers to internet etiquette. The use of good manners in online
communication such as e-mail, forums, blogs, and different social networking sites.
It is important to use netiquette because communication online is non-verbal. This
type of communication does not allow each person to see facial expressions, body
language, or hear intonation. Because of this, messages can often be
misinterpreted. By following netiquette, online communication becomes clearer.
Rule 1: Remember the Human
Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
Online Safety and Security
The Internet, truly, is a powerful tool. It can be used to promote your business, gain new
friends, and stay in touch with the old ones. It is also a source of entertainment. But like
most things in this world, there is always “another side of the coin.” The Internet is one of
the most dangerous places, especially if you do not know what you are doing.
CHAPTER 2: APPLIED PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS WITH ADVANCED
APPLICATION TECHNIQUES
What is Productivity?
■ According to Hodgets & Kuratko, it is observed as a significant factor for success
in an organization and in a competitive situation.
■ It is a vital component for improvement and success based on performance
management to fulfill their missions, visions and objectives.
PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
A group of programs that are sold as a package to solve common problems. Most popular
are “productivity suites”, they are a set of basic business programs designed with a uniform
user interface and common functions such as spell checking.
PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE TOOLS
Microsoft is the most popular and widely used form of productivity software
Examples:
Word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, schedulers and other
software that are designed for individual use.
Advance Applications Techniques Used in Microsoft Office
1. Mail Merge - - It involves merging a main document with a data source. A main
document contains the text and other items that remain the same in each label. A
data source contains the information that changes in each label, such as the name
and address of each recipient.
2. Custom Animations and Timing – It is used presently in MS PowerPoint to enhance
presentation when it comes to creating animations.
3. Hyperlinking in Presentations – It involves in MS PowerPoint where hyperlink is a
text or object that contains a link to another file, web page, a place in a document,
a link to a new document or an email address. The shortcut key for hyperlink is
CTRL+ K
4. Integrating Images and External Materials in Word Processor - A better
understanding of the physical form of the document as well as the different materials
a user can insert or integrate in it would allow you to be more efficient and versatile
in using Microsoft Word.
5. Embedded Files and Data
6. Advanced and Complex Formulas – This is applicable for MS Excel which is a
program designed to create spreadsheet. It provides an automated way of
displaying any statistical data.
CHAPTER 3: IMAGING AND DESIGN FOR ONLINE ENVIRONMENT
Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout
1. Balance. it is the equal distribution of weight. It determines the darkness and
lightness, thickness of lines and size.
TWO KINDS OF BALANCE:
1. Symmetrical Balance – the order of balance so that they are evenly allocated to
the left and right.
2. Asymmetrical Balance – the order of the same weight on each side of the page.

2. Proximity - principle of proximity shows that you ensemble related object together,
move them physically close to each other so the related items are seen as united
and group.
3. Alignment - the principle of alignment says, “Nothing should be placed on the page
arbitrarily”. Every items should have visual connection with something else on the
page.
4. Repetition - according to the principle of repetition, it states “repeat some aspect
of the design throughout the entire piece”. Repetition can be thought of as
uniformity; a process to unify all parts of a design
5. Contrast - to aid in the arrangement of the information, basically the message
should be crystal clear and easily recognizable.
6. White Balance - it is also known as “negative space”. According to the principle of
white space, it states that “white space is the art of nothing”. It is the absence of text
and graphics and it can be any color of the background.
Principles of Visual Message Design Using Infographics
What is Infographics?
- is a visual image to symbolize information or data such as chart or diagram.
- it presents a clear message quickly and clearly.
- grabs your attention and deliver an important message or teach you important
information.
Facts about Infographics
Five Principles:
1. Be Unique - make it engaging and memorable with a unique twist on something that
everyone can relate to.
2. Make it Simple - don’t throw in so much detail and extraneous information that the
audience is overwhelmed by everything going on in your infographic.
3. Be Creative and Bold - it’s important to make sure that your main message is bold and
obvious.
4. Less is More - it’s important to make sure that your main message is bold and obvious.
5. The Importance of Getting It Across - The most important thing you want from an effective
infographic is a simple way for people to share it with their friends.
Online Image File Formats
Document File Formats
1. PDF-it stands for “Portable Document Format” which has all the features of a printed
document as an electronic image, print, navigate, or even forward to other people.
Converted document to PDF file format is being optimized in a smaller file size without
losing its quality. Adobe developed PDF.
2. DOC - it is short for “Document file” which is a format created by Microsoft and used in
MS Word which is a word processing application. It can generate and distribute documents
using writing tool, and it is possible to include charts, formatted text, graphs and images,
tables, page formatting and has a few printing settings.
Difference between the two formats:
 DOC is a Microsoft Word file and PDF is an Adobe Acrobat file.
 DOC is editable while PDF is non-editable.
 DOC offers more features such fonts and colors while PDF is very limited.
 PDF is a compatible format which can be allocated in a computer with any
configuration unlike DOC
 PDF is a secured file format which can be password protected while DOC is open
to view any time.
Principles and Basic Techniques of Image
Manipulation
1. Cropping - This tool is use to cut part away
of an image. Cropping an image effectively
can make a difference to its influence
 2. Color Balance - It is use to change or Uploading, Sharing and Image Hosting Platforms
adjust the tone light of an image. Imgur - A free image hosting site that doesn’t even required an account.
- Images can be shared in social networks through a unique URL.

Google Photos - An image host developed by Google. It can be sync to your google
account automatically.

Flickr - It is one of the oldest and well-known image host that has editing features. With 1
TB max storage capacity.

3. Brightness and Contrast - It is use to
adjust the brightness of an image, from
lighter to darker.
Photobucket - It is an image hosting site that lets you upload pictures to their original
quality and also GIF picture which has 2GB maximum storage.
ImageShock - An image host offers unlimited storage space as long as it is less than
25MB.

Dropbox - A generally free storage cloud where you can not only upload pictures but all
sorts of file form.

4. Compression & Resizing

- It is use to resize the image quality, and
file size.

5. Filters - Most of photo editor have a

feature that contains a lot of image
filters that makes the image look
sketched, grainy, classic, black & white
and more.

Basic Image Manipulation Using

Offline or Open Source Software:
• Cloning
• Changing Background
• Removing Colors
• Combining Text, Graphics and Images
CHAPTER 4: ONLINE PLATFORMS FOR ICT CONTENT DEVELOPMENT
Example:
Platforms - This are technologies that are grouped to be used as a base upon which other  Wix – a cloud-based web development platform that allows users to create
applications processes or technologies are developed. Learning platforms are essential to HTML 5 websites.
the vision of emerging ICT and learning for the future.  Weebly – a web hosting service featuring drag-and-drop website builder
 HTML - (Hypertext Mark Up Language) is the standard markup language for
Classifications of Online Platforms creating web pages and web applications
 CSS – (Cascading Style Sheet) is a style sheet language used for describing
1. PRESENTATION/ VISUALIZATION - Its goal is to communicate information clearly and the presentation of a document written in a markup language. It is a style
efficiently via statistical graphics, plots and information graphics. language that defines layout of HTML documents.
Example:  Jimdo - is a web hosting service, owned and operated by Jimdo GmbH, that
allows users to build their own website.
 Prezi - Helps reinventing the art presentation
 Zoho - Online project management app that helps you plan your work and keep CHAPTER 5: COLLABORATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ICT CONTENT
track of your progress.
 Slideshare - Build quickly from concise, well-presented content from top experts. What is Content Curating? – Content curation is the act of discovering, gathering and
 Mindmeister - An online mind mapping tool that lets you capture, develop and share presenting digital content that surrounds specific subject matter.
ideas visually.
CONTENT CURATION TOOLS
2. CLOUD COMPUTING- the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the 1. Curata
internet to store, manage and process data rather than local server or personal 2. The Tweeted Times
computer. 3. Addict-o-matic
Example: 4. ClipZine
 Google Drive 5. Pinterest
 Dropbox 6. Feedly
3. Social media – allows peoples, companies, and other organizations to create, share or 7. Storify
exchange information, career interests, ideas and pictures/videos to virtual 8. RockTheDeadline
communities and networks. 9. Paper.li
Example: 10. List.ly
 Facebook
 Twitter Community of Inquiry
 Instagram
 Tumblr, etc; An instructive group of request is a gathering of people who cooperatively take part in
4. FILE MANAGEMENT – Storing, naming, sorting and handling computer files. intentional basic talk and reflection to build individual significance and affirm common
Example: comprehension.
 Zamzar – a web application to convert files 1. Social Presence
 word2pdf – convert Word files to PDF with this online tool. 2. Teaching Presence
5. MAPPING–transformation taking the points of one space into point of another space. 3. Cognitive Presence
Example: Google Maps and Ikimapia

6. WEB PAGE CREATION –encompasses a number of important elements including

color, layout and overall graphical presentation.
• WYSIWYG – it means What You See Is What You Get creator that whatever you
type, insert, draw, place, rearrange, and everything you do on a page is what the
audience will see.
CHAPTER 6. MULTIMEDIA AND ICT’s http://www.google.com.ph/About/Conntacts.aspx

The Internet

Internet - is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized
Internet Protocol Suites (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is also a network of
hypertext world wide web Domain name Folder File
networks. transfer protocol (www)
(http)
Internet is a hardware, not a software. The worldwide web is the software that runs on the
Indicates file is The name of the It is the folder on Is a webpage file
Internet. Rules that define
how data is on the world site, points to the the web server (.html)
exchange between wide web. web server. machine
Uses of TCP/IP
servers and
browsers.
A standard protocol which is the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses rules for the
format and transmissions of data.

The ideas of this protocol was funded by the ARPA (Advanced Research Projects
Agency) of the US Dept. of Defense around year 1969 which was originally the ARPANET.

How does Internet works?

1. It uses TCP to send and receive data.
2. It has and IP (Internet Protocol)

Internet Protocol (IP) – is like a GPS it picks a route for a packet, stopping at routers
(devices) which pick the next best machine/network to send the packet to the router which
is the central switching device.

What is and IP Address? It identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet
same as home address. Every computer that connects to the Internet has an identifying
number (IP Address) which consist of 4 numbers with dots between them and each number
ranges from 0-255.

What is Domain Name? - it is the name that corresponds to the numeric IP address of a
computer on the internet.

Example: Yourwebsite.com = 103.29.250.19

= 103.29.250.20

It identifies the network or a specific computer.

Web Addresses and URL’s

URL ( Uniform Resource Locator) - is the website address of a web document on a

computer which Tim-Berners Lee establish in the year 1990 as the URL designation.
Example: www.google.com ; www.facebook.com ; www.youtube.com