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One Interval and One Nominal: test for differences in the means of the interval measure for each of the groups defined for the nominal measure
- T-test: one nominal with two groups
o Compare mean height by gender
▪ Height: interval
▪ Gender (male, female): nominal with 2 groups
o Compare mean blood pressure by race
▪ Blood pressure: interval
▪ Race (Asian, White): nominal with 2 groups
- Matched pairs t-test: one nominal with two groups or one identical group measured twice
o Compare blood pressure by treatment
▪ Blood pressure: interval
▪ Treatment status (treated, untreated); nominal with 2 demographically-matched groups
o Compare weight in 2016 and 2017
▪ Weight: interval
▪ Identical group: 2 times (2016, 2017)
- 1-way ANOVA: one nominal with 3 or more groups
o Compare mean height by nation
▪ Height: interval
▪ Nation (Canada, US, Mexico): nominal 3 groups
o Compare mean blood pressure by race
▪ BP: interval
▪ Race (Asian, White, African American): nominal with 3 groups
- 2-way ANOVA: one interval and two nominal measures
o Compare mean height by gender and ethnicity
▪ Height: interval
▪ Gender (male, female): nominal with 2 groups
▪ Ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic): nominal with 2 groups
- Repeated measures ANOVA: one nominal one interval several different times
o Compare BP in 2016, 2017, 2018
▪ BP: interval
▪ Identical group: 3 times (2016, 2017, 2018)
Hints:
▪ Hypothesis testing:
o Type I error: erroneously claiming a treatment works when it is NOT effective (based on strange sample, flaws in the research)
o Type II error: erroneously failing to claim that a treatment works when the treatment IS effective
▪ What type of observational study design is this:
o Case report
o Case series
o Cross-sectional study
o Case-control study
o Cohort-study
▪ Key statistics:
o Cross sectional study: chi square
o Case-control study: odd ratio
o Cohort study: relative risk