Piloting Model For Collaboration Among Pdams in West Java

The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the
views
or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent.
ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any
consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
PILOTING MODEL FOR COLLABORATION AMONG PDAMs IN WEST JAVA FOR IMPROVED WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT
CONTENTS PAGES
CHAPTER I
1
FOREWORD
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Purpose of Study 2
1.3. Location of Work 3
1.4. Scope and Description of Activities: 3
1.5. Length of Working 4
1.6. Project Schedule 4
1.7. Expected result 5
1.8. Human Expertise 6
1.9. Reports 6
CHAPTER II
STUDY APPROACH: 8
Institutional Observation and Legal Aspect
2.1. Institutional Definition 8
2.2. Institutional elements 9
2.3. Basic Thought 10
2.4. Characteristics Of Water Resources And Classification Of River Area 10
2.5. Basic Principle Of Water Resources Management 13
2.6. Institutional Management Of Water Resources 14
2.6.1. Institutional Framework in Water Resources Management 14
2.7. Legal Foundation Of Institutional Development 15
2.8. Water Resources Management Institution In West Java 15
2.9. Public Service Agency 16
CHAPTER III
20
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Frame of Research & Approachs 20
3.2. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology 21
3.3. Performing Occupation Segmentation 22
3.4. Data Collecting method 23
3.5. Analysis method 23
3.5.1. Hydro analysis – Geological 23
3.5.2. PDAM Performance Analysis 23
3.5.3. Strength,Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) Analysis 24
3.5.4. Fishbone analysis (Ishikawa’s diagram) 25
3.5.5. Institutional changed approaching (Change Theory) 26
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT -i-
3.6. Implementation plan 27

3.7. Evaluation & Monitoring 28
3.8. Data Requirement and Source 28
CHAPTER IV
29
GENERAL VIEW OF REGION
4.1. REGION PROFILE 29
4.1.1. BANDUNG CITY 29
4.1.1.1. Geographical Conditions & Territorial Administration 29
4.1.1.2. Morphology 31
4.1.1.3. Geology 32
4.1.1.4. Climatology 34
4.1.1.5. Demography 34
4.1.1.6. Economic Structure 35
4.1.2. Bandung Regency 36
4.1.2.1. Condition of Geographic and Administration 36
4.1.2.2. Morphology 36
4.1.2.3. Geology 38
4.1.2.4. Climatology 39
4.1.2.5. Demography 40
4.1.3. Sumedang Regency 41
4.1.3.1. Geographical Condition and District Administration 41
4.1.3.2. Physical Condition of Area 42
4.1.3.3. Population 46
4.1.3.4. Land Utilization Arrangement 47
4.1.4. Subang Regency 47
4.1.4.1. Geographical Condition 47
4.1.4.2. Geomorphological Condition 48
4.1.4.3. Geological Condition 51
4.1.4.4. Population 53
CHAPTER V
THE CONDITION OF 54
WATER RESOURCEs
5.1. THE CONDITION OF HYDROGEOLOGY 54
5.1.1. Bandung’s Sheet(SOETRISNO ; 1983) 54
5.1.2. The Sheet of Cirebon (SOETRISNO; 1985) 55
5.2. RIVER BASIN 56
5.3. WATER RESOURCES 57
5.3.1. Surface Water 57
5.3.2. Soil Water Resources 59
5.4. NATURAL RESOURCES 61
5.4.1. Tipologi of Natural Water Resources 61
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT - ii -
5.4.1.1. Underground Water 61

5.4.1.2. Water Source 64
5.4.1.3. Surface Water 64
5.4.1.4. Water District 66
5.5. Water Source Potency 66
5.5.1. Bandung hollow 66
5.5.1.1. Soil water 66
5.5.1.2. Spring 74
5.5.1.3. River water 74
5.5.2. Sumedang Basin 77
5.5.2.1. Soil Water 77
5.5.2.2. Spring 78
5.5.2.3. River 79
5.5.3. Subang Basin 80
5.5.3.1. General 80
5.5.3.2. Spring 81
5.5.3.3. River 83
CHAPTER VI
86
PDAM’s PROFILE
A. Technical Aspect 86
6.1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY 86
6.1.1. General 86
6.1.2. Service 86
6.1.3. Capacity of System 88
6.1.4. The Condition of Water Resource 89
6.1.4.1. Spring 89
6.1.4.2. Inner Groundwater 92
6.1.4.3. Spring 92
6.2. PDAM BANDUNG REGENCY 92
6.2.1. General 92
6.2.2. Service 95
6.2.4. Condition of Water Resource 97
6.2.4.1. Surface water 97
6.2.4.2. Groundwater 97
6.2.4.3. Spring 97
6.3. PDAM SUBANG REGENCY 97

6.3.1. General 97
6.3.2. Service 98
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT - iii -
6.3.4. Condition of Water Resource 99

6.4. PDAM SUMEDANG REGENCY 99
6.4.1. General 99
6.4.2. Service 99
6.4.4. Sold Water Production, Distribution and NRW 101
CHAPTER VII
100
PDAM DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
7.1. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 100
7.1.1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY 100
7.1.1.1. System Capacity 100
7.1.1.2. Service Condition 101
7.1.1.3. The Growth of Water Needs 101
7.1.1.4. Additional Water Source 103
7.1.1.4.1. Short Terms Solving 103
7.1.1.4.2. Long Terms Solving 103
7.1.2. BANDUNG REGENCY 107
7.1.2.1. Water Needs Bandung Regency 107
7.1.2.1.1. The Growth of Population
107
7.1.2.1.2. PDAM Bandung Regency
107
7.1.2.1.3. The Growth of Water Needs of Bandung
108
Regency
7.1.2.2. Proposed Program 109
7.1.2.2.1. Potential Water Source in Bandung Regency 109
7.1.2.2.2. Surface Water 109
7.1.3. SUMEDANG REGENCY 111
7.1.3.1. Water Source Sumedang Regency 111
7.1.3.2. The water Needs Sumedang Regency 111
111
7.1.3.2.2. PDAM Sumedang Regency
112
7.1.3.2.3. The Growth of Water Needs in Sumedang
113
Regency
7.1.3.3. Program Proposed 113
7.1.3.3.1. Potential Water Sources in Sumedang
113
Regency
114
7.1.3.3.2. Springs
114
7.1.3.3.3. Surface Water
7.1.4. SUBANG REGENCY 116
7.1.4.1. Water Source Subang Regency 116
7.1.4.2. The Water Needs Subang Regency 116
7.1.4.2.1. The Growth of Population 116
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT - iv -
7.1.4.2.2. PDAM Subang Regency 116

7.1.4.2.3. The Growth of Water Needs Subang Regency 117
7.1.4.3. Proposed Program 118

7.1.4.3.1. Potential Water Source in Subang Regency 118
7.1.4.3.2. Springs 118
7.1.4.3.3. Surface Water 119
7.1.4.4. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF PDAM BANDUNG CITY 119
7.2. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 121
7.2.1. Bandung City’s PDAM 121
7.2.1.1. Production capacity, extension number, and Sold Water 121
7.2.1.2. Operational Income 121
7.2.1.3. Periodic operational cost 122
7.2.1.4. Receivable and current ratio 123
7.2.1.5. Long term Payable 123
7.2.1.6. Average fare 123
7.2.1.7. Bandung city’s PDAM fund source 124
7.2.2. Bandung Regency’s PDAM 124
7.2.2.7. Bandung regency’s PDAM funding source 127
7.2.3. Sumedang Regency’s PDAM 127
7.2.3.2. Operational income 128
7.2.3.3. Periodic Operational cost 128
7.2.3.4. Long Term Payable 128
7.2.3.6. Sumedang regency’s PDAM fund source 129
7.2.4. Subang Regency’s PDAM 129
7.2.4.7. Subang Regency’s PDAM Funding source 132
7.3. LEGAL AND INSTITUSIONAL ANALYSIS 133
7.3.1. Basic Law for natural resources. 133
7.3.2. Main Discussion 133
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT -v-
7.3.3. River and River Allocation based on Undang-Undang. 134

7.3.4. Example of Public Institution under Undang-Undang. 134
7.3.5. Alternatives to build an institution according to Undang-Undang. 135
7.3.6. Number 50 Year 2007 About Instructional Management Local 143
Government Cooperation
7.3.7. The Institutional Development 145
7.3.7.1. Analysis of Institutional Affairs 145
7.3.7.2. Stages the Establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU) 151
7.3.7.3. Budgeting BLU 153
7.3.7.4. Positive & Negative Any Options Of The Blu-Spam Formed 154
7.3.7.5. Rights and Obligations of BLU-SPAM (Province) 155
7.3.7.6. Rights and Obligations of PDAMs (Regency/City) 156
7.3.7.7. Source of Income BLU 157
7.3.7.8. Description of income from each sources 157
7.3.7.9. Option of BLU SPAM Formed 158
APENDIX 1
APENDIX 2
APENDIX 3
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT - vi -
TABLES PAGES
4.1. Population based on District and Density on 2005 34

4.2. Economic growth of Bandung Distric in 2005 36
4.3. Terminological Population District and Density in Year 2006 40
4.4. The Amount of Population According to District Population Density in 2006 46
4.5. The use of land in Sumedang Regency in 2005 47
5.1. Water Needs Calculation Standard 57
5.2. Category of River Flow Areas in West Java 59
5.3. Underground Water Potentials in West Java 60
6.1. The form of PDAM coordination in Central Government Institutions 95
6.2. The form of PDAM coordination and Institutions in Government of Province 95
6.3. The form of PDAM coordination in Government Institutions of City /
96
Regency
7.1. Step by step the establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU) 151
IMAGE PAGES
2.1. Water Resources Characteristics 12

3.1. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology 21
3.2. SWOT diagram 24
3.3. Fishbone diagram 26
3.4. Change’s triangle 27
4.1. Bandung Administration Map 30
4.2. Picture of Bandung Basin from Satellite 32
4.3. Bandung Geological Map. 33
4.4. Bandung Basin Geological Map 33
4.5. Condition of Climatology at Bandung Basin territorial 34
4.6. Bandung Regency Administration Map 37
4.7. Nature Landscape sketch of Bandung Basin 48
4.8. Bandung’s Basin Geological Map 39
4.9. Administration Sumedang Regency Map 42
4.10. Sumedang Regency Topography Map 43
4.11. Sumedang Regency Topography Map 44
4.12. Sumedang Regency Geology Map 45
4.13. The feature on the volcanic slope which has been used as tea plantation
49
in Ciater area
4.14. the figure of bricks lava near Cilele Spring, Kecamatan Jalan Cagak 51
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT - vii -
4.15. the figure of lava sediment with solid structure pieces in Ciater area. 52
4.16. the figure of revealed lava with solid structure 52
4.17. the figure of lava basalt cavity 53
5.1. Underground Water Potention Map in West of Java 61
5.2. Water Supply System Based on Water Source 63
5.3. Underground Water Holes in West Java 64
5.4. River Area Unit in West Java 65
5.5. Bandung Basin border 67
5.6. Hidrogeologi's map Bandung Basin. 68
5.7. Hydrogeology’s block diagram south North Bandung Well Water Basin 70
5.8. Bandung Basin Ground obtain zone map 72
5.9. Bandung Basin Taking groundwater Zone Map 73
5.10. Wellspring appearance zone at territorial Bandung Basin 74
5.11. Sumedang Regency Hydrological Map 78
5.12. River Flow Map 80
5.13. Geologi Map regional Main Stream Area of Cipunagara River 81
5.14. Surface across main stream area of Cipunagara River 81
7.1. PDAM System Bandung City 100
7.2. Prediction of PDAM Production Capacity Bandung City 101
7.3. The Growth Of Bandung City Population 102
7.4. Predicted of PDAM Service Capacity Bandung City 102
7.5. Cimenteng Program Proposed Schematic 105
7.6. Water source in three regencies. 106
7.7. The Growth of Population of Bandung Regency and Cimahi City 107
7.8. Condition of PDAM Bandung Regency System Capacity 108
7.9. Prediction the growth of Water Needs in Bandung Regency 109
7.10. Monthly Fluctuation Rate of Flow Graphic of Citarum river 110
7.11. Monthly Fluctuation Rate of Flow Graphic of Citarum river 111
7.12. The Growth of Population Sumedang Regency 112
7.13. Condition of PDAM Sumedang Regency System Capacity 112
7.14. The Growth of Water Needs in Sumedang Regency 113
7.15. The Growth of Subang Regency Population 116
7.16. Condition of PDAM Subang Regency System Capacity 117
7.17. Prediction the Growth of Water Needs in Subang Regency 118
7.18. Providing Water Source Scheme Bandung City in 2015 120
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT - viii -
1. Background
Decreasing of PDAM’s services on West Java happened because it does not have water
source in terms of quantity and quality, one of its main reason is that the raw water
sources have been decreasing on PDAMs service region, the current condition is that the
raw water source that utilized by PDAM tends to be decreasing in terms quantity and also
quality, even if there is a potential raw water source, the position is far-away or lies
outboard PDAM servicing area, the condition often increase the PDAMs net-operating cost
and care and ensues on bad consumer service and can only increase service to some
region most indeed, on a short period of course it went hard with PDAM to raise rate and
further on a long term ensuing on unavailable capital that adequately to increase its
performance.
On the other side, in mountainous area that becomes raw water source region PDAM,
exists raw water source that abundant and not being utilized, besides the raw water
source capacity, the elevation problem at territorial will be resulting on production cost
and PDAMs operational becomes uneconomic, but if raw water source managed together
with several PDAMs at territorial greater Bandung that have no alternative or lack for raw
water source, obviously about problem cost and operational technical will get to bring off
economically.
Four PDAMs those are on Greater Bandung( Bandung's, Bandung's Regency, Subang’s
Regency, and Sumedang's Regency), with potential population as big as 8 Millions, facing
dilemma and realising that it was needed a collaboration to utilize raw water source more
efficient and effective to look after raw water source accessibility for four PDAMs. This
collaboration is expected will give benefit that really strategic for PDAM on :
Secure quantity of good quality raw water through optimizing all raw water
sources in the area
Improved level of service, supporting PDAM professional operation & financial
sustainability
Increased access to safe water for the whole population inhabiting the whole
Bandung region
Easier access to alternative investment financing through better matching of
supply and demand
PDAM in Bandung, have no new raw water source and the current raw water source has
been decreasing on their quality and quantity and ensue on PDAMs disability in servicing
145.000 customers (40% of total populations). The problem has to be solved as soon as
possible, otherwise it will be harder for PDAM on Bandung to increase their services to
customer, since they are thousands customer candidates already waiting list expecting
their services. PDAM in Bandung has put an effort to cultivate raw water sources that
beyond their administrative territory to be used on a poor raw water source region
especially during dry season. This process faces various administrative constraints,
FINAL REPORT -1-

technically indecent and uneconomic, on regency region with fewer populations and
geographically consisting of mountainous area have raw water source very abundant,
elevation and far-away distance cause raw water source at regency territorial was not
utilized optimaly.
Based on description above, it is to be needed a study of pre feasibility study that works
to exploit raw water source and production of fresh water collectively – same or
collaboration among four PDAMs (PDAM in Bandung, PDAM in Subang Regency, PDAM in
Bandung's Regency and PDAM in Sumedang's Regency), in which currently it is not yet
good government organization or even other organizations that responsible to manage
and protect raw water source affiliate or distribution plan with four PDAMs.
2 Purpose of Study
a. Establishing institutional design framework and Process & Mechanism that is being
needed for collaboration to exploit raw water source between four PDAMs at
territorial Bandung's curve.
b. The availability detailed analysis about raw water source demand, supply and
production at territorial Bandung's curve.
c. The availability detailed analysis about:
Current condition of four PDAM institutions
Law and regulations
Possible political constraints
d. The availability detailed analysis about law design, role and new institution
responsibility
e. The availability detailed information about follow up plan, finances source, activity
frame of reference that shall soon at performs.
f. At least three workshop with stakeholder and 12 small workshops.
FINAL REPORT -2-

3 Location of Work
Location of work will be at administration region area in Bandung's, Bandung's Regency,

Sumedang's Regency and Subang Regency (PDAM in Bandung's City, PDAM in Bandung's
Regency, PDAM in Subang’s Regency, and PDAM in Sumedang's Regency)
4 Scope and Description of Activities:
a. Raw Water Production Scheme

To prepare the most appropriate water production scheme including following elements:
Analysis of historical and current project information with regard raw water
availability, and regarding to DAS (river flow area) Management Pattern and
coordinated with DAS (river flow area) Managing Institution at province level and
also at city region (Natural Resources at Province and River Region)
Raw water demand prediction on next 10 year projection of water demand for
four PDAM
Cost estimation of the project implementation, including rough financial

projection for next 10 years, for four PDAMs (required investment, operational
cost, revenues / tariff which emerges from policy developed by Central
Government Supporting Body for Water Supply Development)
To assess the sustainability of the system, to be detailed is as follows:
Identification water resource prospect of available raw water sources (quantity

and quality)
Long term continuity of water resources
Long term threats related to the water quantity and quality
Recommendations of management, utilization and protection of water sources to

maintain or even upgrades these water sources
b. Institutional Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Legal Requirements and

Processes for Creating the Legal Entity.
To analyze and compare the different possibilities for the institutional setups to manage
the combined raw water supply, including but not limited to the following components:
Identify current institutions involved in / responsible for raw water protection and
management in target area.
Undertake a stakeholder analysis including CSO, communities, private sector and
define is and responsibilities in catchment utilization and raw water supply.
Identify and summarize existing laws and regulations with regard to roles and
responsibilities on watershed management and raw water supply.
FINAL REPORT -3-

Identify and describe political obstacles and opportunities through series of

stakeholder workshop.
Identify possible institutional setups, taking into account current institutions, laws
and regulations related to management and utilization of water sources.
Compare different options through SWOT analysis.
Describe expected main tasks and responsibilities of combined institution,
including possible role / responsibilities of the entity in bulk water supply to four
PDAMs.
Prepare cost estimation of the project implementation projection for the
institution proposed to manage the system, including alternative financing
sources.
c. Preparation Phase 2
Based on results, conclusions and recommendations from first phase develop an action
plan containing is least the following elements:
Summary of results, conclusions and recommendations, ready to be presented to

stakeholders;
Action plan describing detailed steps, including responsibilities for various
stakeholders;
Identify potential of long term financial resources from different Government
levels (local, provincial and national) and / or donor agencies;
Describe requirements to obtain this funding for purpose of raw water protection
and management;
Draft TOR for follow up phase;
5. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology
FINAL REPORT -4-

PDAM (4 Utilities in Bandung Region) UNEP
IWRM
Technical Financial Institutional Planning
Strategic &
History/Current data Investment Current Institutional of Roadmap
raw water Supply Raw water Management
Operating Cost Environment

Current & Forecast Stakeholders Analysis sustainability
Demand water/ RDS Role & Responsibility & Public
Revenue participation
Management Existing Laws &

Utilization & Tariff Regulation
Protection of water
source
Cost Projection SWOT: Political,
Financial Stakeholder,
Projection Institutional setup
PILOT & DEMONSTRATION ACTION
Result/ Conclusion/ Recommendation:

-Improve Water Resource Management
-Combined Institution & Capacity Building
-Rules, Legitimation & Responsibilities
-Financial Projection & Fund sourcing
- Portfolio of Implementation Project
Water Resource Water Demand Financial Legal Institutional &

Supply Projection Projection Requirement Management
Technical & Management Political/ Public

Projection Study Study Advocacy
Image 1. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology
6. Results
Regionalization of raw water, meaning that the raw water source in one or more administrative
regions can be used by some of the local administration to regional cooperation through specific
mechanisms. Regionalization of raw water this can also include production units. Raw water
management can be done by local administration where the location of raw water sources are exist
in and / or province. User-fledged of raw water/drinking are PDAMs that do have a regional
cooperation. There are several alternative plans in the development of this regional SPAM.
FINAL REPORT -5-

Regionalization raw water is a basic form of the most possible water management, because in
addition not to touch the existence of the existing PDAMs, can also overcome the basic
problems of raw water in the future. There are several institutional alternatives closely related
with the Regionalization of Raw Water under review by LMFE UNPAD’ ESP USAID and ADB
cooperation, namely:
a) Joint Venture Company
b) Empowerment of PT Tirta Gemah Ripah which is a subsidiary of PT. Jasa Sarana Regional
Owned Enterprises (BUMD) belonging to West Java Province.
c) The Public Service Organization.
Institutions that have been established to manage raw water can do in cooperation with each
PDAM administrative region to conduct sale and purchase agreement of raw water. Institutions
can also make cooperation with the Agency Business (third party), including the private sector.
In fact, the Joint Venture among the regions in Indonesia is difficult especially in the agreement
concerning the sharing of their respective regions. Meanwhile, PT. Tirta Gemah Ripah as
Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) as belonging to West Java province had formed on the
West Java, but got rejection from the PDAMs so that there can run well and eventually in the
non-actived.
Public Service Agency (BLU) is an alternative form of institutional management of raw water
regionalization that need to be considered at this time. In addition to the possibility of
existence of subsidies from the government but still implement the principles of economic,
Public Service Agency (BLU) can do in cooperation with the Business.
Public Service Agency (BLU) SPAM that operates as a "work unit" The Local
Employment Unit (institutional of Public Work Office (PU) to an agency, namely the
Public Work Office (PU)/Residential Area and Infrastructure (Kimpraswil)
Province/Regency/City Office) for the purpose of the provision of public services (in the
provision of drinking water) that its management based on the authority delegated by
the parent concerned.
BLU-SPAM device is part of achievement goals of local governments and therefore the
legal status of Public Service Agency (BLU) -SPAM is not separated from the local
government institutions as a mother.
Governor/Regent/Mayor is responsible for the implementation of the public services

conduction policy (providing of drinking water), which delegated to the Public Service
Agency (BLU)-SPAM from the benefits in terms of the services produced.
FINAL REPORT -6-

Officials/officer appointed managing Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM responsible for

the implementation of the provision of public services (providing of drinking water) is
delegated to officials/officer by the Governor/Regent /Mayor.
Public Service Agency BLU-SPAM conducting activities without seeking the benefits.
Work plan and budget and financial reports and performance of Public Service Agency
(BLU)-SPAM arranged and presented as a part that is not separated from the work plan
and budget and financial reports and performance of SKPD (institutional of Public Work
Office (PU) to an agency/local government.
Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM manages public service (the provision of drinking
water) in line with a healthy business practices.
The most ideal of Public Service Agency (BLU) for Regionalization context is Public Service
Agency (BLU)-level Provincial Government. Structure of Public Service Agency (BLU) in
Provincial level.
As we know, the average of PDAM in Indonesia is still use the rate of water that has not meet the
principles of full cost recovery (FOR) with the reason taht purchasing power people are still low,
consequently, aware or not many PDAMs compromising the quality of services to cover the costs
incurred, and even a few PDAMs have actually been in liquidation/bankruptcy. In situations where
the public purchasing power is still a constraint in meeting the principles of economics so that FCR
can be met, Public Service Agency (BLU) is the institutional options that may be more ideal to
manage regional raw water.
Then develop cooperation between the PDAM and Board of Public Service with the General Terms
and Conditions of Cooperation between PDAM & BLU as follows;
1. The time period required cooperation between the five (5) to 20 (twenty) years
2. Facilities built and managed by PDAM (Provider) with the aim to meet the needs of the
community infrastructure and facilities
3. Characterized with a set of contractual agreements that bind each party to implement the
transaction in accordance with these provisions
4. Generally is the solid capital and require a large amount of funds for building
5. Risks identified by the parties in the transaction and was appointed to the party most able
to handle risk with lowest possible cost
6. Sales income of drinking water obtained from the reward that can be calculated based on
the minimum volume produced (take or pay) with the services that sell products produced
from facilities built in accordance with the terms of the agreement between the
Government of the BLU.
7. BLU is not involved in the operation and maintenance of other units that they do not build
a. Forms of Cooperation Benefits:
FINAL REPORT -7-

1. Management of all or part of the system

2. Management facilities,
3. Operation of equipments
b. Field of clean water supply services that can be served, among others:
> Production
Step by step the establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU)
Responsibility Regulations
Activities Sub Activities Description
of related
A. Preparation Hearing to the

Bureau of
Expert team
Economic and
Services
Delivered the results of a

Hearing to Regional
Expert team study on the BLU as
Secretary
chosen institutions that
Hearing to manage raw water at
Expert team the provincial level
Governor
Hearing to the
Council of Regional Expert team-
Representatives Governor
(DPRD)
Form a team Expert team- Regulation of The team can come from
formation BLU-raw Provincial Minister no the province and
water Government 61/2007 regency/city
Determination of
Local Government Adjusted to the basic
Regulation of
Units (SKPD) or Provincial duties and functions of
Minister no
units of the Government the BLU with work units
61/2007
province will run that have
BLU
Meet Regulation of
Regulation of Minister 61/2007 Article
Minister no 4, that work units have a
61/2007, task, principal and
Preparing Expert team-
Regulation of functions are operational
substantive Provincial
Financial in carrying out the public
requirements Government
Minister services which resulted
07/PMK in a semi goods and
02/2006 public services
(quasipublic goods)
FINAL REPORT -8-

Meet Article 9 Regulation

of Minister61/2007
services unit
performance working to
Regulation of
get the
Minister no
recommendations to be
Preparing the 61/2007,
Expert team- enhanced BLU based on
technical Regulation of
Provincial recommendation to the
requirements of Financial
Government secretary the head of
BLU Minister
Determination of Local
07/PMK
Government Units
02/2006
(SKPD) and SKPD for
work units, or healthy
Finance performance unit
workplace
Regulation of
Minister no
Determination of
Preparing 61/2007,
Expert team- Minimum Standard, The
administrative Regulation of
Provincial Governance, Strategic
Government Business Plan, financial
BLU Minister
projections
07/PMK
02/2006
His/her position, the
Preparation of
division of tasks,
organizational Expert team
functions, responsibilities
structure,
and authority
Relationship and the

mechanism of inter-
Preparation of work Expert team
office positions and
procedures,
functionin the
organization
A clear division of duties

between functions and
rational of service and
Preparation of support functions in
Expert team
grouping Function Regulation of accordance with the
Minister no principles of internal
61/2007 control in order to
achieve organizational
effectiveness
setting and a clear policy
on human resources
focused on the fulfillment
of the quantitative and
Preparation of
qualitative / competent
human resources Expert team
to support the
management
achievement of
organizational goals in
an efficient, effective and
productive
Leaders, Financial
The election Provincial
Officers and Technical
officials Government
Officers
FINAL REPORT -9-

supervise the
Regulation of management of BLU
Minister no made by the manager of
61/2007, BLU officials on the
The formation of
Provincial Regulation of implementation of the
the Board of
Government Financial Business Plan and
supervisors
Minister Budget, Long Term
09/PMK Business Plan and the
02/2006 provisions of the laws
that apply
Regulation of
The reward of a job that
Minister no
can be salary,
61/2007,
Expert team- honorarium, allowance
Remuneration Regulation of
Provincial fixed, incentives,
Determination Financial
Government bonuses on achievement,
Minister
pesangon, and / or
10/OMK
retirement.
02/2006
Investment can be made
as along as become the
Regulation of
Inventory benefit to increase the
Expert team Minister no
Investment Needs income and improvement
61/2007
of BLU of the service to the
community
possibility of Regulation of
To improve the quality
cooperation Expert team Minister no
and quantity of services
inventory with third 61/2007
parties
Regulation of
B. Endorsement of Regional After all the
Minister no
Implementation BLU Legislative(DPRD) infrastructures are ready
61/2007
Periodically need to be
done to ensure
Expert team- Regulation of
Monitoring and implementation in
C. Controling Provincial Minister no
Evaluation accordance with the
Government 61/2007
plan, and to make
improvements
Budgeting BLU
The budget is needed in the early formation of BLU consists of:
1. Investment cost of the infrastructure development connected to 4 PDAMs. If BLU is in the

city as the capital of the province, the total cost of investment required is Rp 162 Billion,
with the details as follows;
Infrastructure between Investment Needs Description

Bandung City-Sumedang Infrastructure development (World
Rp53.000.000.000
Regency Bank Studies, 2006)
FINAL REPORT - 10 -
Making Dam (World Bank Studies,

Rp67.000.000.000
2006)
Bandung City-Bandung
Rp15.000.000.000
Regency
Bandung Cuty-Subang Making Infrastructure (ESP

Rp28.000.000.000
Regency Studies, 2008)
Total needs Infrastructure Rp 162.000.000.000
2. Operational and Non-Operational Costs.

Operating costs include all of costs which become a burden to run the tasks and functions,
which consist of the cost of services and administration.
Non Operational costs, covering the entire cost of a burden in order to support the
implementation of the tasks and functions.
Positive & Negative Any Options Of The Blu-Spam Formed
Option Positive Negative

BLU-SPAM Ensure the management of Not get involve actively providing
Province Drinking Water Provision funding for SPAM at the Regency
System (SPAM) that is / City
integrated in a provincial area Lack of allocation of resources to
It will facilitate the coordination get Regional Budget (APBD) of
of raw water utilization for Regency / City
drinking water Difficulty to obtain budget
Will facilitate the synergy and allocations from the province
efficiency of financial budget because is still a bit
management in large-scale provinces concerned with the
The ease of the technical drinking water
department given in the job there are weaknesses in the
services of SPAM at provincial control region because spread
level Requires a number of human
Development of personnel resources with the big-cocked
career in BLU-SPAM province
will be more open and easy to
between Regency / City in one
province
FINAL REPORT - 11 -

BLU-SPAM The allocation of a maximum of Will have a little difficulty in
Region more Provincial Budgets forming a new BLU-SPAM
(investment, O / M, Bantek, there are weaknesses in the
Training) control region because of spread
Ensure the management of Requires a number of human
SPAM that is integrated in a resources with a large amount
single region Not get involve actively funding
Will implement synergy and for the realization of SPAM at the
efficiency financial management Regency / City
in a large scale Lack of allocation from Regional
The ease of the technical Budget (APBD) resources Regency
department given in the job / City
services of SPAM at regional Difficulty to obtain budget
level allocation from the provincial
Development of personnel budget (APBD) because the
career in BLU-SPAM province province is still a little concerned
will be more open and easy to with the drinking water
between Regency / City in one There are problems in the
region provision of a certain level of
It will facilitate the coordination realization in SPAM
of raw water utilization for
drinking water
Allows for cross-subsidy for poor
Regency /City
BLU-SPAM Responsibility of Regional Development of technical direct to

Kab/Kota Government (Pemda Regency / units of BLU SPAM in Regency /
City) as the mandate of City the constraints considering
Law/Regulation 32 of 2004 locations spread of Regency / City
About Local Government can be in Indonesia
implemented in full The possible occurrence of the
Budget of Regional Buget raw water problems which have
(APBD) Regency / City been had by other Regency / City.
(investment, O / M, Bantek, The lack of human resource
Training) can be directly capabilities in the Technical
allocated and controlled implementation of BLU-SPAM
Dependency of investment from
the Province / Central considering
several fund of Regional Budget
(APBD) Regency / City still limited
FINAL REPORT - 12 -
Rights and Obligations of BLU-SPAM (Province)
1. Rigth
a. Getting land for build facilities in accordance with the laws and regulations
b. About the community or other organizations that conduct activities and cause
damage to infrastructure and facilities services
c. Allowed to charge / reward or accept payment services of drinking water to the

public
d. Receive budget (income) from the local budget (APBD)
e. Receive income on the BLU-SPAM cooperation with other parties
f. Set and impose fines against the delay/late in payment charges
g. Obtain a raw water quality standard continuous in the appropriate permission has
been obtained
h. Cut off the connection to the subscribers do not fulfill the obligations
2. Obligations
a. Ensure that services meet the standards set.
b. Provide the necessary information to all parties concerned on the incident or a

special case and will cause potential changes on the quality and quantity of
services
c. Operate facilities and provide services to all users / customers which have met the
requirements
d. Provide information on the implementation of the services
e. Provide appropriate compensation to customers over losses suffered
f. Obey and efforts to comply with the settlement of legal when occur disputes
g. Participate in the protection and conservation efforts to water resources in order

maintain environment conservation
Rights and Obligations of PDAMs (Regency/City)
1. Rights
a. Getting a service of drinking water / raw water materials that meet requirements
of the quality, quantity and continuity in accordance with the standards set
b. Obtain information about the structure and the amount of rates and charges (bill)
c. Submit a claim on the service itself harmful to the court
FINAL REPORT - 13 -
d. Getting feasible compensation as a result of the negligence of services
2. Obligations
a. Pay bills on the services of raw water
b. Using raw water well
c. Participated in maintaining the facilities and maintain the raw water
d. Following and settlement efforts and meet the law when disputes occur
Source of Income BLU
a. Services
b. Grants
c. Results of cooperation with other parties
d. Post of Revenue and Expenditure State Budget (APBN) National Level
e. Post of Regional Income and Expenditure Budget (APBD) Provincial level,
f. Other a valid income of BLU-SPAM
APBN and APBD can provide funds, but until now, not all PDAMs acquire their funds from APBD
and APBN for raw waters. Therefore, nowadays it can not be defined the amount of investment
that can be obtained from APBD and APBN.
Description of income from each sources
a. BLU-SPAM income that come from services, in the form of rewards acquired from
the service given
b. BLU-SPAM income that come from a grant tied and not tied
d. BLU-SPAM income that come from APBD with authorization of the local
government budget credit not derive from ABPD financing
e. BLU-SPAM income that come from the state budget (APBN) revenues can be
derived from the government in the framework of the implementation of
deconcentration and / or assistance task and others
f. BLU-SPAM in implementing of the budget deconcentration and / or assistance
task, the process of financial management conducted separately based on the
conditions prevailing in the State Budget (APBN)
g. Other a legal income of BLU-SPAM, are as follows:
The sale of property that are not separated;
The utilization of property;
FINAL REPORT - 14 -
Time deposit Services;
Interest income
Benefits of the difference between the exchange rate of rupiah against

foreign currencies;
Commission, discount or other form as a result of the sales and / or

procurement of goods and / or services by BLU-SPAM
The investment
Option of BLU SPAM Formed
1. BLU-SPAM provide and manage the unit 1. When the Regency / City have
of raw water and carry out the PDAM have pain and / or the
distribution and services Regency / City of the spreading
2. BLU-SPAM Province/Region and provide 2. When two (2) Regencies / Cities

and manage a unit of raw water and or more can not provide and
Regency / City implement the manage the unit of raw water
distribution and services
3. BLU-SPAM Regency / City provide and 3. When Regency / City able to
manage the unit of raw water, unit of manage all the unit of IKK-SPAM
production, unit of distribution and built
services
4. No need to be formed BLU-SPAM-SPAM 4. When Regency / City have
IKK but unit which managed by PDAM healthy PDAM
Regency / City
a. Option is selected
The option number two, only the distribution and services in the regency / city through PDAM
b. Flowchart Of Blu-Pdam-Customer
FINAL REPORT - 15 -
PRODUCTION
WATER
PURCHASING
RAW WATER
PURCHASING
PDAM BANDUNG
CITY
PDAM
BANDUNG
REGENCY
BLU CUSTOMER
PDAM
SUMEDANG
REGENCY
PDAM
SUBANG
REGENCY
DRIKING
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
RAW WATER
SELLING
FINAL REPORT - 16 -
CHAPTER I
FOREWORD
1.1. Background
Decreasing of PDAM’s services on West Java happened because it does not have water
source in terms of quantity and quality, one of its main reason is that the raw water
sources have been decreasing on PDAMs service region, the current condition is that the
raw water source that utilized by PDAM tends to be decreasing in terms quantity and also
quality, even if there is a potential raw water source, the position is far-away or lies
outboard PDAM servicing area, the condition often increase the PDAMs net-operating cost
and care and ensues on bad consumer service and can only increase service to some
region most indeed, on a short period of course it went hard with PDAM to raise rate and
further on a long term ensuing on unavailable capital that adequately to increase its
performance.
On the other side, in mountainous area that becomes raw water source region PDAM,
exists raw water source that abundant and not being utilized, besides the raw water
source capacity, the elevation problem at territorial will be resulting on production cost
and PDAMs operational becomes uneconomic, but if raw water source managed together
with several PDAMs at territorial greater Bandung that have no alternative or lack for raw
water source, obviously about problem cost and operational technical will get to bring off
economically.
Four PDAMs those are on Greater Bandung( Bandung's, Bandung's Regency, Subang’s
Regency, and Sumedang's Regency), with potential population as big as 8 Millions, facing
dilemma and realising that it was needed a collaboration to utilize raw water source more
efficient and effective to look after raw water source accessibility for four PDAMs. This
collaboration is expected will give benefit that really strategic for PDAM on :
Secure quantity of good quality raw water through optimizing all raw water
sources in the area
Improved level of service, supporting PDAM professional operation & financial
sustainability
Increased access to safe water for the whole population inhabiting the whole
Bandung region
FINAL REPORT -1-

Easier access to alternative investment financing through better matching of

supply and demand
PDAM in Bandung, have no new raw water source and the current raw water source has
been decreasing on their quality and quantity and ensue on PDAMs disability in servicing
145.000 customers (40% of total populations). The problem has to be solved as soon as
possible, otherwise it will be harder for PDAM on Bandung to increase their services to
customer, since they are thousands customer candidates already waiting list expecting
their services. PDAM in Bandung has put an effort to cultivate raw water sources that
beyond their administrative territory to be used on a poor raw water source region
especially during dry season. This process faces various administrative constraints,
technically indecent and uneconomic, on regency region with fewer populations and
geographically consisting of mountainous area have raw water source very abundant,
elevation and far-away distance cause raw water source at regency territorial was not
utilized optimaly.
Based on description above, it is to be needed a study of pre feasibility study that works
to exploit raw water source and production of fresh water collectively – same or
collaboration among four PDAMs (PDAM in Bandung, PDAM in Subang Regency, PDAM in
Bandung's Regency and PDAM in Sumedang's Regency), in which currently it is not yet
good government organization or even other organizations that responsible to manage
and protect raw water source affiliate or distribution plan with four PDAMs.
1.2 Purpose of Study
a. Establishing institutional design framework and Process & Mechanism that is being
needed for collaboration to exploit raw water source between four PDAMs at
territorial Bandung's curve.
b. The availability detailed analysis about raw water source demand, supply and
production at territorial Bandung's curve.
c. The availability detailed analysis about:
Current condition of four PDAM institutions
Law and regulations
Possible political constraints
d. The availability detailed analysis about law design, role and new institution
responsibility
e. The availability detailed information about follow up plan, finances source, activity
frame of reference that shall soon at performs.
f. At least three workshop with stakeholder and 12 small workshops.
FINAL REPORT -2-

1.3 Location of Work
Location of work will be at administration region area in Bandung's, Bandung's Regency,

Sumedang's Regency and Subang Regency (PDAM in Bandung's City, PDAM in Bandung's
Regency, PDAM in Subang’s Regency, and PDAM in Sumedang's Regency)
1.4 Scope and Description of Activities:
a. Raw Water Production Scheme

To prepare the most appropriate water production scheme including following elements:
Analysis of historical and current project information with regard raw water
availability, and regarding to DAS (river flow area) Management Pattern and
coordinated with DAS (river flow area) Managing Institution at province level and
also at city region (Natural Resources at Province and River Region)
Raw water demand prediction on next 10 year projection of water demand for
four PDAM
Cost estimation of the project implementation, including rough financial

projection for next 10 years, for four PDAMs (required investment, operational
cost, revenues / tariff which emerges from policy developed by Central
Government Supporting Body for Water Supply Development)
To assess the sustainability of the system, to be detailed is as follows:
Identification water resource prospect of available raw water sources (quantity

and quality)
Long term continuity of water resources
Long term threats related to the water quantity and quality
Recommendations of management, utilization and protection of water sources to

maintain or even upgrades these water sources
b. Institutional Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Legal Requirements and

Processes for Creating the Legal Entity.
To analyze and compare the different possibilities for the institutional setups to manage
the combined raw water supply, including but not limited to the following components:
Identify current institutions involved in / responsible for raw water protection and
management in target area.
Undertake a stakeholder analysis including CSO, communities, private sector and
define is and responsibilities in catchment utilization and raw water supply.
Identify and summarize existing laws and regulations with regard to roles and
responsibilities on watershed management and raw water supply.
FINAL REPORT -3-

Identify and describe political obstacles and opportunities through series of

stakeholder workshop.
Identify possible institutional setups, taking into account current institutions, laws
and regulations related to management and utilization of water sources.
Compare different options through SWOT analysis.
Describe expected main tasks and responsibilities of combined institution,
including possible role / responsibilities of the entity in bulk water supply to four
PDAMs.
Prepare cost estimation of the project implementation projection for the
institution proposed to manage the system, including alternative financing
sources.
c. Preparation Phase 2
Based on results, conclusions and recommendations from first phase develop an action
plan containing is least the following elements:
Summary of results, conclusions and recommendations, ready to be presented to

stakeholders;
Action plan describing detailed steps, including responsibilities for various
stakeholders;
Identify potential of long term financial resources from different Government
levels (local, provincial and national) and / or donor agencies;
Describe requirements to obtain this funding for purpose of raw water protection
and management;
Draft TOR for follow up phase;
1.5 Length of Working
The project will be implemented over a. period of 6 months.
1.6 Project Schedule
Key activities Timeline
Result 1: Water Resources Survey & Analysis's Data
1 Hydro (geo)logy historical information collected and analyzed end Month 3
2 Raw water demand, supply and water production scheme proposed end Month 5
3 Financial Projection compiled and analysis end Month 5
4 recommendations of raw water management & protection end Month 6
Result 2: Institutional Structures Comparative Analysis
1 Stakeholder analysis of current institutions, CSOs, laws and regulations end Month 3
completed
FINAL REPORT -4-

2 Political obstacles and opportunities identified and agreed upon end Month 4
3 Possible legal setup for new entity prepared and agreed by main end Month 6
stakeholders
4 and Responsibilities of new entity agreed with stakeholder’s roulette end Month 8
5 Follow up plan and financing identified end Month 8
Result 3: Preparation Phase 2
1 Summaries, Action Plan, financial resources and TOR prepared end Month 8
Result 4: Stakeholder workshops
1 First stakeholder workshop (combined with presentation work plan) end Month 2
2 second stakeholder workshop (combined with Progress Report 2) end Month 4
3 Third stakeholder workshop (combined with is Report's Final) end Month 7
Report Preparation's final & Submission
1 Work plan end Month 1
2 First Progress report end Month 3
3 Second Progress Report end Month 5
4 Draft Final report end Month 7
5 Report's final + third stakeholder workshop end Month 8
1.7 Expected result
Project output
a. Diagram scenario reports of institutional founding, requirement processes and
Mechanism of Raw Water Management Collaboration among 4 PDAM at Bandung's
basin.
b. Reports on demand conditions, availability of productions and raw water scheme
protections ( Based on Esp's information and previous research )
c. Reports on current institution conditions/fresh water institutions, laws, regulations
and possible political obstacles
d. Reports on entities new institute founding scenario on managing fresh water, their
roles and its responsibility.
e. Action Plan Detail covers Finances Source and activity frame for a few strategic
activities.
f. Workshop's activity reporting: 3 stakeholder workshops and 12 mini workshops.
FINAL REPORT -5-

Project outcome
a. Improved management of water resources in Greater Bandung catchment area.
b. Improved protection of raw water resources, partly financed through PDAM tariff
collection
c. A legal entity responsible for (i.) and (ii.), with roles and responsibilities agreed by all
relevant stakeholders (Local and Provincial Governments / Parliaments, NGO ’ s,
communities)
1.8. Human Expertise
1. Management Expert, Institutional specialization as Team Leader PHD qualified,

experienced more than 10 years, coordinate all activities.
2. Management Expert, Institutional specialization, Master qualified, 7 years

experienced on identifying constraints and chances, being formed new institutional
based on laws, regulations and politics.
3. Financial Expert, Master qualified, minimal 7 years experienced on arranging

budgets, making investment projects and analyze net-operating cost and designs
finances alternative.
4. Hydrologist / Hydro Expert – Master Geologist Expert on mapping all possible raw
waters on a given geological region, analyze about standard availability and water
sources – existing sources.
5. Water Supply / Environment Expert on analyzing about exploitation impact and raw
water source management of ecosystem, and estimates raw water source
accessibility projection.
1.9. Reports
Types of report that shall be turned over by Consultant, cover:
1. Advance report
Contain preparations to perform activities, mobilization, preparing work schedule and
methodology and interference may will be faced, and enclosed by data requirement,
data source institution / information, and etc. it covers background activity, aims and
target activity, methodology, work schedule, advance areas picture planning and
satellite map accessibility stocktaking. This advance reporting will be worked
intensively and made as much as 20 (twenty) copies and given 1 (one) month after
the publication Work Order Letter.
2. Intermediate report
Contains field survey and analysis of field condition (problems, potency and
opportunity, constraint and limitation), institutional data, result of satellite
photograph and analysis result of all factors which concerning with planning area.
Intermediate report has to be made 20(twenty) exemplars and given at least 3
FINAL REPORT -6-

months after publication Work Order Letter, and being discussed by Province
Government element, Regency and City that bound by this activity.
3. Final report
Final report constitutes Strategic Draft Report which already being discussed by
variety parties, which concerned, such as Government, private sector, and also
society. Final report being made as much as 30 (thirty) exemplars and turned over 5
(five) months after Work Order Letter is provided with back up CD-Rom which
contains of all activity process, map album, and images resulted by satellite
photograph.
4. Executive summarize
Executive summarize is a summarize book containing of Final Report that is made as
much as 30 (thirty) exemplar and is turned over with Final Report.
Others rule in makings and reporting hand over:
a. Typed 1,5 spaces (one-half) space and is kept in diskette / CD corresponds with the
outcome in which it is turned over in order to reporting.
b. Diskette or CD consists script typing and map digitations.
FINAL REPORT -7-

CHAPTER II
STUDY APPROACH:
Institutional Observation
and Legal Aspect
2.1 Institutional Definition
There are many institutional definition which are said by experts of different field.
Institution is
..... regulation in one group of community or organization which facilitate on the coordination
among its members to help them in a desire to cooperate or connect each other to achieve their
own goals (Ruttan dan Hayami, 1984).
..... regulation and guideline as a direction used by the member of community group to regulate
the relation of bound each other or mutual needs. Institutional arrangements can be determined by
elements: operational regulation to regulate the use of resources, collective regulation to
determine, maintain law or regulation itself and to change operational regulayion and arrange
relational authority of organization (Ostrom, 1985; 1986).
..... a group of boundary or restrain factors which arrange the relation among member or group
behaviour. This definition most of organization are institution because generally, organization has a
regulation which regulate the relation among its member or outsider (Nabli dan Nugent, 1989).
..... rule of game in a social group and influenced by economic, social and political factors.
Institution can be formal regulation or informal ethic code which is agreed by all of them. North
distinguish between institution and organization and said that institution is rule of game and
organization is its player (North, 1990).
..... institutional arrangement to join organization and institution. Institutional arrangement is a

relational arrangement among economic units which arrange are these units able to cooperate each
other or to compete. In this approach, organization is a question about actor or economis person
where there are contracts or transactions which is held and the main intension of contract is
decreasing transaction cost (Williamson, 1985).
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT -8-
Based on definitions above, so institution is an arrangement or relation pattern among community

member or organization which is bound each other and able to determine the relation among
people or organization contained in an organization or network and determined by boundary
factors and tied by norm, formal or informal code of ehtics to restraint social behaviour and
insentive to cooperate and achieve goals all together.
2.2 Institutional elements
From among definitions we can summarize several impotant institutional elements, are as follows:
• Institution is a base to build community social behaviour
• Behavioral norm which is tied in community and accepted broadly to serve the same goals
have such value and produce interaction among people structurally
• Regulation and maintain rule/law
• Regulation in community which fasilitate coordination and cooperation supported by behaviour,
rights and obligation of members.
• Code of ethics
• Contract
• Market
• Property rights or tenureship
• Organisazation
• Insentive to produce behavior desired
From elements above we can see that the definition of institution be dominated by regulation’s
elements, behaviour or code of ethic, norm, law and other bound factors among community
member which support each other and can produce something because of security, guaranty to
authorizing of resources supported by regulation and maintain law and incentive to obey the
regulation or run such instituion. There no human being or organization which can live without
interaction with mutual bound community or organization.
Institution can develop well if there are institutional infrastructures, institutional arrangements and
institutional mechanism.
Concerning to background theory above, we want to close institutional analysis from two main
point of view. There are institution as organization and institution as rule of game like stated
above. Different from institutional development on business, trade and industry, institutional
development on agroforestry hard enough because the complexities of components development.
There are ecological, technological, farm production system, forest management, social economic
and political aspects.
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT -9-
2.3. Basic Thought
Nowadays, development and utilization of water resources in study area face increasingly
complex problems and challenges. Among which are:
Increase of needs and demand of service quality of water supply despite

increasingly more limited capability of providing it.
Increase of water resource environmental degradation both in quantity and

quality due to culture activity and uncontrollable pollution.
Increase of worsening water utilization conflict among water users.
Weak inter-sector coordination resulting in condition of disintegrated planning,

development, utilization and management of water resources.
Disestablished water resources management institution.
Insufficient awareness and participation of private sector and community.
Overlapping inter-departmental regulation and program.
Very limited government budget for development and O&P PSD irrigation.
Accumulation of those problems, later on, create treats such as decreasing support of
water resources toward development activity in all sectors including area untreated water
supply.
Furthermore, there have been changes of paradigm in water resources development, one
of which is perspective in viewing water, which was previously viewed as social object,
but now as economic object with social function. The change also includes the switching
role of government, form provider to enabler, from centralization to decentralization,
from single to multi-sector allocation, from previously marginal community participation
to more dominant one.
To anticipate the change of paradigm and consider the worsening condition of present
water resources, a professional, permanent, independent institution, which is able to
accommodate interest of various sectors or water users are necessary to establish.
Along with this, water resources management will be gradually led to the establishment
of a corporation having authority to manage water resources in a river area. This step
should be supported by increasing private sector and community roles. This corporation
development is focused on strategic river areas, which are socio-economically feasible to
operate.
2.4. Characteristics Of Water Resources And Classification Of River Area
Water characteristics are heavily influenced by topographic and geological aspects,

various utilizations, relationship (upstream-downstream, instream-offstream, quantity-
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT - 10 -
quality), time and its natural cycle. Due to its topographic and geological factors, water
resources can cross-administrative boundary.
Water quantity and quality heavily depend on quality of each area water resources
management, various water utilizations (agriculture, untreated water for domestic and
industry, power plant, fishery, environment conservation). Besides season (time),
physical nature characteristics (topographic and geological) and population condition
aspect, other water resources characteristics are schematically shown on Image 2.1
With the issuing of Regulation No. 22/1999 concerning Local Government, how to
implement decentralization and autonomy principles in managing water management
becomes main issue to discuss. This is related to water resources with flowing
characteristic (flowing resources) crossing administrative boundaries. With that
characteristic, its consequence in decentralized management is necessary to consider.
The followings are several consequences:
Utilization of water in an administrative area can eliminate utilization opportunity in a

downstream administrative area which can probably give higher value utilization
Water pollution in upstream administrative area will become social burden in

downstream administrative area (externality effect).
An upstream administrative area is water resources sustainability keeper, whereas

main utility receiver is a downstream administrative area.
MID TERM
FINAL REPORT - 11 -
Water and Water Source

(WATER RESOURCES)
Managed by the state, Utilized optimally for

people prosperity
(Water Resources Utilization)
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION UTILIZATION INTER-RELATIONSHIP TIME NATURE CYCLE

Can cover more than a Among others, city daily • Flowing/dynamic • Present interest • Renewable resources
province or life, industry, electricity, resources • Future interest through hydrology cycle
regency/municipality agriculture, plantation, • Externality • Unequal (time, place,
mining, fishery, tourism, • Quality-quantity quantity and quality )
etc. • Upstream-downstream r
• In stream-off stream
• Ground surface water –
underground water
Interregional Multi sector System Unity Intergenerational Part of Ecosystem
Environmental Outlook
Co-operation Integrated Comprehensive Sustainable
Water Resources : Vital and Strategic Natural Resources for Economic

Development, National Unity and Resistance
Water Resources is integrally, comprehensively, sustainably and environment-mindedly

utilized with the approach of river area and implemented by considering government
administration system.
Image 2.1 : Water Resources Characteristics
What to consider related to those consequences is how cost and utility are managed to
share responsibility and income fairly and proportionally among involved local
governments, business sector and community. To handle the problem, tighter
cooperation and better relationship harmony between community and local autonomy
government are needed.
For the next step, division of water resources system (river area unit) following strata of
government administrative area is determined as follows:
1. Local River Area: is a River Area only located in an area of regency/municipality;

and/or a River Area potentially utilized by a regency/municipality.
MID TERM
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2. Regional River Area: is a River Area geographically flowing through more than an
area of regency/municipality; and/or a River Area potentially utilized by more than a
regency/municipality; and/or a River Area, based on the purpose of the related
regencies/municipalities and the result of evaluation, is determined to be developed
and managed by regional government; and/or potential and strategic for regional
development.
3. National River Area: is a River Area geographically flowing through more than an
area of province; and/or a River Area potentially utilized by more than a province;
and/or a River Area, based on the purpose of the related provinces and the result of
evaluation, is determined to be developed and managed by central government;
and/or potential and strategic for national development.
2.5. Basic Principle Of Water Resources Management
For the purpose of optimal and sustainable management and utilization of water
resources, it is necessary to emphasize the following principles:
1. Water resources have social and ecological functions, and economic value. It is
utilized as much as possible for people prosperity, and to maintain national unity and
resistance.
2. Utilization of water resources is integrally, comprehensively, sustainable,

environmental broad-mindedly planned. It is conducted through river area approach,
and implemented based on decentralized government system in accordance with
comprehensive and responsible local autonomy
3. Utilization of water resources is based on the principles of conservation, utilization,

fairness, independence (business feasibility) and accountability.
4. Community is gradually obliged to be responsible for water resources utilization cost

(directly or indirectly) based on cost recovery principle.
5. Community is involved in making decision through Water Resources Consultation

Forum in all aspects of activity (planning, implementation, control, management and
funding)
6. Utilization of Water Resources is given the highest priority to a strategic river for
economic development, national unity and resistance by considering the level of
socio-economic development, demand of fulfilling needs, and water availability and
utility.
7. River area management is conducted as much as possible by establishing corporation

maximizing potentials of state-owned company (BUMN), local government-owned
company (BUMD), private company and cooperative.
8. State-owned company (BUMN)/local government-owned company (BUMD) is

established in a river area in which its dominant user is capable of paying
contribution.
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9. To guarantee an optimal utilization and conservation of Water Resources, there

should be management concentrations related to Water resources management, as
follows:
Rain Caught Area Management
Water Supply Management
Water Quality/Water Pollution Control Management
Flood Control Management
River Environmental Management
Irrigation Infrastructure Management
2.6. Institutional Management Of Water Resources

2.6.1. Institutional Framework in Water Resources Management
According to Soekrasno Sastro Hardjono, from the point of view of its functions,
institutional system in water resources management can be generally divided into five-
element function, as follows:
1. Regulator or Government, is a decision making institution, represented by

government officers with authority to make policy/decision (for example; in local
government, they are Governor, Regent/City Mayor and Heads of related agencies as
their subordinates).
2. Operator, is an institution having function to do daily operation and management of

water, water resources and infrastructure in river area. Those institutions are, for
instance, Water Resources Management Office (BPSDA) and Jasa Tirta Company
responsible for water management of water sources network, Land Rehabilitation and
Conservation Office, now commonly called Watershed Management Office,
responsible for watershed management. Those institutions are formed by regulator
with main task to implement the regulator’s decision concerning water resources
service to community.
3. Developer, is an institution responsible for building irrigation infrastructure. It

consists of both government element (for examples, Project Implementation Board,
State-owned Company, Local Government-owned Company) and non government
institution (investor). The role of these institutions is needed especially when demand
of water and capability of supplying it are not in balance.
4. User or Utility Receiver, includes all elements of community, both individually and
in group which obtain direct or indirect utility of water source management.
5. Coordination Board, is a board with function to receive and facilitate aspiration and
complaint of all stakeholders. This Board is a representative board with obligation to
convey opinions to regulator and at the same time provide solution and
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recommendation to solve problems related to water resources. Its members are

from government and non government elements with proportional representatives.
2.7. Legal Foundation Of Institutional Development
Several laws and regulations becoming legal foundation in institutional development are,
among others, as follows:
1. Clause (3) Article 33 of 1945 Constitution, determining that “Earth, Water, and its
wealth beneath are controlled by state and utilized as much as possible for people
prosperity”.
2. Article 7 and Article 14 of Government Regulation No. 35/1991 concerning River,

Dam, and Flood Control.
3. Article 1 and Article 2 of Public Work Ministry Regulation No. 39/PRT/1989

concerning River Area Division.
4. Article 2 - Article 5 of Public Work Ministry Regulation No. 67/PRT/1993 concerning

Committee of Water Administration in Provincial Level.
5. Public Work Ministry Decision No. 179/1996 concerning the Formation of Water
Resources Management Office of Provincial Public Work Office.
6. Article 8 and Article 9 of Presidential Decision No. 123/2001 concerning Coordination

Team of Water Resources Management.
7. Article 2 – Article 7 of Law No. 7/2004 concerning Water Resources Management.
8. Article 1 – Article 13 of Government Regulation No. 16/2005 concerning

Development of Drinking Water Supply System.
9. Article 1- Article 4 of Government Regulation No. 23/2005 concerning Public Service

Agency.
10. Article 1 – Article 3 of Internal Affair Ministry Regulation No. 61/2007, concerning
Technical Guidance of Finance Management of Local Public Service Agency.
11. Government ordinance number 50 year 2007 regarding of

accompany territority government cooperation.
12. Minister regulation Number 18/PRT/M/2007 institutional with coordination of

drinking water supply system
2.8. Water Resources Management Institution In West Java
Water resources management institution in provincial level is Water Resources

Management Office (PSDA).
A. Organizational Structure
Head
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Sub Division of Administration

Section of Operational Administration has the following subordinates:
1. Sub Section of Operation and Data Management
2. Sub Section of Maintenance and Reparation
3. Sub Section of Control and Security
Group of Functional Positions
B. Guideline of Main Task of Water Resources Management Office (PSDA)
1. Function:
Operational executor of public service of irrigation
Operational executor of water and water resources conservation
Executor of technical service of administration covering finance, personnel
and equipment
2. Main Tasks:
The office has many tasks to execute parts of public work office’s tasks in the field of
water resources management in river area, as follows:
Irrigation inter regencies;
Supplying untreated water for various (port industry, clean water, water-
generated power plant, water traffic, fish pond, tourism, etc.);
River;
Lake;
Flood control and draught anticipation;
Swamp;
Water pollution control;
Beach protection;
Estuary and delta.
2.9. Public Service Agency
According Joko Supriyanto and Suparjo, new paradigm in state finance management
in accordance with regulation package of state finance includes Law No. 17/2003
concerning State Finance, Law no. 1/2004 concerning State Treasury, and draft of law
concerning Investigation of State Finance Management and Responsibility of State
Finance (agreed during House of Representatives Plenary Session on June 21, 2004).
This, at least, contains three principles of State Finance Management. They are result-
oriented mindset, professionalism and accountability, and transparency.
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The new Paradigm is aimed to eliminate inefficiency. It is strongly believed that the
government has been considered to be an inefficient, ineffective and slow bureaucratic
organization. On the contrary, in modern management, government unit should be
professional, accountable and transparent. Max Weber, the guru of modern sociology,
said that government had very important role. In mechanic viewpoint, government is as
a regulator, whereas in organic view, government functions as public service agency and
investor. The role as regulator and administrator is closely related to bureaucrat.
However, as a community service agent and investor, government should be dynamic,
and can be transformed to be an autonomy unit.
The function transformation pattern can be done in three ways; rightsizing (cut the
government), corporatization dan privatization. Nevertheless, not all government
activities can be transformed to be autonomy units based on the above pattern. The
function transformation can be done in various activities, such as education service,
community health, population administration, seedlings and breeding, data processing,
vehicle administration, revolving fund processing, sport development, road maintenance,
tax and retribution collection, development of employee candidate, park and sanitary.
Meanwhile, the activities which can not be transformed to be autonomy units are among
others; legislation activities, regulation, service policy enacting, budgeting, judicial
administration, law enforcement and responsibility.
Characteristics and Type of Public Service Agency
Following the purpose of improving public service, it is necessary to specifically regulate

government units, which at present have various forms and models that give services to
community. In accordance with Article 1 clause (23) of Law No. 1/2004 concerning State
Treasury which mentions that Public Service Agency is a government institution which is
formed to give service to community by providing it with goods and/or service. The
goods and/or service purchased are not for profit oriented, and in doing the activity; it is
based on efficiency and productivity principles. The explanation specifically shows entity
characteristics as a Public Service Agency. Those are as follows:
(i) Being positioned as government institution which is not separated from state
asset;
(ii) Providing goods and/or services needed by community
(iii) Not being profit oriented;
(iv) Being managed in autonomy way with corporation-style efficiency and productivity
principles;
(v) Work plan, budgeting and responsibility are consolidated with main institution;
(vi) Income, both revenue and contribution, can be directly used;
(vii) The employee can consist of civil servant and non civil servant.
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(viii) Public Service Agency is not a tax subject.
If it is divided based on its type, Public Service Agency is divided into 3 groups, as
follows:
1. Public Service Agency providing goods or services including hospitals, education

institutions, license service, broadcasting and so on;
2. Public Service Agency whose activities are to manage areas including authority to
develop integrated economic area; and
3. Public Service Agency whose activities are to manage special fund including
management of revolving fund, small-medium enterprise fund, loan extension and
employee savings.
Finance Coverage of Public Service Agency
Because of the specific characteristics, Public Service Agency is dealing with specific
regulation that is different from entity of separated state assets (State-owned
Company/Local Government-owned Company). The differences are related to the
following points:
(i) Public Service Agency is formed to improve service to community in order to

promote public welfare and educate nation;
(ii) The asset of Public Service Agency is a part of state/local asset which is managed
and utilized to conduct the relevant Public Service Agency activities;
(iii) Supervision on central government Public Service Agency is conducted by Finance

Minister, and technical supervision is done by a minister responsible for the
relevant administration field;
(iv) Finance supervision on Local Government Public Service Agency is conducted by

officer of local government finance management, and technical supervision is done
by a head of local apparatus work unit responsible for the relevant administration
field;
(v) Each Public Service Agency is obliged to make an annual work plan and budgeting;
(vi) Work plan and budgeting, and financial report and performance report of Public
Service Agency is made and presented as an non-separated part from those of
state/institution/local government;
(vii) Revenue obtained by Public Service Agency resulted from services it provides
becomes the revenue of state/ local government;
(viii) The revenue can be directly used to finance its expenses;
(ix) Public Service Agency can receive donation from community or other institutions;
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(x) Further provision concerning the finance management of Public Service Agency is
regulated in government regulation.
With the new paradigm, it is expected that not only does government unit change into
Public Service Agency, but its service to community can also be professionally,
effectively, and efficiently improved by the administrator of the unit with later given
management autonomy.
Furthermore, based on Internal Affair Ministry Regulation No. 61/2007, on the level of
local government, Local Public Service Agency can be formed. It is Local Apparatus Work
Unit or lower work unit of Local Apparatus Work Unit in local government structure,
which is formed to give service to community by providing it with goods and/or services.
The goods and/or service purchased are not for profit oriented, and in doing the activity;
it is based on efficiency and productivity principles.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Frame of Research & Approachs
The MDGS's 2015 goal is to indemnity the proportion of Indonesian citizen to get the
access to the sources of a safe and protected drinking water source that will persist.
The low level of services of PDAM in West Java happened due to the lack of good
quality water source in terms of quality and quantity, one of its main reason is lack of
raw water source that use nearby the service area of PDAM. The situation that
happens nowadays is the raw water source that utilized by PDAM tends to experience
downfall in terms of quality as well as quality, even if the raw water resource is
available but the position may be far away or lies outside the PDAM area.
The condition of ground water surface (GWS) in Bandung experiences downfall from
5 cm until 7,3 meters per year until 2005, GWS lies around 100 meters subsurface.
(Kompas, 22 April 2005).
The average level of clean water services by PDAM at urban area is up to 51,7% and
at rural area 5,4%. The main difficulty was faced by PDAM is on appropriation
planning, technical weakness, managerial weakness and institutional coordination.
The frailty of interdependency of PDAM to determine the investment program and to

manage project by corporation caused by PDAM whom involves to monetary crisis,
high level of un-accounted for water or leakage.
The high-level of drinking water investment cost each year (until 2015) shall be
provides by budgeting minimum 3,3 trillion rupiah and the institution development
costs as many as US$ 40.
The impact of decentralizes policy with the limit of PDAM authority, which based on
the limit by regency administration region which does not have the raw water source
struck the difficulties to achieve the needs of citizens.
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3.2. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology
PDAM (4 Utilities in Bandung Region) UNEP
IWRM
Technical Financial Institutional Planning
Strategic &
History/Current data Investment Current Institutional of Roadmap
raw water Supply Raw water Management
Operating Cost Environment

Current & Forecast Stakeholders Analysis sustainability
Demand water/ RDS Role & Responsibility & Public
Revenue participation
Management Existing Laws &

Utilization & Tariff Regulation
Protection of water
source
Cost Projection SWOT: Political,
Financial Stakeholder,
Projection Institutional setup
PILOT & DEMONSTRATION ACTION
Result/ Conclusion/ Recommendation:

-Improve Water Resource Management
-Combined Institution & Capacity Building
-Rules, Legitimation & Responsibilities
-Financial Projection & Fund sourcing
- Portfolio of Implementation Project
Water Resource Water Demand Financial Legal Institutional &

Supply Projection Projection Requirement Management
Technical & Management Political/ Public

Projection Study Study Advocacy
Image 3.1. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology
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3.3. Performing Occupation Segmentation
Performing occupation path that utilizing to follow the detail of performing occupation
segmentation that can be seen on image lll.2. Performing steps explanation of occupation
that is as follows:
PREPARATION PHASE
1. As a first step of this activity there will be personnel mobilization. Team member
matches their perception, to understand the task and responsibility on every
positioning.
2. Work schedule is arranged to establish workload and action plan according time and
location that is available. Each executor member needs to understand the task and
work position based on the work schedule.
3. To look for initial information about activities, obstacles and methodology scopes, job
executor has to find data that cover management literature data’s about wastes
control and environment, the role of citizen, and job frame of reference. Literature
study can identify concept, theory, fact, and methodology that are done. Important
variables that will impact the problem would not be failed to notice. Problems would
be solved clearly.
4. Identification of prospective locations and methodology need to be done to get the

picture of management system raw water source and develop PDAM at every study
regions, with component in it. It emphasizes on technical aspect, hydrology’s study,
and Managerial study covers: financial, organization and institute with society
stakeholder and Institution. On this beginning phase was made ready by
methodology that can be applied.
5. Final activity on this phase is advance write-up collation. This reporting words work
schedule, analyze data and methodology that can be applied.
DATA COLLECTING AND ANALYSIS
1. It starts with initial data collecting about service conditions, administration on

PDAMs region and management. Gathered data includes observation data,
interview data with fresh water stakeholder, and regulation data about institute,
raw water source protection, regulation, and law.
2. Formulation of problem and hypothesis have to be done, hence trouble-shooting

effort can be carried on effectively.
3. Location establishment chosen by reassures factors such as territorial as a water

canton and demand cluster, elevation level, condition of topography, at that region.
To choose the location, needs to be done carefully to get a good region, hence can
provide any significant with condition of topography, raw water source deficit that
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currently happening and alternative source that can make raw water source
implemented and fulfilled the method.
4. Survey is done at region already being chosen. Executor surveys will get survey
data about technical aspect and non-technical on PDAMs control and raw water
source management and institutional collaborations scenario. During this activity,
job executor carry on initial works program already been scheduled.
5. Data processing and analysis is done for produce raw data as input of institutional
model development collaboration with exhaustive resource management aspect,
financially, operational technical, law, rules and regulation.
6. Termporary report is made after getting all the obstacles on field, analyses result
data, and surveys on performance at location region.
3.4. Data Collecting method
This research will utilize secondary data from ESP, PDAM is bound up government agency
with water resource, and territorial raw water source survey as well as variety institute or
institution that bound up with this research in terms of Regency level / region city
surveys and also district that is already be determined. In addition this research utilize
stemmed data from literature survey and research that has once been done previously.
3.5. Analysis method
This research utilizes explorative method to answers question. This method has its own
benefits, which is so flexible and unstructured hence it makes easier to get ideas and
suggestion regarding the situation of a problem. Observational approach by using
quantitative approach that strengthens by qualitative approach in analysis. The data that
has been analyzes quantitatively is technique/ operational drinking water management
data, financial, estimation and raw water source projection. Demand cluster and Water
District
3.5.1. Hydro analysis – Geological

Demand Cluster's analysis
Water District's analysis
3.5.2. PDAM Performance Analysis
Analysis and in depth evaluation to 4 PDAM Collaborations (PDAM Bandung, PDAM

Bandung Regency, PDAM Subang Regency, PDAM Sumedang Regency) done by
assessment with performance scoring method which already common and well-known by
PDAM particularly in West Java which is Performance Scoring Method based on Water
Enterprise Performance Assessment (WEPA).
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WEPA Assessment is a corporate achievement estimation that is utilized in corporate

achievement estimation activity that is utilized in achievement activity performance 4
PDAM. This activity began by gathers data and registration into registers data.
Data will be collect at one of PDAM offices of 4 PDAM at Bandung’s curve. Data collecting
result will be analyzed by executor team in corporate achievement Estimation / WEPA
List in forms WEPA Score who will assess:
Services level
Financial
Efficiency
Important functions
Organization
Continuity
Corporate development.
3.5.3. Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) Analysis
SWOT analysis will achieve images of Internal Factor Analysis Strategy (IFAS) and
External Factor Analysis Strategy (EFAS) from every aspect that bound up with:
Water hydrology, Supply & Demand, Legal Regulation, Political study, Stakeholder
community, Financial and Institution
Image. 3.2. SWOT diagram
Internal Strength Weakness

External
Opportunity SO Strategy WO Strategy
Basic of analysis by using SWOT method with the estimation system regarding internal
and external factor that influence the performance of PDAM
Estimation to internal factor as well as external that based upon strategic role and level
of implementation. Both of the factors and the implication itself on PDAM on manage raw
water source in the territorial itself.
The process of analysis from both factors will be done by:
1. Establishing Internal Strategic Factor (IFAS) and External Strategic Factor (EFAS)
that will influence the performance 4 PDAM
2. Scoring implementation to establish weighted (average weights) to figure the

important level of all strategic factor whether internal / external for the one that will
be represented by numeral 0,0 to 10
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3. Scoring implementation to establish rating (level performance) of each strategic

factor both internal & external that established by Likert's scale 1 to 5. (5 =
excellence, 4 = good, 3 = fair, 2 = bad, 1 = poor)
4. Calculating weighted score by add in weighted with rating of each internal strategic
factor as well as external. Afterwards to get Full Scale Weighted, each weighted score
is added. This score figures how well Organizer PDAM responds positive on each
internal strategic factor that show PDAM'S performance in managing raw water
source on its region.
Components that are analyzed in IFAS and EFAS ranges:
Technological aspect, social culture, Law, Region regulation
Management and institutional aspect
Operational Technical aspect
Financial aspect
Managerial aspect
3.5.4. Fishbone analysis (Ishikawa’s diagram)
Fishbone analysis is done to see the map of problem by a phenomenon, if performance of

an institute experiencing reduction through the fishbone analysis, team strategy will
identify the cause of damage / failure / or malfunction of a system. It has to determine
the pattern and organization structure / institutional and critical factor that will be the
key of institutional performance successful. In general, a mock up of diagram can be
seen on image below.
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MATERIAL HUMAN FUND

RESOURCE
Managing water
resources
Raw water source,
Production, Distribution
Performance 4 PDAM
TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
Image. 3.3. Fishbone diagram
3.5.5. Institutional changed approaching (Change Theory)
There are three basic that needed in order to construct source management institution of
raw water source which collaborate by 4 PDAM which are:
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Image 3.4. Change’s triangle
Normative
needs
Institutional
collaboration
PDAM
Real Felt
Needs Needs
a. Felt Needs
The needs of institutional which can be felt by the region with its existence on managing
raw mineral source that locate on many passes of administrations which encourage of
self-demand. There is also the regulation aspect that already available; it has been
comprehend as regulation and instruction in achievement chart and institute
management.
b. Building trust
Trust is needed from each behalf, which has intended in managing raw water source,
production and distribution, element of trust is built horizontally, vertically also diagonal
of all stakeholder that is available.
c. Building consensus
There is the similarity of consensus among PDAM'S Institution, Stakeholder of water

source coordinator in West Java and territorial Bandung's curve. Moreover, the local
Government / regency where each PDAM lies to be able to synergetic the demands, role,
and function of institution concerning regarding raw water source management in
intermediate meter and length.
3.6. Implementation plan
1. On this phase, it has been done the implementation and installation by model and
technical help of solution that have already been arranged through technical training
and socialization that continually being done.
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2. The support of potential process and the collaboration for institutional development
of 4 PDAMs are being done by all policy taker levels in all regions.
3. Job executor carry out their works based on the programs that already scheduled at
field. During the execution, inspection is continually being done. It is meant to
protect the activity that is done in order to correspond the purpose of the activity.
4. After the execution time finished, the executor coordinates the natural resource that
proprietary and falls from that region. Counseling are given to local citizen to be
aware of the level of competency policy and fundamental region industries can be
perform.
5. Final draft report is arranged and turned over to supplier. This report consists of
several implementation activities that have been done.
3.7. Evaluation & Monitoring
1. The evaluation from all study activity and action plan will be done on this final phase,
also preparing relevant framework with the plan of strategic activities. Hereafter
there will be arranged a monitoring and evaluation pattern that will continually be
monitored by all parties.
2. The Last step is creating the book technical guidance and final reporting collation.
3.8. Data Requirements and Sources
Data type Data source

Water Resource study for the target including: ESP – USAID
Primary and secondary is description and data analysis PDAM 4 Region
Hydrology and Hydrogeology characteristics PSDA Citarum WRECK
Raw water protection requirements On duty room manner
General Director of
Geology
Water Demand Projection study for target including: PDAM
Population projection linked with water consumption Latest Study
patterns Outline Plan
Potential Water supply systems Master Plan
Financial projection study for target including: PDAM
Cost estimate for water source development Latest Study
Identification of potential financing streams Outline Plan
Master Plan
Institutional Management study, including: ESP – USAID
Identification and comparison of different institutional PDAM 4 Region
options
Conclusions and recommendations from stakeholders
workshops
Legal requirements and procedures for forming the legal ESP – USAID
entity PDAM 4 Region for law
Local government /
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PILOTING MODEL FOR COLLABORATION AMONG PDAMs IN WEST JAVA FOR IMPROVED RAW WATER MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER IV
GENERAL VIEW OF
REGION
4. 1. REGION PROFILE
4.1.1. BANDUNG CITY
4.1.1.1. Geographical Conditions & Territorial Administration
Bandung is a capital city of West Java, in terms of National and International viewpoint it
0 0
is an illustration of West Java. Bandung city lies on co-ordinate: 6 50 ’ 38 ” 6 58 ’ 50
0 0
” South transversal and 107 33 ’ 34 ” 107 43 ’ 50 ” West longways constitute in inner
city those are on plateaus (lies in the heigh of 675 – 1050 meters above the sea surface
level). Nature in Bandung that has a basin shape has hills morphology at northern and
terrain at austral.
Bandung consists in Outflow River Area upper side of Citarum. Nationally, the DPS is
essential because it is one of the main distributors of Saguling and Cirata rivers, which
are utilized as a power plant, agricultural, etcetera. Geographically, Bandung is close
enough to Jakarta as capital of State and Commerce center, which enables Bandung to
expand faster on development area. The tremendous development of Bandung for the
last couple years were shown from the outgrowth of economical aspect and social as well
as territorial spatial exploit aspect.
City administration Bandung area is 16.729 Ha, before year 2007 consists of 26 districts
and 139 sub-districts / villages, meanwhile currently experiences enfoldment become 30
districts and 151 sub-districts.
The location of Bandung is relatively strategic and it can be seen from the communication
sector, economics sector and security, as a consequence of:
• Bandung city lays in highway axis encounter:
- Western – East facilitates relationship with State Capital
- Northern – south assist traffic to the plantation region (Subang and Pangalengan)
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• Position that does not insulated and through excellent communication will help
security agency to go to every corner.
For further information regarding orientation and the border of Bandung Administration
can be seen on image 4.1.
Image 4.1. Bandung Administration Map
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4.1.1.2. Morphology
According to topography, Bandung lies in heigh of 791 meters above the sea surface
level, the highest point is at north with a height of 1.050 meters and the lowest point is
at south with 675 meters above the sea level. From the south until middle part region of
Bandung, the soils are relatively on the surface level meanwhile the north area is hilly
region. Based on this, person can see the panorama of Bandung from the hills.
Based on regional morphology, Bandung lies in the middle of “Bandung Basin” that have
extent dimension of 233.000 Ha. The curve is surrounded by hills and volcano. The
picture of Bandung Basin from satellite can be seen on image 2.2 and image 2.3, it
shows the morphology diagram blocks of Bandung.
Main River in Bandung is Citarum River with their confluent, such as Cikapundung River,
Cimahi River, Cibeureum River, Cirosea River, Cidawolong River, Cikeruh River, Citarik
River. Citarum River upstream exists on top bevels of Malabar Mountain and Halimun
Mountain in Kertasari Regency. The rivers that lies around top Malabar Mountain and
Halimun Mountain generally constitutes “eternal river”, where water sprout every year.
During dry season, River flows come from wellspring - wellspring and ground water
seepage those are on a part upstream. Meanwhile river those are a drift from east can’t
partly constitute intermitten’s river, a dry river at dry season.
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Image 4.2 Picture of Bandung Basin from Satellite
4.1.1.3. Geology
Geology
Rocks that exists on survey's region are as follows:
• Aluvial's sediment
Consists of TALUS sediment (sediment from cliff), lake alluvia sediment and alluvial
river. TALUS sediment formed by gravel, unlike lake alluvial sediment and river
formed by sand, gravel, silt and clay.
• Young Volcano Sediment
Consists of volcano activities production, such as tufa sand, tufa clay, and breecs.
This sediment is found in volcano’s peak (Halimun Mountain, Malabar Mountain) to
the edge, which bordered with aluvial sediment.
• Volcano Breecs Sediment
It is dominated by andesit’s breecs sediment. These rocks are found in hills area in
Banjaran-Arjasari region and Pameungpeuk, also in west part of Soreang.
• Unbreakable Volcano Breecs Sediment
It is old volcano sediment that consists of pyroclastic’s and lava. These rocks are
found in slope valley Citarik river (Cicalengka).
• Breakthrough Rocks
Breakthrough rock (andesit) can be found limited at Malabar around Malabar
mountain and Patuha mountain peak.
Bandung Geological Map and its vicinity are shown on Image 4.3 and on Image 4.4
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Image 4.3 Bandung Geological Map.
Image 4.4. Bandung Basin Geological Map, appears that Cities surface part Bandung
covered by lake sediment, fluvial sediment and volcanic sediment.
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4.1.1.4. Climatology
Bandung climate is influenced by moist mountain climate and balmy. Average Monthly
rain in Bandung are around 3000 – 3500 mm. Rainy season is occured on October until
May, meanwhile dry season is occured on June until September. Air temperature average
range are 26 o C - 32o C, meanwhile air humidity range are 60 % to 80 %.
Raining condition picture at Territorial Bandung Basin is shown on Image 4.5.
Image 4.5. Condition of Climatology at Bandung Basin territorial. (source: Dpt PU-
IWACO-WASECO, 1991).
Outgrow potency or ground water content somewhere will really depend upon
hidrogeloogy's local condition, for example type or aquifer compiler rocks, configuration
(thick, spread, form, etc.) aquifer, topography, rain, and utilized farm.
4.1.1.5. Demography
Bandung population based on data in 2006 is 2.270.970. That number determine

resident growth rate as big as 1,72%. As we described in above section, on 2007 there
has been unfoldment from 26 districts to 30 districts. But then with current caught data,
still utilize antecedent region condition.
Table 4.1. Population based on District and Density on 2005
Population Total Density (Person/

No Districts
(Person) Family Ha)
1 Bandung Kulon 125.929 22.773 179
2 Babakan Ciparay 127.151 29.191 162
3 Bojongloa Kaler 118.948 25.381 387
4 Bojongloa Kidul 74.626 11.297 120
5 Astanaanyar 73.993 14.438 246
6 Regol 78.690 15.539 174
FINAL REPORT - 34 -
Population Total Density (Person/

No Districts
(Person) Family Ha)
7 Lengkong 74.621 13.889 126
8 Bandung Kidul 50.119 10.201 66
9 Margacinta 118.299 21.659 98
10 Rancasari 64.659 13.885 30
11 Cibiru 79.968 15.877 60
12 Ujungberung 77.096 16.946 60
13 Arcamanik 62.777 13.591 66
14 Cicadas 97.561 21.883 102
15 Kiaracondong 125.600 26.091 195
16 Batununggal 121.650 25.522 220
17 Sumur Bandung 40.594 8.987 119
18 Andir 95.447 19.066 231
19 Cicendo 102.139 20.931 147
20 Bandung Wetan 33.404 8.169 99
21 Cibeunying Kidul 109.337 21.717 194
22 Cibeunying Kaler 70.546 15.211 270
23 Coblong 122.161 21.363 158
24 Sukajadi 100.943 17.893 250
25 Sukasari 77.750 14.682 120
26 Cidadap 46.962 10.296 64
Total 2.270.970
Source: Bandung In 2005
4.1.1.6. Economic Structure
Economic growth constitutes a picture that shows progress of development or

decreasement economy that formed a region based on various kind of economic sector.
This indicator, is an essential ingredient to know whether the development has been
succesful and beneficent to determine development in the future.
To see fluctuation of economic growth, represented by showing PDRB’s data based on

basic periodic price. Positive growth points out to mark sense economics development,
on the contrary if negative points out decreasement.
FINAL REPORT - 35 -
Table 4.2. Economic growth of Bandung Distric in 2005

LPE (%) District Total
≤ 5,99 - -
6,00 – 6,99 Cicadas, Ujungberung, Bandung Kulon, Arcamanik 4
7,00 – 7,99 Bandung Wetan, Cibeunying Kidul, Cibiru, 16

Batununggal, Rancasari, Margacinta, Bojongloa
Kidul, Sukasari, Bojongloa Kaler, Kiaracondong,
Bandung Kidul, Cibeunying Kaler, Babakan Ciparay,
Sukajadi, Cicendo, Cidadap
≥ 8,00 Regol, Coblong, Sumur Bandung, Lengkong, Astana 6
Anyar, Andir
Table above show economic growth all district in Bandung in 2005. According to this
table is known that districts at Bandung on year 2005 have economic growth number
upon six percents.
4.1.2. Bandung Regency

4.1.2.1. Condition of Geographic and Administration
Geographically Bandung Regency lies between 6°41 ’ until 7°19 ’ South transversal and
107°22 ’ until 108°5 ’ East Longways.
Based on administrative, Bandung Regency has region which border as follows:

Northern with Purwakarta Regency and Subang Regency
Eastern with Sumedang Regency and Garut Regency
Southern with Cianjur Regency and Garut Regency
Western with Cianjur Regency
Middle part with Bandung Municipality.
With landmass 287.457 Ha, the geographical condition of Bandung Regency is strategic
to gain benefit for Bandung Regency especially on communication.
4.1.2.2. Morphology
Basically almost all regions according to their regional morphology turn in to Bandung
Regency. (See Image 2.2 and Image 2.3). The regions surrounded by Tangkuban Perahu
Mountain at Northern, with its top for example Burangrang Mountain 2076 m above
water level (awl), Tangkubanperahu Mountain (2064 m.awl), Manglayang Mountain
(1800 m.awl), and Bukit Jarian Mountain (1282 m.awl).
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The Citarum River which is in Northern Bandung is the main river here, their confluent
are Cimahi River, Cibeureum River, Cikapundung River, Cipamokolan River, Cikeruh River
and Citarik River. Those rivers have leaf form flow pattern (subdendritic).
Bandung based on their morphology is divided by 3 (three) units which are plain, hills,
and volcanoes.
Nature landscape sketch of” Bandung Basin” is shown on Image 4.6
Image 4.6. Bandung Regency Administration Map
FINAL REPORT - 37 -
Image 4.7. Nature Landscape sketch of Bandung Basin, where a large part its region
most turns in at Bandung Regency region. Cimahi's and Bandung lies at Bandung Basin
in the middle part.
4.1.2.3. Geology
Geological condition information at Bandung Regency is gotten based on Bandung

Geology Map - Directorate Geological Bandung. Condition of geology planning region
based on litholog’s characteristic (Image 2 9), can be described as follows:
Tertiary Sediment, This unity is the eldest unity that is found. The revealed at South
part are being affected by significant volcano that consists of volcano’s breccs, lava, and
volcano conglomerate. At its underside as oceanic sediment, consisting of limestone,
naphal, clay, and limestone quartz.
The result of an Old Volcano, this unity consists of interval between volcano’s breccs,
vent and lava. The breccs components are andesit and dropsy. Spreading in North
Bandung region is known as Formation (F.) Cikapundung, which found at Dago region
and around Cikapundung River towards Manglayang Mountain. Another spreading can be
found at Soreang region, Majalaya
The result of a young Volcano, this unity consists of volcano’s breccs, laphili, lava, and
tufa sand, constitutes the result of volcano’s activities; Tangkubanperahu mountain,
Tampomas mountain, Malabar mountain, and Mandalawangi mountain. The spread of
breecs unity in Northern Bandung district as known as Cibeureum formation and Cikidang
formation.
• Cibeureum Formation, consist of reviewing sequences of volcano breccs to tufa,

each of sequence smoothing upper. The spread of this formation to the South, fan
and fingering form become tufa silt rock, and tufa sand rock. This formation has
thikness to 180 m, and has Plistosen Atas – Holosen old.
• Cikidang Formation, consist of melting lava basal, volcano conglomerate, rough

tufa, and volcano breccs. The stream of lava can be seen along Cikapundung river
cliff, Cibeureum river dan Cimahi which have thikness among 8 - 16 metres. This
formation has Holosen old. The others are spreading from this young volcano placed
around Manglayang mountain, Malabar mountain, and Mandalawangi mountain.
• Aluvial Sediment dan Vulcano’s clastic rock, which known as Cibeureum

formation is arranged by repetition between breksi volcano breccs and tufa. This
formation is Pleistosen old and thickness about 180 m.
• Kosambi Formation or which has been known as lake’s sediment, the breccs
consist of tufa clay, tufa silt, tufa sand, and tufa gravel. The thickness of this
formation less than 125 m with spreading placed in the middle of survey area.
FINAL REPORT - 38 -
Colluviums, this unity formed from the result of volcano’s ruin, consist of frozen breccs
pieces, tufa sand rock, and tufa clay. The spead is placed in Northern survey area.
Image 4.8. Bandung’s Basin Geological Map. West middle part of Bandung’s basin is
placed by aluvial sediment of the river and lake, Sothern is covered by young volcanic
sediment, whereas Western placed by Tertiary sediment.
4.1.2.4. Climatology
Cimahi's is tropic climate, featured by marks sense dry season up to month of June –
rain season occured from September until May. Annual rains average in any region at
surrounding study’s region depends on surface soil elevation. On elevation + 700 - 850
meters, varying rain among 1700 3000 mm / years, meanwhile on elevation>650 until
top mountains (+3000 m) rain reaches 3000-4000 mm / Years. Raining variation
average annually and monthly on studys region area is shown in advance on Image 4.8.
FINAL REPORT - 39 -
4.1.2.5. Demography
Bandung regency constitutes one of the biggest regency in West Java, which is as big as
327.434 Ha. Bandung’s Regency population on year 2006 registered as 4.399.788.
Average citizen density at Bandung Regency is 1.391 people / km2. Supreme density is
at Margahayu's district as big as 10.522 people / km2 and the lowest is at Pasirjambu's
districts as big as 314 people / km2. Detail information can be seen on table below.
Table 4.3.
Terminological Population District and Density in Year 2006
Density
No District Total Population
(Person/Km2)
1. Ciwidey 75.795 1.476
2. Rancabali 49.288 326
3. Pasirjambu 74.440 314
4. Cimaung 70.450 1.244
5. Pangalengan 135.901 675
6. Kertasari 66.082 422
7. Pacet 98.891 1.044
8. Ibun 72.124 1.283
9. Paseh 111.118 1.852
10. Cikancung 74.417 1.782
11. Cicalengka 102.063 2.778
12. Nagreg 46.103 921
13. Rancaekek 155.188 3.326
14. Majalaya 149.817 5.735
15. Solokan Jeruk 75.942 3.071
16. Ciparay 142.054 2.987
17. Baleendah 178.153 4.136
18. Arjasari 87.243 1.303
19. Banjaran 105.259 2.381
20. Cangkuang 56.603 920
21. Pameungpeuk 62.717 4.164
22. Katapang 122.344 5.613
23. Soreang 147.783 2.130
24. Cililin 84.732 1200
25. Cihampelas 97.921 2.039
26. Sindangkerta 62.961 508
27. Gununghalu 72.551 438
28. Rongga 56.000 481
29. Cipongkor 82.210 1.048
FINAL REPORT - 40 -
Density
No District Total Population
(Person/Km2)
30. Batujajar 106.823 1.239
31. Margaasih 119.416 6.453
32. Margahayu 114.593 10.552
33. Dayeuhkolot 113.110 9.958
34. Bojongsoang 79.128 2.810
35. Cileunyi 125.640 3.863
36. Cilengkrang 40.486 1.314
37. Cimenyan 90.699 1.665
38. Lembang 161.313 1.594
39. Parongpong 84.783 1.897
40. Cisarua 62.211 1.091
41. Ngamprah 133.175 3.583
42. Padalarang 148.393 2.793
43. Cipatat 117.649 910
44. Cipeundeuy 77.307 741
45. Cikalong Wetan 108.910 943
Total 4.274.431 1.391
Source: BPS Bandung Regency 2005
4.1.3. SUMEDANG REGENCY

4.1.3.1. Geographical Condition and District Administration
Geographically Sumedang regency lies on position 107°44’ East Transversal dan 6°15’ -
7°83’ Soth Longways with administrative distric border as follow:
¾ Northern with Indramayu Regency

¾ Western with Bandung Regency
¾ Eastern with Majalengka Regency
¾ Southern with Kuningan Regency
Landmass of Sumedang Regency is 152.220 ha. Administratively the government

authority, Sumedang regency district consist of 26 districts area (kecamatan).
To see it clearly about orientation and the border of administrative Sumedang regency
FINAL REPORT - 41 -
Image. 4.9. Administration Sumedang Regency Map
4.1.3.2. Physical Condition of Area
A. Topography
Based on topography map interpretation Sumedang regency district can be devided by 5

morphology unity, namely:
a. High Land: The heigh is 400 – 676 meter above surface of sea level, arranged by
aluvium and olovium sediment. This land can be utilized for paddy farm, agricultural
field, plantation and estate.
b. Relative smooth hills: The approximate height is 100 – 900 meters above surface of
sea level, with the mountain slope of 5% - 15%, the arrange of rocks are pumice,
tufa sand rock, sand rock, clay rock, nafal and volcanic sediment. The pattern of
river flow basically parallel and leaf formed, they can be utilized by paddy farm,
plantation, agricultural field, resident and bush.
c. Rellative medium smooth hills: The approximate heigh of 600 – 1400 meters above
surface of sea level, with the incline slope of 15% - 30%. Rocks formed are breccs,
lava and sand rocks. The paterrn of river stream basically leaf formed and gush.
The utilization of land for plantation, farm, resident, bush and forest conservation.
d. Rough relief hills: The height about 1000 – 1667 meters from sea surface with the
slope 30% - 70%. The arrangement of rocks are lava, breccs, and anglomerate.
FINAL REPORT - 42 -
Generally the utilization of land for forest conservation and resident (tea, rubber)
with the gush river flow pattern.
e. Volcano’s cone: The slope about 30% – 70% which to the lower land will be slope
slightly and the slope is steep. The arrangement of rocks are breccs and generally
the utilization of land for forest conservation and on the hill for farm and.
River flow pattern, which exist in this area is dendritic pattern, which big rivers form the
small branch river and each small branch river form to other branches. But generally
river’s flow, which are exist in this area divided into 2 groups, there are Cimanuk and
Cipeles rivers. Although, this Cipeles flow constitute branch of Cimanuk river. From the
flows of the small and the big river where located in Sumedang Regency form the pattern
of DAS (River Flow Area). Globally, DAS in this area is divided into 6 Sub DAS, there are
Sub DAS of Citarik, Cipeles, Cipunagara, Cipelang, Cimanuk dan Sub DAS of Cilutung.
Topography Map of Sumedang Regency can be seen on Image 4.10, Morphology Block
Diagram Sumedang Regency can be seen on Image 4.11
Image 4.10. Sumedang Regency Topography Map
FINAL REPORT - 43 -
Image 4.11. Sumedang Regency Topography Map
B. Geology
Based on Sumedang Geological Map (Bandung Geological directorate), rocks that exists
at Sumedang Regency area, can be stated as follows.
Tertiary Sediment, This unity is the oldest unity that revealed at East and North
Sumedang Regency, found like in Buah, Dua, Conggeang and Cadangampar area.
The result of Tertiary Volcano, this unity consists of interval between breccs volcano,
and lava. The breccs components are andesit and dropsy. The Spreading can be found
around Cadasngampar area.
FINAL REPORT - 44 -
Image 4.12. Sumedang Regency Geology Map
The result of an Old Volcano, this unity consists of interval between volcano’s breccs,
and lava. The bricks components are andesit and dropsy. Spreading can be found around
Rancakalong, Tanjungkerta, Darmaraja dan Wado.
The result of a young Volcano, this unity consists of volcano breccs, lavili, lava, and
sand, constitutes the result of volcano’s activities; Kareumbi and Tampomas mountain.
The spreading of breccs unity are dominated in the Middle and Southern Sumedang
Regency.
Aluvium/ coluvium, this unity is formed by the result of the ruins of volcano’s activities
consist of frozen rock pieces, tufa sand rock, and tufa clay. The Spreading can be found
along big river flow like Cipeles, Cipungkur dan Cikeruh area.
C. Climatology
Rainfall record is + 2.242 mm/year, and average of the highest monthly rainfall occured
on January for 395,8 mm and the lowest occured on July for 36 mm. The enormous
FINAL REPORT - 45 -
rainfall days occured on January for 22 days and the smallest oiccured on July for 3 or 5
days.
4.1.3.3. Population
In the development, one of the most important assets in developing are population and
employee. The amount of Sumedang Regency population in 2006 is about 1.066.426
persons with the sex ratio 97,25. In detail can be seen on the table below.
Table 4.4. The Amount of Population According to District Population Density in

2006
The Amount Population
Head of
No District of Population Density
Family
(Person) (Person/Km2)
1. Jatinangor 92.212 28.544 3.452
2. Cimanggung 71.843 22.224 1.729
3. Tanjungsari 67.230 20.470 1.851
4. Sukasari 30.223 9.328 629
5. Pamulihan 50.504 15.600 856
6. Rancakalong 38.085 11.520 714
7. Sumedang Selatan 73.643 22.528 615
8. Sumedang Utara 81.942 25.136 2.844
9. Ganeas 23.628 7.296 1.085
10. Situraja 36.333 11.088 659
11. Cisitu 26.919 5.384 1.298
12. Darmaraja 38.652 11.952 690
13. Cibugel 20.753 6.400 417
14. Wado 44.377 13.568 569
15. Jatinunggal 42.410 13.120 676
16. Jatigede 25.092 7.680 220
17. Tomo 23.786 7.296 352
18. Ujungjaya 30.790 9.472 375
19. Conggeang 30.542 9.424 284
20. Paseh 37.380 11.424 1.067
21. Cimalaka 56.709 17.088 1.337
22. Cisarua 20.556 6.016 1.065
23. Tanjungkerta 33.782 10.272 825
24. Tanjungmedar 24.490 7.552 369
25. Buahdua 32.961 8.256 246
26. Surian 11.585 3.584 224
Total 1.066.426 325.158 687
Source : BPS Sumedang Regency 2006
FINAL REPORT - 46 -
4.1.3.4. Land Utilization Arrangement
Based on data of Sumedang Regency on number in 2006 the width of land in Sumedang
Regency is 152.220 Ha. The use of land most of them are state with the width 44.473 Ha
or 29,22 % from the width of Sumedang Regency, and the width for resident are 11.468
Ha or 7,53 %.
Table 4.5. The use of land in Sumedang Regency in 2005
2005
No. Kind of use Width
%
(Ha)
1 Sawah 33.460 21,98
2 Pekarangan 11.468 7,53
3 Tegal / Kebun 33.544 22,04
4 Ladang / Huma 8.727 5,73
5 Sementara tidak diusahakan 55 0,036

6 Hutan Rakyat 13.658 8,97
7 Hutan Negara 44.473 29,22
8 Perkebunan 3.711 2,44
10 Kolam/Tebat/Empang 2.512 1,65
11 Lain-lain 612 0,40
Jumlah 152.220 100
Source : Sumedang Regency in number, 2006
4.1.4. Subang Regency

4.1.4.1 Geographical Condition
Subang Regency lies on the North of West Java, which is located on geograpical site
between 107° 29’ 00” – 107° 51’ 30” East tranversal dan 6° 12’ 50” - 6° 49’ 50” South
longways. Based on the regulation number 4 year 1968 about establishment of Subang
Regency, administratif border area of Subang Regency are on the North with Java Sea,
on the South with Bandung Regency, on the East with Sumedang Regency and
Indramayu Regency, and on the West with Purwakarta regency and Karawang Regency.
The width of Subang Regency is 205. 176 ha. or 4,64% from the width West Java
Province.
Based on topography, in general Subang Regency is divided into 3 (three) morphology

zones, there are mountain area, flat land area, and beach. The average temperature of
Subang Regency is variety. In mountain area the average temperature between 21°-
27°C, and in beach area about 30°-33°C, with the humidity between 72% - 91%. Rainfall
average achieves 1.600 mm - 3000 mm/year, with the average of dry season for 4
months.
FINAL REPORT - 47 -
4.1.4.2. Geomorphological Condition
Based on physiography shared of West Java by Van Bemmelen, reseach area is a part of
beach lower flat land of Jakarta zone (land of Northern aluvium Weast java). Bogor
Zone (anticlinorium Bogor), Bandung Zone (Middle depression zone of West Java).
Morphological form research area in general constitute part of morphological volcanic unit
with the height of 200 metres to 3000 metres above the sea surface level.
Based on physiography shared of West Java, reseach area in Subang Regency constitute
part of Bogor Zone, Bandung Zone dan beach lower flat land of Jakarta Zone. beach
lower flat land of Jakarta zone start from the West edge of Java Island straight to the
East follow the North Beach of West Java to Cirebon City, with 40 km wide. This area
generally has flat morphology. Most of them are covered by river sediment and the rest
by lava sediment of young volcano.
Bogor Zone is located on the South of beach lower flat lower land of Jakarta zone. This
area stretches from West to East Bogor City, Purwakarta City and continue to Bumiayu.
Bogor Zone is an anticlinorium from the Neogen cluster, which strong folded and
including several intrution. Western of Bogor zone stretch to the West – East and curve
to North and Eastern to the West – South West to the East – South East and surrounded
by young volcano. According to Martodjojo (1984, in Sardjono,1991), Bogor zone
generally has morphology on hills stretch to West – East around Bogor City and on the
East Purwakarta this hills turn to South form curve around Kadipaten. Intrution
morphology that have been exist generally posses relief more steep compared by
intrution body in Bandung zone located in South. Generally, the main rivers flow from
South to the North and river branch in the folded area most of them has subsequent
characteristic to the folded area.
Bandung Zone constitute depression to each mountain which made a basin longitudinal
belt from Pelabuhan Ratu accross Cimandiri valley, Cianjur, Bandung, and Garut to the
Citandui valley and end in Segara Anakan. On the land border between Bogor zone and
Bandung zone is not clear because covered by young volcano sediment.
Beach lower flat land of Jakarta zone start from the West edge of Java Island straight to
the East follow the North Beach of West Java to Cirebon City, with 40 km wide. This area
generally has flat morphology. Most of them are covered by river sediment and the rest
by lava sediment of young volcano.
Morphology of reseach area which include in Segalaherang, Jalan Cagak, dan Cisalak
district in general constitute part of volcano morphology which is influenced by
Burangrang and Tangkuban Perahu mountain. Morphology of reseach area in general
constitutes unity part of volcano morphology from Tangkuban Perahu dan Burangrang
FINAL REPORT - 48 -
mountain. Morphology of reseach area can be devided to several kinds of morphology,

they are:
a. Volcano’s Peak
This morphology unit place North West part of landscaping area. Analyisis of topography
map to this morphology unit is shown by spreading dense contour line, narrow and quite
longer. This unit condition look clearly to show the differences to surrounding area or to
other units in the research area. This part constitute volcano’s peak which in the height
about 1700 m – 2300 m above sea surface level. Generally, on this volcano’s peak is
arranged by volcanic materials like bomb, tufa, and volcanic sediment which have
separated characterictics.
The valleys, which lie on this unit form like the letter ”v” and have mountain slope are
very steep. This unit has high disection that pointed density of each valley distance.
b. Volcano’s Slope
This morphology unit lies Southern rsearch area and constitute below part from volcano’s
peak unit. It can be seen on topography Map, spreading contour line to form typical
pattern of tongue and radial.
In general, volcano’s slope lies on the height 800 m – 1700 m above sea surface level.
This volcano’s slope has declining slope about 150 – 450 and set by litology like sand
sediment, lava breccs, and magma breccs.
On the height about 1700 m – 1400 m above sea surface level constitute upper slope
part. On the upper slope part, rainfall water absorb directly to the below surface which
influenced by the nature of litology which pass water and can be found small branch of
river which retain surface water the function as the rainfall catchment area.
Image. 4.13. The feature on the volcanic slope which has been used as tea
plantation in Ciater area
FINAL REPORT - 49 -
On the height about 1400 m – 1000 m above sea surface level constitute the middle part
of slope. In this middle part generally arranged by young volcanic material such as sand
material, lava sediment, and lava breccs. River’s line can be found in upper stream from
Sub DAS (river flow area) Cilamaya dan Ciasem in the South East part and in several
places found spring or leaking out of soil water. This area constitute rainfall catchment
area for ground water availability for area below them. In the middle part of slope in
several places has changed land become plantation, resident, and tourism area.
On the height about 1000 m – 800 m above surface of sea level constitute down slopr
area which arranged by sand material and lava’s breccs. In this area also constitute
rainfall catchment area and can be found river’s line which have perennial nature or
flowing along years. In the down slope part can be found spring formed sequence of
spring/spring belt which is generally used by society to fulfill household and farm needs.
In the down slope part, the depth soil water surface can be found about 10 m – 12 m
deep. In this area also constitute rainfall catchment area for soil water availability. The
utilization of land in this area generally is as farming and resident land.
c. The foot of volcano
This morphology unit located in the middle to the North research area and constitute
below part of volcano’s slope. The contour spreading pattern generally show stretching
mountain or stuck out straight but slope slightly to the North. From the pattern which is
shown by contour line, can be predicted that the gradient changing generally small and
resemble. This morphology unit cover the cone of parasiter volcano. This morphology
unit constitute the result of the cone of volcano and parasiter activities.
The foot of volcano can be found on the height about 350 m – 800 m on the sea surface
level which arranged by clay – sand from the volcanic activities material. In this area,
the depth of ground water surface relatively shallow between 2 m – 5 m. The utilization
of land on this morphology covers the agricultural such as paddy farm and tea plantation.
d. Volcano’s land
This volcano’s land unit is located in the middle of research area which cover area of
Sarireja, Tambakan, Cimanglid, and surouund them. This volcano’s land morphology unit
is located on the elevation about 500 m – 650m. On the Northern volcano’s land is
bordered by Cijambe Hills.
e. Volcanic’s hills
This morphology on the Sout East part of research area and this morphology expressed
by radial contour as if arise on the slope and foot of a volcano. Volcano which has arised
in one volcano’s body which has been existed to be called parasiter volcano.
FINAL REPORT - 50 -
This unit has elevation between 350 m – 500 m, with slope between 27 – 40 %. The
processes which happened to this morphology unit are rotten, eruption, and landslide.
Big rivers can’t be found, but there are little line which constitute line flow from upper to
down part.
4.1.4.3. Geological Condition
Research area which include in Segalaherang, Jalan Cagak, dan Cisalak district area
generally arranged by rocks from the result of volcanic activities. The units of rock which
arranged research area can be divided by several litology’s unit, they are:
a. Lava Breccs
This lava bricks sediment located in Eastern South part research area. The form of
spread along to the North with many spread out. The spread of this andesit unit form
mountain stuck out straight pattern and give the feature like flow pattern. Labelling this
unit based on arrangement of litology there are rocks with andesit – basaltic fragment
which was planted to the matrics as mineral have the basalt nature.
From the revaealed which have been obtain in the field, the rocks on litology unit shows
grey to blackness color, compac dan massive, consist of aphanitic and phenocris basic
mass observed mineral as plagioclas. On the top, there are gas cavities and the feature
breccs and slabs. These rocks unit are formed from lava flow which then they are settled.
Consequences of flow and sediment, so the flow will be autobrecciated.
Image 4.14. The figure of breccs lava near Cilele Spring,
Kecamatan Jalan Cagak
FINAL REPORT - 51 -
b. Lava
This lave sediment unit revealed well in the research area. Name given this unit based on
arranged litology mainly is lava. This unit spread in the middle of landscaping.
This litology unit is placed in the high topography area which constitute slope to the
volcano’s peak. Lateral Spreading from this unit wide and thick enough. This lava
sediment unit shows grey to blakness color, porphyroaphanitic texture, compac dan
massive, consist of aphanitic and phenocris basic mass observed mineral as plagioklas,
phyrocsen, and opaque mineral. In this unit can be found slab of stone and contain many
gas cavities. This reflects that process of formed rock unit is stream lava. On the
revealed lava sediment can be found solid lava revealed.
Image 4.15. the figure of lava sediment with solid structure pieces in Ciater
area.
Image 4.16. the figure of revealed lava with solid structure
FINAL REPORT - 52 -
c. Cavity Basalt
Name given on this litology unit based on arrangement of litology like frozen basalt rock
which show physical nature have many air cavities and have spread out widely. The
revealed of cavity basalt unit can be found spread in the surface with cavity basalt form
in blocks group and often in water incision line. The revealed has been many rotten and
shows black to browness color.
The unit of cavity basalt megascopiscally show the physical nature coloured gray,
compact dan massive, has many air cavities, porphyroaphanitic texture, contining
mineral like basic mass aphanit and phenocris observed mineral as plagioklas, phyrocsen,
and opaque mineral.
Gambar 4.17. the figure of lava basalt cavity
4.1.4.4. Population
In general the population in research Area Subang Resident in the terms of border in
upper-down steam sub DAS Cilamaya, Ciasem, and Cipunagara are as follows:
- Kec. Jalan Cagak has width area 122 Km² and the amount of population 73.224
persons with density 627 persons/ Km².
- Kec. Sagalaherang has width area 125 Km² and the amount of population 48.849
persons with density 408 persons / Km².
- Kec. Cisalak has width area 104 Km² and the amount of population 49.711 persons
with density 498 persons / Km².
- Kec. Cijambe has width area 108.25 Km² and the amount of population 36.675
persons with density 498 persons / Km².
FINAL REPORT - 53 -
PILOTING MODEL FOR COLLABORATION AMONG PDAM’S IN WEST JAVA FOR IMPROVED RAW WATER MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER V
The Condition Of
Water Resources
5.1. THE CONDITION OF HYDROGEOLOGY
Hydrogeology condition in the research site refers to the result of Hydrogeology research which
encompasses 2 (two) sheets of Hydrogeology maps (scale 1 : 250,000), i.e : Bandung’s and
Cirebon’s.
5.1.1. Bandung’s Sheet (SOETRISNO ; 1983)
The sheet of Bandung, discussing the condition of hydrogeology, which is located in the central and
south of West Java, comprises the cities of Bandung, Cimahi, Tasikmalaya, Banjar, Bandung
Regency, Sumedang Regency, Sumedang, Garut Regency, Tasikmalaya Regency, Ciamis Regency,
Kuningan Regency and a part of Majalengka Regency (southern part).
Most part of morphology on this sheet are dominated with hills and mountains range, and active
volcanoes and only a little part as land, i.e. Bandung Basin, Garut Basin and Cikijing Depression,
and the seashore around Pangandaran – Cijulang.
The Hydrogeology of Bandung Sheet (Soetrisno, 1983) can be devided into 5 mendala of
groundwater based on the morphology condition, geology and the existance of groundwater, i.e:
The mendala groundwater in the land of seashore and river; which is spread on the southern
and eastern part of the map sheet, i.e the area around Citanduy River, Cileduk and
Pangandaran Beach. The level of free groundwater in this mendala is commonly shallow with a
little fluctuation. The low productive groundwater is in the depth of 20 - 40 m on the sandy
layer (under alluvial van). In the seashore, the aquifer of this land which relatively has high
passing (medium to soft sand) can cause the seepage of the seawater if decrease of
groundwater base is under the sea level, some of the present springs have debits of <10
lt/second.
Mendala of groundwater of the mountain basin especially discusses about Bandung Basin and
Garut Basin. Around Bandung, we know there are 3 main aquifer: swallow aquifer which
reacher the depth of 35 m, medium aquifer between 35 to 100 m and deep aquifer which
reaches more than 100 m (it is usually artisant/depressed), which have medium to high
productivitiy (between 5 liters/second – 10 liters/second). The flow of its groundwater moves
from from north to south. It is different with Bandung, in Garut Basin, the depressed water
FINAL REPORT - 54 -
ground can be found in the dept of 35 – 85 m and it has high productivity (it can reach up to
750 liters/second).
Mendala of groundwater from strato volcanoes; it is spread in the northern Bandung, southern
Garut and northern Tasikmalaya – Ciamis. The aquifer formatted has high productivity. Rate of
flow of spring produced is very high, especially in the bend of mountain slope. Some springs
spread around this area has a debit of 100 – 500 liters/second (specially in Ciawi,
Mandalawangi, Bayongbong, Gunung Sawal). In the northern area of Bandung, its spring has
rate of flow of 50 – 100 liters/second. The spring around Wayang Mountain has rate of flow of
50 – 100 liters/second. Hot water is produced in some areas of this mendala such as in
Wayang Mountain, Masigit Mountain, Kendang Mountain and Pamoyanan.
Mendala of Karst groundwater; this area is spread at the southern part of West Java, the flow
of groundwater in this area (limestone characteristic) generally passes the crack, gap or the
limestone dissolve canal. The springs in Kananga/Parigi area has rate of Flow of up to 50
liters/second; Cibingung 150 liters/second, Cijegluk (Pangandaran) 15 liters/second.
Mendala of hills; in general, it is located at the southern area of West Java (in the north area of
Karst). The productivity of groundwater in this area is low and rate of flow is less than 10
liters/second including the shallow groundwater.
The use of water, most of water is used for domestic needs and irrigation. It’s only in Bandung,
Cimahi, Bandung Regency that the use of water especialy for industry needs. As a result of the
undercontrol use of groundwater there has been a decrease in the groundwater level
(depressed) up to 20 m.
5.1.2. The Sheet of Cirebon (SOETRISNO; 1985)
The areas covered in this sheet are: Cirebon City, Cirebon Regency, Indramayu Regency, Subang
Regency, Purwakarta Regency, Majalengka Regency (northern part), Karawang Regency (eastern
part). Northern part is dominated by the wide seashore leveling, start from Cirebon up to
Karawang, the middle part is the range of hills and the southern part is strato vulcanoes.
The seashore area is 2.5 – 10 km wide, its shallow groundwater is brackish but the fresh water is
still able to find in that area especially on the sediment of ex-river trench, which in the past was
used as bunds in the beach. In this area, the depressed groundwater can be found (at the deep
aquifer) in the depth of 60 – 100 m, with its rate of flow 10 – 30 liters/second. There has been a
lot of groundwater drillings in this area.
Groundwater in hills area is included into the group of water with low productivities; its rate of flow
is only 5 liters/second. In this area groundwater drilling is rarely with its rate of flow less than 10
liters/second.
The volcanoic area is the area with high productivity underground water, but in some areas such as
on the top of Tangkuban Perahu and on the top of Tampomas because it consists of layers of clay.
On the foot/slope of Cereme Mountain, such as in the area of Cipaniis, Mandirancang the
production of its grounwater is 1500 liters/second.
FINAL REPORT - 55 -
The use of undergroundwater (especially deep underground one) is mainly for the need of industry
which is spread out all over northern seashore start from Cirebon to Karawang. For domestic needs
and irrigation they still depend on the surface water.
5.2. RIVER BASIN
Based on Land Plan of West Java 2001, water supply in river basin is divided into two categories,
i.e. average-flow supply and baseflow supply. Average-flow is a river basin flow potential which is
calculated based on the annual rainfall and the space of the river basin. Baseflow supply is the
debit of the river flow expected to exist even during the dry season, and calculated based on the
land use.
Based on the calculation of water supply and water needs as shown on RTRW West Java 2001 we
can determine the ratio of water needs and average-flow supply and the ratio of water needs and
baseflow supply.
Here are some categories used in determining how critical some river basin is as shown in RTRW
based on baseflow:
Some river basin is very critical when water needs in that particular river basin is more than
the baseflow supply or the rate of flow expected to exist even during the dry season.
Some river basin is critical when water needs in that particular river basin is between 76 –
100% of the baseflow.
Some river basin is nearly critical when water needs in that particular river basin is between 51
– 75% of the baseflow.
Some river basin is not critical when water needs in that particular river basin is <50% of the
baseflow.
Categories used in determining potential levels of water supply of some water basin shown in
RTRW based on average flow are as follows:
Water potential of some river basin is not available when water needs in that particular river
basin is more than the average flow supply or the water potential of the river basin.
Water potential of some river basin is nearly not available when the water needs in that
particular water basin is between 76 – 100% of the average flow.
Water potential of some river basin is lacking when the water needs in that particular river
basin is between 51 – 75% of the average flow.
Water potential of some river basin is enough when the water needs in that particular river
basin is <50% of the average flow.
Based on the ratio of the water needs and the baseflow shown in RTRW West Java 2001 we can
see that West Java province has 15 (38%) very critical river basins. Most of them flow the north of
West Java. Whereas based on the ratio of the water needs and the average flow, West Java has 7
(18%) river basin that also flow to the north of West Java which are categorized the district with no
water potential.
FINAL REPORT - 56 -
5.3. WATER RESOURCES
5.3.1. Surface Water
The surface water condition is influenced by the rainfall and the condition of the river basin.
The potential forecast of a surface water resource is generally carried out based on the space of
water penetration where surface water flows to the river in the river basin. Water Research and
Development Center 2001 found out that West Java had 40 river basins, 22 of which flow to the
north of West Java and the nest (18 river basins) flow to the south of West Java.
The availability of water in each water basin can be divided into two categories, i.e. average flow
availability and baseflow availability. Average water availability is water potential in some water
basin which is calculated based on the rainfall and the space of the water basin. Whereas the
baseflow availability is the debit the riverflow expected to always exist even during the dry season,
and is calculated based on the land-use. For each land use can be determined the value of each
run off. Wesh Java land use is divided into 4 parts, i.e. the water body, forest, mixed plantation,
and housing complexes.
West Java water needs looked from the point of view of water needs in each water basin can be
predicted for the needs of irrigation, clean water (suburbs and suburbans) and water needs for
industries with calculation standard as shown on Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Water Needs Calculation Standard

WATER NEEDS CRITERIA
Irrigation 1Litre/second/Hectare
Clean water for suburbs and suburbans
a. Population >1 million 250 Litres/person/day
b. Population <1 million 150 Litres/person/day
Industri 0,5 Litre/second/Hectare
Resource : West Java Province Land Plan 2002
Very critical river basin category in baseflow shows that the water needs in that particular river
basin is more that the baseflow or the debit of the river flow expected to always exist even in the
dry season. Critical river basin category means the water needs in that particular river basin are
between 76% and 100% of the existing baseflow. Nearly critical river basin category means the
water needs are between 51% and 75% of the existing baseflow. And not critical river basin
category shows that the water needs are 50% or less of the existing baseflow.
In average flow, the river basin with the water potential is not available shows that the water
needs are more than the average flow or the existing water potential. The river basin with water
potential nearly not available shows that the water needs are between 75% and 100% of the
existing average flow. The river basin with the less water potential available shows that the water
FINAL REPORT - 57 -
needs are between 51% and 75% of the existing average flow. And the river basin with the water
potential is enough shows that the water needs are only 50% or less of the existing average flow.
Based on the ratio of the water needs and the baseflow supply in 2001, West Java had 15 (38%)
river basins with very critical category. All the rivers in those river basins flow to the north of West
Java. Whereas based on the ration of the water needs and average flow supply in 2001, West Java
had 7 river basins and all of them flow to the north of West Java that had water potential was not
available category, as shown on Table 5.2.
FINAL REPORT - 58 -
Table 5.2 Category of River Flow Areas in West Java
Water needs Ratio and Amount of River River Flow Areas flow River Flow Areas
Category of River Flow Areas
Water availability Flow Areas to the North flow to the South
Good Flow Very Critical > 100% 15 (38%) 15 (100%) -
Critical 76% - 100% 3 (7%) 2 (67%) 1 (33%)
Close Critical 51% - 75% 8 (20%) 3 (37,5%) 5 (62,5%)
Not Critical 0 – 50% 14 (35%) 2 (14,3%) 12 (85,7%)
Average Flow Potential water unavailable > 100% 7 (18%) 7 (100%) -
Potential water nearly unavailable 76% - 100% 3 (5%) 3 (100%) -
Potential water poor available 51% - 75% 3 (10%) 3 (100%) -
Potential water sufficiently available 0 – 50% 27 (67%) 9 (33%) 18 (67%)
FINAL REPORT - 59 -
When we look at the above condition, in the river basins flowing to the north of West Java, the
water supply for various needs with the existing natural condition and water resources
infrastructure is alarming and needs integrated repairing and handling. Whereas in the river basins
flowing to the south of West Java, through the condition is not so alarming because the water
needs are less than the existing average flow and baseflow water supply, the water supply also
needs handling, especially the baseflow.
5.3.2. Soil Water Resources
Underground water in West Java can be found in the water holes underground. From 15 intercity
underground water holes, there has been identified underground water potential from 7 water
holes with 150 million m3 water per year. It can be used for domestic clean water, industries,
farming, etc. Nine millions m3 water was used by industries in July 2001 (121 water holes, 3,708
companies).
Industry growth in West Java makes underground water resources main water supply for
industries. Intensive and uncontrolled exploitation especially in industry areas such as Bandung
and Bodebek (Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi) Water Holes makes the water surface go down from 0.11
to 2.43 meter.
To overcome the existing negative consequences and to minimize the coming negative
consequences, underground water conservation needs developing based on the technical aspects,
such as regulations and limitation of taking underground water in the underground water
conservation zones. At the time being new zone system is applied in the areas of Bandung and
Bodebek (Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi) Water Holes.
Table 5.3 Underground Water Potentials in West Java

AVAILABILITY
NO. CURVE (Million LOCATION
3
m /YEAR)
1. Garut 2,9 Garut Regency
2. Bandung & Lembang 78,8 Bandung Regency, Sumedang
Regency, Bandung City
3. Karawang & Indramayu 39,3 Karawang Regency, Subang Regency,
Indramayu Regency, Cirebon Regency
4. Pangandaran 20,0 Ciamis Regency
5. Pameungpeuk 2,6 Garut Regency
6. Jampang Kulon 1,3 Sukabumi Regency
7. Palabuhanratu 5,3 Sukabumi Regency
AMOUNT 150,7
FINAL REPORT - 60 -
Based on the data compilated from Hydrogeology Map in West Java, West Java is classified into 4
areas, as shown in Image 5.1.
West Java northern coasts i.e. Bekasi, Karawang, Subang and Indramayu are the areas that have
salty and breccs’ underground water. The areas that have aquifer and small productivities and have
very little underground water are Purwakarta, Subang, Sumedang and Majalengka and the areas in
the south of West Java, whereas the areas that have medium aquifer are Depok, Bekasi,
Karawang, Bandung City and Kuningan, Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Tasikmalaya, Ciamis and
Kuningan have aquifer and medium to high productivities.
Image 5.1. Underground Water Potention Map in West of Java
FINAL REPORT - 61 -
5.4. NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural availability is a function from factors of climate, geology, and morphology/ topography.
Human activities around the resources then influence to the existing natural supply. Human
activities in this case, means land use pattern, sanitation system, water usage for various needs,
and other social economy condition. In other word, factors of climate, morphology/ topography,
geology and human activities around the resources are input, and natural availability is output, as
shown on Image 5.2.
The next stage the natural availability in an area influences back the pattern of the community
activities around it.
5.4.1. Tipologi of Natural Water Resources
In general the water resources in the area plan are divided into :
• Underground water : Shallow underground water, Deep underground water.
• Water source water : Surface appearing underground water.
• Surface water : Rivers, lakes or dams.
5.4.1.1. Underground Water
Underground water is water under the ground surface. Based on West Java Province
Regulation, No. 16, year 2001, about Underground Water Management, the so called
Underground Water is all the water underground, including the water source naturally
appearing on the ground surface.
FINAL REPORT - 62 -
CLIMATE
GEOLOGY
GEOGRAPHICAL TOPOLOGY
VEGETATION
Community Social &

Economy Aspects
1. Amount of Population
Characteristics
2. Social Cultural of Raw Water
3. Pattern of Water in Such Area
Utilization
4. Physical of facilities and
structure
TECHNICAL & ECONOMICAL
Existing Settlement
Urban/rural
5. Economic/Financial
Technical Aspects
1. The Needs of water
2. Production & Distribution
System
3. Technical and Economical
Feasibility
ALTERNATIVES
OF SUPPLY
DRINKING
WATER/CLEAN
WATER
Image 5.2. Water Supply System Based on Water Source
West Java has 15 Underground Water Holes. They are areas separated by hydrogeological borders
where all hydrogeological phenomena are going on such as the process of inserted, flowing,
releasing ABT, as shown in Image 5.1, they are :
(1) CABT Pantura (Kab. Majalengka & Kab. Kuningan)
(2) CABT Bogor (Kab. Bogor dan Kota Depok)
(3) CABT Sukabumi
(4) CABT Cianjur
(5) CABT Bandung (Kota Bandung, Cimahi, sebagian Kab. Bandung)
(6) CABT Sumedang
(7) CABT Garut
(8) CABT Tasikmalaya
(9) CABT Ciamis
(10) CABT Cimedang
(11) CABT Ciletuh
(12) CABT Ciater
FINAL REPORT - 63 -
(13) CABT Cibalong

(14) CABT Cimandiri
(15) CABT Pameungpeuk
Image 5.3. Underground Water Holes in West Java

Source : Mining and Energy Department West Java Province – LPPM ITB
5.4.1.2. Water Source
Water source is underground water which naturally appears on the ground surface. The
natural appearance of the water source may be the result of topography cutting or
because of ground bursting or ground breach.
Water sources are usually found on the slope or the foot of hills. They are also found on
the plain. In West Java, water sources with quite high rate of flow are generally found in
the hills of young volcanic sediment or around the foot of a volcano.
Like underground water, the quality of water source very much depends on the geological
condition or the rock characteristic around the water source.
5.4.1.3. Surface Water
River Water
FINAL REPORT - 64 -
River water flow may come from direct rainfall flow, water source flow, lake outlets, or
the penetration of shallow underground water on the river walls.
Based on the flowing continuity, in general rivers can be classified into Perennial Rivers,
i.e. rivers which flow all year round, and Intermittent Rivers, i.e. rivers which flows only
in the rainy season. Perennial river water in general comes from water sources or
underground water penetration of rivers that have large water hold. Perennial river water
can also come from lake outlets or dams.
River Basin is the base for surface water resource management. Some river basins are
also known as River Area Unit, Referring to the Civil Works Minister Regulation No. 11A,
Year 2006, the study areas Bandung City, Cimahi City, Subang Regency are in the
Citarum-Ciliwung-Cisadane River Area Unit, Sumedang Regency is in the Cimanuk-
Cisanggarung River Area Unit, as shown in Image 5.4.
LAKES/ DAMS
Naturally a lake is sunken ground area because of erosion process or depression of

geological process and then filled in with water. The water source may come from river
water inlets, water source on the lake walls or directly come from rain water. Whereas a
dam is man made.
PETA WILAYAH SUNGAI DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA DAN JAWA BARAT

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Peta Situasi : Wilayah Sungai
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Batas Administrasi Kode Dan Nama Wilayah Sungai U

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Lokasi Wilayah Sungai
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Image 5.4. River Area Unit in West Java
FINAL REPORT - 65 -
Lake water sources in the planned area are very rare, except small lakes, like Situ
Cileunca (Lake Cileunca), Situ Lembang (Lembang Lake) in Bandung Regency. Main
dams in the planned area are Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam (in Bandung Regency) and
Darma Dam in Kuningan Regency.
5.4.1.4. Water District
Considering water source management principle “One Water Source Hole, One
Management System”, before analyzing natural availability for drinking water supply
system in the area studied, natural water development area unit should be delineated in
the area studied for some water districts regionally in relation to the demand clusters.
A Water District is an area in the area studied, either a river basin, a part of a river basin
or some river basins combined that have water potential that can be used to provide
water needs of a demand cluster. The water source potential can be river water, water
source or underground water. Based on the meanings of Underground Water Holes and
River Area Unit mentioned in the sub-headings before, Water District in the planned
areas, regionally can be divided into 4 areas, i.e:
1) Bandung Hole (Bandung City, Cimahi City, Bandung Regency, a small part of
Sumedang Regency)
2) Bogor Hole (Bogor City, Bogor Regency, Depok City)
3) Sumedang Hole (Sumedang Regency)
4) Northern Coasts Hole (Majalengka Regency and Kuningan Regency)
A demand cluster is an area in the planned study area in which there are a number of
activities that need water. The activities can be farming (irrigation), industries or
suburban population activities. In this case, a demand cluster means population activities
that need clean water or clean water service.
As area study are consist of some demand clusters that will go through changes as
shown in the regencies’ and provinces’ RUTRW, demand clusters should be grouped in
line with area development in a determined time, so that water districts can also be
grouped in line with the development of demand clusters. All of them should be in line
with the existing suburban areas and the will be developing areas.
5.5. Water Source Potency

5.5.1. Bandung hollow
5.5.1.1. Soil water
The border of Bandung Basin is pointed out on Image 5.5. This Basin lies around
Tangkuban Perahu Mountain in the Northern to Pangalengan in the Southern, and
Batujajar in the Western to Cicalengka in the Eastern. Administratively, this Basin is
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located in four areas as follows, Bandung Regency, Cimahi City, Sumedang Regency, and
Bandung City.
Based on Bandung Regency Hydrogeology Map (Iwaco & Waseco Consultant Department
General profession, in order to perform the project “ West Java Provincial Water Sources
Masterplan For Water Supply), study region of hydrogeology (see Image 4.18) can be
divided based on soil water occurrence in cavity between grains or cracking rock as
follows, which is:
Image – 5.5. Bandung Basin border (Source : department of mining and Energy West
Java Province LPM ITB).
A. Aquifer Found in Cavity Among Grains
• The Area of High Productive Aquifer with wide expansion

In this area, underground water can be found in the pores between grains of aluvial
sediment. In Bandung Regency, this area can be found around Majalaya and Cikancung.
• The Area of Productive Aquifer with wide expansion

In this area, underground water can be found in the aluvium sediment and space
between unseparated vulcanic sediment. This area can be found in the southern and
eastern part of Bandung City.
• Local Average Productive Aquifer

In this area, underground water can be found in bad sedimented vulcanic.
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Image 5.6. Hidrogeologi's map Bandung Basin.
B. Aquifer which is placed in the vicinity between pieces and little space or
breaks
• High Productive Aquifer With Wide Spreading

Spread from the midle part to the West.
• Midlle Productive Aquifer With Wide Spreading

In this area ground water is placed on the pore and cracking young volcanic sediment on
the terrain hills or on the river valley area.
• Specific Middle Productive Aquifer

It can be found in the hills slope, which has volcanic sediment. It can’t be found in
Bandung City.
C. Aquifier which is placed in the hole or cracking.
• Useful Specific Aquifier Area
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Ground water in this area is placed on the volcanic rocks hole sediment. It can be found
in Western Soreang area. In Pangalengan, around the peak of Malabar mountain this
aquifer correlated to volcanoes activities so that there are hot spring water. Heat from
the beneath of earth around Malabar mountain is used for Power Plant.
• Unuseful Specific Aquifier Area Wilayah

Soil water in this area is placed on the young volcanic sediment namely, lava. This area
can be found around the peak of volcanoe and the peak of the hills.
According to Warsono (1986), Bandung Basin region can be divided as 3 aquifer’s

agglomerate kinds, which is:
1. Aquifer shallow, depth approximately 0 until 35 meters, type aquifer is not

pressed.
2. Aquifer center, depth among 35 until 150 meters, arranged by Cibeureum

Formation and Kosambi Formation, it is consists of aquifer half-pressed to aquifer
pressed.
3. Aquifer in depth more than 150 meters, particularly laps over by Cikapundung
formation, it is consists of aquifer half-pressed to aquifer pressed.
To take soil water, until now generally comes from center aquifer in depth from 35 to 150
meters, but then for new artesian well was began to utilize aquifer center since
groundwater rate of flow on aquifer center was dwindling far.
The outgrow of groundwater potency can be identify as follows:

1. According to Evaluation of groundwater potency section, Directory of
Geology Environmental Arrangement (Vide Ruchijat etc, 1988) incoming
6 3
groundwater that flows to Bandung Basin as big as 71x 10 m per year, or equals
2251 liters/second
2. Sukrisno and Warsono (1990) calculate the outgrow of ground water flows to
Bandung Hollow from diffusion region on high contour 1000 meters as big as 107,81
6 3
x 10 m or 3418,63 l / sec. Total that constitute flow for deep groundwater that
generally constitute as confined groundwater
3. Meanwhile on region under contour 1000 fill up groundwater based on calculation of

width open area multiples by height of rain season average a year multiplied by soil
type or rock factor.
To obtain the soil water data based on official artesian well that has permit for industrial
poverty, availability of PDAM'S fresh water, and another commercial effort. The numbers
to obtain groundwater assumed to be smaller from the real one consider many wild
artesian wells that have no permit.
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Condition of artesian well

Condition of artesian well for many years can be noted as follows:
• Condition from the early of groundwater are exploited through artesian well at
Bandung Basin region (covering Bandung City, largely Regency Bandung, Cimahi
city, and some part of Sumedang Regency) will find artesian well a drift or artesian.
• Until year 1980 total soil water artesian well with the condition of artesian remained
half.
• Furthermore on year 1981 until 1990 the expend was increased progressively
industry needs, thus on year 1990 it was hard to find artesian well, but on depth 200
meter it is possible to get artesian groundwater.
Image – 5.7. Hydrogeology’s block diagram south North Bandung Well Water
Basin (source: mining official department –LPPM ITB).
Reduction of groundwater surface
In line with activity step-up social and economic around Bandung City Area, the needs of
raw water for various desires is getting increase, meanwhile the availability of the water
itself is limited. Eventually the raw water accessibility is one of factor that really
determines whether one of the area are to grow and develop nicely. One of raw water
source that exploited is groundwater source.
The expand of groundwater exploits on the last 2 decades cause soil water accessibility
becomes limited and critical, whereas later on caused groundwater surface decreased.
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According to (Harnandi, 2000) the reduction of groundwater surface, based on the

expand in aquifer depth, can be classify as follows:
1. Andir and Bandung Area, This region constitute industry region that dominated by
textile industry, pointing out soil water surface around 39,37 m – 65,17 m.bmt.
During period 1994 to 1999 groundwater surface decreased with speed 0,34 m /
years
2. Cicendo and Sukajadi area, groundwater surface around 15,44 m – 63,18 m.bmt.
During 1994 – 1999 groundwater surface decreased with speed 0,46 m – 0,72 m /
years
3. Babakan Ciparay, Bojongloa Kaler and Kidul as well as Astanaanyar area,

groundwater surface cohabits around 12,40 m – 37,68 m.bmt. In 1994 to 1999
groundwater surface decreased with speed among 0,87 m – 2,32 m / years
4. Lengkong, Regol, and Sumur Bandung area, soil water surface around 13,30 m
– 57,46 m.bmt. During 1994 – 1999 groundwater surface are down 0,02 m / years.
Soil water on this region is exploited to sustain the needs of offices, hotels, and
residence.
5. Bandung Wetan and Coblong area, the groundwater surface lies on position
around 19,24 m – 35,10 m.bmt. On this region, hotels, offices, hospitality, and
residences need to utilize a lot of groundwater. The reduction of groundwater surface
happened during 1998 – 1999 by speeds 0,44 m – 7,35 m / years, meanwhile in
1994 – 1999 the expansion happened with speed 0,14 m – 1,77 m / years
6. Cibeunying Kaler and Kidul area, groundwater surface lies on position around
14,35 m – 22,99 m.bmt. groundwater has been used for offices and residences.
groundwater surface in 1994 – 1999 tend to get on with speed 0,50 m – 0,74 m /
years, meanwhile during 1998 – 1999 it decreased with speed around 0,05 m – 1,27
m / years
7. Sukasari and Cidadap area, groundwater surface lies on position around 9,13 m
42,34 m.bmt. groundwater surface decreased in 1994 to 1999 around 0,60 m 3,90
m / years, meanwhile during 1998-1999 tend to increased around 2,28 m 6,74 m /
years. The soil water has been exploited on this region to sustain hotels and
residences.
8. Batununggal, Kiaracondong, and Margacinta Area, groundwater surface lies on

position around 13,99 m - 33,10 m.bmt. The Changing of groundwater surface in
1998-1999 pointed out the increase with speed 0,58 m 0,85 m / years. Meanwhile
during 1994-1999 there was a decline on groundwater surface up to 0,22 m / years.
Textile industry and residences on this region particularly utilizes groundwater to
support fresh water supply from PDAM that cannot suffice all needs.
9. Cicadas and Arcamanik area, textile industry and residences that located on this
area generally utilizes groundwater. Groundwater surface lies on position around
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13,52 m 39,18 m.bmt. In 1994-1999 and 1998-1999 pointed out the increase of
groundwater surface, which each of area with speed around 0,30 m 2,04 m / years
and 0,05 m 1,00 m / years
10. Ujungberung, Cibiru, and Rancasari area, groundwater surface lies on position
around 5,50 m 38,38 m.bmt. During 1994-1999 and 1998-1999 pointed out the
increase of groundwater surface which each of area with speed around 0,01 m 3,69
m / years and 0,09 m 1,58 m / years.
groundwater exploit with aquifer in (> 150 m) was developed in central Cimahi region
and south, Andir, Dayeuhkolot and Cikeruh and Rancaekek. Before year 1970,
groundwater surface on aquifer is on top of soil surface which is approximately + 2,0 to
+ 7,7 m.amt. The decline of soil water surface on these region especially on Cimahi and
Bandung City region precisely at Andir was caused by the useage of water for industry
especially textile which can be shown at south Cimahi and Dayeuh Kolot.
Contour map of groundwater surface in 1955 and 2000 are shown on Image - 5. 8 and
on Image 5.9 . Shown by Gristle Zone division and Critical groundwater obtain at
Bandung Basin zone, including inside Bandung City. The effort to fix groundwater surface
condition at CABT Bandung, can be done in some ways, which is groundwater surface
industrial substitution usage (central west part industry) by surface water (from Saguling
Accumulating Basin) and brand augmentation. Other alternative is ABT'S taking cut back
on critical zone and gristle and as compensation ABT'S take shifted on safe zone to
substitute that cut back.
Image – 5.8. Bandung Basin Ground obtain zone map (source: Mining Official
Department–LPPM ITB).
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Image 5.9. Bandung Basin Taking groundwater Zone Map

Source : Mining Official Department –LPPM ITB
Groundwater quality
As mentioned above that groundwater utilized more or less around 47% Bandung
citizens. Generally ground water quality is effected by:
• Compiler rock composition of aquifer also can be mentioned as natural factor.
• South Bandung City region (Kidul's Bandung district, Margacinta, and Rancasari),
aquifer’s shallow cover generally arranged by clay, sand, gravel that gets tufa
character of primordial lake sediment of Bandung (Silitonga, 1973) so the element of
3+ 2+
iron (Fe ) and manganese (Mn ) generally high or even gets exceeding
raw standard drinking water quality, each of 0,3 and 0,1 mg / l.
From central Bandung to northwards the element content iron and
manganese decreasing even not exists, since the cover that brings water is
not from lake sediment.
Activities yielding contaminant human
o Family waste.
o Industrial waste
Organic matter usage
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5.5.1.2. Spring
Wellspring can be found on north cliff, east and hollow south Bandung. Generally,
wellspring appearance is cause by “ cutting topography”, with form pervading to drawn
around the cliff top. Water bearer surface as tufa sand that form a part of sand volcanic
early sediment.
The appearance of wellspring cause by structured fracture can be found around volcano
peak vicinity, such as in Pangalengan region (G. Malabar). At Pangalengan's region can
be found hot wellspring water, caused by aquifer surface effected on volcanic activity.
Some great wellspring that emerging at Malabar's mountain peak vicinity for example
Citiis Wellspring (70 l / sec), MA Kinceuh (115 l / sec), Ciseupan (95 l / sec).
Wellspring appearance zone at territorial Bandung Basin is shown on Image 6.10
Image 5.10. Wellspring appearance zone at territorial Bandung Basin
5.5.1.3. River water
A main river that flows on Bandung Basin is Citarum's River along with it’s tributaries.
The width of DAS (river flow area) Citarum river is 1.675 Km2, with debit 42 l / second /
Km2. Citarum river consists of tributary such as; S. Cikapundung, S. Cimahi, S.
Cibeureum, S. Citarik, S. Cisangkuy and S. Ciwidey.
Cisangkuy river (long 27 km, “catchment” width around 270 Km2) and Ciwidey's River
(long 37 km, width “catchment” around 380 Km2). Ciwidey's River upstream exists on
top cliffs Patuha, meanwhile Cisangkuy River upstream has top cliffs of Malabar
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Mountain, Windu Mountain and Patuha Mountain. Both of rivers that gets estuary to go
to Citarum River constitutes “perennial's river,” where water flows every year. During dry
season the river stream comes from wellsprings and soil water drain on a part upstream.
On River upstream Cisangkuy, which is at Pangalengan region has “Cileunca's

Accumulating Basin”. Output flow (“out let”) Cileunca accumulating basin water and
Cisangkuy River flow, now exploited to PLTA, which is on Pangalengan region, Lamajang
and Cikalong. Besides exploited to PLTA, the potential of Cisangkuy River is utilized as
raw water for fresh water availability on Bandung City (1. 200 l / sec) and Bandung
Regency (100 l / sec). The intake building exists at Cimaung district, precisely at
Sukamaju village and Cimaung Village.
Cikapundung river, Cimahi river and Cibeureum river is adrift from hills at north
southerly Bandung City and gets estuary to Citarum River. Apart from the river there are
too another rills such as; Cipamokolan river, Citepus river etc. Total amount of river and
brook are 46 numbers with longing 2.654 Km. Generally, these rivers only operate as city
drainages channel. However Cikapundung River also being utilized as source for drinking
water.
Rivers at Bandung basin have greatly rate of flow fluctuation. This fluctuation takes in
that consequence:
On dry season, happens:

1. Supply water limitation
2. Inlay potency warms up water by sediment and waste that discarded by resident.
On rainy season, happens:

1. Flood or pond
2. Collected its waste at downstream and river estuary
This fluctuation proves to mark sense:

1. Wellspring get smaller because the capture region that getting decrease
2. The outgrow run off for lack of storage.
Out of all the rivers ones that really potential as source of raw waters for availability
system to a variety purposes because the fluctuation is not large is:
1. Cikapundung River.
2. Cipamokolan River.
Cipamokolan River rate of flow is not as big as Cikapundung River but it establishes
potentially for cistern on dry season especially for East Bandung region.
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1. Cikapundung River
Seen from its region capture Cikapundung River lays in hills on 768 m above surface sea
level with the hills characteristic on northern and low surface at southern. With height
among 725-750 m Cikapundung valleys comprises clamp down region for developmental
farm, particularly on northern including Coblong district. According to SK No.181.1
/'s Governor SK.1624 Bqpp / 1982 Regarding farm allotment at Territorial
Fundamental Bandung Raya Upstate.
Condition of Cikapundung River that gets critical due to the reduction of supply rate of
flow of wellspring at Maribaya. During dry season the rivers streaming be arched just
use to fill Dam PLTA'S tap Curves and PDAM'S supply. So river body that severe
dry, then the flow available again after discharge from PLTA (turbine water power plant)
Basin.
2. Cipamokolan River
Cipamokolan River is adrift at East Bandung region and Gedebage region constitute its
slick region. Besides Cipamokolan River (including Cisarenten River) and Cinambo River
have potency and threat for Gede Bage area. From Hydrology Analysis study to
Precaution Flood By Creates Artificial Lake at Gede Bage (yr 2000) that executed by
Observational Center And Developmental Department Water Resource (Kimpraswil) that
hazard of flooding has large impact so dam and water reservoir are needed. With the
water reservoir it gives saturated reserve contribution amount of water that required
water especially raw water for drinking water.
Surface Water quality
In general the quality of Bandung’s surface water was bad and most of the part above
class B raw waters quality. Only on internodes Cikapundung Upstream until Babakan
Siliwangi that still class B. the quality reduction of Cikapundung river upstream is from
North Bandung Area (domestic waste especially excrement and detergent score, and TSS
effect erosion), also the contamination originates from inside Bandung city that
particularly comes from domestic waste and less industry.
To recall the importance of Cikapundung River for the life of almost half citizens in
Bandung, therefore government via WJEMP'S project created project sub “Visibility Study
and Preliminary Engineering Design for Cikapundung River Domestic Wastewater
Facilities“ that currently in progress. This project is very accurate as strategic step to
save Cikapundung River. It also as a public awareness pilot with spirit that keep continue
in development.
From the result data that has been done by PROKASIH'S project from year 1999 until
2002 points out that 29 industry that being monitored (largely textile industrial) although
mostly have IPAL that has established but there are only few industry that its waste
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categorized well (fulfill raw quality). Water quality parameters waste that often does not
accomplish quality standard are BOD, COD, pH, TSS, MBAS, phenol and sulfide.
5.5.2. Sumedang Curve
5.5.2.1. Soil Water
Information of potential groundwater in Sumedang Regency was got based on

hydrogeology which is arranged by Iwaco (1991), as can be seen on the Image 5.11.
Hydrogeologcally, potential groundwater in Sumedang area can be divided by 5 areas

there are:
High Productive Aquifier With limited Spreading
In this area groundwater is placed on the pores between aluvial sediment. This area can
be found around Cikeruh. Groundwater limit around 5 – 10 liters/second, the depth of
aquifer 100 -180 m.
Middle Productive Aquifier With Wide Spreading
In this area groundwater is placed pores between from young volcanic sediment. It can
be found around Cimalaka, Paseh, Tanjungkerta dan Tanjungsari. Water limit of
groundwater are among 2 – 5 liters/second, the depth of aquifer 50 -100 m.
Specific Productive Aquifer
It can be found on the terrain of hills and volcano, especially in the Southern Sumedang
Regency. Water limit of soil wat 1 – 5 liters/second.
Specific middle productive aquifer
It can be found in the Nothern Sumedang regency, like can be seen around Ujung Jaya.
Water limit of groundwater < 1 l/second.
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Unuseful Groundwater Area
In this area is placed in the cracking old sediment and old volcanic. This area can be
found in Western and and Eastern Sumedang Regency, like in Cadas Ngampar and
Rancakalong.
Rare Groundwater Area
In this are soil water is placed on the old sediment and old volcanic. This area can be
found in the Northern Sumedang Regency, like in Conggeang and Buah Dua.
Image 5.11. Sumedang Regency Hydrological Map
5.5.2.2. Spring
Spring can be found around Tampomas terrain, and with spiral around Tampomas
mountain. (see image 5.12).
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The amount of spring water rate of water > 1 l/second which placed in Sumedang
Regency. There are 374 locations, with the total water rate of flow 800 liters/second. The
most of spring is located in Conggeang dan Buah Dua district.
Spring with big enough rate of flow there are: Cinangsi spring (275 liters/second,
elevation +505 m) and Sirang Cipelang Spring (245 liters/second, elevation + 500 m),
in Conggeang district. Cikandung Spring (237 liters/second, elevation +595 m ).
Cipaneunteun Spring (160 liters/second, elevation + 550 m) and Cicaneang Spring (262
liters/second, elevation + 390 m), in Cimalaka district.
5.5.2.3. River
The main river which flow in Sumedang Regency is Cimanuk River which flow from the
west slope Kareumbi mountain. Cimanuk river flor from the South to the North accross
Cadasngampar, Wado and Darmaraja district, and flor to the Indramayu Regency.
Cimanuk river rate of flow in Tomo area about 6500 liters/second (cathment wide 1966
Km2).
Cipelang river as the Branco of Cimanuk river flow in the North of Sumedang Regency
across Conggeang dan Ujungjaya district. Rate of flow of Cipelang river in Ujung jaya
area are about 550 liters/second, with catchment wide 98 Km2.
The flows of those rivers generally from spring or water absorbment to the rivers which
have wide water catchment. The map of river flor can be seen on image 5.12.
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Image 5.12. River Flow Map
5.5.3. Subang Basin
5.5.3.1. General
Geologically, arrangement rocks in the research area consist of young phyroclastic

sediment, the measurement of limestone-boulder, low rate togetherness, high rotation
and permeability, hydrologically better as groundwater aquifer with aquifer among
grains.
Meanwhile, hydrological in the Cipunagara main stream has anual high regional waterfall
between 2.500 s/d 4.500 mm/year. The use of land for this area constitutes forest and
tea plantation and a little part as dry farm. Hydrologically the manner of land using of the
research area can be seen from capacity to the water resources still in good condition
and can be resist and absorb waterfall source become surface water and
groundwater/spring.
Based on both condition above so hydrogeological point of view of separated volcanic

rocks with thick rotten level as good medium to absorb, retain, and free surface water
(rainfall) in the bigger volume so that can be seen as groundwater reservoir which arise
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become springs with the function as source of Cipunagara river branches which is main
stream in Bukit Gundul mountain/Pasir Buleud.
With concentrate the compilation of different condition above so from the

geology/hydrogeology point of view, generally that area is thought as potential surface
water resources and soil both quantity and quality.
Image 5.13. Geologi Map regional Main Stream Area of Cipunagara River
Image 5.14. Surface across main stream area of Cipunagara River
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5.5.3.2. Spring
Water source which have been analyze in Subang Regency are as follows :
Cikaruncang Area.
The wide of catchment waterfall area about 498,15 Ha, with the use of land are : forest
57,52 %, bush 8,42 %, plantation 32,61 %, farm 0,57 %, paddy farm 0,88 %. In this
area, waterfall and plant still have good condition, although still have some area on tea
plantation has been converted by the community around become seasonal vegetable
plants. This convertion of the land will decrease conservation value of the land and water
for Cikaruncang river if it isn’t set and controlled, it would be converted from forest
become vegetable plantation.
Cipunagara Lake Area.
The wide of catchment area of Cipunagara Lake is 41,97 Ha, with the use of the land
consist of: forest 97,83 %, bush 0,43 %, plantation 1,74 %. Based on observation that
the condition and land using for Cipunagara Lake still secondary forest which the range of
plant still good and the deviation of terrain is steep almost 70o. But the condition of the
lake has been shallow which will be serious when nearly lake surface planted by water
plants, so there are no more water catchment source remain in the lake.
The wide of Cipunagara Lake about 4,25 Ha with the depth of 1,5 meter, and in the rainy
season all of waterfall resources will be stay in natural dam in this lake, so become flood
because lake can’t afford to catch more water to the lake. It is caused by a lot of water
plants stay in the lake. And finally flooding the tea plantation near the Cipunagara Lake.
The capacity of flooding water from the Cipunagara Lake about 184 liters/second
catchment area about 41,97 Ha.
If condition and the use of Cipunagara Lake can be rehabilitated and adding the height of
the Lake in order to water which passed from the lake can be caught in the lake from the
area around it. If its height added by 0,5 meters, so that average depth of the lake about
2 (two) meters which the widw of the lake achieve 4,25 Ha so water source which can be
caught frequently in the lake around 85.000 M3. This lake as a big container and this
water source can be used as supply when dry season.
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Cipondoh Spring Area
The setting manner of spring area

is utilized as plantation with hard
plants, paddy farm and couples
community villages. While the
setting manner of land regionally
as land which is used as dry farm,
plantation and community
residents.
Passed water capacity from

Cipondoh spring about 2.200 Liters
per second. Today, the use of this
water source still small, there are: PDAM Subang Regency and PT. Aqua which use the
source of each about 20 liters/second. The rest of capacity about 2,2 m3 per second
haven’t been used and flow directly to Cipunagara river.
Mukanagara River
Mukanagara river flow the passed water to the different flows through natural small
canals which have flow’s capcacity about 25 Liters/second.
Cimincul Spring
Cimincul spring, this natural pool condition which has been shallow and water rate of flow
decrease, the use of land around spring as farm and paddy farm.
Hydrogeologicaly, Cimincul spring location

constitute several spring area complex
which groundwater source arise and form a
line of spring water with biggest volume of
water debit where which placed on on the
wall and curve where the water reveal can
be caught in the natural pool. The capacity
passed water from spring about 125
liters/second.
5.5.3.3. River
Many rivers which are placed in Subang Regency but they constitute small rivers. Rivers
which were investigated there are:
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Cikaruncang River
This river in the Western of Subang Regency

which flows from North to the South. Water
river capacity is about 915,9 liters/second,
derived from catchment area about 498,15
Ha.
Generally the manner of using land of water

source catchment Cikaruncang river hasn’t
changed although we can see the vegetable
farm activities but the width isn’t bigger as
the whole river Cikaruncang water.
Cipunegara River
Cipunagara river which is placed between two dams Cipatat the higher and the lower
have water capacity about 0,825 m3/second.
• Bantar Panjang Dam irrigation channel
Irrigation channel which constitute the part of Bantarpanjang dam, which will flow paddy
farm land in several villages in the upper stream there are : Pasanggrahan village,
Dramaga village, Gadog village, Cisalak village with the water source from Cipunagara
river. Flow capacity on the irrigation dam channel about 1,15 m3/second.
• Upper Irrigation Channel Cipatat Dam
Irrigation channel which is placed in the down stream from Upper Cipatat am. Irrigation
channel water source derived from Cipunagara river which arranged by a water door
systemy farm in several villages in the down stream.
In the down stream has other dam which has name down Cipatat dam one to another
range about 500 meters. According to people information over there that down Cipatat
dam built to change upper Cipatat dam that has ruined in 1998 because of extreme
flood. Water capacity in this irrigation is about 0,75 M3/second.
• Irrigation Channel Down Cipatat Dam
This irrigation is relatively small to flow paddy farm in the down stream. Water capacity
in this irrigation channel in Leuwi Tunggak dam, Kampung Cigalumping of Pasanggrahan
village about 85 Liters/second.
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• Cipunagara River (Cibogo Area)
the flow of Cipunagara river beside Cibogo

bridge which constitutes segment or
middle part of Cipunagara river so that to
the upper stream from measurement
location has branch system and supplied
from several spring which exist in the
catchment area in the upper stream
measurement location. Capacity of flow
about 13 m3/second.
• Cilamatan River (Cibogo Area)
Like in the measurement previous location

that it is segment or middle part of
Cipunagara river so that in upper stream
from measurement location placed many
river branch system and supply from
springs which placed in the upper stream
catchment area of measurement location.
Flow capacity in the river flow about 4
m3/second.
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CHAPTER VI
PDAM’s Profile
A. Technical Aspect
6.1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY
6.1.1. General
PDAM Tirta Dharma Bandung City gives service to

covers 26 Regencies and 139 villages. In 2005, PDAM
Tirta Dharma gives service to 31% of population
through 141,274 service connections.
Those who haven’t got service from PDAM Bandung City

usually use groundwater as the water resource for
drink. Based on data got from Public Health Service of
Bandung City, they usually use groundwater through hand-pumping well and also artesian well
besides some use water from rain storing and other resources, as shown in Table 1 in appendix
2.
6.1.2. Service
The region got service from PDAM Bandung City includes all over regional administration of
Bandung City, which covers 26 sub districts. The scope of service is given to the people in
service area in Bandung City in 2005 only reach 31%. Service condition of PDAM Bandung City
in 2006 is estimated around 756,310 persons (32.9% from all population of Bandung City). That
service was carried out through Home Connection to around 630,910 persons (83.4% of all total
service) and Public Hydrant 125,400 persons (16.6% of all total service), as shown in table 1
and 2 in appendix 2.
Water consumption for Home Connection is approximately 125 litres/person/day whereas for
Public Hydrant is approximately 30 litres/person/day (1 Public Hydrant services to
FINAL REPORT - 86 -
approximately 60 persons). Water consumption for Domestic needs reach 86.4% and for Non
Domestic’s is approximately 13.6%.
The low of service is mainly caused by the low capacity of water produced by PDAM in Bandung
City as a result of the limited of raw water. In addition to it, the high water lost around 47% (in
2005) has caused the low capacity of service.
6.1.3. Capacity of System
Presently, PDAM in Bandung City has got around 2,576.2 liters /second raw water from the
permitted capacity based on SIPA (Letter of Permission for Taking Water) which only allow one
to take 3,059.2 liters/second water, as shown in table 4 in appendix 2.
The capacity produced by PDAM Bandung City’s installation in 2006 is only 2,084 liters/second
(81% from the capacity taken).
This year (2008) a new system for taking water is being constructed and it will be produced
from Cikapundung river as much as 600 liters/second, so the capacity of water taken is around
3,176 liters/second.
6.1.4. The Condition of Water Resource
Raw water which is presently used in producing pure water by PDAM Bandung City comes from
3 (three) resources, They are:
6.1.4.1. Spring
Spring which has been used by PDAM Bandung City located in mountain Northen Area,
including administration area of Bandung Regency. Location of spring tap usually is
located in Perhutani (Official Foresty) West Java area. Therefore, it needs good
coordiation and cooperation with related officer to continue tapping spring water.
A. Cisangkuy River
Quality of water Cisangkuy river in Cikalong is good enough because has been
previous presedimentation processed first. It can be a problem if National Electricity
Corporation (PLN) run the repairment on machines or maintenance on turbine, there
are oil or spilling flow to the raw water
Rate of flow Water from Cikapundung river which flow from PLN’s output turbine in
Cikalong still sufficient. Rate of flow for 1 (one) turbine approximately 5,5 – 6,0
m3/second and still have much water. If PDAM propose to take water more than the
amount allowed, it must be reconsidered water for irrigation. The permission which
have exist today is 1800 liters/second. There are 2 (two) instalations that tapping raw
water from Cisangkuy river, they are: Cikalong Lama and Cikalong Baru.
A.1. Old Cikalong (Cikalong Lama)
FINAL REPORT - 87 -
Old installation tap river water in the down stream from Cikalong water turbine power
plant (PLTA) was built permanent dam, in the height ± 852,50 m at sea surface level.
Tapping building equipped presedimentation building which has mud drainage
equiptment and join with new building. Water are distributed through the pipe with
diameter 800 mm and 900 mm along 32 km, distributed to IPA in Badaksinga
Bandung on the elevation 753,20 m sea surface level with planning capacity 1800
liters/second previously Cikalong Lama Installation was planned with capacity 1000
liters/second, but today can just supply water for 700 liters/second. In Cikalong there
are not mother water meter to record water volume which flow in the transmission
pipe and distributed from Cikalong to IPA Badaksinga.
A.2. New Cikalong (Cikalong Baru)
New installation tap the water direcly from output turbine of water turbine power plant
(PLTA) Cikalong first and higher from the old tapping building. Tapping building
consist of a tapping door, open canal with drainage to limit water rate of flow, a pipe
accross the river above old dam and its function is crossing bridge and
presedimentation which join with the old building equipped by mechanical mud
sediment drainage.
Planning capacity from new pipe are 800 liters/second through steel pipe with
diameter 850 mm along 32 km from Cikalong to IPA Badaksinga, in fact affordable
about 660 liters/second is not installed mother water meter in Cikalong to measure
water rate of flow through transmission pipe to Badak singa. To increase rate of flow
from cikalong still have possibility but need good coordination with official authority,
moreover, if water flow planning from Cilaki river and Cibatarua river and build a dam
in its river implemented.
B. Cikapundung River
Cikapundung river water when hard rain contains much mud so that decrease the
capability of IPA Dago Pakar from 600 liters/second on normal condition become 500
liters/second when flooding. In the future need modification so that it can fulfill
capacity for 600 liters/second when flooding or normal condition. Whereas taking
water from daily reservoir pool of National Electricity Corporation (PLN) does not
influence because it has experienced the presedimentation process and taking raw
water from pool only in a little bit. Todays, Cikapundung river has supplied raw water
PDAM Bandung City for 820 liters/seond from 840 liters/second allowed, consist of
600 liters/second for IPA Dago Pakar, 40 liters/second for IPA MP Dago Pakar and
pumping around bridge on Jalan Siliwangi 180 liters/second from permission of 200
liters/second for IPA Badaksinga. And now it will be developed taking water from
Cikapundung river (DagoBengkok) for 600 liters/second.
C. Cikapundung I (IPA Pakar)
FINAL REPORT - 88 -
A tapping building and presedimentation building are located 3,7 km in upper stream
from IPA Dago Pakar building, tapping building of PDAM exactly in upper stream from
tapping building of National Electricity Corporation (PLN), it has 2 tapping doors on
the right side of dam. Tapping building capacity, presedimentation and pipe have
diameter 700 mm for 600 liters/sec processed in IPA Dago Pakar to clean water
service in North area of Bandung half of them retained in reservoir R XII (± 845 m
dpl) with capacity 7500 m3 and the rest flow to reservoir R XI Cikutra (± 747 m dpl)
with capacity 11.000 m3.
The tapping of raw water from Cikapundung river to IPA Dago Pakar use a dam,
tapping building and drainage building. Tapping door equipped with filter to avoid
garbage to IPA. Generally, the garbage are plastics.
D. Cikapundung II (Kolam Dago Pakar)
A tapping building which take water daily reservoir pool belongs to PLN in Dago
Bengkok about 40 liters/second, processed in IPA MP Dago Pakar separately is not far
from Cikapundung I installation resulted by retain processed first in reservoir with
capacity 100 m3, then distribute to the subscriber in North Area of Bandung.
Cikapundung River / Dago Pakar Pool
Water tapping for IPA MP Dago Pakar is done by pumping water from PLN’s pool,
Pakar pool itself tap water from Cikapundung river exactly in upper stream dam for
IPA Dago Pakar raw water, this PLN’s system before entering pakar pool without
presedimentation process first.
E. Cikapundung III (Jl. Siliwangi)
Tapping building which is located in downstream from jalan Siliwangi bridge tap
Cikapundung river by 2 pumps just flow water of 180 liters/sec from rate of flow
planned 200 liters/sec, flew to IPA Badaksinga in the height ± 753,20 m sea surface
level. Increasing debit from Cikapundung river still possible with the irrigation side
agreement, POJ and National Electricity Corporation (PLN) Saguling sector. Position of
tapping dot downstream water turbine power plant (PLTA) Dago Bengkok II with rate
of flow 600 liters/sec, obtain water from discard turbine of PLTA Dago Bengkok II and
must accept water as the recent conditions from PLN operation.
F. Cibeureum River
Quality of Cibeureum river water good enough for raw water but the cannel from
Cibeureum dam to IPA Ledeng through side road so that blended by the function of
drainage, to be afraid of waste water blend to the channel. In the flood of Cibeureum
river water become turbid and muddy but gererally run in no longer time.
FINAL REPORT - 89 -
One tapping building in Cibeureum river completed by presediment buildinng. Water

flew to the IPA Ledeng with planning rate of flow 40 liters/sec. Water flow from
Cibeureum dam to IPA Ledeng use open channel through side road. In the dry season
water rate of flow decrease to 30 liters/sec. the result of water after processed
retained in R XI with capacity 100 m3 then distributed to the North of Bandung West
Side. Increasing rate of flow from water resources is hard to be done because water
rate of flow in dry season is little.
G. Cirateun River
A Tapping building has been built next to the head water of Cibeureum river located in
Kelurahan Isola with capacity 5 liters/sec, flew to the IPA Cirateun for service in
North of Bandung especially in kelurahan Isola, nowadays average production below
capacity planned. Production average from January to September 2006 are 3,37
liters/sec.
H. Cipanjalu River
An new IPA from Cipanjalu river Ujung Berung with production capacity 20 liters/sec
is used for service in Ujung Berung Area. Tapping Building close to the irrigation water
control so that when dry season will be lack of water for irrigation and PDAM so that
need more intensive coordination with the irrigation management. Average Production
today’s is 14,38 liters/sec.
6.1.4.2. Inner Groundwater
To take inner groundwater, some deep drilling well is used. This drilling well was
constructed at the same time of Project BAWS period I year 1982. At this moment,
the debit of drilling well production is dramatically decreased compared to at the first
time when it was constructed. It is caused by the significant decrease of groundwater
level in area of Bandung Basin.
6.1.4.3. Spring
Spring used by PDAM Bandung City is located in the northern mountain range which
includes in the administration area of Bandung regency. The location of spring tapping
is usually located in the area of Perhutani West Java. That is why good coordination
and team work with related government agencies is very essensial for the continuity
of the spring tapping.
6.2. PDAM BANDUNG REGENCY
6.2.1. General
PDAM Tirta Raharja Bandung Regency in 2006 gives service to only 23% population of
administration area of Bandung Regency. Those who haven’t got service of water for drink from
PDAM Bandung Regency use piping medium for taking drinking water (which was constructed by
the Department of Settlement and Structure of Region Bandung Regency) as well as water for
drink from non-pipe medium. Based on data obtained from Department of Public Health
FINAL REPORT - 90 -
Bandung Regency in 2006, people who has no pipe water system usually use water source
coming from shallow well, hand pumping well, etc, as shown in table 5 in appendix 2.
The medium of drinking water with pipes which is carried out by Department of Settlement and
Structure of Region in Bandung Regency was held since 1989 up to 2007, using the system of
pure water storing covering 1 (one) village with the water resource from springs, deep well.
The constructions of pure water in Bandung Regency which have been put in an inventory since
year of budget 1994/1995 until 2006 are 314 villages and in 2006 a new system has been
constructed i.e. system of spring with pipes in 44 villages, deep well for 6 villages, shallow well
for 60 villages and water terminal for 1 village whereas for the other 12 villages they got only
pipes.
The implementation of pure water construction aid which can be put in an inventory is as
follows:
• Piping system with spring resource are 190 villages
• Piping system with irrigation resource is 1 village
• Piping system with PDAM resource is 1 village
6.2.2. Service
PDAM Tirta Raharja Bandung Regency serviced 2 (two) regional administration, i.e. Bandung
Regency regional administration and Cimahi City. In 2006, there were 342,132 persons got
service through 49,270 units connections. The service given to people in Bandung Regency and
Cimahi City is 9.89% whereas to people in serviced area which are passed by pipes reached
22.95% from 33 regencies with 107 villages as shown in Table 6 in appendix 2.
Up to now, PDAM Bandung Regency has used Springs, River, Deepwell as the resource of their
raw water. The capacity of resource which has been owned (based on SIPA) is 749
litres/second, and the capacity taken from those sources were 551.25 litre/second, as shown in
table 7 in appendix 2.
6.2.4. Condition of Water Resource
Water resource which is used by PDAM Bandung Regency comprises: Surface water, Ground
Water, and Springs.
6.2.4.1. Surface water
Cijenggel River/ Situ Lembang
FINAL REPORT - 91 -
This water resource is the main one in pure water storing system in Cimahi City which
has tapping capacity +/- 168 litre/second. Because of raw water from
Cijanggel/Lembang Lake is still far from pure water quality standard, so raw water
from Cijanggel River is first processed before it is distributed to the customers. A
complete processing installation is built in Cipageran. From intake Cijanggel River to
water treatment plant 5 Tanks for Releasing Depression.
6.2.4.2. Groundwater
There are 2 (two) active drilling well, i.e. Drilling Well 11 and Drilling Well 12 with
total production of +/- 7 litres/second.
6.2.4.3. Spring
Other resources for pure water storing system in Cimahi City are Cikudapati Spring
and Cisantole Spring which each is able to produce +/- 3 litres/second and 7
litres/second. From the two springs, pure water flows through distribution network to
the customers using gravitation system.
6.3. PDAM SUBANG REGENCY

6.3.1. General
Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten
Subang or has been known as PDAM Tirta Rangga as
Regional-Owned Company (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah
(BUMD)) Subang Regency which previously named
Drinking Water Management Committee (Badan
Pengelola Air Minum (BPAM)) Subang Regency, built on
31st Desember 1988 on the authority of Regency Head
(Bupati Subang) Ir. Sukanda with Regency Regulation
Number: 03 Year 1988 about Establishment of
Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Subang Regency which guidance to Regulation No: 5
Year 1962.
The beginning of PDAM Tirta Rangga operation has been using Cileuleuy spring source which is
located in Desa Gunung Tua that can flow about 600 SL to subscriber, and in terms of time
(1982-1998) water quantity decrease to 50% in the dry season and also subscriber quantity
increase to 5.500 SL in that time pushed PDAM Tirta Rangga for adding capacity with using
Cibulakan spring source by target achievement for subscriber about 9.441 subscriber
connection.
FINAL REPORT - 92 -
6.3.2. Service
Up to 31 December 2005 there has been 172,748 people got service from the total amount of
administrative population 1,365,930 which are spread out in 22 districts. It means that 12.65%
of the population has got service and it is written corporate plan than in 2013 there will be a
raise in demands for the customer connections up to 9,441 units.
To maximize service to customers some plans have been made PDAM Tirja Rangga among
others is to carry out the plan for resource and allocating raw water. From many raw water
resources, which can be found in Subang Regency, there will be a priority scale for using the
water and for the one who will use it should show a letter of permission given by the
government. The need on raw water capacity is made up to determine the allocation of raw
water plan which is needed by PDAM and for PDAM that has got raw water should maximize the
use of the resource so it will meet the need of the service area with water coming from it.
From the allocation discussed above, the existing raw water resource will be distributed to the
close region which has no SPAM such as Cipeundeuy, Patokbeusi, Legon Kulon, Tanjungsiang,
Sukasari, Serang panjang, Ciater, Cikaum, and Pagaden Barat and as a result plan I
constructing new SPAM in that district will be able to realized at the end of 2013 and all people
in Subang Regency will use spring resource, surface water resource, and some will use deep
under-groundwater.
SPAM carried out by PDAM Tirta Rangga branch spread out in 13 districts with total capacity
plants of 413.62 liters/second can be seen in table 8 in appendix 2.
For more maximizing its service with keep giving its water service, in 2007, PDAM Tirta Rangga
has realized its plan with allowing people in Subang branch and Pamanukan’s to use water in 24
hours whereas for the other 11 branches/units just got 12 to 21 hours service.
6.3.4. Condition of Water Resource
Resource of raw water belong to PDAM Tirta Rangga Subang Regency should be also managed
well specially in connection to its protection related to sanitation considering that pollution can
give a bad effect on its output. That is why PDAM Tirta Rangga Subang Regency made up a
combination plan with sanitation in order to do protection to the raw water. This plan is carried
out to SPAM having raw water resources.
FINAL REPORT - 93 -
6.4. PDAM SUMEDANG REGENCY
6.4.1. General
Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kabupaten Sumedang or known as Tirta Medal is Regional-
Owned Company (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD)) Sumedang Regency. This company gives
service for people at the regional administration of Sumedang Regency through pipe system.
Besides PDAM, Dinas Cipta Karya Sumedang Regency also gives the same service to them. The
piping system carried out by Dinas Cipta Karya Sumedang Regency was started in 1989 till
2007, with pure water storing system for 1 (one) village using water resource from spring and
deep well.
Those who has no piping system service got non-piping system’s. Based on data got from Dinas
Kesehatan (Department of Public Health) Sumedang Regency, 2006, it was found that the
access of people to get drinking water without piping system is from shallow well, hand-pump
well, etc.
6.4.2. Service
Service area of PDAM Tirta Medal in Sumedang Regency covers a part of regional administration
of Sumedang Regency. In detail, the service area of PDAM Tirta Medal can be seen in the table
9 in appendix 2.
Service coverage to the population service area in Sumedang Regency is 13%, whereas to the
service area is 41,11% and percentage to urban area is 25,38% (table 10 in appendix 2).

The sources of raw water used by PDAM Tirta Medal in Sumedang Regency are ground water,
surface water, and other water resources. The detail of the production plant capacity according
to its source is as it was stated in the table 11 in appendix 2.
6.4.4. Sold Water Production, Distribution and NRW

Water produced by PDAM Tirta Raharja Sumedang Regency can be seen in table 12 in
appendix 2.
B. Institusional Aspect
Institutions which have related to the PDAMs of the city / regency is generally the same, there
is no difference in meaning. From the picture .. below appear to run the PDAM organization
must deal with institutions in both the central government, provincial government and city /
regency. At the central level all PDAM related to the 5 institutions that are Bappenas (National
Planning and Development Agency), Directorate General of Water Resources, Directorate of
FINAL REPORT - 94 -
Environmental Health Development, Cipta Karya Directorate General of Settlements and

Directorate of Drinking Water Supply Development and BPP SPAM (Supporting Board
Development of Drinking Water Providing System). The relationship with each of PDAMs at the
center level shown in the following table 6.1.
Table 6.1 The form of PDAM coordination in Central Government Institutions
No Related Institutions Relationships with PDAM

1 Bappenas (National Planning Budget allocation and Technical
and Development Agency) Assistance
2 Directorate General of Water Guarantor of water standard
Resources (according to Law 7 / 2004)
3 Directorate of Environmental Guarantor of The Achieving the MDGs
Health Development and Cipta in 2015 (domestic waste)
Karya Directorate General of
Settlements
4 Directorate of Drinking Water Guarantor of The Achieving the MDGs
Supply Development Cipta in 2015 (drinking water)
Karya Directorate General
5 Supporting Board Development

of Drinking Water Providing
System (BPPSPAM)
Source : Result of study 2008
In the Provincial Government, PDAM in coordination with four Institutions Office of the Spatial
and Settlements (DISTARKIM), the Office of Management of Water Resources (PSDA), Mining
and Forestry. The form of coordination is shown in the table below;
Table 6.2 The form of PDAM coordination and Institutions in Government of Province
1 Office of the Spatial and Technical assistance and Physical Help

Settlements (DISTARKIM)
2 Office of Management of SIPPA permission, after getting suggestions for

Water Resources (PSDA) technical SIPPA (surface water and springs) from
the Central Great River Region (BBWS)
3 Forestry Office Permit the use of spring water
4 Mining Office Permit the ground water taking
Next on the level of government where the PDAMs, each PDAM coordinated with 5 (five)
institutions, namely the Government of the city / regency supervise the District Department of
Public Works, Regional Planning Agency (BAPEDA), the Office of the Environment Agency or the
Environmental Planning (BPLH), the Office of Local Revenue (Dispenda), Department of Health.
Approval is obtained from the Council of Regional Representatives (DPRD). Besides, the
government of the city / regency can also buy raw water from General State Forestry Company
(Perum Perhutani) Jatiluhur II (PJT II).
FINAL REPORT - 95 -
Table 6.3 The form of PDAM coordination in Government Institutions of City / Regency
1 Department of Public Works (PU) Technical Assessment
2 Regional Planning and Development Medium Term Development Plan Area

Agency (Bapeda)
3 Office of Office of the Environment UKL/BPL Amdal
Agency or the Environmental Planning
LH /BPLH
4 Office of Local Revenue (Dispenda) Tax/ retribution
5 Department of Health (Bandung, Water Quality checks
subang & Sumedang)
6 Council of Regional Representatives Approval
(DPRD).
7 General State Forestry Company Licensing and cooperation of the water
(Perhutani) taking (managed by General State Forestry
Company /Perhutani)
8 Jasa Tirta Company General II (PJT2 Setting permission water standard
Subang)
Can be fully described as follows;
FINAL REPORT - 96 -
CENTRAL PROVINCE
CITY/REGENCY
Office of the Office of
Ministry of Spatial and Management of Office of Mining Office of Forestry
Public Work Settlements Water Resources
(PSDA)
(DISTARKIM)
Public Work
4 (PU)
Directorate of
Environmental
5 6 7 8 9
Health
Regional Planning
Development
and Development
and Settlement
Agency
10 (Bapeda)
3
Directorate of
Drinking Water
Development PDAM 11
Council of Regional
(Technical &
Representatives
Standard)
As Operator (DPRD)
12
Office of the
Environment Agency
Cipta Karya or the Environmental
Planning (LH/ BPLH)
Directorate
General
2 15 13 Health
Directorate General of Departement
Water Resources ( Bdg City, Subang
Jasa Tirta Regency,
Sumedang
National Planning and 1 Company General R )
Development Agency II (PJT 2
BAPPENAS
Subang Regency) 14
Supporting Board
Office of Local
Development of Drinking Revenue
Water Providing System BPP (Dispenda)
SPAM
FINAL REPORT - 97 -
1. Budget allocation and Technical Assistance

2. Guarantor of water standard (see the Law 7 / 2004)
3. Guarantor of The Achieving the MDGs in 2015 (water)
4. Guarantor of The Achieving the MDGs in 2015 (domestic waste)
5. Technical Assistance and Physical Help
6. Permission of SIPPA
7. Permit the ground water
8. Permit the use of spring water / Cost Conservation
9. Technical Assessment Public Work Office (Kasubdin PU)
10. RPJMD
11. Approval
12. Environmental Impact Analysis (UKL / BPL AMDAL )
13. Water Quality checks / Letters Eligible Drinking Water Quality
14. Tax and Retribution
15. Setting permission water standard
In the study only discusses the standard of water that came from The Spring Water and Surface
Water. Based on the description on the following described water flow acquisition of raw
materials come from both surface water and springs. For surface water begins with the
recommendation of Central Great River Region (BBWS), LH and the office of Public Work (PU),
next to get permission from the Office of Management of Water Resources (PSDA). After
obtaining a permit from PDAM in the regency / city to pay the purchase of raw water materials
to Office of Local Revenue (Dispenda), especially for Subang Regency for the purchase from
Jasa Tirta Company General II (PJT II) pay directly to PJT II. Monitoring conducted by Office of
Management of Water Resources (PSDA). As for spring, recommendations is obtained from
Central Great River Region (BBWS), LH and Public Work Department (PU) can also be the owner
of General State Forestry Company (Perhutani), PT. Perkebunan Nusantara (PTP), Forestry and
Mining Office. For payment in addition to Office of Local Revenue (Dispenda) also to the owner.
Monitoring is done fixed by Office of Management of Water Resources (PSDA).
FINAL REPORT - 98 -
SURFACE WATER
RECOMMENDATION PERMISSION / WATER TAX / TARIFF MONITORING

QUANTITY
BBWS
DISPENDA
(Local Revenue
Office)
PSDA
LH (Office of
Management of BBWS
water resources)
PJT II
(Jasa Tirta Company
General II)
PU (Public Work) (Subang Regency)
Water Resources
SPRING
RECOMMENDATION PERMISSION / WATER TAX / TARIFF MONITORING

QUANTITY
PU DISPENDA
(Public Work)
Water Resources (Local Revenue
Office)
PSDA
(Office of
LH Management of PSDA
water resources)
Owner
BBWS
OWNER
Non Official :
Perhutani
(General State Forestry
Company)
PTP
Official :
Forestry Office
Agricultural Office
Forestry, Private, including price

and the Village
FINAL REPORT - 99 -
Can be explained in complete as follows;
Institution Surface Water Spring Water Recomendation

Permit Price Monitoring Quantity Permit Price Monitoring Quantity
Perhutani
(General State
√ √ √
Forestry
Company)
PTP
(Plantation State √ √
Company)
D.Kehutanan
√ √ √
(Forestry Office)
PSDA
(Office of
Management of √ √ √
water resources)
PU-Kab
(Public Work √ √
Regency)
LH
(Environmental √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Management)
PJT2
(Jasa Tirta
√ √ √ √
Company General
II)
BBWS
(the Central
Great River √
Region)
B. Financial Aspect
All financial aspects of the PDAMs can be seen in Appendix 1
FINAL REPORT - 100 -

CHAPTER VII
PDAM DEVELOPMENT
ANALYSIS
7.1. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
7.1.1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY

7.1.1.1. System Capacity
PDAM Bandung City, nowadays takes raw water 2,576.2 liters/second from the allowed capacities
according to SIPA (Surat Ijin Pengambilan Air/Taking Water Permission Letter) of 3,059.2
liters/second. The capacity which can be taken from PDAM installation Bandung City, today (2006)
are about 2,084 Liters/second (81% of taking capacity). In 2008 is building a new taking water
system from Cikapundung river about 600 liters/second, so that capacity which can be taken about
3,176 liters/second.
It can be seen in image 7.1 that taking water capacity decrease continuously if compared by 2004,
it is caused by drilling well capacity frequently decrease. Production capacity also decrease because
of well condition, raw water quality decrease and condition of many installation has been damage
or out of order (mainly IPA Dago Pakar).
3.500,0
Tahun 2004
3.000,0
Tahun 2006
Kapasitas (Liter/detik)
2.500,0
2.000,0
1.500,0
1.000,0
500,0
-
n
r
al
si
la
be
uk
rju
bi
m
am
od
Te
Su
Pr
ng
Pe
Image 7.1. PDAM Bandung City System

Prediction of production capacity if there are no source addition, it is shown in Image 7.2. so in
2015 production capacity only about 2,400 liters/second and in 2025 about 2,200 liters/second
(there will be adding capacity 600 liters/second which is predicted starting in 2009).
3.000,0
Kapasitas Produksi (Liter/detik)

2.500,0
2.000,0
1.500,0
1.000,0
500,0
-
2.004 2.006 2.015 2.025
Image 7.2. Prediction of PDAM Bandung City Production Capacity
7.1.1.2. Service Condition
The populations of PDAM service of Bandung City (2006) are 756,310 people (32.9% of Bandung
city population). Service to the population are served through home connection amounting 630,910
people (83.4% of total served) and Public Hydrant 25,400 people (16.6% of total served), it is
shown on table 1 appendix 3.
The use of water for Household Home Connection are about 125 Liters/person/day while Public
Hydrant about 30 liters/ person/day (1 Public Hydrant serves about 60 persons). The use of water
for Domestic’s need achieve 86.4% and the use of water for Non Domestic about 13.6%.
7.1.1.3. The Growth of Water Needs
The needs of water will be increasing as long as the growth of population. The growth of Bandung
City population is predicted as shown on image 7.3.

3.400.000
3.200.000
Jumlah Penduduk (Jiwa)

3.000.000
2.800.000
2.600.000
2.400.000
2.200.000
2.000.000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Image 7.3. The Growth Of Bandung City Population
The target service in the year future needs to be increased, like shown on table 2 in appendix 3,
where the needs of water for Household Home Connection are 150 liters/person/day and Public
Hydrant 30 liters/person/day, and the need of Non Domestic 20% of Domestic needs.
Based on this condition, so the needs of water in the year 2015 is predicted about 5,388
liters/second and in the year of 2025 about 6,816 liters/second, as shown on image 7.4.
8.000,0
Produksi
7.000,0
Sasaran Pelayanan
6.000,0
5.000,0
4.000,0
3.000,0
2.000,0
1.000,0
-
2.006 2.015 2.025
Image 7.4. Predicted of PDAM Bandung City Service Capacity
To fulfill service target so needs additional production capacity for 2015 and 2025 with each
capacities about 3,000 liters/second and 4,600 liters/second. And for additional production capacity
needed additional water source in 2015 and 2025 are 3,700 liters/second and 5,700 liters/second.

7.1.1.4. Additional Water Source
7.1.1.4.1. Short Terms Solving
In the Short term additional capacity can be fulfilled through reparation of system
condition. System condition solving is condition facing in the system of IPA Badaksinga.
Like it has explained above, IPA Badaksinga takes raw water from Cisangkuy river
through old and new pipe and Cikapundung river with capacity as shown on table 3 in
appendix 3.
Through Cimenteng program so taking water capacity will increase about 1,000
liters/second, but there are reduction capacity. This capacity reduction (water source for
IPA BadakSinga can be obtained through additional water source from Cikapundung
river). The system illustration through this program is shown on image 5.5.
On this program is planned to build IPA in Cimenteng Bandung regency. Therefore, it is

needed cooperation with Bandung Regency.
7.1.1.4.2. Long Terms Solving
A. Bandung City Area
Groundwater Source
The depth of groundwater surface in Bandung City area is 6 meters, but in its depth
water quality is very bad. It is caused by the absorption of textile industry water
pollutant especially Eastern Bandung City. To obtain good water for use, the community
must dig a well to 60 meters deep. In this depth water obtained can’t be used for
drinking because of high iron element.
Based on exploration, which has been done that that potential ground in Gedebage area
can be made 10 (ten) deep wells with each capacity 10 liters/second. The depth of water
in this well is about 70 – 100 m.
Surface Water Source
Rivers
There are 3 rivers around Bandung City which has potential to become raw water source
namely Cinambo, Cipamokolan and Cisaranten river. Those rivers will be overflow in the
rainy season and cause flood. But based on the observation directly, those rivers drought
in the dry season and contain industrial pollutant. Flood which is always happened in the
rainy season caused of silting up of the river. If river is dredged and reconstructed to the
river, rate of flow will increase, but the quality of water still bad except there are no
disposal water pollutants from the industries to the river.

Cipamokolan River
Cisaranten River

Cikapundung River
Dago
Bengkok Siliwangi
600 L/s 180 L/s
(Plan)
IPA Badaksinga
Capacity 1.800 Liters/second
Old Pipe New Pipe

700 L/s 660 L/s
Cisangkuy River
Existing Condition
Program Planned
S. Cikapundung
Dago
Bengkok Siliwangi
600 L/s 200L/s
(Plan)
IPA Cimenteng IPA Badaksinga

Capacity. 1.000 Capacity 1.800 Liters/second
Old Pipe New Pipe

1.000 L/s 660 L/s
(Rehab)
Cisangkuy River
Image 7.5. Cimenteng Program Proposed Schematic

Retention Lake/Pool
Those surface water sources, Cinambo, Cipamokolan and Cisaranten river can be used as
raw water through retention pool which will be planned in Gedebage Area. Retention pool
built to give waterfront scenes which become a vision of Gedebage area. Besides,
retention pool will become water catchments to overcome flood in the rainy season. But
water continuity cannot be controlled (it is worried that water in the lake will empty) so
that retention pool cannot become as raw water source.
Based on hydrological and raw water study using 3 (three) retention pool unit has
potential using raw water for drinking water amounting to 500,000 – 750,000 m³/month
or about 200 liters/second, but only maintained for 7 months in 1 (one) year, the rest 5
months water capacity will be small or even dry at all. Other difficulties are water quality
control in retention pool, because of the rivers in planned area polluted by industrial
pollutant flow to the retention pool.
B. Outside Area
Additional needs for PDAM Bandung City must be fulfilled by another regency area
because Bandung City area is hard to find a new water source. Regency direct bordered
with Bandung City is Bandung Regency (including Cimahi City), Subang Regency and
Sumedang Regency. Therefore, water supply can be obtained from three regencies as
shown on image 7.6.
Bandung
Image 7.6. Water Supply Schematic for PDAM Bandung City
Regency
BANDUNG
City
Bandung Sumedang
Regency Regency
Image 7.6. Therefore, it will be discussed of water source in those three regencies.

7.1.2. BANDUNG REGENCY
7.1.2.1. Water Needs Bandung Regency
Great Bandung Regency including Bandung Regency and Cimahi City. In 2006, the
population of Bandung Regency and Cimahi City each of them are 4,399,788 people and
520,035 people. The growth of population in Bandung Regency and Cimahi City can be
shown on image 7.7.
8.000.000 800.000
7.500.000
750.000
J u m la h P e n d u d u k (J iw a )
J u m la h Pe n d u d u k ( Jiw a )
7.000.000
700.000
6.500.000
6.000.000 650.000
5.500.000
600.000
5.000.000
550.000
4.500.000
4.000.000 500.000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Image 7.7. The Growth of Population of Bandung Regency and Cimahi City
7.1.2.1.2. PDAM Bandung Regency
Great Bandung Regency is served by PDAM Bandung Regency. In 2006 the amount of
service achieves 342,132 people with the connection amount 49,270 units. The average
service each connections achieve 6.9 people /connection.
Selling capacity of PDAM Bandung Regency in 2006 are about 315 liters/second, a little
bit decrease if compared in 2004 as shown on table 4 in table 4 in appendix 3 and image
7.8.

600,0
2004
500,0
2006
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
-
Produksi Distribusi Penjualan
Image 7.8. Condition of PDAM Bandung Regency System Capacity
Until now, PDAM Bandung Regency has been using springs, rivers and Deep well as raw
water. Source capacities which have been possessed (according to SIPA) amounting 749
liters/second and capacity which is taken from those water sources about 551.25
liters/second.
7.1.2.1.3. The Growth of Water Needs of Bandung Regency
Production capacity of PDAM Bandung Regency today (in 2006) is about 537
liters/second, this capacity is predicted decrease continuously until 2025. On the other
side the needs of water will increase as long as the growth of population.
Target service in 2015 is 20% and 2025 is 30% and the use of average water planned is
90 liters/person/day, as shown on table 5 in appendix 3.
According to target service as shown on tables 7.5., so the needs of water in 2015
predicted will achieve 2,500 liters/second and in 2025 achieve about 4,600 liters/second,
as shown on image 7.9.

5.000
4.500
K ap asitas Sistem (L iter/d etik)

4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
1.000
500
-
2006 2015 2025
Image 7.9. Prediction the growth of Water Needs in Bandung Regency
Water capacity which is needed to fulfill target service so in 2015 and 2025 needed new
water source with each capacity about 2,000 liters/second and 4,300 liters/second.
7.1.2.2. Proposed Program
7.1.2.2.1. Potential Water Source in Bandung Regency
Bandung Regency has high potential water source. Its potential is also used by Bandung
City where located close. Topographically of this condition possible on gravity position
because located in the same Bandung Basin.
Potential water source in Bandung Regency there are: surface water and spring, as
shown on table 6 in appendix 3.
River
Other rivers which are possible to become other alternative those are Cisangkuy and
Citarum Hulu river where located far enough from location.

A. Citarum Hulu River
The distance from Citarum Hulu river where is located in Desa Pangauban Kecamatan
Pacet, more or less 23 km from Bandung City, with capacity about 480 liters/second. The
rate of flow Citarum river monthly and its fluctuation shown on table 7 in appendix 3 and
image 7.10.
Citarum River
Fluktuasi Debit Bulanan Sungai Citarum
30000
Debit kebutuhan
25000 (480 l/detik)
Deb it (L /d etik)
20000 Tahun 1999

15000
10000 Tahun 2000
5000
Tahun 2001
0
J anuari
F ebruari
Mei
J uni
J uli
O k tober
N ov ember
D es ember
Maret
September
April
Agus tus
Tahun 2002
Tahun 2003
Bulan
Image 7.10.
Monthly Fluctuation Rate of Flow Graphic of Citarum river
B. Cisangkuy River
The distance from Cisangkuy river to Bandung City area more or less 30 km. Based on
condition capacity/rate of flow the existing river, so capacity which can be used from
Cisangkuy river is about 480 liters/second.

Monthly rate of flow Cisangkuy river and its fluctuation as shown on table 8 in appendix
3 and Image 7.11.
Debit Rata-rata Bulanan Sungai Cisangkuy

50000
45000 1998
Debit (Liter/detik)
40000
35000 1999
30000
25000 2000
20000
15000 2001
10000
5000 2002
0
A g li Kebutuhan
ni
ei
F e ar i
er
ril
M i
O k ber
se r
pte s
(480 l/detik)
t
ve r
r
Ju
are
D e be
N o obe
S e st u
Ju
ua
mb
Ap
nu
m
br
t
Ja
Bulan
Image 7.11.
Monthly Fluctuation Rate of Flow Graphic of Citarum river
7.1.3. SUMEDANG REGENCY
7.1.3.1. Water Source Sumedang Regency
Generally, Sumedang Regency has many potential water sources like: springs and surface water.
But commonly, spring condition is hard used as raw water for PDAM, because the farming land and
fishing land much use water from those springs.
Potential water source Sumedang Regency basically located in Eastern while Western border to
Bandung City area which has little potential water source. Above all Sumedang Regency area
condition, which have big part outside of Bandung Basin.
7.1.3.2. The water Needs Sumedang Regency
In 2006, the population of Sumedang Regency amounting 1,066,426 people with rapid
population (r) in the amount of 1.64%. Projection of rapid population Sumedang regency

1.500.000
1.400.000

1.300.000
1.200.000
1.100.000
1.000.000
900.000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Image 7.12. The Growth of Sumedang Regency Population
7.1.3.2.2. PDAM Sumedang Regency
Sumedang Regency is served by PDAM Sumedang. In 2006 the amount of service

achieve 151,031 people with amount connection 25,475 units. The average service for
each connection achieve 5.9 people/connection.
Selling capacity from PDAM Sumedang Regency in 2006 about 141.1 liters/second. If it is
compared by 2004 has increased, as shown on image 7.13.
600,0
Tahun 2004
500,0 Tahun 2006
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
-
Kapasitas Kapasitas Kapasitas
Terpasang Produksi Penjualan
Image 7.13. Condition of PDAM Sumedang Regency System Capacity
Until now, PDAM Sumedang Regency has been using springs, rivers and Deep well as raw
water. Source capacity which has been owned (according to SIPA) as much as 1,685.8

liters/second, and capacity which is taken from its water sources as much as 488
liters/second.
7.1.3.2.3. The Growth of Water Needs in Sumedang Regency
Production capacity of PDAM Sumedang Regency today (in 2006) are about 262
Liters/second, those capacities predicted decrease frequently to the year 2025. On the
other side the needs of water will increase as long as the growth of population.
Service target in 2015 is 20% and 2025 is 30% and the use of average water planned
amount of 90 liters/person/day, as shown on table 9 in appendix 3.
According to service target ,so water needs in 2015 predicted will achieve about 435
liters/second and in 2025 achieve about 804 liters/second, as shown on image 7.14.
900
800
Kapasitas Sistem (Liter/detik)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
-
2006 2015 2025
Image 7.14. The Growth of Water Needs in Sumedang Regency
Water capacity which is needed to fulfill the service target so in 2015 and 2025 needed
new water source with each capacity about 173 liters/second and 542 liters/second.
7.1.3.3. Program Proposed
7.1.3.3.1. Potential Water Sources in Sumedang Regency
Potential water source in Sumedang Regency basically just can be used to fulfill
community needs in Sumedang Regency area, just a little bit can be used to fulfill the
needs of Bandung City, as shown on Table 10 in appendix 3.

7.1.3.3.2. Springs
There are many springs in Sumedang Regency which have inventories more than 37
locations with capacity about 3,800 liters/second. But the big enough spring and potential
to be used for raw water source are 5 locations there are, Cinangsi, Cipelang, Cikandung,
Cipaneunteun and Cicaneang spring.
Capacity which can be used from 5 is 1,179 liters/second. This spring will be used to
fulfill water needs in Sumedang Regency.
The problems faced to use those spring is the rejection from community to allow it
become drinking water source. Because they are worry their farm cannot be watered
sufficiently.
Rivers
The rivers which possible to become water source there are: Citarik, Cimanuk and
Cipelang river.
A. Citarik River
Citarik river is located about ± 15 km from Bandung City. Rate of flow is little in the dry
season so the small rocks in the beneath of river can be seen clearly. Based on
observation which has been done Citarik river can be used as water source through
construct a dam. Water can be used as raw water through the dam which capacity about
100 liters/second.

Citarik River
B. Cimanuk River
Cimanuk river is a big river which have water minimum capacity about 6,500
liters/second.

C. Cipelang River
Cipelang river includes big river which have big minimum capacity about 550
liters/second.
7.1.4. SUBANG REGENCY
7.1.4.1. Water Source Subang Regency
Subang Regency is an area which have many potential water source where can be found many
water sources used for raw water for PDAM Subang Regency. But Subang Regency outside of
Bandung Basin, so that it is hard to fulfill the water needs of Bandung City.
7.1.4.2. The Water Needs of Subang Regency
In 2003, the populations of Subang Regency are about 1,385,849 people with rapid
population (r) about 1.65%, so the growth of population of Subang Regency as shown on
Image 7.15.
2.100.000
2.000.000
1.900.000
1.800.000
1.700.000
1.600.000
1.500.000
1.400.000
1.300.000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Image 7.15. The Growth of Subang Regency Population
7.1.4.2.2. PDAM Subang Regency
Sumedang Regency is served by PDAM Subang Regency. In 2006 the amount of services
achieve 116,464 people with amount of connection with 20,023 units. Average service
each connections achieve 6 people /connections.

Selling capacity of PDAM Subang Regency in 2006 is about 147.5 liters/second, it is little
bit decrease if compared by 2004 as shown on image 7.16.
450,0
400,0 Tahun 2004

Tahun 2006
350,0
Kapasitas (Liter/detik) 300,0
250,0
200,0
150,0
100,0
50,0
-
Kapasitas Kapasitas Kapasitas
Terpasang Produksi Penjualan
Image 7.16. Condition of PDAM Subang Regency System Capacity
Until now, PDAM Subang Regency has been using springs, rivers and deep well as raw
water. Source capacity which have been owned (according to SIPA) about 325.7
liters/second.
7.1.4.2.3. The Growth of Water Needs Subang Regency
Production capacity of PDAM Subang Regency today (in 2006) is about 368.7
Liters/second. In the future the water needs will increase as long as the growth of
population.
Service target in 2015 is 20% and 2025 is 30% and the use of average water planned is
120 liters/person/day, as shown on Table 12 in appendix 3.
According to service target as shown on Tables 5.23, so the water needs in 2015
predicted will achieve about 793 liters/second and 2025 achieve about 1,466
liters/second, as shown on Image 7.17.

1.600
1.400
Kapasitas Sistem (Liter/detik)

1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
-
2006 2015 2025
Image 7.17. Prediction the Growth of Water Needs in Subang Regency
Water capacity which is needed to fulfill those service target so in 2015 and 2025
needed new water source with each capacity about 424 liters/second and 1,097
liters/second.
7.1.4.3. Proposed Program
7.1.4.3.1. Potential Water Source in Subang Regency
Water source which can be used as raw water of PDAM in Subang Regency area is much
enough, but just can be used for Subang Regency area, mainly springs, besides can be
found surface water which has good quality.
Those are hard to used for Bandung City because of outside Bandung Basin so that need
big energy to send them.
7.1.4.3.2. Springs
In Subang Regency can be found many springs,potential spring are:
Cipunagara Lake.
The wide of Cipunagara Lake about 4.25 Ha with 1,5 meters deep. Capacity of overflow
Cipunagara Lake are about 184 liters/second from catchments wide about 41.97 Ha.
Cipondoh Spring
The overflow capacity from Cipondoh spring achieve about 2,200 liters/second.
Nowadays the use of water source still a little by : PDAM Subang Regency and PT. Aqua

which use each about 20 liters/ second. The resto f capacity about 2.2 m3/second hasn’t
been used and directly flow to Cipunagara river.
Mukanagara Lake
Mukanagara Lake flow the passed water to every branch flow through little channels with
capacity about 25 liters/second.
Cimincul Spring
Cimincul Spring, natural pool have been shallow and decrease flow of water. Passed
water from spring predicted 125 liters/second,
Rivers
Rivers which can be used as water source there are:
Cikaruncang River
Water river capacity about 915.9 liters/second, derived from catchment area about
498.15 Ha.
Cipunegara River
Cipunagara river which is located between 2 dams Upper and Down Cipatat have water
capacity about 0.825 m3/second.
• Cipunagara River (Cibogo Area)
The flow of Cipunagara river reside Cibogo bridge, which a segment on middle part of
Cipunagara river. The flow capacity is predicted about 13 m3/second.
• Cilamatan River (Cibogo Area)
The flow capacity in this river flow is predicted about 4 m3/second.
7.1.4.4. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF PDAM BANDUNG CITY
As has explained above so the water needs for Bandung City in 2015 and 2025, each of them are
about 3,700 liters/second and 5,700 liters/second. To fulfill those water needs so it has been
planned to take water from Bandung City area and additional capacity from Bandung Regency
area, Sumedang Regency and Subang Regency.

For planning of 2015 so it has been planned development program with additional capacity, as
shown on image 7.18 with each capacity as shown on Tables 13 in appendix 3.
SUBANG REGENCY SUMEDANG REGENCY
Cikaruncang river Citarik river

Bukit Tunggul cap. = 100 L/s
cap. = 300 L/s
BANDUNG CITY
Cikapundung river Cikapundung river

Dago Bengkok Dago Pakar
cap. = 600 L/s Tambahan Kap. = 60 L/s
Additional Amount
Cap.= 280 L/det Cikapundung river
Siliwangi
Additional cap. = 20 L/s
PDAM Bandung Reduction

Existing Capacity = 2.576 L/sec cap. = 700 L/sec
BANDUNG REGENCY
Total Tambahan
Kap.= 3100 L/det Deep well
cap. = 100 L/s
Retention pool
capacity = 200 L/s
Cisangkuy river
Cimenteng
Kap. = 1000 L/s
Citarum upstream
cap. = 400 L/s
Cisangkuy river
Sentosa irrigation
Image 7.18.cap. = 1400 L/s
Providing
Citarum Upstream
Water Source Scheme Bandung City in 2015
Cisanti Lake
cap. = 200 L/s

7.2. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
7.2.1. PDAM Bandung City
7.2.1.1. Production capacity, extension number, and Sold Water
PDAM Bandung City operated with the onboard capacity 2,867 liters/second. During the 2005-2007
periods, that onboard capacity was used around 90 % per year. With the main water resource are
took from surface water resources (river). The total loss water was counted based on total water
production subtracted with total water sold and divided with the total water production. In last two
years, 2006 and 2007, the rate of water loss is decreased 2%. These things happened because of
the decrease in the number of water production or there is a increasing in the number of
production efficiency, or combining both two things. As follows, the total of water sold in Bandung
city’s PDAM had been stagnant that maybe caused by the small number of water resource.
During 2005-2007 period, the number of stagnant costumer/extension just is 143,003 liters. Some
of the costumers with the percentage 96.8% are a household costumer. While the commerce and
industry costumer only 0.8% from the costumer total. With the number of employee relatively
constant, small growth of customers also make the employee – extension ratio are not change
during the period. As follows from the growth of costumer number, and the growth of water
production, also the decrease on water loss level, the average of water sold growth is 5.6% during
2005-2007 periods.
Some of the water sold, around 80.6% are consumed by the household costumer. Meanwhile, the
industrial costumer consumed around 13.0% of the water sold. With the number of costumers do
not change even a negative growth, a commerce costumer only absorb 1.1% from the water sold,
smaller than the social costumer consumed, social consumer consumed 5.4%.
7.2.1.2. Operational Income
The consumption of water per costumer is 24 m3 , around 94.15% from the total operational
income came from water sales and the rest 5.85% are come from non water sales, for example
new extension income, re-connect income, and also fine income. In 2006 the fare increase 30%
causing the income from the water sales growth 18.2% per year during 2005-2007, even the
number of sold water only grow 5.6% at the same period. Largest portion of water sales, come
from the household costumer, and industrial costumer with each contribution 70.1% and 24.7%
from the water sales total. On the other hand, water sales from social costumer are growing 25.0%
per year during 2005-2007 periods. Meanwhile the water sales for household costumer, commerce
costumer, and industrial costumer are grown 19.2%, 16.0%, 15.2% each at the same period.

7.2.1.3. Periodic operational cost
A periodic operational cost and PDAM Subang Regency maintenance, include all the components
are show in tables 19 in appendix 3. Like other PDAM’s, an employment cost is the component
with the biggest portion, 34.0% from total operational cost. The next biggest cost components are
depreciation cost, administration cost, and electrical cost, with each portion 18.9%, 15.1%, and
14.1%.
Generally, operational cost during 2005-2007 periods are increasing, on the average 5% per year
that caused from a big raise in 2006, amounts 25.0%. PDAM itself was able to reduce the growth
in operational cost in 2007, where the operational cost only growth 5%. However, this raise still
bigger than the raise in the operational income, with the average value 16.9% per year during the
same period. It affects the operational ratio only move a little from 94% in 2005 becoming 96% in
2007.
The growth size of receivable qualifying cost on 2005, amounts 448.0% shows the less effective of
the PDAM’s receivable treatment that is marked by the increase in time length to collect the
receivable, from 69 days in 2004 becoming 72 days in 2005. However, PDAM itself was able to
repair it on next couple years, proofed with the declined the receivable qualifying cost, amounts
31.3% in 2007. The time length itself becomes 67 days. Meanwhile the average raise in 2005,
amounts 561.9% along with 12.2% increase of the water production total in the same year.
The administration cost also had an increase that is pretty significant, amounts 24.6% per year
during 2005-2007 periods. This increase was affected by the 46.8% increased in 2006. Then PDAM
will be able to press the administration cost becoming 2.2% on the next year.
As we know, the raw water that is used by Bandung city’s PDAM is come from natural spring water
and the surface water (river). With the water production total relatively stables, the decrease in
chemical material average amounts 21.3% per year during 2005-2007. It shows the good quality
of mutual water that is used by Bandung city’s PDAM.
The growth in employment cost during 2005-2007, amounts 13.5% is affected by the increase in
2006, amounts 21.6% caused from the salary adjustment. This adjustment happened after the fare
adjustment. Meanwhile the growth in electrical cost and fuel, amounts 11.0% in the same period
affected by the electrical and fuel fare adjustment. In the other hand, maintenance cost growth
16.8% per year along with the fixed assets growth, 14.1% per year.

7.2.1.4. Receivable and current ratio
PDAM’s receivable claim is getting better, as seen on tables 20 in appendix 3 , it can be seen from
the decrease in receivable claim time length, from 72 days in 2005 becoming 67 days in 2007. And
so do with the receivable ratio concerning water sales is decreasing, from 18.3% in 2005 becoming
17.5% in 2007. Although we saw a bit descend, the current ratio is liable to be stables around 1.0
to 1.4 in the same period.
7.2.1.5. Long term Payable
From the PDAM Bandung City finance report, as seen in the table 21 in appendix 3, the long term
payable balance on December 31st 2007 is Rp 2.6 billion. While, a become due long term payable is
Rp 2.9 billion, that consist stake payable arrears, interest payable arrears, bank service, interest
fine, and also stake payable fine. The increase in become due long term payable portion during
2005-2007 indicated that PDAM Bandung City has not fulfilled the payment of due long term
payable.
Debt Solvency Capability Ratio (DSCR) looks pretty good and keeps growing from 2.19 in 2005
becomes 1.08 in 2007. It means Bandung city’s PDAM operational profit cannot fulfill long term
payable payment (prime and interest) that becomes due in every year.
7.2.1.6. Average fare
PDAM Bandung City average fare, as shows from the table 22 in appendix 3, was counted base on
water sales divided to water sold number. Meanwhile average cost counted from total operational
cost (cash operational cost add to depreciation cost and interest cost) divided to total water sold.
Average cost grows 0% per year during 2005-2007.
Meanwhile, based on the 2nd/1998 domestic government ordinance there are three kinds of fare
category, which are:
• Low fare cost, included cash operational and maintenance cost including employment cost and
public administration cost.
• Base fare cost, included low fare cost add to payable payment (prime and interest).
• Complete fare cost, included low fare cost add to depreciation and 10% rate of return from the
evaluated assets book price.
On the other hand, table 23 in appendix 3 shows 2005-2007 PDAM Subang Regency low fare cost
development, basic fare cost, and complete fare cost. Meanwhile, the average fare for each
costumer group during 2005-2007 can be seen in the tables below:

7.2.1.7. PDAM Bandung City fund source
PDAM Bandung City drinking water sector funding is procurable from many sources, which are:
1. Center Government capital participation in from a center government expense for consultant
loan, DIP for soiled water BUDP II project, UNICEF aid, Consultant cost form Dutch (GON) and
others till 2006, amounts Rp. 40.184.142.864,-
2. Local Government (Bandung city) capital participation in form a couple of assets that
accumulated until 2006, amounts Rp. 3.224.617.617,-
3. a capital donation from Developer, PAB Dirjen Cipta Karya, Bandung’s Housing Authority,
Province government, PPD{SE-AB and others till accumulated in amounts Rp. 4.702.448.426,-
4. Long term payable from RDI, ADB, Domestic loan, and Dutch (GON) loan until 2006 prime
liabilities amounts Rp. 146.518.063.404,-
5. General reserve that formed by the accumulated past years operational income till 2006,
amounts Rp. 5.952.483.592,-
Bandung city’s PDAM have paid to Bandung’s government, amounts Rp. 34.250.000.000,- that
counted as a profit deposit until 2006.
7.2.2. PDAM Bandung Regency
PDAM Bandung Regency operated with the onboard capacity 746 liters/second in 2007. During the
2005-2007 periods, that onboard capacity was used around 79.8 % per year. With the main water
resource are took from natural spring water and the surface water resources (river).
The total loss water in the table 24 in appendix 3 was counted based on total water production
subtracted with total water sold and divided with the water production total. In 2005-2007, the
rate of water loss is increase 0.1%. These things happen because the water sold total decrease is
larger than the water production total decrease in the same period, just like what happen in
Bandung regency’s PDAM.
Even the water sold had been decreased in 2005-2007, the costumers / extension number is
growing, amounts average 2.7% per year (table 25 in appendix 3). Like other PDAM some of the
costumers are household group. Meanwhile the commerce and industrial costumer is only 2.9%
from the costumer total. Employees – Extension ratio are relatively stables on range 6-7 the
number of employees were decreasing, from 327 in 2005 becomes 307 in 2007.

During 2005-2007 period, the number of costumers/extension decrease 0.4% on the average each
year. The biggest descent come from social costumer and followed with the industrial costumers
and commerce costumers, amounts 24.9%, 8.7%, and 2.9% each. Meanwhile, the household
costumers only grow for 1.7% per year. The special costumers have the biggest growth, on the
average 80.4% per year.
industrial costumer consumed around 2.9% of the water sold, smaller than the social costumer
consumed and special costumer, social consumer consumed 3.9% and special costumer consumed
6.0% during the 2005-2007 periods (table 26 in appendix 3)
The consumption of water per costumer is 16 m3 , around 91.1% from the total operational income
came from water sales and the rest 8.4% come from non water sales, for example new extension
income, re-connect income, and also fine income that counted 0.5% from the total operational
income (table 27 in appendix 3).
Largest portion of water sales, as seen in table 28 in appendix 3, come from the household
costumers, and industrial costumers with each contribution number 83.3% and 14.5% from the
water sales total. On the other hand, water sales from industrial costumers and special costumers
have the largest growth, around 175.5% and 63.0% during 2005-2007. Meanwhile the water sales
for household costumers, commerce costumers, and social costumers grow 0.1%, 1.9%, 23.2%
each at the same period.
A periodic operational cost and PDAM Bandung Regency maintenance, include all the components
are shown on tables 29 in appendix 3 . Like other PDAM’s, an employment cost is the component
with the biggest portion, 35.2% from operational cost total. The next biggest cost components are
depreciation cost and administration cost, with each portion 18.9% and 15.8%,
Generally, operational cost during 2005-2007 periods are increasing, on the average 9.2% per year
that caused from a big raise in 2006, amounts 20.6%. PDAM itself was able to reduce the growth
in operational cost in 2006 and 2007, where the operational cost only growth 1.3% and 5.7%.
However, this raising is still bigger than the raising in the operational income, with the average
value 0.2% per year during the same period. It causes the operational ratio only move a little from
105.1% in 2005 becoming 98.4% in 2007.
The growth size of receivable qualifying cost on 2005, amount 403.0% shows the less effective of

repair it on next couple years; proved with the time length itself becomes 67 days.
In 2005, the raw water cost is growing, around 172.3%. But in the next two years, 2006-2007, it
will followed with the decrease in water production number, the raw water cost also decreased
amounts 44.4% and 33.4% each. The administration also had an average grow that pretty
significant, amount 14.5% per year during 2006-2007. That is affected by the increased on office
cost and miscellaneous cost. A product capacity utilization, and water production decreased also is
affected the decline in chemical material consumption, and the decline in chemical material cost,
amounts 1.8% per year during 2005-2007.
The descent of employment cost during 2005-2007, is affecting the increase in employment during
2006-2007, amounts 4.5%. Meanwhile the growth in electrical and fuel cost around 10.1% during
the same period caused by the electrical basic fare and fuel price adjustments.
On the other hand from the maintenance cost growth 11.0% per year, larger from the negative
fixed assets growth, amounts 4.5% per year.
PDAM’s receivable claim is getting better, as seen on table 30 in appendix 3 ; it can be seen from
From the Bandung Regency’s PDAM finance report, as seen in the table 31 in appendix 3 the long
term payable balance at December 31st 2007 is Rp 12.5 billion. While, a become due long term
payable is Rp 4.5 billion, that consist stake payable arrears, interest payable arrears, bank service,
interest fine, and also stake payable fine. The increase in become due long term payable portion
during 2005-2007 indicated that PDAM Bandung Regency has not fulfilled the payment become due
long term payable. Debt Solvency Capability Ratio (DSCR) looks pretty good and proved by PDAM
Bandung Regency operational profit can fulfill long term payable payment (prime and interest)
twice that becomes due in every year.
PDAM Bandung regency average fare, as is shown from the table 32 in appendix 3, was counted
base on water sales divided to water sold number. Meanwhile average cost counted from total
operational cost (cash operational cost add to depreciation cost and interest cost) divided to total
water sold. Average cost grows 9.2% per year during 2005-2007. Now the average fare grows a bit
better, 12.55, in the same period. This average fare growth is donated by the fare adjustment

since 2003. However, just like the operational ratio represent, an average fare only able to fill
98.4% from the average cost that PDAM Bandung Regency issued.
Meanwhile, based on the 2nd/1998 domestic government ordinance there are three kind of fare
category, which are:
In the other hand, table 33 in appendix 3 shows 2005-2007 PDAM Bandung Regency low fare cost
costumers group during 2005-2007 can be seen in the tables below:
7.2.2.7. PDAM Bandung regency funding source
PDAM Bandung Regency drinking water sector funding is procurable from many sources, which are:
1. Central government: accumulated drink water infrastructure project value. From West Java
PPSAB project, Ditjen Cipta Karya project, and others till 2006, amounts Rp.
25.815.380.331,-
2. Local Assets that separated till 2006, amounts Rp. 12.467.668.649,-
3. Donation from developer and Soreang’s National Housing authority, amounts Rp.
3.512.978.988,-
4. Domestic payable (RDA/DDI) as loan resumption (SLA) from Center Government, 2006
residue, amounts Rp. 1.750.575.715,-
5. International payable (RDA/DDI) as a loan resumption (SLA) from center government from
Bandung regency’s PDAM project, December 31st 2006 loan residue, amounts Rp.
14.865.154.345,-
7.2.3. PDAM Sumedang Regency
PDAM Sumedang Regency operated with the fluctuated onboard capacity. PDAM have 236.9
liter/second onboard capacity in 2007. With the main water resource are took from natural spring
water and the surface water resources (river) and drilled water The total loss water in the table 34
in appendix 3 was counted based on total water production subtracted with total water sold and

divided with the water production total. In 2005-2007, the rate of water loss is increase 2.2%.
These things happen because the water sold total decrease is larger than the water production
total decrease in the same period, just like what happen in PDAM Sumedang Regency.
Even the water sold had been decreased in 2005-2007, the costumers/extension number is
growing, average amounts 1.5% per year. Like other PDAM some of the costumers are household
group. Meanwhile the employees – Extension ratio are relatively stables during 2005-2007 even
the number of employees was 238 people in 2007 (table 35 in appendix 3).
7.2.3.2. Operational income
According to the table 36 in appendix 3, operational income came from water sales and the rest
8.4% are come from non water sales, for example new extension income, re-connect income, and
also fine income that counted 0.5% from the total operational income.
7.2.3.3. Periodic Operational cost
A periodic operational cost and PDAM Sumedang Regency maintenance include all the components
are shown in table 37 in appendix 3. Like other PDAM’s, an employment cost is the component with
the biggest portion. And next biggest cost components are depreciation cost and administration
cost.
Generally, operational cost during 2006-2007 periods are increasing, that caused from a big raise
in 2007. But this operational cost growth is bigger than the operational income growth in the same
period. The receivable elimination cost size in 2006, amounts 520% shows the less effective of the
PDAM’s receivable management. Meanwhile the administration cost also affecting the growth
average that pretty significant, that affected by the office cost and miscellaneous cost.
7.2.3.4. Long Term Payable
From the PDAM Bandung Regency finance report, as seen on the table 38 in appendix 3 the long
payable is Rp 4.02 billion, that consist stake payable arrears, interest payable arrears, bank
service, interest fine, and also stake payable fine. The increase in become due long term payable
portion during 2005-2007 indicated that PDAM Sumedang Regency has not fulfilled the payment
become due long term payable.
Debt Solvency Capability Ratio (DSCR) looks pretty good and proofed by PDAM Bandung Regency
operational profit can fulfill ( ) long term payable payment (prime and interest) that becomes due
in every year.

PDAM Sumedang Regency average fare, as shows from the table 39 in appendix 3 , was counted
base on water sales divided by water sold number. However, just like the operational ratio
represent, an average fare only able to fill 98.4% from the average cost that PDAM Sumedang
Regency issued. In the other hand, tables 39 shows 2005-2007 PDAM Sumedang Regency low fare
cost development, basic fare cost, and complete fare cost. Meanwhile, the average fare for each
costumers group during 2005-2007 can be seen on the table 40 in appendix 3:
7.2.3.6. PDAM Sumedang Regency fund sources
PDAM Sumedang Regency fund sources come from:
1. Subang Regency’s government budget in 2007, amounts Rp. 801.794.532.161,28 that

comprise with states apparatus expenditure (periodic), amounts Rp. 498.099.943.467,81 (
62,12%) and public service expenditure cost (foundation),amounts Rp. 303.694.588.693,47 (
37,88%).
2. PDAM Sumedang Regency investment in 2007, amounts Rp. 6.211.600.00,00 with the details:
come form DAK amounts Rp. 2.333.000.000,00, Regency’s government budget, amounts Rp.
3.021.000.000,00, and also Province government budget, amounts Rp. 520.000.000,00
3. The fund resource in increasing Sumedang Regency’s drinking water effort all this time
supported by the special allocation fund, in the future the public allocation fund will be pressed
than the other fund resource (state government budget / regency’s government budget /
province government budget / PDAM / Private / International Loan).
7.2.4. PDAM Subang Regency
PDAM Subang Regency operates with the onboard capacity 413, 62 liter/second. During the 2005-
2006 periods, that onboard capacity was used around 67.7 % per year. With the main water
resource are took from natural spring water and the surface water resources (Table 41 in appendix
3). The total loss water in the tables above was counted based on total water production
subtracted with total water sold and divided by the water production total. In the last two years,
2006 and 2007, the rate of water loss decreased 8.7%. These things happened because of the
decrease in the number of water production or there is a increasing in the number of production
efficiency, or combining both two things. As follows, the total of water sold in PDAM Subang

Regency has grown 5.6% on the average per year during 2005-2007 periods and bigger from the
average growth of total water production at the same period (Table 42 in appendix 3).
During 2005-2007 periods, the numbers of costumer/extension just grow 4.6% on the average
each year. Some of the costumers with the percentage 96.8% are household costumers. While the
commerce and industry costumers only 0.8% from the total costumers. With the number of
employee relatively constant, small growth of customers also make the employee ratio – extension
are not change during the period. As follows from the growth of costumer number, and the growth
of water production, also the decrease on water loss level, the average of water sold growth is
5.6% during 2005-2007 periods (table 43 in appendix 3).
industrial costumer consumed around 13.0% of the water sold. With the number of costumers have
not changed even a negative growth, commerce costumers only absorb 1.1% from the water sold,
smaller than the social costumers consumed, social consumers consumed 5.4%.
According to the table 44 in appendix 3, with the consumption of water per costumer is 19 m3 ,
around 94.15% from the total operational income came from water sales and the rest 5.85% are
come from non water sales, for example new extension income, re-connect income, and also fine
income. In 2006 the fare increase 30% causing the income from the water sales growth 18.2% per
year during 2005-2007, even the number of sold water only grow 5.6% at the same period.
Largest portion of water sales, as seen in tables 1.5, come from the household costumers, and
industrial costumers with each contribution 70.1% and 24.7% from the total water sales. On the
other hand, water sales from social costumers are growing 25.0% per year during 2005-2007
periods. Meanwhile the water sales for household costumers, commerce costumers, and industrial
costumers grow 19.2%, 16.0%, 15.2% each at the same period (table 45 in appendix 3)..
A periodic operational cost and PDAM Subang Regency maintenance, includes all the components
are shown on table 46 in appendix 3. Like other PDAM’s, an employment cost is the component
with the biggest portion, 34.0% from total operational cost. The next biggest cost components are
depreciation cost, administration cost, and electrical cost, with each portion 18.9%, 15.1%, and
14.1%.
Generally, operational cost during 2005-2007 periods are increasing, on the average 17.7% per
year that caused from a big raise in 2006, amounts 25.0%. PDAM itself was able to reduce the
growth in operational cost in 2007, where the operational cost only growth 11.7%. However, this
raise still bigger than the raise in the operational income, with the average value 16.9% per year

during the same period. It is caused the operational ratio only move a little from 94% in 2005
becoming 96% in 2007.
The growth size of receivable qualifying cost on 2005, amounts 448.0% shows the less effective of
repair it on next couple years, proofed with the declined the receivable qualifying cost, amounts
31.3% in 2007. The time length itself becomes 67 days. Meanwhile the average raise in 2005,
amounts 561.9% along with 12.2% increase of the water production total in the same year.
The administration cost also had an increase that is pretty significant, amounts 24.6% per year
during 2005-2007 periods. This increase was affected by the 46.8% increased in 2006. Then PDAM
will be able to press the administration cost becoming 2.2% on the next year.
As we know, the raw water that is used by PDAM Subang Regency come from natural spring water
and the surface water (river). With the water production total relatively stables, the decrease in
chemical material average amounts 22.9% per year during 2005-2007. It shows the good quality
of mutual water that is used by PDAM Subang Regency.
The growth in employment cost during 2005-2007, amounts 13.5% is affected by the increase in
2006, amounts 21.6% caused from the salary adjustment. This adjustment happened after the fare
adjustment. Meanwhile the growth in electrical cost and fuel, amounts 11.0% in the same period
affected by the electrical and fuel fare adjustment. In the other hand, maintenance cost growth
16.8% per year along with the fixed assets growth, 14.1% per year.
PDAM’s receivable claim is getting better, as seen on table 47 in appendix 3 , it can be seen from
From the PDAM Subang Regency finance report, as seen in the table 48 in appendix 3 the long
payable is Rp 2.9 billion, that consist stake payable arrears, interest payable arrears, bank service,
interest fine, and also stake payable fine. The increase in become due long term payable portion
during 2005-2007 indicated that PDAM Subang regency has not fulfilled the payment of the
become due long term payable.

Debt Solvency Capability Ratio (DSCR) looks pretty good and keeps growing from 3.4 in 2005
becomes 4.3 in 2007. It means PDAM Subang Regency operational profit can fulfill 4 (four) times
long term payable payment (prime and interest) that becomes due in every year.
PDAM Subang Regency average fare, as shows from the table 49 in appendix 3, was counted base
on water sales divided to water sold number. Meanwhile average cost counted from total
operational cost (cash operational cost add to depreciation cost and interest cost) divided to total
water sold. Average cost grows 11.5% per year during 2005-2007. Now the average fare grows a
bit better, 12.55, in the same period. This average fare grows contributed by the fare adjustment
amounts 30.0% in 2006. However, just like the operational ratio represent, an average fare only
able to fill 96% from the average cost that PDAM Subang Regency issued.
Meanwhile, based on the 2nd/1998 domestic government ordinance there are three kinds of fare
categories, which are:
In the other hand, tables 50 in appendix 3 shows 2005-2007 PDAM Subang Regency low fare cost
costumer group during 2005-2007 can be seen on the tables below:
7.2.4.7. PDAM Subang Regency Funding sources
PDAM’s development funding is included with al costs to build, escalated and improving physical
system (technique) and non physical system.
PDAM Subang Regency drinking water sector funding is procurable from many sources, which are:
1. Central government: accumulated drink water infrastructure project value.

From West Java PPSAB project and Clean water Directorate since 1986 until now, amounts
Rp. 8.954.925.783,-
2. Subang Regency local government: capital participation based on 3rd/1988 district

regulation, amounts Rp. 82.000.000,- and other participation such as land, office, building,
network, pipes procurement and accumulated cash accompaniment till 2006, amounts Rp.
2.230.829.000,-

3. Central government capital investment which is not fixed about it status such as PPSAB
Jabar/DAB/APBN projects since 1996 until 2006 accumulated, amounts Rp. 16.398.735.327,-
. From that number there is Rp. 14.241.092.100,-. (87%) which is a form of 2002-2006
investment.
4. Capital donation from Dutch government, Denmark although one of Subang’s citizen, total
amounts Rp. 918.620.392,-
5. Central government loan continuation – SLA from ADB in 2000 with the basic loan Rp.
3.264.074.400,43, that will become due, payment starts April 15th 2005, ends October 15th
2018. ( 28 x installment)
6. Loan and partners / supplier in form of short term payable with reserve formation from
company profit.
7. Since 1991-2006 PDAM Subang Regency has paid to local government Rp. 1.654.387.641,-,
which is temporarily reported as an advanced money to the local government, even the
accumulated loss, amounts Rp. 1.277.301.115,-.
7.3. LEGAL AND INSTITUSIONAL ANALYSIS
7.3.1. Basic Law for natural resources.
Basic Law for natural resources in Indonesia was stated in Section 33 (3) Undang – Undang
Dasar 1945 saying that “earth, water, and natural resources be contained inside controllable by
government and be used for the citizens prosperity.”
7.3.2. Main Discussion
Based on Undang-Undang (Regulation) no. 7 2004 about Management of Water Resources.

Section 2 stated that “Water Resources are managed according to the basis of preservation,
balanced, public benefits, faired, autonomy, and tranparancy and accountability.”
Moreover, according to Section 3 stated that “water resources controlled all together, and
knowledge of environment for the purpose of use of water resources for the citizens prosperity.”
The aim of water resources was written in Section 4 that saying that “Water Resources have social
aim, environment, and economy that have been created together.”
In Section 5, “Government guarantee every citizens to get water for their main necesitty for
everday life, to obtain the healty, clean, and productive life.”
However, Section 6 has given requierments for an institution that,
(1) Water Resources controlled by government and used for citizens prosperity.”

(2) The control that had been mean in point (1) executed by government and/or government
region with still recognize the culture of the region.
(3) Based on that, as long as it is not against the national interest and rules of Undang –
Undang (regulation).
(4) The culture of water resources that had meant in point (2) will be recognized as long as it
is existed and recognized by rules of the region.
7.3.3. River and River Allocation based on Undang-Undang.
According to Peraturan Pemerintah (Government Regulation) No.35 1991 about River and
Reservoir and Flood Restraint, Section 7 (1) & (2) stated the meaning that river have many
purposes for human life, therefore needs to be taking care their perpetuations. Under Section 14
(1) stated that the exertion of the river for the citizen prosperity carried out by the government.
Nevertheless, stated in Section 14 (3)”exertion of river and/or river building can be done by law
firm, social firm, or personally after getting an approval from government.”
Based on Peraturan Menteri (Ministry Regulation) No. 39/PRT/1989 about Area of River
Allocation. Section 1(a) stated that “river allocation” means uniformity area of irrigation
methods as a result (b) of developing one or more areas of draining river. The irrgation methods
above have explained in point (e) saying that “ irrigation methods” means structure and position of
water resources and/or building of irrigation based on stipulation building technique in certain
irrgation area.
The purpose of making river allocation which stated in Section 2 where “the arrangement and
river allocation area means to guarantee the efforts of protection, water developing by means of
comprehensive and integrated in one draining river area or more, as a purpose of giving all
benefits for citizen needs.”
On other words, Peraturan Menteri (Ministry Regulation) No.39/PRT/1989 can be concluded

that it is possible to collaborate in all water resources according to the rules of building technique
as long as for the purpose of citizens.
7.3.4. Example of Public Institution under Undang-Undang (Regulation).
Government Regulation No.5 1990 about Jasa Tirta Public Institution. Section 2 stated “to
manage exploitation and protection of draining infrastructure and water exertion and water
resources, it has established Public Institution as it was stated in Undang-Undang (Regulation)
No.9 1969 under name Jasa Tirta Public Institution.”
Section 3 (1) stated the purpose of building Jasa Tirta Public Institution. In which it was written
“an Institution that make an exploitation and infrastructure protection also cultivate the water and
water resources.”

Section 5 (1) means “the characteristic of the institution is to provide services for the public
usefulness and also to cultivate profit based on the principle of institution management.”
Futhermore, Section 5(2) means “the aim of building the institution is to provide public usefulness
in water and water resources in good quality and to fulfill the needs of people, also to do some
tasks that government has given in management of a stream river area, that includes protection of
developing and the use of river and/or water resources including giving information,
recommendation, illumunation, and training.”
Lastly, Section 5(3) has given “the aim of the institution is to build national economy as to play a
role in national developing programs in the area of management water and water resources.”
7.3.5. Alternatives to build an institution according to Undang-Undang.
(A) The Establishment of Committee of System Management in Water Dati I (Province

Level)
Public Work Ministerial Regulation No. 67/PRT/1993 Article 2 subsection 1 & 2 states what
“(1) There should be a committee of water management system in every Dati I (Province
Level). (2) The formation of water management system committee in Dati I (Province
Level) as stated in subsection (I) is determined by Governor.”
Article 3 subsection (1) & (2) mentions “(1)The Committee of Water Management
System in Dati I (Province Level) is responsible to Governor. (2) The Committee of Water
Management System Dati I (Province Level) is a forum of communication in coordinating
the system of water management in Dati I (Province Level).”
Article 4 mentions that “The Committee of Water Management System Dati I (Province
Level) has a forum which can assist Governor in performing his authority in coordinating
the system of water management based on Article 8 Indonesian Government Regulation
No. 22 Year 1982 covering the followings:
a. Determining plan for water resource priority and/ or water resource;
b. Determining priority order in using water and/ or water resource in the plan of
protecting, developing, and using the water resource;
c. Managing the use of water and/ or water resource;
d. Managing waste water drainage and other sewage;
e. Managing construction of irrigation and other construction for water resource;
f. Managing solutions for problems which probably come.
Article 5 mentions that the committee of Water Management System of Dati I

(Province Level) has a responsibility for :

a. Collecting, processing and preparing things essential for determining Government’s

policies of what are in Article 3, which in accordance with available national policies of
water management system;
b. Giving considerations and/ or suggestions on the solutions to Governor as the Head of

Dati I(Province Level) for coordinating problems related to implementation of water
supply and the use of water;
c. Introducing a supervision on the implementation of coordinative decision made by

Governor;
d. Making a periodic report, or whenever it is needed, on the implementation of his jobs

to the Governor and Minister of Public Work (PU).
(B) Establishment of Water Resource Management Centre in Department of Province

Public Work
According to Public Work Ministerial Regulation No. 179/1996 (Kepmen PU No.179/1996) :
a. “Water Resource Management Center is a unit of technical implementations which is

responsible for implementing some jobs of Public Work Department (Dinas Pekerjaan
Umum) or Public Work Watering (Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Pengairan) Dati I (Province
Level) in Water Management sector which is formed with Dati I Regulation (Perda)
based on secretary of the interior’s decision No. 179 Year 1996 (Kepmendagri (Decision
of Minister of Internal Affair) No. 179/1996) on the Organization Guidance and Working
System of Water Resource Management Centre.”
b.Water resource management coordinating institution is an institution for all persons in

the interest of water resource sector in making coordination for integrating the needs
of various sectors, territories, and the water resource interest people.
c. The exertion of water resource to one or more river territory (lies) is an exertion on one
place in one river territory or underground water basin for using water, using water
container, and using water resource (which can be implemented with collaboration).
d.Regional-Owned Company (BUMD) in water resource management is a corporation

belongs to region which is formed by regional government and its modal belongs to the
regional government taken from the territorial wealth which is a part from share and
with consideration that public service is the most important in water resource exertion
with the purpose of raising up social function, living environment conservation and
economy.
e. Licensing cost is regional retribution, which is collected by regional administration as a

payment for service or specific permission which is given by regional government to
individual institution.
f. Service cost on water resource management is the cost required for managing water
resource with the purpose of using water resource effectively and continuously. This
cost should be paid by those who get the service to the water resource organizer. The

service cost is not the cost for water but it is for replacing a part of cost used for water
resource management.
(C) Establishment of Team Coordinating Water Resource Management
According to Article 8 subsections (1), (2), (3), & (4) Presidential Decree 123 Year
2004 on Water Resource Coordinating Institution, it is written :
(1) For optimizing the implementation of water resource management policy in

Province, Governor can make a coordinating institution of water resource
management in the Province level.
(2) For optimizing the implementation of water resource management policy in

regency/city, regency administration officer/mayor can make a coordinating
institution for water resource management in regency/city level.
(3) Work relationship between Team Coordinating Water Resource Management and
the coordinating institution of water resource management in regional level is
consultative and coordinative.
(4) The minister of settlement and regional infrastructure as the executive director of
Water Resource Coordinating Team determines a guidance for establishing water
resource management coordinating institution in regional level.
Article 9 subsection (1) & (2) mentions about things related to the cost of team,
(1) All expense for implementing the coordinating team of water resource management
and secretariat will be borne by the Budget of Department of Settlement and
Regional Infrastructure.
(2) All expense for implementing the activities of coordinating institution of water
resource management in regional level will be borne by Regional Income and
Budget.
[Back to Point 2 for Water Resource Management]
(D) Development of Drinking Water Supplying System
According to Government Regulation 16 Year 2005
Article 1: General Condition
a. Drinking water is an activity to supply drinking water for meeting people needs to
have healthy, clean, and productive life.
b. The system of drinking water supply (SDWS) is a unit of physical (technical) and non-
physical system of infrastructure and drinking water medium.

c. The SDWS development is an activity with the purpose of building, expanding and/or
improving physical (technical) and non-physical (institution, management, finance,
society’s role, and law) in an intact unit for supplying drinking water to people for a
better condition.
d. The implementation of SDWS development is an activity of planning, constructing,

managing, maintaining, rehabilitating, monitoring, and/or evaluating physical
(technical) and non-physical system of drinking water supply.
e. Implementation of SDWS development which is called as an operator is Regional

Government corporation, cooperation, private corporation, and/or a group of people
who carries out the development of system for drinking water supply.
f. Operator is an individual, a group of people or an institution who/which get(s) service

of drinking water from operator.
Article 2: SDWS Development Control
SDWS development control is carried out in an integrated way with developing

infrastructure and medium of sanitation related to drinking water.
Article 3: SDWS Development
Development of SDWS is carried out based on environmental conservation, equilibrium,

public benefit, unity, harmony, continuity, justness, autonomy, transparency and
accountability.
Article 4: Control of Development
The control SDWS development is for:
a. The existence of management and qualified drinking water service with a reasonable
price;
b. Achieving the balance need between consumers and suppliers; and
c. Achieving the efficiency improvement and the coverage of drinking water service.
Article 5: SDWS Method
(1) SDWS can be carried out through piping network and/or non-piping network
system(s)
(2) SDWS using piping network as mentioned in subsection (1) covers raw water unit,
production unit, distribution unit, service unit, and management unit.
(3) SDWS using non-piping network as mentioned in subsection (1) covers shallow
wells, hand-pumping wells, rain-storing tanks, containers, water terminals, water
tank car, packaging water installations, or buildings for protecting springs.

(4) SDWS as mentioned in subsection (1) should be managed well and continually.
(5) Technical stipulations of SDWS non-piping network as mentioned in subsection (3)

will be further determined with the Ministerial Regulations.
Article 6: SDWS Product
(1) Drinking water produced from SDWS and used by customers should meet the
quality determined by regulations of the Minister of Health Affair.
(2) Unqualified drinking water as mentioned in subsection (1) is forbidden to be

distributed.
Article 7: Raw water unit
(1) Raw water unit as mentioned in Article 5 subsection (2) comprises the building for
storing water, building for tapping water, equipment for measuring and monitoring,
pumping system, and/or building as a medium for transferring and its equipment.
(2) Raw water unit as mentioned in Article (1), is a medium for tapping or supplying
raw water.
Article 8: The Quality of Raw Water Unit
(1) Raw water must meet the quality determined for supplying drinking water which is
in accordance with the stipulation of legislation regulations.
(2) Government and Regional Administration give a guarantee for raw water supply as
mentioned in subsection (1).
(3) For the efficiency use of raw water, Government and the Regional Administration
can make a regional collaboration.
(4) The use of raw water for drinking water business must be with a license of water
concession based on the legislation regulations.
(5) The use of raw water for meeting the needs of non-business group of people should
be with a license of right to make use of water based on the legislation regulations.
(6) The use of raw water especially from underground water and springs should
consider the needs of conservation and environment destroy prevention which is in
accordance with the legislation regulations.
Article 9: Production Unit
(1) Production unit as mentioned in Article 5 subsection (2) is the infrastructure and
medium which can be used for processing water from underground water to
drinking water through the physical, chemical or biological process.
(2) Production unit as mentioned in subsection (1), comprises the building for
processing and its equipment, operational equipment, measuring and monitoring
tools, and building for storing drinking water.

(3) Last sewage from processing raw water into drinking water as mentioned in
subsection (1) must be first processed before it is disposed to raw water resource
and open area.
Article 10: Service Unit
(1) Distribution unit as mentioned in Article 5 subsection (2) comprises pumping

system, distribution network, storing building, measuring and monitoring tools.
(2) Distribution unit must give a certainty for quantity, water quality, and the
continuity of water flow.
(3) Continuity as mentioned in subsection (2) must be guaranteed for 24 hours/day

flow of water.
Article 11: Service Unit
(1) Service unit as mentioned in Article 5 subsection (2) comprises home connection,
public hydrant, and fire hydrant.
(2) There should be a water meter for measuring service units on home connections
and public hydrants.
(3) To guarantee for the accuracy, a water meter as mentioned in subsection (2) must
be periodically and officially stamped.
Article 12 : Management Unit
(1) The management unit as shown in Article 5 subsection 2 comprises technical

management and non-technical management.
(2) The technical management as mentioned in subsection (1) comprises operational,

maintaining and monitoring activities of raw water unit, production unit and
distribution unit.
(3) The non-technical management as mentioned in subsection (1) comprises

administration and service.
Article 13: Technical definition
The technical definition concerning raw water unit, production unit, distribution unit,
service unit, and management unit is then defined by Ministerial Regulations.
(E) The Formation of Public Service Institution

Based on Government Regulation 23, year 2005, Article 1,
(1) Public Service Institution, hence is called BLU, is a non-profit government institution
developed to supply goods or services to communities for their activities based on
efficiency and productivity principles.

(2) The Financial Management Pattern of the Public Service Institution, hence is called PPK-
BLU, is a financial management pattern giving flexibility to apply healthy business
practices to enhance community services. This is in the occasion to advance public
prosperity and to educate national life, as regulated in the Government
Regulations. However, this is an exception from the government financial
management regulations in general.
(3) Government means the central government and/ or the regional government.
According to Article 2 “Goal of the Public Service Institution (BLU) is to enhance

community service in advancing public prosperity and educating national life by giving
flexibility in managing the finance based on economy and productivity principles, and
healthy business practice application.”
Based on Article 3 subsection (5), “The Public Service Institution (BLU) runs without
emphasizing to get profit.”
The condition of forming a Public Service Institution (BLU) is mentioned in Article 4,

stating :
(1) A working unit of a government institution is permitted to manage finance with the
Financial Management Pattern of Public Service Institution (PPK-BLU) when they
fulfill substantial, technical and administrative conditions.
(2) Substantial conditions is fulfilled as mentioned in subsection 1 when the

government institution runs public services concerning :
a. Supply of public services and/ or goods;
b. Management of certain region/ area to enhance community economy or public

services; and/ or
c. Management of special fund in enhancing community economy and/or

community services.
(3) Technical conditions as mentioned in subsection (1) is fulfilled when :
a. Service performance in the main field and the function is worth managing and
enhancing through BLU as recommended by the minister/head of the
institution/head of SKPD; and
b. Financial performance of an institution working unit is healthy as shown in the

proposed document of BLU definition.
(4) Administrative condition as mentioned in the subsection (1) is fulfilled when the
related government institution can show all the following documents :
a. statement of declare to enhance the performance of service, finance, and
advantages for the community;
b. management pattern;

c. business strategic planning;

d. report on main finance;
e. standard of minimum service; and
f. final audit report or statement on willingness to be audited independently.
According to Domestic Affair Ministerial Regulation 61 year 2007, concerning Technical

Guide about the management of Finance of Regional Public Services Institution, it is written
in Article 1 subsection………
(1) Regional Public Services Institution, hence BLUD, is a Working Unit of Regional
Instrument or a Working Unit in a Regional Instrument Working Unit in regional
government formed to give services to community in the form of goods and/or
service supply that is sold without emphasizing profit, based on efficiency and
productivity principles.
(2) BLUD Financial Management Pattern, hence PPK-BLUD is a financial

management pattern that gives flexibility i.e. freedom to apply healthy
business practices to enhance community services in advancing public
prosperity and to educating national life, as an exception from the regional
financial management regulations in general.
(3) Flexibility is freedom to manage BLUD finance/goods to a certain extent that

can be excepted from regulations in general.
(4) Regional Instrument Working Unit applying PPK-BLUD.
(5) The person in charge of managing BLUD is the head of BLUD responsible for
the BLUD operational performance consisting of the head, the person in charge
of finance, the person in charge of technical. The terms are adapted to the
terms in the related BLUD.
(6) Income is all the in-come in the form of BLUD cash and claim adding to fast
funding equity in the then budgeting period that no need paying back.
Article 2 subsection .... contains the relationship between BLUD and the Government.
(1) BLUD operates as regional government working instrument to provide public

services more effectively and efficiently. It works parallel with healthy business
practices. The management is carried out based on the authority empowered
by the head of the region.
(2) BLUD is a part of regional government instrument formed to help reach the goal of
regional government, without separating legal aspects of the regional
government.
(3) The head of the region is responsible for the practice of the public services
management policy empowered to BLUD especially concerning the advantage
aspect resulted.

(4) The person in charge of managing BLUD is responsible for the practice of public
services activities empowered by the head of the region.
(5) In practicing the activities, BLUD should emphasize on the effectively and
efficiency, and also community services without emphasizing on getting profit.
7.3.6. NUMBER 50 YEAR 2007 ABOUT INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT

LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION
a. Chapter 1 – general instruction

In this Government regulation which is meant:
1. Local Government is Governor, Head of Regency or Head of City (Mayor) and Local
Officer as the element of Local Government holding.
2. Local Government Cooperation is agreement between governor with other Governor or

Governor with Head of Regency or Head of City (Mayor) or Head of Regency or Head of
City (Mayor) with other Head of Regency or Head of City (Mayor) and or Governor, Head
of Regency or Head of City (Mayor) with third party which is made in written and have
rights and obligation.
3. Third Party is Department/Government Institution Non Department or other call, Legal

Private Corporation, State Corporation, Local Corporation, Cooperative, Foundation, and
Legal internal institution.
4. Cooperation Organization is a forum to do the cooperation which has pointed

representative member from Local Area to held cooperation.
b. Chapter 4 – Cooperation Object
Local Area cooperation object is all of government affair which have became authorization of
autonomy area and as public service provider.
c. Chapter 7 – INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION
Instructional Management Local Government Cooperation is done by:
a. Head of Local Government or one of party as a pioneer or offer cooperation planning to the
other head of local government and third party about such an object.
b. If the parties as pointed above on point “a” accept, cooperation planning can be increased
by making cooperation agreement and prepare cooperation agreement outline which
contain at least:
1. cooperation subject;
2. cooperation object;
3. cooperation scope;

4. parties’ rights and obligations;
5. cooperation range of time;
6. cooperation elimination;
7. first major situation; and
8. problem/friction solving.
c. Head of local government involve local officers in preparing cooperation agreement outline
and can ask for opinion and advise from experts, province officer, Minister and
Ministry/Head of Institution Non Department which have connection to the cooperation.
d. Head of Local Government can publish Empowerment Letter to accomplish cooperation

planning.
e. Other regulations about technical instruction as concerned in point “a”, “b” and “c”
regulated by Regulation of Ministry.
d. Chapter 13 – THE RESULT OF COOPERATION
(1) The result of local government cooperation can be money, bonds, and assets, or the non
material advantages.
(2) The result of Local Government as mentioned in verse (1) which become the local rights in
the form of money must be save to the local cash as Genuine Local Government
revenue in accordance with the legal regulation.
(3) The result of Local Government as mentioned in verse (1) which become the local rights in
the form of things/materials, must be record as asset of Local Government which is
involved proportionally in accordance with the legal regulation.
e. Chapter 24 – THE FORM OF COOPERATION ASSOCIATION
(1) To Help the Head of Local Government in holding the cooperation with other local
government which is held continuously or at least 5 years of terms, so the Head of
Local Government can form a cooperation association.
(2) The organization of cooperation association as mentioned in verse (1) not as local officer.
(3) The form and structure of the organization of cooperation association as mentioned in
verse (1) are pointed by decision agreement both of local government.
f. Chapter 25 – Mission of Association’s Organization
(1) Association’s Organization as mentioned in Chapter 24 has duties are as follows:
g. assist to managing, monitoring and evaluating on the cooperation running.
h. give critics and advises to each Head of Local Government about the steps must be
taken if it has a problem; and
i. report the duties have been done to each the Head of Local Government.

(2) The expenses which are needed in the run of association’s organization duties become the
responsibility both of Local Government involved.
7.3.7. The Institutional Development

7.3.7.1. Analysis of Institutional Affairs
SPAM regional Institution depends on the regionalization that will be developed, which in this case
is:
1) Regionalization some areas between the administration of the whole SPAM infrastructure
start and basic unit of raw water up to the management and service unit, meaning that there
will be only one SPAM manager only a few areas in the administration who do regional
cooperation. In this situation occurs merger/merger a few PDAMs that have become one. So for
the provision of services and drinking water in Subang regency, Bandung regency, West
Bandung regency, Bandung city, Cimahi city and Sumedang regency dissolved become only
one manager from the merger of PDAMs and the acquisition by the province government,
which then formed the new institutional management.
On the paper all regionalization of SPAM infrastructure is a form of the most ideal conditions for
this time, where regional autonomy have started splitting the infrastructure of public service
infrastructure, especially SPAM. SPAM service and management can be done only by a single
manager.

Goverment of
Bandung Regency
PDAM
BANDUNG
CITY
SumedangRegency
Bandung Regency
Goverment of
Goverment of
PDAM PDAM
BANDUNG NEW SUMEDANG
REGENCY PDAM REGENCY
PDAM
SUBANG
REGENCY
Goverment of
Subang Regency
Mergers among 4 PDAMs are predicted will find difficulties, especially the impact of the
expansion of Bandung regency in 3 administration areas, namely the administration of their
own Bandung regency, West Bandung regency, and the Cimahi city this day still served by
PDAM Bandung regency, so that the management process will require a very long time and
complex. Similarly, if the provincial or central government took over the SPAM to become one
institutional management. The possibility there will be a rejection of the region.
2) Regionalization distribution and services, regional cooperation is usually occurred in the

adjacent area, where one of the areas in one administrative region served by the provision of
drinking water and from the neighbour local administration with the consideration of
economical and service efficiency. They also can be valid otherwise. An example is the case of
Bandung city and Bandung regency. Some areas in the Bandung city are served by PDAM
Bandung regency, otherwise also some areas in the Bandung Regency served by PDAM
Bandung city.
Regionalization in the distribution and services system will still not completed solve the basic
problem of raw water is now a problem in the Bandung basin. So although it can still be done
but must depend on the availability of raw water at this time is still a main constraint,
especially for urban areas in the Bandung Basin.

3) Regionalization of raw water, meaning that the raw water source in one or more
administrative regions can be used by some of the local administration to regional cooperation
through specific mechanisms. Regionalization of raw water this can also include production
units. Raw water management can be done by local administration where the location of raw
water sources are exist in and / or province. User-fledged of raw water/drinking are PDAMs
that do have a regional cooperation. There are several alternative plans in the development of
this regional SPAM.
Regionalization raw water is a basic form of the most possible water management, because in
addition not to touch the existence of the existing PDAMs, can also overcome the basic
problems of raw water in the future. There are several institutional alternatives closely related
with the Regionalization of Raw Water under review by LMFE UNPAD’ ESP USAID and ADB
cooperation, namely:
a) Joint Venture Company
b) Empowerment of PT Tirta Gemah Ripah which is a subsidiary of PT. Jasa Sarana Regional
Owned Enterprises (BUMD) belonging to West Java Province.
c) The Public Service Organization.
Institutions that have been established to manage raw water can do in cooperation with each
PDAM administrative region to conduct sale and purchase agreement of raw water. Institutions
can also make cooperation with the Agency Business (third party), including the private sector.
In fact, the Joint Venture among the regions in Indonesia is difficult especially in the agreement
concerning the sharing of their respective regions. Meanwhile, PT. Tirta Gemah Ripah as
Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) as belonging to West Java province had formed on the
West Java, but got rejection from the PDAMs so that there can run well and eventually in the
non-actived.
Public Service Agency (BLU) is an alternative form of institutional management of raw water
regionalization that need to be considered at this time. In addition to the possibility of
existence of subsidies from the government but still implement the principles of economic,
Public Service Agency (BLU) can do in cooperation with the Business.
Public Service Agency (BLU) SPAM that operates as a "work unit" The Local
Employment Unit (institutional of Public Work Office (PU) to an agency, namely the
Public Work Office (PU)/Residential Area and Infrastructure (Kimpraswil)
Province/Regency/City Office) for the purpose of the provision of public services (in the
provision of drinking water) that its management based on the authority delegated by
the parent concerned.

BLU-SPAM device is part of achievement goals of local governments and therefore the
legal status of Public Service Agency (BLU) -SPAM is not separated from the local
government institutions as a mother.
Governor/Regent/Mayor is responsible for the implementation of the public services

conduction policy (providing of drinking water), which delegated to the Public Service
Agency (BLU)-SPAM from the benefits in terms of the services produced.
Officials/officer appointed managing Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM responsible for

the implementation of the provision of public services (providing of drinking water) is
delegated to officials/officer by the Governor/Regent /Mayor.
Public Service Agency BLU-SPAM conducting activities without seeking the benefits.
Work plan and budget and financial reports and performance of Public Service Agency
(BLU)-SPAM arranged and presented as a part that is not separated from the work plan
and budget and financial reports and performance of SKPD (institutional of Public Work
Office (PU) to an agency/local government.
Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM manages public service (the provision of drinking
water) in line with a healthy business practices.
The most ideal of Public Service Agency (BLU) for Regionalization context is Public Service
Agency (BLU)-level Provincial Government. Structure of Public Service Agency (BLU) in
Provincial level.

Governor
Supervisor Board**)
Head Unit BLU

Public Service Agency (BLU) SPAM*) SPAM PROVINCE
(Province)
Financial & Interim Inspection
BLU-SPAM PROVICE Raw Administration Division Division
Water Provision &
Management, and
iplement Distributions and
services Recording Data & General Admin. &
Bank Account Personnel
Head of Branch Head of Branch Head of Branch

BLU SPAM Unit BLU SPAM Unit BLU SPAM Unit
Regency/City A1 Regency/City A2 Regency/City An2
Operational Administration Operational Administration Operational Administration

Division Division Division Division Division Division
Billing Cash Billing Cash Billing Cash

Production Production Production
Distribution Recording Data Distribution Recording Data Distribution Recording Data

& Bank & Bank & Bank
Account Account Account
Planning & General Admin. Planning & General Admin. Planning & General Admin.
Supervising & Personnel Supervising & Personnel Supervising & Personnel
Costumer Costumer Costumer

Maintenance Service Maintenance Service Maintenance Service
Operator Unit Operator Unit Operator Unit Operator Unit Operator Unit Operator Unit Operator Unit Operator Unit Operator Unit
BLU IKK SPAM BLU IKK SPAM BLU IKK SPAM BLU IKK SPAM BLU IKK SPAM BLU IKK SPAM BLU IKK SPAM BLU IKK SPAM BLU IKK SPAM
*) Organisational Structure can be adjusted based on regional needs

**) Valid only to Public Service Agency (BLU)

As we know, the average of PDAM in Indonesia is still use the rate of water that has not meet the
principles of full cost recovery (FOR) with the reason taht purchasing power people are still low,
consequently, aware or not many PDAMs compromising the quality of services to cover the costs
incurred, and even a few PDAMs have actually been in liquidation/bankruptcy. In situations where
the public purchasing power is still a constraint in meeting the principles of economics so that FCR
can be met, Public Service Agency (BLU) is the institutional options that may be more ideal to
manage regional raw water.
Then develop cooperation between the PDAM and Board of Public Service with the General Terms
and Conditions of Cooperation between PDAM & BLU as follows;
1. The time period required cooperation between the five (5) to 20 (twenty) years
2. Facilities built and managed by PDAM (Provider) with the aim to meet the needs of the
community infrastructure and facilities
3. Characterized with a set of contractual agreements that bind each party to implement the
transaction in accordance with these provisions
4. Generally is the solid capital and require a large amount of funds for building
5. Risks identified by the parties in the transaction and was appointed to the party most able
to handle risk with lowest possible cost
6. Sales income of drinking water obtained from the reward that can be calculated based on
the minimum volume produced (take or pay) with the services that sell products produced
from facilities built in accordance with the terms of the agreement between the
Government of the BLU.
7. BLU is not involved in the operation and maintenance of other units that they do not build
a. Forms of Cooperation Benefits:
1. Management of all or part of the system

2. Management facilities,
3. Operation of equipments
b. Field of clean water supply services that can be served, among others:
> Production

7.3.7.2. Stages the Establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU)
Tables 7.1. Step by step the establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU)
Responsibility Regulations
Activities Sub Activities Description
of related
A. Preparation Hearing to the

Bureau of
Expert team
Economic and
Services
Delivered the results of a

Hearing to Regional
Expert team study on the BLU as
Secretary
chosen institutions that
Hearing to manage raw water at
Expert team the provincial level
Governor
Hearing to the
Council of Regional Expert team-
Representatives Governor
(DPRD)
Form a team Expert team- Regulation of The team can come from
formation BLU-raw Provincial Minister no the province and
water Government 61/2007 regency/city
Determination of
Local Government Adjusted to the basic
Regulation of
Units (SKPD) or Provincial duties and functions of
Minister no
units of the Government the BLU with work units
61/2007
province will run that have
BLU
Meet Regulation of
Regulation of Minister 61/2007 Article
Minister no 4, that work units have a
61/2007, task, principal and
Preparing Expert team-
Regulation of functions are operational
substantive Provincial
Financial in carrying out the public
requirements Government
Minister services which resulted
07/PMK in a semi goods and
02/2006 public services
(quasipublic goods)
Meet Article 9 Regulation
of Minister61/2007
services unit
performance working to
Regulation of
get the
Minister no
recommendations to be
Preparing the 61/2007,
Expert team- enhanced BLU based on
technical Regulation of
Provincial recommendation to the
Government secretary the head of
BLU Minister
Determination of Local
07/PMK
Government Units
02/2006
(SKPD) and SKPD for
work units, or healthy
Finance performance unit
workplace

Regulation of
Minister no
Determination of
Preparing 61/2007,
Expert team- Minimum Standard, The
administrative Regulation of
Provincial Governance, Strategic
Government Business Plan, financial
BLU Minister
projections
07/PMK
02/2006
His/her position, the
Preparation of
division of tasks,
organizational Expert team
functions, responsibilities
structure,
and authority
Relationship and the

mechanism of inter-
Preparation of work Expert team
office positions and
procedures,
functionin the
organization
A clear division of duties

between functions and
rational of service and
Preparation of support functions in
Expert team
grouping Function Regulation of accordance with the
Minister no principles of internal
61/2007 control in order to
achieve organizational
effectiveness
setting and a clear policy
on human resources
focused on the fulfillment
of the quantitative and
Preparation of
qualitative / competent
human resources Expert team
to support the
management
achievement of
organizational goals in
an efficient, effective and
productive
Leaders, Financial
The election Provincial
Officers and Technical
officials Government
Officers
supervise the
Regulation of management of BLU
Minister no made by the manager of
61/2007, BLU officials on the
The formation of
Provincial Regulation of implementation of the
the Board of
Government Financial Business Plan and
supervisors
Minister Budget, Long Term
09/PMK Business Plan and the
02/2006 provisions of the laws
that apply
Remuneration Expert team- Regulation of The reward of a job that

Determination Provincial Minister no can be salary,
Government 61/2007, honorarium, allowance
Regulation of fixed, incentives,
Financial bonuses on achievement,
Minister pesangon, and / or
10/OMK retirement.
02/2006
Investment can be made

as along as become the
Regulation of
Inventory benefit to increase the
Expert team Minister no
Investment Needs income and improvement
61/2007
of BLU of the service to the
community
possibility of Regulation of
To improve the quality
cooperation Expert team Minister no
and quantity of services
inventory with third 61/2007
parties
Regulation of
B. Endorsement of Regional After all the
Minister no
Implementation BLU Legislative(DPRD) infrastructures are ready
61/2007
Periodically need to be
done to ensure
Expert team- Regulation of
Monitoring and implementation in
C. Controling Provincial Minister no
Evaluation accordance with the
Government 61/2007
plan, and to make
improvements
7.3.7.3. Budgeting BLU

The budget is needed in the early formation of BLU consists of:
1. Investment cost of the infrastructure development connected to 4 PDAMs. If BLU is in the

city as the capital of the province, the total cost of investment required is Rp 102 Billion,
with the details as follows;
Infrastructure between Investment Needs Description
Infrastructure development (World

Bandung City-Sumedang Rp53.000.000.000
Bank Studies, 2006)
Regency
Making Dam (World Bank Studies,
Rp67.000.000.000
2006)
Bandung City-Bandung
Rp15.000.000.000
Regency
Bandung Cuty-Subang Making Infrastructure (ESP

Rp28.000.000.000
Regency Studies, 2008)
Total needs Infrastructure

Rp 162.000.000.000
Investment without Dam

2. Operational and Non-Operational Costs.

Operating costs include all of costs which become a burden to run the tasks and functions,
which consist of the cost of services and administration.
Non Operational costs, covering the entire cost of a burden in order to support the
implementation of the tasks and functions.
7.3.7.4. Positive & Negative Any Options Of The Blu-Spam Formed

BLU-SPAM Ensure the management of Not get involve actively providing
Province Drinking Water Provision funding for SPAM at the Regency
System (SPAM) that is / City
integrated in a provincial area Lack of allocation of resources to
It will facilitate the coordination get Regional Budget (APBD) of
of raw water utilization for Regency / City
drinking water Difficulty to obtain budget
Will facilitate the synergy and allocations from the province
efficiency of financial budget because is still a bit
management in large-scale provinces concerned with the
The ease of the technical drinking water
department given in the job there are weaknesses in the
services of SPAM at provincial control region because spread
level Requires a number of human
Development of personnel resources with the big-cocked
career in BLU-SPAM province
will be more open and easy to
between Regency / City in one
province
BLU-SPAM The allocation of a maximum of Will have a little difficulty in

Region more Provincial Budgets forming a new BLU-SPAM
(investment, O / M, Bantek, there are weaknesses in the
Training) control region because of spread
Ensure the management of Requires a number of human
SPAM that is integrated in a resources with a large amount
single region Not get involve actively funding
Will implement synergy and for the realization of SPAM at the
efficiency financial management Regency / City
in a large scale Lack of allocation from Regional
The ease of the technical Budget (APBD) resources Regency
department given in the job / City
services of SPAM at regional Difficulty to obtain budget


level allocation from the provincial
Development of personnel budget (APBD) because the
career in BLU-SPAM province province is still a little concerned
will be more open and easy to with the drinking water
between Regency / City in one There are problems in the
region provision of a certain level of
It will facilitate the coordination realization in SPAM
of raw water utilization for
drinking water
Allows for cross-subsidy for poor
Regency /City
BLU-SPAM Responsibility of Regional Development of technical direct to

Regency/City Government (Pemda Regency / units of BLU SPAM in Regency /
City) as the mandate of City the constraints considering
Law/Regulation 32 of 2004 locations spread of Regency / City
About Local Government can be in Indonesia
implemented in full The possible occurrence of the
Budget of Regional Buget raw water problems which have
(APBD) Regency / City been had by other Regency / City.
(investment, O / M, Bantek, The lack of human resource
Training) can be directly capabilities in the Technical
allocated and controlled implementation of BLU-SPAM
Dependency of investment from
the Province / Central considering
several fund of Regional Budget
(APBD) Regency / City still limited
7.3.7.5. Rights and Obligations of BLU-SPAM (Province)
1. Rigth
a. Getting land for build facilities in accordance with the laws and regulations
b. About the community or other organizations that conduct activities and cause
damage to infrastructure and facilities services
c. Allowed to charge / reward or accept payment services of drinking water to the

public
d. Receive budget (income) from the local budget (APBD)

e. Receive income on the BLU-SPAM cooperation with other parties
f. Set and impose fines against the delay/late in payment charges
g. Obtain a raw water quality standard continuous in the appropriate permission has
been obtained
h. Cut off the connection to the subscribers do not fulfill the obligations
2. Obligations
a. Ensure that services meet the standards set.
b. Provide the necessary information to all parties concerned on the incident or a

special case and will cause potential changes on the quality and quantity of
services
c. Operate facilities and provide services to all users / customers which have met the
requirements
d. Provide information on the implementation of the services
e. Provide appropriate compensation to customers over losses suffered
f. Obey and efforts to comply with the settlement of legal when occur disputes
g. Participate in the protection and conservation efforts to water resources in order

maintain environment conservation
7.3.7.6. Rights and Obligations of PDAMs (Regency/City)
1. Rights
a. Getting a service of drinking water / raw water materials that meet requirements
of the quality, quantity and continuity in accordance with the standards set
b. Obtain information about the structure and the amount of rates and charges (bill)
c. Submit a claim on the service itself harmful to the court
d. Getting feasible compensation as a result of the negligence of services
2. Obligations
a. Pay bills on the services of raw water
b. Using raw water well
c. Participated in maintaining the facilities and maintain the raw water
d. Following and settlement efforts and meet the law when disputes occur

7.3.7.7. Source of Income BLU
a. Services
b. Grants
d. APBD
e. APBN and
f. Other a valid income of BLU-SPAM
APBN and APBD can provide funds, but until now, not all PDAMs acquire their funds from APBD
and APBN for raw waters. Therefore, nowadays it can not be defined the amount of investment
that can be obtained from APBD and APBN.
7.3.7.8. Description of income from each sources
a. BLU-SPAM income that come from services, in the form of rewards acquired from
the service given
b. BLU-SPAM income that come from a grant tied and not tied
d. BLU-SPAM income that come from APBD with authorization of the local
government budget credit not derive from ABPD financing
e. BLU-SPAM income that come from the state budget (APBN) revenues can be
derived from the government in the framework of the implementation of
deconcentration and / or assistance task and others
f. BLU-SPAM in implementing of the budget deconcentration and / or assistance
task, the process of financial management conducted separately based on the
conditions prevailing in the State Budget (APBN)
g. Other a legal income of BLU-SPAM, are as follows:
The sale of property that are not separated;
The utilization of property;
Time deposit Services;
Interest income
Benefits of the difference between the exchange rate of rupiah against

foreign currencies;
Commission, discount or other form as a result of the sales and / or

procurement of goods and / or services by BLU-SPAM
The investment

7.3.7.9. Option of BLU SPAM Formed
1. BLU-SPAM provide and manage the unit 1. When the Regency / City have
of raw water and carry out the PDAM have pain and / or the
distribution and services Regency / City of the spreading
2. BLU-SPAM Province/Region and provide 2. When two (2) Regencies / Cities

and manage a unit of raw water and or more can not provide and
Regency / City implement the manage the unit of raw water
distribution and services
3. BLU-SPAM Regency / City provide and 3. When Regency / City able to
manage the unit of raw water, unit of manage all the unit of IKK-SPAM
production, unit of distribution and built
services
4. No need to be formed BLU-SPAM-SPAM 4. When Regency / City have
IKK but unit which managed by PDAM healthy PDAM
Regency / City
a. Option is selected
The option number two, only the distribution and services in the regency / city through PDAM
b. Flowchart Of BLU-PDAM-Subscriber
PRODUCTION
WATER
PURCHASING
RAW WATER
PURCHASING
PDAM BANDUNG
CITY
PDAM
BANDUNG
REGENCY
BLU SUBSCRIBER
PDAM
SUMEDANG
REGENCY
PDAM
SUBANG
REGENCY
DRIKING
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
RAW WATER
SELLING

APENDIX I
1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY
a. Balance Sheet
Year
2005 2006 2007
Assets (Rp 000)
Cash & Bank 28743359 30666486 15403341

Account receivable 16813841 16622442 18971929
Others receivable 2018007,5 2612098,1 2981303,1
Supply 1062743,9 1209309,7 1303809,7
prepaid 2555446,4 2696598,5 2831428,4
Current assets 51193398 53806935 41491812
Land 6703236,1 6703236,1 6703236,1

Price Receivable without land 268735493 268735493 289735493
Accumulated Depreciation -210665962 -219068291 -228079620
Fixed Assets Value 64772767 56370438 68359108
Fixed Assets ongoing project 0 21000000 21000000

Miscellaneous 142082203 142082203 142082203
Total Assets 258048367 273259575 272933122
LIABILITIES (Rp 000)
Liabilities 1300847,9 1416955,7 1493432,7

Current liabilities 1180883,4 1239836,2 1306753,6
Tax payable 320375,2 4598206,8 9424674,8
Become due long term payable 26448943 27316390 27316390
Current liabilities 29251049 34571388 39541251
Long term payable 327796675 300480286 273163896

Other obligation 19419182 45868125 45868125
Long term payable 347215858 346348411 319032021
Costumer stallage 2270578,3 2270578,3 2270578,3

YBDS Government participation 0 0 0
1
Year
2005 2006 2007
Others liabilities 2270578,3 2270578,3 2270578,3
Total liabilities 378737485 383190377 360843850
Separated local government

properties 3224618 3224618 3224618
Center government
participation 40184143 40184143 40184143
Re- evaluate Fixed assets
differences 0 0 0
Others capital 4702448 4702448 4702448
Back up fund 7239156,4 -168800327 -158042011
Current year profit (loss) -176039484 10758316 22020075
- -
Capital and Back up fund 120689118 109930802 -87910728
Total Liabilities 258048367 273259575 272933122
b. Profit (Loss)
Year
2005 2006 2007
Public
Total Citizen (person) 2000000 2030000 2060450

Total Served Citizen (person) 818990 818990 818990
Service scope (%) 40,95% 40,34% 39,75%
Total last Costumer 143003 143003 143003
Total new extension -192 0 0
Consumes m3/mth (Yr)/Costumers 20 20 20
Total Production (000 m3) 1.372 81.372 81.372
Total water demand (000 m3) 4.116 34.116 34.116
Total water consumes (000 m3) 4.116 34.116 4.116
Water loss expectation (%) 47% 45% 43%
Water loss (%) 58% 58% 58%
Average fare raise 0% 38% 14%
Min Recovery Cost Level (B. Akt)
(Rp/m3) 2.407 3.092 3.157
2
Year
2005 2006 2007
Average fare (Rp/m3) 2.014 2.784 3.178
Min. recovery cost (B. Akt) (%) 84% 90% 101%
2.614 2.690
1.586 1.979 2.373
107%
76%
Income (Rp 000)
Water sales income 54.103.446 67.529.083 80.954.721

Administration and meter-hiring
income 14596219,5 27456301,43 27456301,43
Water income 68699665,1 94985384,51 108411022
New Extension income 1091572,7 0 0

Other non water income 1892953,6 2374634,613 2710275,549
Non water income 2984526,3 2374634,613 2710275,549
Soiled water income 16879806,4 20258724,92 24286416,16
Operational income 88563997,8 117618744 135407713,7
Expenses (Rp 000)

Labour expense 30213989 31724688,45 33310922,87
Electricity and fuel expense 4097183,3 4097183,3 4097183,3
Chemical material and complement
material 4529762,1 4869494,258 5234706,327
Maintenance & material cost 9650042,4 9943213,223 9943213,223
Administration & Public 9077696,8 9200159,651 9675167,633
Receivables elimination 3798721 5402326,646 6476377,644
Raw Water 907736,1 975816,3075 1049002,531
Soiled water operational cost 5053399,8 4634901,728 4885060,147
Water purchase from others PDAM 0 0 0
Cash operational cost 67328530,5 70847783,56 74671633,68
Profit (loss) (Rp 000)
Operational profit (loss) 21235467,3 46770960,48 60736080,01

Non operational income 3804223,9 4274342,303 4878495,989
3
Year
2005 2006 2007
Non operational cost -2209046,2 -1062716,753 -1120074,505
Profit ( loss) before depreciation 22830645 49982586,03 64494501,5
Depreciation 8043917,8 8402329,283 9011329,283
Soiled water – depreciation 0 0 0
Profit (loss) before interest 14786727,2 41580256,75 55483172,22
Interest expense 6738569,9 26223734,02 24038422,86
Soiled water – interest expense 0 0 0
Profit (loss) before tax 8048157,3 15356522,72 31444749,36
Corporation tax income 4591476 4598206,816 9424674,808
Profit (loss) after tax 3456681,3 10758315,9 22020074,55
RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)
Fixed assets average number 265462972,5 268735492,5 279235492,5

ROI yearly 1,30% 4,00% 7,89%
ROI average 4,40% 5,94% 7,89%
Operational Cost/Pend. Ops. (Working
Ratio) < 100% 98,00% 74,59% 68,88%
Payable cost /Pend.Ops. (Operating
Ratio) < 100% 126,21% 115,88% 108,06%
Current Ratio 1,75 1,56 1,05
Liabilities ratio (current liabilities +
long term liabilities) 145,9% 139,4% 131,4%
EBIT/interest expense 219,43% 158,56% 230,81%
profit/water income 5,0% 11,3% 20,3%
DSC Ratio 2,19 0,79 1,08
INCREASING NEEDS FOR CLEAN
WATER RATE 2006
Water sales (000 m³) 34.116 34.116 34.116
Revenue – Clean Water 68.699.665 94.985.385 108.411.022

Revenue – Clean Water (without
Administration + Meter cost) 54.103.446 67.529.083 80.954.721
OM Cost – Clean Water 62275130,7 66212881,83 69786573,53
Reduction Cost – Clean Water 6031680,6 6084966,866 6526004,666
Interest Cost – Clean Water 6738569,9 16923115,21 15512855,61
Loan Principal – Clean Water 0 17628245,01 17628245,01
4
Year
2005 2006 2007
Sub-Total Receivable Needs 75045381,2 100764242,1 102927674,1
Tax 4591476 2500000 2500000
Investment 0 21000000 21000000
Contribution of PAD 0 0 0
Total Receivable Needs 79636857,2 124264242,1 126427674,1
Total Long terms Debt Payment 6738569,9 34551360,22 33141100,62
Average rate – Water Price Only 1585,862046 1979,389828 2372,917609

Average Receivable/ m³ 2013,701535 2784,179724 3177,707505
Average Cost – Without Investment 2199,705037 2953,567658 3016,981453
Average Expenses/ m³ 2334,288841 3642,391773 3705,805569
OR – Water Price/Average Cost
without investment 67,02% 78,65%
OR - Water Price / Average Cost with
investment 54,34% 64,03%
OR - (Water Price + Pend. Air Lain)/
Average Cost 94,26% 105,33%
OR - (Water Price + Pend. Air
Lain)/Biaya Rata dg I 86,27% 76,44% 85,75%
The need of Increasing Rate 6,08% -5,06%
The need of Increasing Rate 15,92% 30,82% 16,62%
Average Rate – Clean Water 2013,701535 2784,179724 3177,707505

Recovery Cost Level Min. – Clean
Water (Rp/m3) 2199,705037 2615,214961 2691,556309
Recovery Cost Level Min. – Clean
Water (%) 91,54% 106,46% 118,06%
The need of Increasing Rate 9,24% -6,07% -15,30%
Average Rate – Clean Water (without

Administration Cost) 1585,862046 1979,389828 2372,917609
Min Recovery Cost Level. – Clean
Water (Rp/m3) 2199,705037 2615,214961 2691,556309
Min Recovery Cost – Clean Water (%) 72,09% 75,69% 88,16%
Increasing Needs Rate 38,71% 32,12% 13,43%
Selling Water 34,1 34,1 34,1
OM Cost 53.197,4 57.012,7 60.111,4
5
Year
2005 2006 2007
Administration & General Cost 9.077,7 9.200,2 9.675,2
OM Cost 62.275,1 66.212,9 69.786,6
Depreciation 6.031,7 6.085,0 6.526,0
Interest Rate 6.738,6 16.923,1 15.512,9
Loan Principal 0,0 17.628,2 17.628,2
Debt Payable 6.738,6 34.551,4 33.141,1
Total 75.045,4 106.849,2 109.453,7
Total Liabilities 258.048,4 273.259,6 272.933,1
2. PDAM BANDUNG REGENCY

a. Balance Sheet
Assets 2005 2006 2007
Smooth Assets
Cash - Bank 2,725,240,571.38 1,222,688,154.65 21,504,708,505.41
Short term investment 75,000,000.00 4,050,000,000.00 3,050,000,000.00
Corporate account receivable 7,189,442,140.00 6,853,587,760.18 5,733,148,692.50
Corporate debt share -2,500,359,773.50 (2,573,714,139.50) (1,281,195,362.50)
Others Debt 463,853,310.33 312,371,145.68 258,029,837.88
Supply 136,037,194.00 158,265,169.00 247,263,032.43
Down Payment 84,511,438.72 596,390,286.87 713,803,474.20
Amount of smooth Assets 8,173,724,880.93 10,619,588,376.88 30,225,758,179.91
Fix Assets
- Land 5,220,111,140.12 5,251,111,142.12 5,419,324,242.12
- Installation 69,605,984,232.32 74,471,759,083.18 75,917,167,931.61
- Building 1,713,617,645.71 1,737,942,645.71 1,737,942,645.71
- Equipment and tools 369,230,207.29 382,480,307.29 455,243,407.29
- Vehicles 1,395,775,694.97 1,395,775,694.83 1,395,775,694.83
- Inventory 3,147,244,220.84 3,523,494,864.80 3,764,201,964.80
Receivable amount 81,451,963,141.25 86,762,563,737.93 88,689,655,886.36
Accumulation Reduction -33,766,586,012.55 (38,764,462,430.98) (43,934,792,704.27)
Book Rate 47,685,377,128.70 47,998,101,306.95 44,754,863,182.09
OTHERS ASSETS
Postponed Tax Assets 732,607,932.05 754,614,241.85 366,858,608.75
Fix assets on finishing 1,859,726,709.22 384,034,032.00 384,034,032.00
Installation material 1,757,803,246.00 1,627,292,248.94 1,575,698,309.37
Warranty money 2,180,200.00 2,180,200.00 2,180,200.00
6
Assets 2005 2006 2007
Temporary payment 48,352,315.00 142,230,761.00 -

Fund for overseas debt
payment 0.00 0.00 -
New connection will be
accepted 0.00 0.00 -
Fix assets haven’t been used 37,990,500.00 43,550,000.00
Fix assets non function 1,925,224,742.73 1,924,414,742.73 1,924,414,742.73
Decreasing rate of sharing (1,455,471,681.80) (1,496,412,245.58) (1,496,412,245.58)
Book rate of Fix assets non
function 469,753,060.93 428,002,497.15 428,002,497.15
Software 0.00 117,078,475.00 197,378,475.00
Amortization accumulation of
software 0.00 (23,727,691.14) (63,028,559.89)
Book Rate 0.00 93,350,783.86 134,349,915.11
Other assets 8,348,694.00 8,348,694.00 8,348,694.00
Down Payment to Pemda 0.00 1,900,000,000.00 1,733,739,860.74
(Regional Government)
Amount of other assets 4,878,772,157.20 5,378,043,958.80 4,676,762,117.12
AMOUNT OF ASSETS 60,737,874,166.83 63,995,733,642.63 79,657,383,479.12
LIABILITIES
SMOOTH OBLIGATION
Corporate Debt 1,613,973,365.00 1,831,185,191.00 1,807,827,906.77
Non Corporate Debt 70,424,058.00 73,853,203.00 72,608,620.00
Cost payable 891,422,749.99 1,047,772,370.00 1,208,190,780.00
Receivable revenue in advance 0.00 0.00 -
Short terms Loan
Tax Debt 3,408,672,251.64 3,400,817,045.43 3,362,761,795.86
In time Long terms tax 3,277,712,222.57 3,315,248,551.40 4,184,115,421.58
Debt Interest - 0.00 332,454,443.96
Other short terms obligation 372,717,164.49 258,660,784.00 263,973,432.00
Amount of Smooth Obligation 9,634,921,811.69 9,927,537,144.83 11,231,932,400.17

LONG TERMS OBLIGATION
& OTHERS
Loan of Centre Government 2,334,100,954.28 1,750,575,715.82 1,167,050,477.36
Foreign loan 15,604,633,893.50 13,166,282,334.06 10,727,930,774.62
Interest in terms 1,173,487,025.48 880,115,269.12 586,743,512.76
Leasing Debt
Meter Fund Supply 1362438484 1,233,523,812.00 916,803,562.00
Fund 2,192,629,283.24 2,946,789,057.10 1,849,517,451.77
Subscribe warranty money 694,966,470.00 679,210,820.00 678,895,370.00
Amount of Long term

Obligation & others 23,362,256,110.50 20,656,497,008.10 15,926,941,148.51
CAPITAL AND SUPPLY

District Government Wealth
which separated 7,467,668,649.40 12,467,668,649.40 32,467,668,649.40
Government attaching YBD
Status 515,343,832.00 515,343,832.00 515,343,832.00
Center Government Capital 25,815,380,331.01 25,815,380,331.01 25,815,380,331.01

Capital Grant 3,512,978,988.00 3,512,978,988.00 3,512,978,988.00
7
Assets 2005 2006 2007
Amount of Capital 37,311,371,800.41 42,311,371,800.41 62,311,371,800.41

profit/(loss Accumulation) (6,268,957,628.640) (9,570,675,555.77) (8,899,672,310.70)
Profit/Loss Ongoing Year 1,259,035,137.860 1,930,038,382.93 1,016,848,823.66
Profit supply (4,560,753,064.990) (1,259,035,137.86) (1,930,038,382.93)
Credit Balance Profit/Loss (9,570,675,555.770) -8,899,672,310.70 (9,812,861,869.97)
Amount of Capital and Supply 27,740,696,244.64 33,411,699,489.71 52,498,509,930.44
Amount of Liabilities 60,737,874,166.83 63,995,733,642.63 79,657,383,479.12
0.00 0.00 0.00
a. Loss/Profit
Year
No Item
2005 2006 2007
1 Profit/Loss 9.570.676 8.899.672 9.018.956
2 Operational Income 28.062.889 29.500.142 29.834.636
Operational Cost (Including
3 Depreciation & interest) 25.885.185 26.230.526 27.594.480
4 Income/Other Expenses 6.863 98.886 349.858
5 Net Profit after Tax 1.259.035 1.930.038 1.810.755
8
3. PDAM SUBANG REGENCY
a. Balance Sheet
ASSETS OBLIGATION AND EQUITY
31 DECEMBER 2007 31 DECEMBER 2006 31 DECEMBER 31 DECEMBER

REFF PREDICTION REFF
( Rp. ) ( Rp. ) 2007 (Rp. ) 2006 (Rp. )
CURRENT ASSETS CURRENT OBLIGATION
- CASH/BANK 5.3.1.1 1.747.185.637,69 1.660.572.782,69 - CORPORATE DEBT 5.3.1.14 104.500.585,00 131.358.037,00
- CORPORATE RECEIVABLE 5.3.1.2 2.616.043.163,00 2.184.379.128,00 - OTHER DEBTS 5.3.1.15 33.053.600,00 33.599.400,00
- DOUBTFUL RECEIVABLE 5.3.1.3 317.808.240,00 246.568.446,00 - EXPENSE MUST BE PAID 5.3.1.16 397.859.161,00 296.954.662,00
- RECEIVABLE ELIMINATION 5.3.1.4 (439.130.800,00) (311.453.163,35) - TAX PAYABLE 5.3.1.17 154.441.294,00 141.889.017,00
- RECEIVABLE/EMPLOYEE 5.3.1.5 49.008.000,00 6.484.572,00 - LONG TERMS DEBT ON TIME 5.3.1.18 2.941.303.620,97 2.184.388.138,78
- SUPPLY 5.3.1.6 1.318.020,00 2.312.200,00 - OTHER SHORT TERMS OBLIGATION 5.3.1.19 606.770.891,31 558.384.177,00
- PAY IN ADVANCE 5.3.1.7 85.774.576,00 25.062.475,00 Amount of Current Obligation 4.237.929.152,28 3.346.573.431,78
Amount of Current Assets 4.378.006.836,69 3.813.926.440,34 LONG TERMS OBLIGATION
- FOREIGN LOAN
( ADB Loan No. 1384 INO) 5.3.1.20 2.564.629.885,28 2.797.778.057,14
FIX ASSETS Amount of Long Terms Obligation…. 2.564.629.885,28 2.797.778.057,14
USED FIX ASSETS
- INCOME PRICE 5.3.1.8 49.280.915.250,32 44.217.854.388,97 OTHER OBLIGATIONS
- ACCUMULATION OF
ELIMINATION (20.120.491.619,00) (17.606.523.637,13) - METER FUND SUPPLY 5.3.1.21 1.463.121.892,00 1.338.096.540,00
BOOK VALUE 29.160.423.631,32 26.611.330.751,84 Amount of Other Obligations 1.463.121.892,00 1.338.096.540,00
9
ASSETS OBLIGATION AND EQUITY
31 DECEMBER 2007 31 DECEMBER 2006 31 DECEMBER 31 DECEMBER

REFF PREDICTION REFF
( Rp. ) ( Rp. ) 2007 (Rp. ) 2006 (Rp. )
- ONGOING ASSETS 5.3.1.9 11.982.500,00 21.982.500,00
Amount of Fix Assets 29.172.406.131,32 26.633.313.251,84 EQUITY
- SEPARATED LOCAL GOVERNMENT

WEALTH 5.3.1.22 6.446.838.782,00 2.230.829.000,00
- CENTER GOVERNMENT WEALTH 5.3.1.23 16.952.847.628,00 8.954.925.783,00
- INSERTED PAYABLE OF UNFIX STATUS 5.3.1.24 5.747.757.000,00 16.398.735.327,00
OTHER ASSETS - CAPITAL GRANT 5.3.1.25 918.620.392,00 918.620.392,00
- DELAYED TAX ASSETS 5.3.1.10 131.739.240,00 93.435.949,01 30.066.063.802,00 28.503.110.502,00
- INSTALLATION MATERIALS 5.3.1.11 1.013.758.440,25 2.513.194.133,52
- PAY IN ADVANCE TO
LOCAL GOVERNMENT 5.3.1.12 1.577.699.400,44 1.654.387.641,00 - SUSTAIN PROFIT
- DELAYED COST 5.3.1.13 518.705.000,00 - PROFIT (LOSS ) LAST YEAR 5.3.1.26 (1.694.902.824,08) (1.387.422.524,19)
- ACCUMULATION OF
AMORTIZATION (9.570.000,00) - PROFIT (LOSS) CURRENT YEAR 145.903.141,22 110.121.408,98
- DELAYED COST BOOK

VALUE 509.135.000,00 (1.548.999.682,86) (1.277.301.115,21)
Amount of Other Assets… 3.232.332.080,69 4.261.017.723,53 Amount of Equity… 28.517.064.119,14 27.225.809.386,79
AMOUNT OF ASSETS 36.782.745.048,70 34.708.257.415,71 AMOUNT OF OBLIGATION AND EQUITY 36.782.745.048,70 34.708.257.451,71
10
b. Comparative Balance Profit (Loss) Report Book Year which
finish on 31st December 2007 & 2006
Item 31 December 2007 (Rp) 31 December 2006 (Rp)

CORPORATE INCOME
- Water Operational 14.263.791.478,00 12.756.372.062,00
Income
- Non Water Operational 751.816.350,00 745.069.020,00
Income
AMOUNT OF CORPORATE
15.015.607.828,00 13.501.441.082,00
INCOME:
CORPORATE DIRCT
EXPENSES
- Source Expense (4.167.007.983,59) (3.653.791.607,18)
- Processing Expense (510.201.075,10) (453.312.482,03)
- Transmission & (2.852.896.782,65) (2.533.916.307,00)
Distribution Expense
SUB AMOUNT:
( 7.530.105.841,34) (6.641.020.396,21)
GROSS CORPORATE 7.485.501.986,66 6.860.420.685,79
PROFIT (LOSS) :
Administration and (7.375.846.313,51) (6.704.429.740,55)
Subscriber Connection Cost
CORPORATE PROFIT 109.655.673,15 155.990.945,24
(LOSS)
INCOME/OTHER
EXPENSES
- Other Income 229.854.543,00 52.157.570,57
- Other Expenses (83.093.365,92) (242.973,51)
SUB AMOUNT: 146.761.177,08 51.914.597,06
NET PROFIT(LOSS) 256.416.850,23 207.905.542,30
BEFORE PPh (TAX
REVENUE)
TAX INCOME;
- Current Tax (148.817.000,00) (137.773.400,00)
- Delayed Tax 38.303.290,99 39.989.266,68
(expenses)
SUB JUMLAH : (110.513.709,01) (97.784.133,32)
NET PROFIT(LOSS)AFTER 145.903.141,22 110.121.408,98
PPh (TAX REVENUE)
11
4. PDAM SUMEDANG REGENCY
a. Balance Sheet
PER 31
PER 31 DECEMBER
NO PREDICTION DECEMBER
2007
2006
I CURRENT ASSETS
Cash / Bank 139.131.745 189.599.279
Deposit Account - 100.000.000
Subscribe Receivable 1.239.429.729 833.008.825
Receivable Elimination (29.710.431)
(65.957.145)
Subscriber Receivable Book Value 1.209.719.298 767.051.680
Doubtful Receivable 72.095.685 55.082.855
Doubtful Receivable Elimination (54.071.764)
(41.312.141)
Doubtful Receivable Book Value 18.023.921 13.770.714
Other Receivable 48.109.895 106.866.784
Supply 100.164.775 96.211.848
Pay in Advance 866.775.407 1.308.661.447
AMOUNT 2.381.925.041 2.582.161.752
II FIX ASSETS
Land 893.233.742 893.233.742
Source Installation 735.679.915 714.357.914
Pump Installation 1.337.337.892 1.322.312.240
Processing Installation 4.767.231.890 4.719.898.509
Transmission & Distribution
24.410.549.140 24.377.530.474
Installation
Water Non Plant Installation 3.049.117.472 2.761.468.722
Income Value 35.193.150.051 34.788.801.601
Accumulation of Reduction (22.961.112.418) (21.048.640.605)
12.232.037.633
AMOUNT OF FIX ASSETS 13.740.160.996
OTHER ASSETS
Unreceivable 318.490.371 267.214.710
Unreceivable Elimination (318.490.371)
(267.214.710)
Ongoing Fix Assets 608.299.323 400.942.919
Installation Materials 942.419.676 959.413.003
Research & Development Cost 370.711.500 370.711.500
Amortization of Research &
(363.378.167)
Construction Cost (343.318.750)
Delayed Tax Assets 94.844.900 94.844.900
APT Value Reduction Supply (94.844.900) -
Non Operational Assets 1.556.185.048 1.556.185.049
AMOUNT OF OTHER ASSETS 3.114.237.379
3.038.778.621
AMOUNT 17.728.200.053 19.361.101.369
12
PER 31 PER 31
NO PREDICTION DECEMBER DECEMBER
2007 2006
III CURRENT OBLIGATION
Corporate Debt 630.425.628 295.679.953
Other Debts 53.239.699 49.099.565
Pension Debt 27.563.595 27.563.595
Tax Debt 59.100.413 60.604.794
Interest Debt - -
Maintenance Warranty Period - -
Cost must be paid 21.272.556 7.217.000
Long Terms Debt in Time 4.025.765.360 3.312.698.032
4.817.367.251 3.752.862.939
AMOUNT OF CURRENT OBLIGATION
IV LONG TERMS OBLIGATION & OTHERS

Long Terms Debt 2.174.782.058 2.430.638.771
Subscriber Warranty Money 225.051.750 225.006.750
Meter Fund Supply 2.102.907.503 2.350.479.855
Supply Fund:
- Production Fund -
- Social & Education Fund 34.993.077 34.993.077
- Pension & Supporting Fund - -
4.537.734.388 5.041.118.453
AMOUNT OF LONG TERMS OBLIGATION
EQUITY
Inserted of Center Government Unfix Status 7.787.283.657 7.787.283.657
Local Government Capital
12.797.274.330 12.797.274.330
Donation Capital
3.789.765.197 3.789.765.198
General Supply 53.567.240
53.567.240
Balance (Loss) Last Year (13.860.770.447) (11.382.993.141)
Profit (Loss) Recent Year (2.194.021.562) (2.477.777.306)
AMOUNT OF EQUITY .373.098.415 0.567.119.977

AMOUNT 7.728.200.053 9.361.101.369
13
b. Loss (Profit)
ANGGARAN
ITEM YEAR 2007 YEAR 2006
M3 % YEAR 2007 M3 % YEAR 2006
CORPORATE INCOME
I.1 Water Income 97,94% 14.543.238.790 96,39% 4.762.126 97,62% 11.565.691.254 6.444.902.375
5.720.188 6.401.358 11.913.363.025
I.2 Non Water Income 2,06% 305.268.000 3,61% 2,38% 281.873.000 411.628.618
446.766.000
SUB AMOUNT CORPORATE
100% 14.848.506.790 100% 100%
INCOME 12.360.129.025 11.847.564.254 6.856.530.993
CORPORATE DIRECT COST
II.1 Water source Cost 2.678.457.694 925.067.252 796.875.156

1.884.915.004
II.2 Water Processing Cost 1.347.247.610 1.393.923.055 1.001.718.387
836.489.353
II.3 Transmission and Distribution Cost 3.367.080.874 3.815.121.531 2.743.765.644
2.681.091.939
SUB AMOUNT OF DIRECT COST 54,73% 7.392.786.178 47,07% 43,93%
5.402.496.296 6.134.111.838 4.542.359.187
CORPORATE GROSS PROFIT
7.455.720.612
(LOSS) 6.957.632.729 5.713.452.416 2.314.171.806
CORPORATE INDIRECT COST
General Employee And
III.1 6.110.778.647 3.633.497.175 2.693.602.967
Administration Cost 6.073.692.521
III.2 Office Cost 427.353.252 321.590.379
III.3 Subscriber Connection Cost 724.069.076 44.710.150
III.4 Research And Development Cost 25.934.450 20.485.400
III.5 Financial Cost 506.281.980 349.597.106
III.6 Maintenance Cost 472.082.674 370.934.660
III.7 Director Cost 343.626.030 197.599.542
III.8 General Overhead Cost 1.467.702.854 648.432.968
III.9 Administration Reduction Cost 176.578.573 143.486.030
III.10 Amortization Cost 20.059.417 26.130.500
III.11 Corporate Receivable Share Cost 27.788.570 22.584.897

SUB AMOUNT OF CORPORATE
45,24% 6.110.778.647 52,91% 56,04%
INDIRECT COST 6.073.692.521 7.824.974.050 4.839.154.599
CORPORATE PROFIT (LOSS) 1.344.941.965
883.940.208 (2.111.521.634) (2.524.982.793)
14
ANGGARAN
ITEM YEAR 2007 YEAR 2006
M3 % YEAR 2007 M3 % YEAR 2006
INCOME/COST OUTSIDE CORPORATE
IV.1 Other Income 24.054.000 16.359.440 48.816.492

32.680.000
IV.2 Other Costs 4.696.000 4.014.467 8.386.175
2.139.000
SUB AMOUNT OF INCOME (COST)
OUTSIDE CORPORATE 0,14% 19.358.000 0,27% 0,09%
30.541.000 12.344.973 40.430.317
CORPORATE PROFIT
1.364.299.965
(LOSS) 914.481.208 (2.099.176.661) (2.484.552.476)
13.508.260.825
11.478.327.817 13.963.100.355 9.389.899.961
Extraordinary Profit
Extraordinary Loss
SUB AMOUNT OF EXTRAORDINARY
PROFIT (LOSS) - -
- -
PROFIT (LOSS) BEFORE TAX
1.364.299.965
914.481.208 (2.099.176.662) (2.484.552.476)
DELAYED TAX INCOME
-
6.775.170
REDUCTION
1.123.436.613 - -
1.123.436.613
APT VALUE REDUCTION COST
94.844.900
NET PROFIT (LOSS)
240.863.352
(208.955.405) (2.194.021.562) (2.477.777.306)
15
APENDIX II
Table 1. Medium of Drinking Water in Bandung City, Year 2006
Amount Running Water SPT SGL PAH Others

No Regency
Family Family % Family % Family % Family % Family %
1 Bandung Kulon 22,083 5,244 23.75% 1,252 5.67% 6,368 28.84% 34 0.15% 94 0.43%
2 Babakan Ciparay 21,323 7,195 33.74% 3,385 15.87% 5,256 24.65% - - 2 0.01%
3 Bojongloa Kaler 20,889 9,164 43.87% 3,674 17.59% 4,357 20.86% - - 254 1.22%
4 Bojongloa Kidul 26,772 2,723 10.17% 1,503 5.61% 5.812 21.71% - - 66 0.25%
5 Astana Anyar 14,783 8,361 56.56% 1,214 8.21% 459 3.10% 21 0.14% 203 1.37%
6 Regol 15,434 6,934 44.93% 4,215 27.31% 2,018 13.08% - - 185 1.20%
7 Lengkong 15,838 10,874 68.66% 1,072 6.77% 1,066 6.73% 1 0.01% 1 0.01%
8 Bandung Kidul 14,587 3,084 21.14% 2,855 19.57% 1,221 8.37% - - 1,009 6.92%
9 Margacinta 26,895 11,010 40.94% 11,005 40.92% 2,262 8.41% - - - -
10 Rancasari 13,131 1,768 13.46% 3,888 29.61% 2,205 16.79% 35 0.27% 8 0.06%
11 Cibiru 15,481 760 4.91% 7,877 50.88% 2,282 14.74% - - 600 3.88%
12 Ujung Berung 17,291 2,169 12.54% 2,454 14.19% 10,696 61.86% - - 166 0.96%
13 Arcamanik 15,927 4,579 28.75% 2,308 14.49% 2,229 14.00% - - 321 2.02%
14 Cicadas 22,986 10,122 44.04% 3,280 14.27% 3,845 16.73% 21 0.09% 1,101 4.79%
15 Kiara Condong 25,385 7,246 28.54% 3,660 14.42% 3,233 12.74% - - - -
16 Batununggal 26,801 8,159 30.44% 7,305 27.26% 2,891 10.79% - - 39 0.15%
17 Sumur Bandung 8,256 5,316 64.39% 198 2.40% 556 6.73% - - 59 0.71%
18 Andir 19,488 6,431 33.00% 2,335 11.98% 6,278 32.21% - - - -
19 Cicendo 21,491 6,732 31.32% 2,366 11.01% 1,316 6.12% 26 0.12% 84 0.39%
20 Bandung Wetan 8,038 5,017 62.42% 3,129 38.93% 1,216 15.13% 8 0.10% 309 3.84%
21 Cibeunying Kaler 14,023 3,641 25.96% 1,429 10.19% 4,019 28.66% - - - -
22 Cibeunying Kidul 21,971 8,940 40.69% 2,415 10.99% 3,321 15.12% - - 6 0.03%
23 Coblong 22,519 7,058 31.34% 3,212 14.26% 3,814 16.94% 2 0.01% 19 0.08%
24 Sukajadi 21,416 7,954 37.14% 5,772 26.95% 7,260 33.90% - - - -
25 Sukasari 15,623 6,253 40.02% 4,890 31.30% 1,896 12.14% - - 411 2.63%
26 Cidadap 11,145 3,702 33.22% 1,597 14.33% 1,943 17.43% - - 1,242 11.14%
TOTAL AMOUNT 479,576 160,436 33.45% 88,290 18.41% 87,819 18.31% 148 0.03% 6,179 1.29%
Sumber : Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung, 2007 (Public Health Service Bandung City, 2007)
Table 2. The Scope of Service for Drinking Water
Amount of Population Amount of Population Serviced Scope of

No, Service Area (Persons)
Connections (Persons) Service
1 Bandung Kulon 125,936 6,825 34,125 27.10%
2 Babakan Ciparay 133,224 3,582 17,910 13.44%
3 Bojongloa Kaler 117,445 6,109 30,545 26.01%
4 Bojongloa Kidul 78,280 4,387 21,935 28.02%
5 Astanaanyar 71,060 7,771 38,855 54.68%
6 Regol 81,370 8,049 40,245 49.46%
7 Lengkong 72,450 10,550 52,750 72.81%
8 Bandung Kidul 48,528 2,241 11,205 23.09%
9 Margacinta 112,032 8,017 40,085 35.78%
10 Rancasari 70,500 2,070 10,350 14.68%
11 Cibiru 87,282 82 410 0.47%
12 Ujungberung 82,593 1,394 6,970 8.44%
13 Arcamanik 104,760 2,181 10,905 10.41%
14 Cicadas 121,190 9,396 46,980 38.77%
15 Kiaracondong 121,836 8,511 42,555 34.93%
16 Batununggal 38,911 6,554 32,770 84.22%
17 Sumur Bandung 102,240 4,446 22,230 21.74%
18 Andir 95,950 5,036 25,180 26.24%
19 Cicendo 31,825 5,676 28,380 89.18%
20 Bandung W etan 109,416 4,089 20,445 18.69%
21 Cibeunying Kidul 67,584 6,743 33,715 49.89%
22 Cibeunying Kaler 67,584 4,918 24,590 36.38%
23 Coblong 122,368 8,860 44,300 36.20%
24 Sukajadi 99,864 5,851 29,255 29.29%
25 Sukasari 76,461 5,641 28,205 36.89%
26 Cidadap 50,760 2,295 11,475 22.61%
Total 2,291,449 141,274 706,370 30.83%
Source : ESP_USAID, 20
1
Table 3. The Condition of PDAM Service in Bandung City
Amount of Population to
Amount of Water Use Water Consumption
No. Connection Service
Connection
(unit) (Person) % (m3/month) % (L/conn/day/) (L/Pers/day)
1. Domestic
Home Connection 126,182 630,910 83.4 2,367,133 625.3 125.1
Public Value 2,090 125,400 16.6 113,488 1,810.0 30.2
Amount of 128,272 756,310 100.0 2,480,621 86.4
Domestic
2. Non Domestic 13,435 389,575 13.6
TOTAL 141,707 756,310 2,870,196
Table 4.Capacity of Water Taken by PDAM Bandung City

Capacity (L/second)
No. Resource Miscelaneous
Resource*) Water Taken
1 Cisangkuy River 1,800.0 1,360.0
Limited of System
Old Pipe 1,000.0 700.0
Condition
New Pipe 800.0 660.0
2 Cikapundung River 840.0 820.0
IPA Badak Singa 200.0 180.0
IPA Dago Pakar 600.0 600.0
Mini Plan Dago Pakar 40.0 40.0
Dago Bengkok 600.0 - In Process
3 Cibeureum River 40.0 30.0
4 Cirateun River 5.0 4.0
5 Cipanjalu River 20.0 15.0
6 Spring 150.0 147.2
Old 93.0 90.0
Ciwangi Spring 25.2 2.2
Bangon Spring 20.0 20.0
Ciasahan Spring 12.0 12.0
7 Drilling Well 204.0 200.0
Amount 3,059.2 2,576.2
Note : *) based on the capacity permitted by SIPA
2
Table 5. The Condition of Drinking Water Medium in Bandung Regency, 2006
Drilling WELLS OF HAND PUMP & ELECTRIC PUMP SPRING PROTECTION Amount of Medium and Scope
Amount of Well HPW-Shallow HPW-Deep Electric Pump Home Of Drink Water
No. Subdistrict KU/TA/HU
Family Private Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Connection Medium
V V V V V V V V V V V %
1 Cikalong Wetan 27802 3800 1175 5 0 0 0 732 15 0 6857 13720 57.85

2 Cipeundeuy 17876 3639 12 0 0 0 0 3336 0 2 610 7599 54.35
3 Padalarang 32900 3801 130 135 4 1 4 9714 4 172 3631 19710 67.56
4 Cipatat 33247 7712 282 111 0 146 0 2851 0 2440 8683 22225 80.27
5 Ngamprah 31158 1461 277 594 14 0 0 3813 4 54 8758 15215 67.21
6 Batujajar 27328 4032 739 215 1 12 9 5055 85 69 395 13272 76.79
7 Cililin 22394 6249 66 103 0 0 0 115 18 0 691 7637 54.21
8 Cihampelas 17022 7876 322,65 951 0 173 0 592 4 0 0 9919 64.84
9 Sindangkerta 15767 5633 558 161 10 13 0 1056 1 3 238 7680 78.13
10 Gunung Halu 19031 4142 0 0 0 0 0 753 0 5 3574 8871 70.44
11 Rongga 15236 1463 1945 0 0 0 0 42 27 0 0 3477 47.04
12 Cipongkor 19624 3050 672 125 31 0 0 187 0 5 0 4070 49.42
13 Soreang 44824 13825 474 2428 83 73 12 2071 89 775 1767 22050 74.90
14 Pasirjambu 18048 1484 96 289 111 19 3 773 0 0 1747 4522 38.76
15 Ciwidey 14026 4826 420 166 0 1 0 2070 0 7 0 7490 69.63
16 Rancabali 7353 1015 43 0 0 0 0 686 0 86 2268 4098 70.03
17 Dayeuhkolot 18864 3474 246 5766 82 230 0 1633 0 0 1760 13191 73.53
18 Margahayu 23289 854 22 6305 68 548 0 7111 0 0 0 14908 85.84
19 Katapang 22491 6590 122 1893 42 2 287 2715 42 4 146 11843 68.93
20 Margaasih 21573 4984 47 232 1 998 0 6035 18 7 281 12603 64.45
21 Arjasari 18017 2977 711 126 35 26 13 808 30 26 918 5875 71.84
22 Pameungpeuk 14520 4101 0 0 0 2550 0 2394 0 0 298 9343 80.39
23 Banjaran 24106 8674 184 899 22 10 0 2833 9 30 222 13365 84.40
24 Cangkuang 9723 3162 0 2142 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 5599 60.61
25 Pangalengan 29163 9838 235 16 6 20 24 694 0 92 5762 21167 75.84
Continue
Amount of Medium
Drilling WELLS OF HAND PUMP & ELECTRIC PUMP
SPRING PROTECTION and Scope of
Amount HPW- HPW- Electric
No. Subdistrict of Welll Home Drink Water
Shallow Deep Pump KU/TA/HU
Family Private Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Connection Medium
V V V V V V V V V V V %
26 Cimaung 15602 6060 4 1454 0 0 0 1803 0 20 1191 10532 78,45
27 Ciparay 33700 8391 6 39 0 77 1 1248 1 0 0 13615 69,17
28 Baleendah 42834 5957 910 4951 91 3577 62 4514 2 7 748 22621 74,53
29 Pacet 25193 4467 702 20 5 0 0 386 0 55 4528 10528 68,01
30 Kertasari 13145 2120 23 627 16 0 0 77 0 16 5311 8609 76,23
31 Majalaya 31949 12621 495 1107 138 47 2 1440 43 7 401 17407 74,88
32 Solokanjeruk 14967 3031 168 50 0 502 23 757 0 1 294 5306 58,57
33 Paseh 24753 6091 5 78 1 139 7 183 0 13 2477 9767 52,52
34 Ibun 14864 1352 240 88 3 2 178 0 0 124 2033 4170 71,14
35 Cicalengka 21410 5508 249 215 1 364 1 1351 54 260 762 9105 54,08
36 Nagreg 9343 1314 163 269 293 0 0 386 0 0 1014 3439 74,57
37 Cikancung 16724 3620 505 494 155 1985 266 2585 288 44 902 11280 72,64
38 Rancaekek 35513 6164 51 2941 0 1691 16 1766 1 0 31 17870 71,82
39 Cileunyi 24567 4448 136 1960 0 1806 24 2109 0 28 2402 12913 77,93
40 Cilengkrang 7263 1945 0 0 0 70 0 782 0 9 3984 6790 83,80
41 Cimenyan 16069 3721 0 364 0 6 0 1358 0 1114 2739 9723 68,35
42 Bojongsoang 15808 1348 36 2474 0 0 0 3853 0 0 0 7711 72,75
43 Lembang 39252 8791 726 42 21 91 0 999 192 247 7422 27377 52,40
44 Cisarua 12203 16 5 20 0 7 0 86 0 89 4321 6029 66,66
45 Parompong 21720 73 0 3 0 55 0 3236 0 1554 11293 16617 85,15
TOTAL AMOUNT 982260 205700 13203 39858 1234 15241 932 86988 927 7365 100754 510858 68,75
1
Table 6. Condition of Service Given by PDAM Bandung Regency 2006
Amount of Connection People got Service % thd service

No Branch Regency
(unit) Service (Person) Given(%) Regency
1 Soreang Soreang 4,207 28,606 64.4 10.28
Katapang 2,051 13,234 78.4
Pangalengan 2,759 21,398 29.1
Banjaran 798 5,850 10.4
Cangkuang 730 4,884 11.9
Pameungpeuk 168 1,096 11.0
Arjasari 122 990 9.8
Rancaekek 52 494 2.7
2 Ciparay Ciparay 4,085 29,284 33.6 9.18
Majalaya 3,207 24,982 22.8
Ibun 208 1,212 28.5
Solokan Jeruk 1,393 8,130 12.9
Paseh 82 962 1.7
Baleendah 1,378 8,590 21.9
Bojongsoang 679 4,162 24.0
Pacet 274 3,512 14.5
3 Rancaekek Rancaekek 4,704 28,494 72.9 9.83
Cicalengka 284 2,350 11.5
Cikancung 138 816 4.6
4 Lembang Lembang 2,075 14,550 22.7
Cisarua 2,524 18,360 45.4
5 Padalarang Padalarang 1,475 11,040 11.6 4.41
Ngamprah 225 1,426 10.8
Batujajar 660 4,846 9.9
Cililin 571 5,222 18.1
Cikalong Wetan 277 2,396 12.7
6 Cimahi Cimahi Selatan 2,144 15,444 19.0 13.14
Cimahi Tengah 7,012 46,880 29.4
Cimahi Utara 2,306 15,490 12.6
Ngamparh 1,622 10,794 25.8
Parongpong 682 4,388 29.9
Bandung 378 2,250
TOTAL 49,270 342,132
Tabel 7. The Capacity of Water Resource taken by PDAM Bandung Regency

Capacity(L/sec)
No. Branch Area Resource Miscelaneous
Resource Taken
1 Soreang Soreang River 60 55,00 2 IPA
Banjaran River 40 26,58
Ciwidey Spring 20 0,78
Pangalengan Spring 30 25,58
2 Ciparay Ciparay River 200 167,32
Pacet Spring 5 2,29
Paseh Spring 5 0,30
3 Rancaekek Cicalengka Drilling Well 8 3,42
Rancaekek Drilling Well 24 19,00 3 DW
4 Lembang Cisarua River 36 22,65
Lembang Spring 38 24,33 3 MA
5 Padalarang Batujajar Spring 30 20,00
Cikalong Wetan Spring 8 6,00
Cililin River 20 10,00
Padalarang Drilling Well 28 20,50 2 DW
6 Cimahi Cimahi River 197 147,50 1 IPA
Spring 2 MA
Drilling Well 2 DW
JUMLAH 749 551,25
Table 8. The Capacity of Plants PDAM Tirta Rangga
Plant Capacity
No Branch/ Unit Water Resource (lt/sec)
1 Subang Spring 155,00
2 Pamanukan Surface water/ river 48,42
3 Binong Drilled well 6,00
4 Pagaden Drilled well 6,00
5 Cipunagara Drilled well 10,00
6 Pusakanegara Drilled well 5,90
7 Compreng Drilled well 17,10
8 Purwadadi Drilled well 10,00
9 Kalijati Drilled well 10,00
10 Jalancagak Spring 23,30
11 Cisalak Spring 66,90
12 Sagalaherang Sumur Bor 15,00
13 Ciasem/ Blanakan Surface water 40,00
Total Amount 413,62
Source: PDAM Tirta Rangga Subang Regency

Tables 9. Service PDAM Tirta Medal Kab. Sumedang
Amount of
Zone Service Area
Connection
I • Kec. Sukasari 872
• Kec. Jatinangor 1.893
• Kec. Cimanggung -
• Kec. Tanjungsari 3.112
• Kec. Pamulihan -
• Kec. Rancakalong -
II • Sumedang Utara 3.486
• Sumedang Selatan 2.928
• Cimalaka 2.680
• Tanjungkerta 602
• Ganeas -
• Cisarua -
III • Wado 1.896

• Cibugel -
• Cisitu -
• Darmaraja 458
• Jatinunggal
IV • Jatigede -
V • Situraja 1.562
• Paseh 2.505
• Conggeang -
• Tomo 1.758
• Ujungjaya 1.723
VI • Buah Dua
• Surian
• Tanjungmedar
1
Tables 10. Service Coverage of PDAM Tirta Medal Sumedang Regency
Branch Service Population of the city (person) Luas Kota
(%) (Ha)
Cab. Sumedang Selatan 25,22 67.034 6.027,85
Cab. Sumedang Utara 30,30 75.516 3.018,66
Cab. Situraja 21,36 34.073 -
Unit Darmaraja 0,08 37.129 -
Cab. Cimalaka 31,90 37.919
Unit Tanjungkerta 23,80 12.038
Cab. Paseh 38,57 36.765 2.225,00
Cab. Tanjungsari 30,48 71.798 2.629,00
Cab. Jatinangor 31,04 83.206 2.620,00
Cab. Tomo 73,00 11.411 136,00
Cab. Ujungjaya 35,90 19.007 136,00
Cab. Wado 27,11 33.157 11.640,00
Tables 11. Raw Water Resources and Production Capacity PDAM Tirta Medal
Sumedang Regency Year 2006
Raw water resource
Capacity Capacity
Branch Surface Design Production
Groundwater Others
Water (L/sec) (L/sec)
(L/sec) (L/sec)
(L/sec)
Cab. Sumedang Selatan - 160,00 10,00 110 44
Cab. Sumedang Utara - - 360,00 100 30
Cab. Situraja - - 660,00 20 10
Unit Darmaraja - - 4,50 8 3
Cab. Cimalaka 45,00 - - 32 20
Unit Tanjungkerta - - 4,00 5 3
Cab. Paseh 23,17 - - 27 25
Cab. Tanjungsari 10,00 214,58 - 76 45
Cab. Jatinangor 15,00 134,58 - 35 28
Cab. Tomo - - 20,00 20 14
Cab. Ujungjaya - - 20,00 20 14
Cab. Wado - 1.015,00 5,00 35 26
Table 12. Sold Water Production, Distribution and NRW

Amount of Amount of Lost
Opration Time
PDAM Distributed Sold Water Water
(hours/day)
Water (L/sec) (L/sec) (L/sec)
Cab. Sumedang Selatan 1.043.432 22,20 23,30 22,00
Cab. Sumedang Utara 851.253 14,89 26,90 20,00
Cab. Situraja 447.460 8,58 8,44 16,00
Unit Darmaraja 107.186 2,85 13,70 16,00
Cab. Cimalaka 636.043 14,58 24,60 19,00
Unit Tanjungkerta 99.792 1,22 21,13 19,00
Cab. Paseh 583.795 16,12 21,00 16,00
Cab. Tanjungsari 759.113 15,86 24,00 16,00
Cab. Jatinangor 624.429 16,87 16,30 16,00
Cab. Tomo 365.572 8,92 8,90 19,30
Cab. Ujungjaya 365.086 8,85 6,34 19,30
Cab. Wado 394.720 10,10 26,37 16,00
2
APENDIX III
A. Technical Analysis
Tables 1. PDAM Bandung City Service Condition

Service to Population The Use of Water The Use of Water
Amount of
Amount Of Ltrs /
No. Connection (Ltrs/conne
Connection (person) % 3
(M /month) % person /
(Unit) ction/day)
day
1. Domestics
House Connection 126.182 630.910 83,4% 2.367.133 625,3 125,1
Public Taps 2.090 125.400 16,6% 113.488 1.810,0 30,2
Amount of 128.272 756.310 100,0% 2.480.621 86,4%
Domestics
2. Non Domestics 13.435 389.575 13,6%

Total 141.707 756.310 2.870.196
Tables 2. Target of PDAM Bandung City Service Achievement
Existing Service Target

No. Description
Condition Year 2015 Year 2025
1. Level of Service 33% 75% 80%
2. Kinds of Service
SR 83% 90%
HU 17% 10%
3. The Use of Water
SR 125 150
HU 30 30
Non Domestics 13.60% 20%
4. Water Loss 47% 40%
Tables 3 Additional Capacity through Cimenteng Program

Capacity (liters/Second) Capacity
No. Source Proposed
Source *) Taking
Program
1 Cisangkuy River 1.800,0 1.360,0 1.66,0
Old Pipe 1.000,0 700,0 -
New Pipe 800,0 660,0 660
IPA Cimenteng - - 1.000,0
2 Cikapundung river 200,0 180,0 800,0
IPA Badak Singa 200,0 180,0 200,0
Dago Bengkok 2.000,0 600,0
2.000,0 1.540,0 2.460,0
Tables 4. System Condition of PDAM Bandung Regency

Description Year 2004 Year 2004 Unit
Production Capacity 569,0 537,0 Liters/Second
Distribution Capacity 520,0 504,1 Liters/Second
Selling Capacity 316,9 315,0 Liters/Second
Amount of connection 46.204 49.270 Unit
Service Population 321.045 342.123 Person
Water loss 39,1% 37,5 %
Used Water 85 80 Lt/person/day
1
Tables 5. Target Sevice of PDAM Bandung Regency
Existing Target Service
No. Description
1. The Level of Service 7% 20% 30%
2. The use of water
Domestic (Lt/person/day) 80 90 90
Non Domestic (%) 5,0% 10% 15%
3. Water Loss 38% 35% 35%
Tables 6. Potential Water Source in Bandung Regency

Kapacity can be utilized
No. Source Program (Lt/Second)
Bandung Bandung Cimahi City
City Regency
A. Surface Water 1.600 550 -
1 Cimahi River Built Sukawarna Lake 250
2 Citarum Hulu river Built Cisanti Lake 200
3 Saguling DAM 300
4 Cisangkuy River Built Santosa DAm 1.400
B Springs - 280 -
1 Citiis Spring 70
2 Kinceuh Spring 115
3 Ciseupan Spring 95
Amount 1.600 830 -
Tables 7. Monthly Rate of Flow of Citarum River
Rate of Flow (Liter/second)

Month
1999 2000 2001 2002
January 10854 11244 15961 16895

February 14224 14742 10898 16731
March 13755 7714 22949 16553
April 13523 11863 16337 15256
May 10889 10638 10747 12824
June 8187 7815 7781 10459
July 2591 7788 2849 4933
August 6791 1482 1563 8949
September 6791 1982 1723 8633
October 6443 5339 1787 7521
November 6639 9160 1862 8338
December 9835 13582 24016 12297
Source : PU Pengairan Cabang Ciparay (Watering Ciparay Branch), Pos Bendung Wanir, 2003
Tables 8. Average Flow of Rate Half Month of Cisangkuy river

Month Period
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
1-15 2617 15922 18370 19353 10305

January
16-31 4788 17734 12927 16319 21831
1-15 7420 16684 12721 18162 17031
February
16-28 6297 17818 10974 10960 19277
March 1-15 6611 17221 6774 17448 18733
2
Month Period
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
16-31 9354 18572 10699 19598 19127

1-15 17504 19435 9852 19904 17230
April
16-30 16653 16208 10802 18174 15058
1-15 7563 14423 15383 14524 8218
May
16-31 7000 12348 11364 8163 5409
1-15 6354 6460 5704 5068 4429
June
16-30 11922 4404 5616 3933 2783
1-15 9860 3951 4643 3830 1978
July
16-31 8143 3372 3304 3832 2370
1-15 6010 3170 2814 3764 1694
August
16-31 4516 3151 3235 3959 1856
1-15 3989 3252 3943 3893 1840
September
16-30 7214 3596 4446 4043 1825
1-15 10155 5299 9178 12826 2522
October
16-31 11587 8731 5484 13229 1407
1-15 18366 13842 17129 20329 1424
November
16-30 12572 15739 12525 23249 1434
1-15 10066 16102 10031 12772 5493
December
16-31 14898 12308 16750 7613 8783
Source : PU Pengairan Kec. Banjaran (Watering Banjaran Dustrict), Bandung Regency
Tables 9. Target Service of PDAM Sumedang Regency

No. Description
2. The use of water
Non Domestic (%) 5,0% 10% 15%
3. Water Loss 46% 35% 35%
Tables 10. Potential Water Sources in Sumedang Regency

Kapacity can be utilized (Lt/Second)
No. Source Program Sumedang
Bandung City
Regency
A. Springs 1.179 -
1 Cinangsi Spring 275 -
2 Cipelang Spring 245 -
3 Cikandung Spring 237 -
4 Cipaneunteun Spring 160 -
5 Cicaneang Spring 263 -
B. Rivers 1.500 100
3
1 Citarik River Built Citarik DAM - 100
2 Cimanuk River 1.000 -
3 Cipelang River 500 -
Amount 2.679 100
Tables 11. The Monthly Average Rate of Flow Citarik River in 2003
Month Rate of Flow (L/second)
January 1,23
February 2,18
March 1,87
April 1,19
May 1,05
June 0,82
July 0,91
August 1,79
September 3,29
October 5,09
November 1,56
December 1,37
Source : Dinas PSDA ,Pos Bendung Cangkuang.
Tables 12. Service Target of PDAM Subang Regency

No. Description
2. The use of water
Non Domestic (%) 5,0% 10% 15%
3. Water Loss 60% 35% 35%
Tables 12. Service Target of PDAM Subang Regency

No. Description
2. The use of water
Non Domestic (%) 5,0% 10% 15%
3. Water Loss 60% 35% 35%
4
B. Development Program
Tables 13. Tables of Providing Water Source Planning Bandung City in 2015
No Regency/City Source Kapacity

(L/sec)
1 Bandung City Cikapundung river – Dago Bengkok 600
Cikapundung river – Dago Pakar 60
Cikapundung river – Siliwangi 20
Deepwell 100
Retention pool 200
2 Bandung Regency Cisangkuy river – Cimenteng *) 1.000
Citarum Upstream 400
Cisangkuy river – Sentosa irrigation 1.400
Citarum Hulu river – Cisanti lake 200
3 Sumedang Regency Citarik river – Citarik irrigation 100
4 Subang Regency Cikaruncang river – Bukit Tunggul 300
*) Reduction capacity ( - ) 700
AMOUNT 3.680
Tables 14. Production Capacity, Sold Water, and PDAM Bandung City water loss.
2005 2006 2007 % change
Onboard Capacity (Ltr/scn) 2,867 2,867 2,867 0.0%

Operated capacity (Ltr/scn) 2,580 2,580 2,580 0.0%
Onboard Capacity (%) 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%
3
Total Water Production (000 m ) 81,372 81,372 81,372 0.0%
Total water sold (000 m3) 34,116 34,116 14,116 0.0%
3
Total Water loss (000 m ) 3,883 3,582 3,238 0.0%
Total water loss (%) 47.0% 45.0% 43.0%
3
Water/Ltr/Mth Consumes (m ) 24 24 24 0.0%
5
Tables 15. PDAM Bandung City total extension
2005 2006 2007 % change
Social Costumer 2.38% 2,286 2,286 2,286 4.7%
Government & household 96.79% 127,791 127,791 127,791 4.7%

costumer
Commerce costumer 0.78% 12,467 12,467 12,467 4.6%
Industrial costumer 0.04% 458 458 458 3.7%
Special costumer 0.01% 1 1 1 0.0%
Total Extension 100.00% 143,003 143,003 143,003 4.6%
Total employees 935 935 935
Employees Ratio - SL 8 8 8
Tables 7.16. PDAM Bandung City water sold total per costumer group (000 m3)
2005 2006 2007
Social costumer 5.35% 1,700 1,700 1,700
Household & Government costumer 80.58% 28,063 28,063 28,063

Commerce Costumer 1.08% 4,002 4,002 4,002
Industrial costumer 12.98% 159 159 159
Special costumer 0.02% 192 192 192
Total water sold 100.00% 34,116 34,116 34,116
Tables 17. PDAM Bandung City operational income (Rp 000)
2005 2006 2007 % change

Water sales 68,699,665 65,083,41 80,954,721
Non Water sales 2,984,526 2,374,635 2,710,276
Operational income 88,563,998 87,387,83 83,664,997
Tables 18. PDAM Bandung City Water Sales per Costumer’s group (Rp 000)
2005 2006 2007 %

change
Social Costumer 2.86% 1,213,741 1,213,741 1,213,741 25.0%
Household & 70.05% 41,831,209 52,560,915 63,290,620 19.2%

government costumer
Commerce costumer 2.36% 9,469,469 12,059,215 14,648,961 16.0%
Industrial costumer 24.69% 522,743 628,929 735,115 15.2%
Special costumer 0.04% 1,066,284 1,066,284 1,066,284 0.0%
Water sales 100.00 % 54,103,446 67,529,083 80,954,721 18.2%
6
Tables 19. PDAM Bandung City Operational cost (Rp 000)
2005 2006 2007 % change

Product cost 30,213,989 31,724,688 33,310,923 5%
Electrical cost 4,097,183 4,097,183 4,097,183 0%
Chemical material cost 4,529,762 4,869,494 5,234,706 7%
Maintenance cost 9,650,042 9,943,213 9,943,213 1.5%
Public and administration cost 9,077,697 9,200,160 9,675,168 3%
Receivable elimination cost 3,798,721 5,402,327 6,476,378 31%
Raw water cost 907,736 975,816 1,049,003 8%
Raw water operational cost 5,053,4000 4,634,902 4,885,060 -43%
From others PDAM purchased 0 0 0 0
Cash operational cost 67,328,531 70,847,784 74,671,634 5%
Tables 20. PDAM Bandung City receivable claim performance
2005 2006 2007
Receivable claim time length (days) 68 67 65,4

Water sales receivable 24,47% 17,50.% 17.50%
Current ratio 1,93 2 2
Tables 21. Long term payable (Rp 000) and PDAM Bandung City DSCR
2005 2006 2007
Become due Long term payable 26.478.943 27.316.390 27.316.390

Long term payable 347.215.858 346.348.411 319.032.021
DSCR 2,19 0,79 1,08
Tables 22. PDAM Bandung City average fare (Rp/m3)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Average fare 2,380 2,380 2,380 -

Average cost 2,146 2,146 2,146 -
Low fare cost 1,321 1,321 1,321 -
Basic fare cost 1,491 1,491 1,491 -
Complete fare cost 3,283 3,283 3,283 -
Operational ratio 94% 96% 96% -
Tables 23. PDAM Bandung City average fare per costumer group (Rp/m3)
2005 2006 2007 % change

Social costumer 1,321 1,321 1,321 0%
Household and government costumer 1,491 1,491 1,491 0%
Commerce costumer 2,366 2,366 2,366 0%
Industrial costumer 3,283 3,283 3,283 0%
Special costumer - - - 0%
7
Tables 24. Production Capacity, Sold Water, and PDAM Bandung Regency water loss.
2005 2006 2007 %

change
Onboard Capacity (Ltr/scn) 652 749 746 3.3%

Operated capacity (Ltr/scn) 583 554 568 -0.02%
Total Water Production (000 m3) 18.386 17.474 17.913 -0.02%
3
Total water sold (000 m ) 10.172 9.797 9.831 -0.4%
3
Total Water loss (000 m ) 8.214 7.677 8.082 0.1%
Total water loss (%) 44.7% 43.9% 45.1%
3
Water/Ltr/Mth Consumes (m ) 16 17 16 0.0%
Tables 25. PDAM Bandung Regency total extension.
2005 2006 2007 % change
Social costumer 2.38% 503 556 615 4.7%

Government costumer 96.79% 21,738 22,557 23,635 4.7%
Commerce costumer 0.78% 183 183 183 4.6%
Industry costumer 0.04% 9 10 10 3.7%
Extension total 100.00% 22,434 23,307 24,444 4.6%
Employees number 187 186 186
Employee ratio – SL 8 8 8
Tables 26. Total water sold per costumer group Bandung regency’s PDAM (000 m3)
2005 2006 2007
Social costumer 3.85% 399 373 377

Government costumer 87.23% 8.965 8.483 8.550
Commerce costumer 2.67% 272 262 262
Water sold total 100.00% 10.172 9.797 9.831
8
Tables 27. Operational Income PDAM Bandung Regency (Rp 000)
2005 2006 2007 %

change
Water Sales 91.14% 27,208,224 26,373,692 27,294,115 1.4%

Non water sales 8.35% 1,275,145 3,362,381 2,825,022 27.1%
Soiled Water sales 0.51% 156,000 148,680 150,596 0.0%
Operational
Income 100.00% 28,639,369 29,884,753 30,269,733 0.2%
Tables 28. Water sales per Bandung Regency’s costumers group (Rp 000.)
2005 2006 2007 %

change
Social costumer 2.16% 643,141 575,046 612,278 -23.2%

Government 83.26% 22,530,295 22,724,997 22,052,689 -0.1%
costumer
Commerce 4.39% 1,209,665 1,186,977 1,156,275 -1.9%
costumer
Industrial costumer 2.28% 1,520,015 182,542 149,832 175.5%
Special costumer 7.81% 1,305,109 1,704,130 3,323,041 63.0%
Water Sales Total 100.00 % 27,208,224 26,373,692 27,294,115 1.4%%
Tables 7.29. PDAM Bandung Regency operational cost (Rp 000)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Employment cost 35.20% 9,953,384 9,446,856 9,600,856 4.5%

Electrical cost 7.95% 1,848,002 2,140,619 2,374,037 10.1%
Chemical material 3.66% 945,675 988,671 986,719 -1.8%
cost
Maintenance cost 8.98% 2,104,438 2,504,832 2,573,019 11.0%
Administration and 15.76% 3,510,974 4,230,610 4,877,735 14.5%
public cost
Receivable 2.42% 1,227,871 193,393 494,985 158.2%
qualification cost
Raw water cost 1.39% 571,458 317,800 211,513 31.5%
Soiled water cost 0.33% 121,458 3,429 137,937 13.6%
Cash operational 76.56% 19,381,260 19,826,110 21,256,837 7.9%
cost
Depreciation cost 18.93% 4,922,349 4,983,383 5,204,164 5.0%
Financial cost 5.37% 1,581,577 1,421,033 1,271,551 -10.3%
Operational cost 100.00% 25,885,185 26,230,526 27,732,553 9.2%
total
9
Tables 30. PDAM Bandung Regency Receivable claim performance.
2005 2006 2007
Receivable claim time length (days) 85 62 66
Water sales receivable 17.2% 16.2% 15.9%

Current ratio 0.9 1.1 2.7
Tables 31. Long term payable and PDAM Bandung Regency DSCR
2005 2006 2007
Become due long term payable 3,277,712 3,315,249 4,516,570
Long term payable 19,112,222 15,796,973 12,481,725

DSCR 1.9 2.1 2.0
Tables 32. PDAM Bandung Regency average fare (Rp/m3)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Average fare 2,691 2,695 2,776 1.5%

Average cost 2,560 2,681 2,821 9.2%
Low fare cost 1,917 2,026 2,162 8.0%
Base fare cost 2,073 2,171 2,292 10.3%
Complete fare cost 2,875 3,026 3,144 5.3%
Operational ratio 105.1% 100.5% 98.4%
Tables 33. PDAM Bandung Regency average fare per costumer group (Rp/m3)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Social costumer 1,611 1,544 1,624 4.3%

Government costumer 2,513 2,679 2,579 -1.4%
Commerce costumer 4,442 4,532 4,405 1.0%
Industrial costumer 54,649 7,625 7,219 177,3%
Special costumer 2,571 2,599 5,349 19.5%
Tabel 34. Product Capacity, Sold Water, PDAM Sumedang Regency water loss
2005 2006 2007
Onboard Capacity (Lt/scn) 554,00 564,00 564,00

Operated Capacity (Lt/scn) 226,90 226,90 236,90
Total water production (000 m3) 6,564,895 6,506,117 6,201,283
3
Total water sold (000 m ) 5,114,899 5,136,841 4,492,164
Total water loss (000 m3) 1,108,107 1,369,276 1,457,331
10
Total water loss (%) 22.09% 21.05% 24.50%
Tabel 35. PDAM Sumedang Regency extension number
2005 2006 2007 %

change
Extension Total 100.00% 47,769 49,270 50,022 1.5%
Emplyment total 238

Employment Ratio – SL 6
Tabel 36. PDAM Sumedang Regency operational income(Rp 000)
2005 2006 2007

Water sales 91.14% 6,306,141,600 6,444,902,375 11,565,691,254
Non water sales 8.35% 288,059,000 411,628,618 281,873,000
Opertional Income 100.00% 28,639,369 29,884,753 30,269,733
Tabel 37. PDAM Sumedang Regency operational cost (Rp 000)
Code Explanation 2007 2006
II COMPANY DIRECT COST

II.1 Water resource cost 925,067,252 796,875,156
II.2 Water development cost 1,393,923,055 1,001,718,387
II.3 Transmission and Distribution cost 3,815,121,531 2,743,767,644
SUB TOTAL DIRECT COST 6,134,111,838 4,542,359,187
COMPANY GROSS PROFIT (LOSS) 5,713,452,416 2,314,171,806
III COMPANY INDICRECT COST
Administration and public
III.1 employment cost 3,633,497,175 2,693,602,967
III.2 Office cost 427,353,252 321,590,379
III.3 Costumer relation cost 724,069,076 44,710,150
III.4 Research and development cost 25,934,450 20,485,400
III.5 Financial cost 506,281,980 349,597,106
III.6 Maintenance cost 472,082,674 370,934,660
III.7 Director cost 343,626,030 197,599,542
III.8 Miscellaneous cost 1,467,702,854 648,432,968
III.9 Administration depreciation cost 176,578,573 143,486,030
III.10 Amortization cost 20,059,417 26,130,500
III.11 Receivable elimination cost 27,788,520 22,584,897
SUB TOTAL INDIRECT COST 7,824,974,050 4,839,154,599
- -
COMPANY PROFIT (LOSS) 2,111,521,634 2,524,982,793
11
Tables 38. PDAM Sumedang Regency Long term payable and DSCR
2006 2007
Becomes due long term payable 3,312,698,032 4,025,765,360

Long term payable 6,183,501,710 6,992,149,309
DSCR
Tabel 39. Sumedang Regency’s Water average fare(Rp/m3)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Sumedang Regency’s water average fare 1,232 1,254 2,574 1.5%
Tables 40. PDAM Tirta Medal Sumedang Water Fare Structure
NO COSTUMERS GROUP PROGRESSIVE FARE COUNTING

BASED ON CONSUMES CLASIFICATION
0-10 M3 11-20 M3 > 20 M3
I SOCIAL
1. PUBLIC SOCIAL 1.078 1.078 1.078
2. SPECIAL SOCIAL 1.078 1.078 1.078
II NON COMMERCE
1. HOUSEHOLD A 1.540 2.310 3.080
2. HOUSEHOLD B 1.540 2.310 3.850
3. GOVERNMENT 2.310 3.080 3.850
III COMMERCE
1. SMALL COMMERCE 3.080 3.850 3.080
2. MEDIUM COMMERCE 3.850 4.620 3.850
3. LARGE COMMERCE 4.620 5.390 4.620
IV INDUSTRIAL
1. SMALL INDUSTRY 3.850 6.160 3.850
2. MEDIUM INDUSTRY 4.620 7.700 4.620
Tables 41. Production Capacity, Sold Water, and PDAM Subang Regency water loss.
2005 2006 2007 % change

Onboard Capacity (Ltr/scn) 414 414 414 0,0%
Operated capacity (Ltr/scn) 282 280 278 4.0%
Total Water Production (000 m3) 8,8888 8,843 8,773 4.0%
3
Total water sold (000 m ) 5,005 5,261 5,535 5.6%
Total Water loss (000 m3) 3,883 3,582 3,238 1.0%
Total water loss (%) 43.7% 40.5% 36.9%
Water/Ltr/Mth consumed (m3) 19 19 19 0.0%
12
Tables 42. PDAM Subang Regency total extension.
2005 2006 2007 %

change
Social costumer 2.38% 503 556 615 4.7%

Government costumer 96.79% 21,738 22,557 23,635 4.7%
Commerce costumer 0.78% 183 183 183 4.6%
Industry costumer 0.04% 9 10 10 3.7%
Extension total 100.00% 22,434 23,307 24,444 4.6%
Employees number 187 186 186
Employee ratio – SL 8 8 8
Tables 43. Total water sold per costumer group PDAM Subang Regency (000 m3)
2005 2006 2007
Social costumer 5.35% 268 281 296
Government costumer 80.58% 4,033 4,239 4,460

Commerce costumer 1.08% 54 57 60
Water sold total 100.00% 5,005 5,261 5,535
Tables 44. Operational Income PDAM Subang Regency (Rp 000)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Water Sales 94.15% 10,060,587 12,761,372 14,268,791 18.2 %
Non water sales 5.85% 767,313 740,069 746,816 8.5%

Operational 100.00% 10,827,900 13,501,441 15,015,608 16.9%
income
Tables 45. Water sales per Subang Regency’s costumer group (Rp 000.)
2005 2006 2007 %

change
Social costumer 2.86% 282,082 349,070 434,070 25.0%

Government 70.05% 6,966,146 9,044,461 9,994,390 19.2%
costumer
Commerce 2.36% 247,999 313,318 307,593 16.0%
costumer
Industrial 24.69% 2,559,360 3,049,524 3,527,338 15.2%
costumer
Special costumer 0.04% 5,000 5,000 5,000 0.0%
Water Sales 100.00 % 10,060,587 12,761,372 14,268,791 18.2%
Total
13
Tables 46. PDAM Subang Regency operational cost (Rp 000)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Employment cost 33.98% 3,668,494 4,460,512 5,094,144 13.5%
Electrical cost 14.11% 1,548,902 1,837,680 2,095,574 11.0%

Chemical material 0.85% 144,845 73,190 94,013 22.9%
cost
Maintenance cost 5.84% 641,507 838,253 781,145 16.8%
Administration and 15.09% 1,487,230 2,183,549 2,231,585 24.6%
public cost
Receivable 1.13% 122,899 185,707 127,678 156.0%
qualification cost
Raw water cost 5.56% 501,526 758,401 937,241 212.24%
Cash operational 76.56% 8,115,403 10,337,292 11,361,379 17.1%
cost
Depreciation cost 18.92% 2,003,328 2,456,195 2,922,137 13.3%
Financial cost 4.52% 561,635 551,963 622,436 3.7%
Operational cost 100.00% 10,680,366 13,345,450 14,905,952 17.7%
total
Tables 47. PDAM Subang Regency Receivable claim performance.
2005 2006 2007

Receivable claim time length (days) 72 66 67
Water sales receivable 18.3% 16.% 17.5%
Current ratio 1.4 1.1 1.0
Tables 48. Long term payable and PDAM Subang Regency DSCR
2005 2006 2007
Become due long term payable 1,524,277 2,184,388 2,941,304

Long term payable 3,030,926 2,797,778 2,564,630
DSCR 3.4 4.0 4.3
Tables 49. PDAM Subang Regency average fare (Rp/m3)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Average fare 2,021 2,446 2,595 12.0%

Average cost 2,146 2,558 2,711 11.5%
Low fare cost 1,631 1,981 2,066 10.9%
Base fare cost 1,743 2,087 2,179 12.8%
Complete fare cost 2,499 2,962 3,128 9.9%
Operational ratio 94% 96% 96%
14
Tables 50. PDAM Subang Regency average fare per costumer group (Rp/m3)
2005 2006 2007 % change
Social costumer 1,054 1,241 1,468 18.3%
Government costumer 1,727 2,134 1,141 12.8%

Commerce costumer 4,594 5,521 5,152 9.7%
Industrial costumer 3,941 4,467 4,911 9.1%
Special costumer 5,256 5,000 4,752 -5.3%
15

Piloting Model For Collaboration Among Pdams in West Java

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Piloting Model For Collaboration Among Pdams in West Java

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3.6. Implementation plan 27

5.4.1.1. Underground Water 61

6.3. PDAM SUBANG REGENCY 97

6.3.4. Condition of Water Resource 99

7.1.4.2.2. PDAM Subang Regency 116

7.1.4.3. Proposed Program 118

7.3.3. River and River Allocation based on Undang-Undang. 134

4.1. Population based on District and Density on 2005 34

2.1. Water Resources Characteristics 12

FINAL REPORT -1-

f. At least three workshop with stakeholder and 12 small workshops.

FINAL REPORT -2-

Location of work will be at administration region area in Bandung's, Bandung's Regency,

4 Scope and Description of Activities:

a. Raw Water Production Scheme

 Cost estimation of the project implementation, including rough financial

To assess the sustainability of the system, to be detailed is as follows:

 Identification water resource prospect of available raw water sources (quantity

 Long term continuity of water resources

 Long term threats related to the water quantity and quality

 Recommendations of management, utilization and protection of water sources to

b. Institutional Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Legal Requirements and

FINAL REPORT -3-

 Identify and describe political obstacles and opportunities through series of

 Summary of results, conclusions and recommendations, ready to be presented to

5. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology

FINAL REPORT -4-

PDAM (4 Utilities in Bandung Region) UNEP

Operating Cost Environment

Management Existing Laws &

PILOT & DEMONSTRATION ACTION

Result/ Conclusion/ Recommendation:

Water Resource Water Demand Financial Legal Institutional &

Technical & Management Political/ Public

Image 1. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology

FINAL REPORT -5-

a) Joint Venture Company

c) The Public Service Organization.

 Governor/Regent/Mayor is responsible for the implementation of the public services

FINAL REPORT -6-

 Officials/officer appointed managing Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM responsible for

a. Forms of Cooperation Benefits:

FINAL REPORT -7-

1. Management of all or part of the system

Step by step the establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU)

A. Preparation Hearing to the

Delivered the results of a

FINAL REPORT -8-

Meet Article 9 Regulation

Relationship and the

A clear division of duties

FINAL REPORT -9-

1. Investment cost of the infrastructure development connected to 4 PDAMs. If BLU is in the

Infrastructure between Investment Needs Description

Making Dam (World Bank Studies,

Bandung Cuty-Subang Making Infrastructure (ESP

Total needs Infrastructure Rp 162.000.000.000

2. Operational and Non-Operational Costs.

Positive & Negative Any Options Of The Blu-Spam Formed

Option Positive Negative

Option Positive Negative

BLU-SPAM  Responsibility of Regional  Development of technical direct to

Cost estimation of the project implementation, including rough financial

Identification water resource prospect of available raw water sources (quantity

Long term continuity of water resources

Long term threats related to the water quantity and quality

Recommendations of management, utilization and protection of water sources to

Identify and describe political obstacles and opportunities through series of

Summary of results, conclusions and recommendations, ready to be presented to

Governor/Regent/Mayor is responsible for the implementation of the public services

Officials/officer appointed managing Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM responsible for

BLU-SPAM Responsibility of Regional Development of technical direct to

The sale of property that are not separated;

The utilization of property;

Time deposit Services;

Benefits of the difference between the exchange rate of rupiah against

Commission, discount or other form as a result of the sales and / or

Easier access to alternative investment financing through better matching of

Cost estimation of the project implementation, including rough financial

Identification water resource prospect of available raw water sources (quantity

Long term continuity of water resources

Long term threats related to the water quantity and quality

Recommendations of management, utilization and protection of water sources to

Identify and describe political obstacles and opportunities through series of

Summary of results, conclusions and recommendations, ready to be presented to