Making of A Monument: 351-feet high SHIVA STATUE

at NATHDWARA, INDIA
Part-1: Wind Tunnel Testing Plan & Modeling
aspects

by
Er.(Dr) Abhay Gupta
Director, Skeleton/ESCOM Consultants NOIDA

ORGANISED BY
INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
PROJECT BRIEF

A 351-feet (107m) high cast-in-place concrete statue of Lord Shiva has
been proposed on the top of a 50m high hillock at Nathdwara, near
Udaipur in Rajasthan (India), with a design life of 250+ years, sponsored
by MIRAJ Group. This is one of the largest concrete statues in the world
and would be second in India after the proposed Sardar Patel statue in
Gujarat.

Special Features:

Overall plan area of development is about 15acres.

The base of the main platform is in rectangular shape representing a hill
top with a separation supporting the main body and one palm of Lord
Shiva, approx. 60mx45m in plan.

Total height of Shiv Murti from base will be 351feet (106.98m).

Height of the platform is about 120feet (36m).

Height of TRISHUL structure which is independently standing above the
platform is about 170feet (51m).

There will be a shell skin and a hollow space inside which will house a
lift and stairs for maintenance purpose.
MASTER PLAN
LORD SHIVA STATUE AT THE TOP OF 50M HIGH HILOCK IN
NATHDWARA: ARTIST’S IMPRESSION
ACTUAL SITE AT NATHDWARA
HEIGHT OF ACTUAL STRUCTURE
LOADS ON STRUCTURES

Loads

Dead loads

Live loads

Earthquake

WIND

Other
WIND LOAD ESTIMATION

Approximate

Codal

Numerical

Experimental
 Wind tunnel testing
COMPLEX STRUCTURES

Rational estimation of wind loads?

No theoretical procedure

Wind tunnel testing is the only solution for

rational and safe estimation of overall and
local pressures and wind induced motion

This structure has complex geometry and a
free standing TRISHUL
WIND TUNNEL TEST FACILITIES

IIT ROORKEE

NWTF IIT KANPUR

SERC CHENNAI

BMT LONDON

RWDI

CPP

WINDTECH
 OBJECTIVES OF WIND TUNNEL TEST

The establishment of wind climate for 250-yr return period at Nathdwara region.

The 250 year return period peak base moments, and comparison with estimates
obtained using various wind loading standards/codes. The 250 year return period
results are based on an assumed inherent structural damping of 2.0% of critical.

The corresponding 250 year return period shear force distribution for each level of
the statue.

The 10 year return period peak tip deflections of the statue, and comparison with the
“H/500” criterion, based on an assumed inherent structural damping of 1.5% of
critical.

The corresponding distribution of the 250 and 10 year return period equivalent static
forces for each level of the statue for different load cases, to be used to optimise the
design of the structure.

The maximum combined annual peak building accelerations and comparison with
relevant occupant comfort criteria due to building motion. Results are presented for
inherent structural damping values of 0.7%, 1.0%, and 1.5% of critical.

The results for the peak base moments, tip deflections and building accelerations are
also presented with variations of ±20% applied to the supplied natural frequency
estimates.

At this stage we are presenting only the wind climate study,

wind modeling and geometric modeling aspects of this
very special project.
MODELLING ASPECTS

WIND CHARACTERISTICS STUDY FOR
250+ DESIGN LIFE

TERRAIN STUDY AND MODELLING AS OF
NOW AND IN FUTURE

NEARBY SURROUNDING TERRAIN
MODELLING

GEOMETRIC MODELLING FOR BASE
FORCES, SURFACE PRESSURE STUDY

TRISHUL STRUCTURE
INPUTS TO WIND TUNNEL TEST AGENCY

TERRAIN DATA

CONTOURS

3D SCAN DIGITISED MODEL

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIN

STRUCTURE

TRISHUL PROPERTIES
AXES COORDINATE SYSTEM
WIND CHARACTRISTICS
WIND CHARACTRISTICS
WIND CHARACTRISTICS
WIND CHARACTRISTICS
WIND CHARACTRISTICS
TERRAIN CHARACTRISTICS
SURROUNDS PHOTOS OF THE PROPOSED SHIVA STATUE
LOCATED AT NATHDWARA, INDIA
1:200 SCALE 500M DIA SURROUNDS CONTOUR FOR MODEL
FRONT ELEVATION OF DIGITAL SCANNED MODEL
1:24 SCALED POP MODEL AT STUDIO FOR VISUALIZATION
WIND TUNNEL MODEL MADE IN ABS PLASTIC THRU 3D
PRINTER AT WINDTECH SYDNEY
AERODYNAMIC TESTING FOR TRIDENT
WIND TUNNEL MODEL PLACED ON FLOOR WITH
SURROUNDS TERRAIN: PRESENT
WIND TUNNEL MODEL PLACED ON FLOOR WITH
SURROUNDS TERRAIN: FUTURE
INSTRUMENTATION BELOW TURN TABLE: WINDTECH SYDNEY
WIND TUNNEL MODEL SURFACE PRESSURE TAPS
LAYOUT

3D digitaised model of
pressure tap layout
WINDTECH FACILITY AT SYDNEY

Our laboratory features two boundary layer wind tunnel facilities, containing state-of-the-
art equipment
Wind Tunnel 1 has overall dimensions of 2.0m x 2.6m x 23m.

Wind Tunnel 2 has overall dimensions of 2.0m x 3.0m x 23m.

The test section of Windtech’s wind tunnel features a blockage tolerant design.

Windtech uses an advanced high-frequency force balance and aeroelastic rig designs to
accurately determine the overturning moments on the tall building structures.

We carry out statistical analysis of the peak pressure signals to provide a reliable
statistical peak pressure.

Windtech uses an advanced high-frequency force balance and aeroelastic rig designs to
accurately determine the overturning moments on the tall building structures.

The analysis techniques used by Windtech Consultants are the result of 20years of
research and development and represent international best practice standards.

Measurements of local wind speeds for Wind Environment Studies are obtained using
hot-wire anemometry, which is the most reliable technique available, particularly in
highly turbulent flows.

Windtech consultants also have the facilities to test the performance of façade elements
for quantities such as discharge coefficient, wind-noise generation, rain-noise and the
ntegrity of the façade element for serviceability.
WINDTECH FACILITY AT SYDNEY
ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION

UNLIKE A REGULAR BUILDING

GIAGANTIC SIZE

AESTHETICS

EXPRESSIONS

MONUMENTAL IMPORTANCE

MATERIAL

SEQUENCE

SOIL CONDITIONS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

CHECKS AND RELIABILITY
STRUCTURAL FRAMING: FRONT AND SIDE SECTIONS
RESULTS

Following results shall be presented:

 Surface pressure distribution from all directions
 Base balance results for bending moments and
shear at base
 Deflections and accelerations

 Trishul aerodynamic behaviour

WINDTECH REPORT INCLUDES

The 250 year return period peak base moments, and comparison with estimates
obtained using various wind loading standards/codes. The 250 year return
period results are based on an assumed inherent structural damping of 2.0% of
critical.

The corresponding 250 year return period shear force distribution for each level
of the statue.

The 10 year return period peak tip deflections of the statue, and comparison with
the “H/500” criterion, based on an assumed inherent structural damping of 1.5%
of critical.

The corresponding distribution of the 250 and 10 year return period equivalent
static forces for each level of the statue for different load cases, to be used to
optimise the design of the structure.

The maximum combined annual peak building accelerations and comparison
with relevant occupant comfort criteria due to building motion. Results are
presented for inherent structural damping values of 0.7%, 1.0%, and 1.5% of
critical.

The results for the peak base moments, tip deflections and building
accelerations are also presented with variations of ±20% applied to the supplied
natural frequency estimates.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I consider myself fortunate enough to be associated with this unique
project. I acknowledge that Management of MIRAJ group
Nathdwara considered us as Structural Engineering consultant and
allowed/sponsored us to visit WindTech Sydney for the Wind Tunnel
testing. I gratefully acknowledge the guidance received from Prof.
Prem Krishna, my mentor and Peer review consultant on this
project. He has always been a source of inspiration and encourages
doing such wonderful things. All my team members from MIRAJ
group, Templesmac (the sculptor) and my own Skeleton Team
deserve appreciation for continuous support in order to see that the
Monument conceived by Shri Madan Paliwal, Chairman MIRAJ
group is safely in place in scheduled time. Sincere thanks are due to
WindTech Sydney for meticulously executing the Wind Tunnel
Testing of this unique project. Thanks are also due to IAStructE for
inviting me and you all for listening.

THANKS….!

QUESTIONS PLEASE….??